Anchoring mechanism and method of support construction

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an anchoring mechanism and a supporting construction method. The anchoring mechanism comprises a first anchoring component, a second anchoring component and a third anchoring component. The first anchoring component comprises a tensioning structure which is in contact with the hole wall of an anchoring hole to form a first anchoring force. The second anchoring component comprises a clamping block structure which can pass through the tensioning structure and form a limit with the anchoring hole to form a second anchoring force. The third anchoring component is arranged at one end of the tensioning structure which extends into the anchoring hole, and is used for stirring an anchoring agent to form a third anchoring force. The tensioning structure is in contact with the hole wall of the anchoring hole to form a friction anchoring force, the clamping block structure forms a limit with the anchoring hole to provide a mechanical anchoring force, and the anchoring agent is stirred to form a bonding anchoring force, so that the problem that the anchoring form of the anchoring mechanism in the prior art is single and cannot adapt to the complex and changeable environment in tunnel engineering is effectively solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to an anchoring mechanism and a support construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the advancement of modernization of tunnel engineering, new requirements for the construction process method and structure of the anchor rod itself are generated along with the emergence of new construction methods and processes. In the original anchor rod support engineering, problems such as insufficient anchoring force, complicated construction process, no prestress, and inability to meet automatic construction are often encountered.

[0003] The anchoring form of the current mainstream anchor rod can be divided into mechanical anchoring and adhesive anchoring. The mechanical anchoring includes inverted wedge type and expansion shell type, etc. Regardless of the anchoring form of the anchor rod, slippage between the anchoring segment and the hole wall under the action of impact load is easy to occur, resulting in the loss of friction and reducing the pullout strength of the anchoring mechanism, so that the strength requirement of the engineering cannot be met, and the quality of the engineering cannot be effectively guaranteed. The adhesive anchoring has a common problem, i.e., the anchoring agent cannot quickly reach the design strength in a short time, so that the construction speed is slow and the requirement of rapid construction cannot be met. The anchoring form of the anchor rod in the prior art is single, which cannot adapt to the complex and variable environment in the tunnel engineering, resulting in mismatched action of the anchor rod and the requirement of rapid construction cannot be met. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides an anchoring mechanism and a support construction method to solve the problem that the anchoring form of the anchor rod in the prior art is single and cannot adapt to the complex and variable environment in the tunnel engineering.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides an anchoring mechanism, comprising: a first anchoring component, a second anchoring component, and a third anchoring component, the first anchoring component comprising a tensioning structure, the tensioning structure being in contact with the hole wall of an anchoring hole to form a first anchoring force; the second anchoring component comprising a clamping block structure, the clamping block structure being arranged in the tensioning structure, the clamping block structure being capable of passing through the tensioning structure and forming a limit with the anchoring hole to form a second anchoring force; the third anchoring component being arranged at one end of the tensioning structure extending into the anchoring hole, the third anchoring component being used for stirring an anchoring agent to form a third anchoring force.

[0006] Further, the tensioning structure comprises a tensioning pipe, the tensioning pipe comprising a guide section and a tensioning section, both the guide section and the tensioning section being compressible, the diameter of the guide section and the diameter of the tensioning section being equal when the tensioning pipe is in a compressed state.

[0007] Further, the guide section has a V-shaped groove, the side wall of the tensioning section has a through groove, the opening end of the V-shaped groove is connected with the through groove, and the V-shaped groove and the through groove are closed when the tensioning pipe is in the compressed state.

[0008] Further, the card block structure comprises a sliding block and a wedge block, the tensioning section is provided with a movable pipe wall, the sliding block is slidably arranged in the tensioning pipe, the wedge block is fixedly connected with the movable pipe wall, the sliding block and the wedge block have a limiting state, when in the limiting state, the sliding block pushes the wedge block outward, and the wedge block partially enters the hole wall of the anchoring hole to form the limiting.

[0009] Further, the wedge block has a first cylindrical surface, a second cylindrical surface and a fixing member, the movable pipe wall is provided with a fixing through hole, the first cylindrical surface is attached to the movable pipe wall, the distance between the second cylindrical surface and the first cylindrical surface gradually decreases along the direction of the axis of the tensioning pipe extending into the anchoring hole, and the fixing member is arranged on the second cylindrical surface and passes through the fixing through hole to fix the wedge block.

[0010] Further, the sliding block has a contraction section and a cylindrical section, the contraction section gradually decreases in cross-sectional area in the direction away from the cylindrical section. The wedge block is a plurality of wedge blocks, the contraction section can extend into the space surrounded by the plurality of second cylindrical surfaces, and when the contraction section completely enters the space, the cylindrical section is in contact with the second cylindrical surface to form the limiting.

[0011] Further, the third anchoring assembly comprises a rotating shaft, the side wall of the tensioning pipe is provided with a plurality of sliding long holes arranged along the axis direction of the tensioning pipe, the side wall of the sliding block is correspondingly provided with a plurality of limiting members, the limiting members are slidably arranged in the sliding long holes, the rotating shaft is arranged in the tensioning pipe, and the rotating shaft is threadedly connected with the sliding block.

[0012] Further, the tensioning pipe further comprises a mounting section, and the third anchoring assembly further comprises a mounting seat, the mounting section comprises a plurality of square tables extending inward, a circular disc flange is arranged at one end of the mounting section away from the tensioning section, the mounting seat is correspondingly provided with a plurality of square grooves, the mounting seat is slidably arranged at one end of the tensioning pipe, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the mounting seat.

[0013] Further, the third anchoring assembly further comprises a stirring head, the stirring head is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, and the stirring head extends to the bottom end of the anchoring hole through the tensioning pipe.

[0014] In a second aspect, the application provides a supporting construction method, the supporting construction method uses the anchoring mechanism, and the supporting construction method comprises the following steps:

[0015] S10 drilling an anchoring hole in a working wall surface and pouring an anchoring agent into the bottom of the anchoring hole;

[0016] S20 using a pneumatic hammer to drive the anchoring mechanism into the anchoring hole, so that the circular disc flange is attached to the working wall surface;

[0017] S30 pressing the circular disc flange, applying a torsion to the rotating shaft, rotating the rotating shaft relative to the tensioning structure, driving the stirring head to stir the anchoring agent while driving the sliding block to move so that the wedge block enters the anchoring hole wall outward;

[0018] S40 repeating steps S10 to S30, driving a predetermined number of anchoring mechanisms into the working wall surface to form effective support.

[0019] Further, before driving the anchoring mechanism into the anchoring hole by using the air hammer, the support construction method further comprises the following steps:

[0020] S11 threadedly connecting the sliding block with the rotating shaft;

[0021] S12 loading the rotating shaft into the tension pipe through the through slot, sleeving the mounting seat on the end of the rotating shaft away from the wedge block 212 stirring head, and making the mounting seat and the mounting section engage with each other;

[0022] S13 installing the fixing member on the wedge block into the fixed through hole on the movable pipe wall;

[0023] S14 adjusting the position of the sliding block between the movable pipe wall and the stirring head;

[0024] S15 compressing the tension pipe to make the through slot and the V-shaped slot close.

[0025] The above technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0026] The anchoring mechanism and the support construction method provided by the embodiments of the present application, wherein the anchoring mechanism comprises a first anchoring component, a second anchoring component and a third anchoring component, the first anchoring component comprises a tension structure, the tension structure is in contact with the hole wall of the anchoring hole to form a first anchoring force; the second anchoring component comprises a clamping block structure, the clamping block structure is arranged in the tension structure, the clamping block structure can pass through the tension structure and form a limit with the anchoring hole to form a second anchoring force; the third anchoring component is arranged at one end of the tension structure extending into the anchoring hole, and the third anchoring component is used for stirring anchoring agent to form a third anchoring force. The first anchoring component is in contact with the hole wall of the anchoring hole through the tension structure to form a frictional anchoring force, the second anchoring component forms a limit with the anchoring hole through the clamping block structure to provide a mechanical anchoring force, and the third anchoring component forms a cohesive anchoring force by stirring the anchoring agent. The present scheme realizes an anchoring mechanism integrating multiple anchoring forms by three groups of anchoring forces, can cope with different needs for anchoring in the anchoring process, and effectively solves the problem that the anchoring form of the anchoring mechanism in the prior art is single and cannot adapt to the complex and changeable environment in the tunnel engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate one embodiment consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to these drawings without any creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 A perspective structural schematic view of an anchoring mechanism is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 1 a tension pipe of the anchoring mechanism is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 2 a tension pipe is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 2 a tension pipe is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 3 a mounting section of the tension pipe is shown;

[0034] Figure 6 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 5 a mounting section is shown;

[0035] Figure 7 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 5 a mounting section is shown;

[0036] Figure 8 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 1 a wedge block of the anchoring mechanism is shown;

[0037] Figure 9 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 1 a sliding block is shown;

[0038] Figure 10 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 1 a rotating shaft is shown;

[0039] Figure 11 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 1 a mounting seat is shown;

[0040] Figure 12 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 1 the anchoring mechanism in a working state is shown;

[0041] Figure 13 A perspective structural schematic view of Figure 1 a working flow of the anchoring mechanism is shown.

[0042] Wherein, the above figures contain the following reference signs:

[0043] 10, first anchoring assembly; 11, tension pipe; 111, guide section; 1111, V-shaped groove; 112, tension section; 1121, through groove; 1122, fixed through hole; 1123, sliding long hole; 1124, movable pipe wall; 113, mounting section; 1131, circular disc edge; 1132, square platform; 20, second anchoring assembly; 21, clamping block structure; 211, sliding block; 2111, contraction section; 2112, cylindrical section; 2113, limiting piece; 212, wedge block; 2121, first cylindrical surface; 2122, second cylindrical surface; 2123, fixing piece; 30, third anchoring assembly; 31, rotating shaft; 311, threaded section; 312, gradual change section; 313, long shaft section; 32, mounting seat; 321, square groove; 322, limiting platform edge; 323, circular hole; 33, stirring head; 34, nut end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and superiorities of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts are within the scope of the present application.

[0045] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 12 In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an anchoring mechanism, comprising: a first anchoring assembly 10, a second anchoring assembly 20, and a third anchoring assembly 30, the first anchoring assembly 10 comprises a tension structure, the tension structure is in contact with the hole wall of the anchoring hole to form a first anchoring force; the second anchoring assembly 20 comprises a clamping block structure 21, the clamping block structure 21 is arranged in the tension structure, the clamping block structure 21 can pass through the tension structure and form a limit with the anchoring hole to form a second anchoring force; the third anchoring assembly 30 is arranged in the tension structure, the third anchoring assembly 30 can extend into the bottom of the anchoring hole, and is used for stirring the anchoring agent to form a third anchoring force.

[0046] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 12As shown, in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the first anchoring component 10 is in contact with the anchoring hole wall through the tensioning structure to form a frictional anchoring force, the second anchoring component 20 is limited by the anchoring hole through the clamping block structure 21 to provide a mechanical anchoring force, and the third anchoring component 30 forms a bonding anchoring force by stirring the anchoring agent. The present scheme integrates various anchoring forms into one anchoring mechanism through three groups of anchoring forces, can cope with different needs for anchoring during the anchoring process, and effectively solves the problem that the anchoring mechanism in the prior art has a single anchoring form and cannot adapt to the complex and variable environment in tunnel engineering.

[0047] It should be noted that the anchoring force provided by the first anchoring component 10 through the tensioning structure can preliminarily fix the anchoring structure in the anchoring hole. On the one hand, the frictional anchoring force generated by the tensioning structure can prevent the entire anchoring mechanism from sliding along the setting direction of the anchoring hole, facilitating the anchoring mechanism to be in the correct position. On the other hand, the frictional anchoring force can also provide a circumferential friction force to prevent the second anchoring component 20 from rotating when it is deployed, thereby stabilizing the anchoring and also offsetting part of the torsional force generated by the third anchoring component 30 when it rotates, thereby preventing the entire anchoring mechanism from rotating. That is, the first anchoring component 10 provides a stable installation link to facilitate the effective formation of mechanical anchoring force and bonding anchoring force. The mechanical anchoring force can play a mechanical anchoring role in a relatively short time after the anchoring mechanism is driven into the anchoring hole, thereby effectively controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock to prevent the anchoring hole from being affected when other anchoring mechanisms are used subsequently, thereby achieving rapid anchoring. After the agent roll takes effect to form the bonding anchoring force, the anchoring effect can be further ensured. The above-mentioned anchoring mechanism applies anchoring force in different time periods during use, and can also be adjusted to a certain extent to achieve the best anchoring effect when coping with different environments and working conditions.

[0048] As shown in the above-mentioned anchoring mechanism, Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the tensioning structure includes a tensioning pipe 11, and the tensioning pipe 11 includes a guide section 111 and a tensioning section 112. Both the guide section 111 and the tensioning section 112 can be compressed. When the tensioning pipe 11 is in a compressed state, the diameter of the guide section 111 is equal to the diameter of the tensioning section 112. The guide section 111 facilitates the overall anchoring mechanism to enter the anchoring hole. Both the guide section 111 and the tensioning section 112 can be compressed, and the diameter of the guide section 111 is equal to the diameter of the tensioning section 112 after compression, which can ensure the compactness of the overall structure and enable the resistance received by the tensioning pipe 11 during insertion to be constant, so that the outer pipe wall is not subjected to large wear. After complete insertion, the force exerted on the tensioning pipe 11 to compress it is removed, and at this time the tensioning pipe 11 will exert a circumferential force under the action of its own structure to form a frictional force, i.e., the first anchoring force.

[0049] As shown in the above-mentioned anchoring mechanism, Figures 1 to 7As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, the guide section 111 has a V-shaped groove 1111, and the side wall of the tensioning section 112 has a through groove 1121. The open end of the V-shaped groove 1111 is connected to the through groove 1121. When the tensioning tube 11 is in a compressed state, the V-shaped groove 1111 and the through groove 1121 are closed. Specifically, the opening of the V-shaped groove 1111 is oriented towards the tensioning section 112. The advantage of this arrangement is that the bottom of the V-shaped groove 1111 has a smaller cross-sectional area due to the smaller distance between the openings, thus forming a smaller front end, which facilitates the function of the guide section 111. The V-groove 1111 is connected to the through groove 1121, meaning that the guide section 111 and the tensioning section 112 are integrally formed. This makes the structure more compact during implementation. At the same time, the connection between the V-groove 1111 and the through groove 1121 can form a single gap after the tensioning tube is compressed. The boundary of the gap is integral, which can prevent the through groove 1121 and the boundary of the V-groove from folding and compressing during compression, which would cause the gap to enlarge and allow soil or water droplets to directly enter the gap, affecting the operation of the anchoring mechanism.

[0050] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 13 As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, the locking structure 21 includes a sliding block 211 and a wedge 212. The tensioning section 112 is provided with a movable tube wall 1124. The sliding block 211 is slidably disposed inside the tensioning tube 11, and the wedge 212 is fixedly connected to the movable tube wall 1124. The sliding block 211 and the wedge 212 are in a limited state. When in the limited state, the sliding block 211 pushes the wedge 212 outward, and the wedge 212 partially enters the wall of the anchoring hole to form a limit. Specifically, when the anchoring mechanism is fully driven into the anchoring hole, a force is applied to the sliding block 211, causing the sliding block 211 to slide towards the wedge 212. Through the contact between the sliding block 211 and the wedge 212, the wedge 212 passes through the tensioning tube 11 and partially enters the wall of the anchoring hole to form a limit, thus completing the mechanical anchoring and forming the second anchoring force.

[0051] like Figure 8 and Figure 13As shown, in the technical scheme of the embodiment, the wedge 212 has a first cylindrical surface 2121, a second cylindrical surface 2122, and a fixing member 2123, the movable pipe wall 1124 is provided with a fixed through hole 1122, the first cylindrical surface 2121 is attached to the movable pipe wall 1124, the distance between the second cylindrical surface 2122 and the first cylindrical surface 2121 gradually decreases in the direction of the anchor hole along the axis of the tension pipe 11, the fixing member 2123 is arranged on the second cylindrical surface 2122, and the fixing member 2123 passes through the fixed through hole 1122 to fix the wedge 212. Specifically, the first cylindrical surface 2121 is equal in diameter to the inner wall of the tension pipe 11, can effectively attach, and has different distances from the second cylindrical surface 2122, the distance between the two is the largest at the end away from the sliding block 211, and a plane is formed between the two, the plane enters the anchor hole wall and forms a limit with the anchor hole wall, the plane area affects the volume of the part entering the soil body, and corresponding improvement can be made according to actual requirements and working environment. The distance between the second cylindrical surface 2122 and the first cylindrical surface 2121 gradually decreases in the direction of the anchor hole along the axis of the tension pipe 11, that is, the process of forming mechanical anchoring force is a gradual process, and in the whole process, the wedge 212 keeps in contact with the soil body, and can also effectively protect the corresponding elements inside the anchoring mechanism, so as to avoid damage. It should be noted that the optimal arrangement scheme of the plane and the first cylindrical surface 2121 is to arrange them vertically, which can ensure that the pressure received by the soil body after entering the soil body is perpendicular to each other, and can also limit the soil body at multiple angles. The arrangement of the fixing member 2123 is to limit the wedge 212 through the fixed through hole 1122 and the movable pipe wall 1124, so as to avoid the wedge 212 from separating from the movable pipe wall 1124, which can also improve the connection between the wedge 212 and the tension pipe 11, and increase the mechanical anchoring effect.

[0052] As Figure 9 and Figure 13As shown, in this embodiment, the sliding block 211 has a contraction section 2111 and a cylindrical section 2112. The cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section 2111 gradually decreases along the direction away from the cylindrical section 2112. Multiple wedges 212 are present, and the contraction section 2111 can extend into the space enclosed by multiple second cylindrical surfaces 2122. When the contraction section 2111 completes its entry into the space, the cylindrical section 2112 contacts the second cylindrical surface 2122 to form a limit. This arrangement allows the wedges 212 to be pushed outwards in stages and is easy to manufacture. It should be noted that the contraction section 2111 can be of various types, such as a trapezoidal frustum, a conical section, or a triangular section. The corresponding second cylindrical surface 2122 can be set as a plane, and the cylindrical section can be set as a cuboid. In this application, the embodiment selects the optimal cylindrical surface, arc segment, and cylindrical segment 2112. The second cylindrical surface 2122 can fit the arc segment and the side of the cylindrical segment 2112. It can provide high mechanical strength while maintaining mechanical anchoring and avoid damage. At the same time, the tighter fit avoids gaps in a certain direction and can prevent soil or water droplets from extending into the contact surface and causing corrosion.

[0053] like Figure 1 , Figure 10 and Figure 12 As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, the third anchoring component 30 includes a rotating shaft 31. Multiple sliding elongated holes 1123 are provided on the side wall of the tensioning tube 11, and these holes are arranged along the axial direction of the tensioning tube 11. Multiple limiting members 2113 are correspondingly provided on the side wall of the sliding block 211, and these limiting members 2113 are slidably disposed within the sliding elongated holes 1123. The rotating shaft 31 passes through the tensioning tube 11 and can be threadedly connected to the sliding block 211. The rotating shaft 31 enables the sliding block 211 to slide axially through the threaded connection. Since the rotating shaft 31 is the power source for the stirring head 33, this arrangement reduces the structural requirements of the sliding block 211, saves on the transmission device, and improves the utilization rate of parts. To allow the sliding block 211 to slide via a threaded connection, its circumferential movement needs to be restricted. A limiting element 2113 and a sliding elongated hole 1123 are provided to restrict the sliding direction of the sliding block 211 to the direction along which the sliding elongated hole 1123 is set. It should be noted that the rotating shaft 31 also has a transition section 312 and a long shaft section 313. After the cylindrical section 2112 completely fixes the wedge 212, the cylindrical section 2112 disengages from the threaded section 311 and enters the transition section. At this point, the cylindrical section 2112 no longer moves along the axis of the tensioning tube 11, maintaining its position through the interaction force with the wedge 212. Meanwhile, the rotating shaft 31 rotates to fully agitate the anchoring agent, forming an adhesive anchoring force, i.e., the third anchoring force.

[0054] It should be noted that, as Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, there are two wedge blocks 212 and the sliding block 211 is set separately. Specifically, the sliding block 211 is divided into two along the plane passing through its internal thread axis. The limiting member 2113 is set perpendicular to the above plane on the two cylindrical surfaces. This setting is convenient for installation and can be inserted through the through groove 1121 of the tensioning section 112.

[0055] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 11 As shown, in this embodiment, the tensioning tube 11 further includes an installation section 113, and the third anchoring assembly 30 further includes a mounting base 32. The installation section 113 includes multiple inwardly extending square platforms 1132. A circular flange 1131 is provided at the end of the installation section 113 away from the tensioning section 112. The mounting base 32 is correspondingly provided with multiple square grooves 321. The mounting base 32 is slidably disposed at one end of the tensioning tube 11, and the rotating shaft 31 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 32. The installation section 113 is provided to provide a rotation center for the rotating shaft 31. The circumferential position of the rotating shaft 31 can be fixed through the cooperation between the mounting base 32 and the installation section 113. The square platforms 1132 and the square grooves 321 cooperate with each other to realize the circumferential rotation of the mounting base 32. A circular hole 323 is provided at the center of the mounting base 32 to guide the installation of the rotating shaft 31 and restrict its circumferential degree of freedom. Specifically, the end of the installation section 113 is provided with a circular disc edge 1131, and the mounting base 32 is provided with a limiting edge 322. The limiting edge 322 contacts the circular disc edge 1131. On the one hand, the limiting edge 322 can apply a force perpendicular to the working wall surface to the anchoring mechanism to prevent the anchoring mechanism from rotating during mechanical anchoring; on the other hand, the circular disc edge 1131 can limit the limiting edge 322 to prevent the mounting base 32 from sliding into the tensioning tube 11.

[0056] like Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the third anchoring component 30 further includes a mixing head 33, which is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 31. The mixing head 33 extends through the tensioning tube 11 to the bottom of the anchoring hole. The mixing head 33 includes a main rotating shaft and multiple mixing belts, which are fixedly mounted on the main rotating shaft. When the mixing head 33 rotates, the continuous rotation of the mixing belts and the anchoring agent allows the anchoring agent to be fully mixed and bonded to the soil, thereby forming a third anchoring force.

[0057] It should be noted that the third anchoring assembly 30 further comprises a nut end 34, which is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft 31. The side of the nut end 34 close to the anchoring hole is in contact with the side of the limiting platform edge 322 away from the circular disc edge 1131. The diameter of the limiting platform edge 322 is larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the nut end 34. During the anchoring operation, the nut end 34 can be covered by the sleeve to apply the torque, and the sleeve can also apply the axial force to the limiting platform edge 322 to prevent the tension pipe 11 from rotating.

[0058] It should be noted that in another embodiment of the present application (not shown in the figure), a quick mechanized construction combined anchor rod and construction process comprises a rotating shaft 31, a nut end 34, a tension pipe 11, a mounting seat 32, a sliding block 211, a wedge block 212, a stirring head 33, a sliding long hole 1123, a fixed through hole 1122, a square groove 321, a square platform 1132, a gradual change section 312, a threaded section 311, a circular disc edge 1131, and a movable pipe wall 1124. The relationship between the parts is as follows: the nut end 34 and the anchor rod body are directly casted, and the stirring head is casted on the anchor rod body to form an integral whole. The sliding block 211 has a thread inside, which is arranged in the threaded section 311 and coupled with the thread. The protrusion on the outside is clamped at the bottom of the sliding long hole 1123, and the protrusion of the wedge block 212 is aligned at the fixed through hole 1122. The direction is arranged according to the wide body part adjacent to the free forging of the anchoring mechanism, and the mounting seat 32 embraces the anchor rod on both sides and is installed in alignment with the square platform 1132 of the tension pipe 11.

[0059] When the technical solution of the embodiment is applied, the functions of each part are as follows: the tension pipe 11 is opened and closed after entering the borehole, and is pressed against the surrounding hole wall to generate side friction resistance, thereby increasing the pullout resistance of the anchor rod. The torsion is applied to the nut end 34 to drive the rod body to rotate. The mounting seat 32 has an internal smooth wall with an inner diameter that matches the diameter of the rod body, which can well maintain the stability of the anchor rod body. The combination of the square groove 321 and the square platform 1132 can prevent the nut end 34 from being subjected to torsion while the tension pipe 11 rotates, and the rotation of the anchor rod threaded segment can drive the sliding block 211 to move relative to the tension pipe 11 along the sliding long hole 1123. The movable pipe wall 1124 can constrain the longitudinal displacement of the wedge block 212 while ensuring that the wedge expansion of the wedge block 212 is not constrained by the sleeve wall. The sliding block 211 presses the wedge block 212 fixed in the fixed through hole 1122 to generate wedge expansion force, and mechanical anchoring is completed at a point where the sliding block 211 is pressed against the hole wall. When the mechanical anchoring force reaches the limit, the sliding block 211 does not move relative to the wedge block 212, and the threaded segment 311 continues to move downward relative to the sliding block 211. At this time, the anchor rod will be elastically deformed, and the anchor rod will be rotated to the predetermined number of turns after the anchor rod is elongated to the expected amount, at which time the prestress is applied. At the same time, the rotation of the rod body drives the rotation of the stirring head 33, which uniformly stirs the pre-placed cartridge of the adhesive anchoring segment, and the adhesive anchoring effect is achieved after the strength is formed.

[0060] The anchoring mode of the anchoring mechanism in the embodiment combines the advantages of adhesive anchoring and mechanical anchoring, utilizes the advantage of fast anchoring of mechanical anchoring, can quickly apply prestress after anchoring, and can also play the excellent impact resistance and shear resistance of adhesive anchoring. In the case of extreme geological disasters such as rock burst, large deformation, and the like in the engineering environment, the mechanical anchoring force is reduced, and the corresponding anchoring force can still be provided to ensure the construction quality. The sleeve is selected as the tension pipe 11, which is convenient for assembling the internal structure of the anchor rod sleeve. The hole diameter is slightly larger than the hole formed by the anchor rod drilling machine, and the sleeve wall is rubbed against the hole wall after installation to distribute side friction resistance along the entire length of the sleeve, which can effectively increase the overall pullout resistance of the anchor rod. At the same time, the anchor rod mechanism using the tension pipe 11 has a wide range of applications, is suitable for soft rock stratum, mine tunnels affected by blasting vibration, high-stress rock burst stratum, and the like. It is compatible with future fast mechanized construction in extreme environments. The anchoring mechanism in the embodiment and the unique structure design and process flow perfectly realize the organic combination of the combined anchor rod and fast mechanized construction. The prestress can be applied during the process of applying torque by mechanization, which meets the development trend of resisting extreme environment, large deformation, rock burst, and the like in tunnel engineering disasters in the future.

[0061] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the anchoring structure of the anchor rod is optimized, the anchoring section and the anchoring type are divided into two types, the wedge expansion type mechanical anchoring is adopted in the middle part of the rod body, the anchoring force can be quickly formed, and the subsequent prestress application is facilitated. The bonding type anchoring is adopted in the tail constraint section of the anchor rod, has good impact and shear resistance, in the extreme condition that the mechanical anchoring section fails due to a large impact load, the corresponding anchoring strength is continuously maintained, the uplift resistance is provided, the engineering quality safety is maintained, and the safety warning function is also achieved. The tension pipe 11 is adopted in the embodiment, the outer diameter of the tension pipe 11 is slightly larger than the hole formed by the anchor rod drilling machine, the tension pipe 11 is frictionally connected with the hole wall after installation, the side frictional resistance is distributed along the sleeve full length, and the overall uplift resistance of the anchor rod can be effectively increased. The unique "three-layer wedge expansion structure" of the application can realize the following functions by cooperating with the anchor rod free forging and casting joint nut: after the mechanical anchoring section generates the anchoring force, the end nut is continuously rotated to apply the prestress, the stirring head of the bonding anchoring section is rotated and stirred by the rotation of the rod body, the resin cartridge of the bonding anchoring section is stirred, and the bonding anchoring function is achieved. The traditional combined anchor rod does not have the functions of prestress application and rapid construction.

[0062] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the application provides a supporting construction method, the supporting construction method uses the anchoring mechanism of the tree climbing, and the supporting construction method comprises the following steps:

[0063] S10, drilling an anchoring hole in a working wall surface, and placing an anchoring agent at the bottom of the anchoring hole; drilling a space in a tunnel or rock wall position according to engineering design requirements by using an anchor rod drilling machine, and placing an anchoring agent cartridge at the bottom of the hole.

[0064] S20, using a gas hammer to drive the anchoring mechanism into the anchoring hole, so that the circular disc edge 1131 is attached to the working wall surface; the circular disc edge 1131 is tightly combined with the hole wall around the hole, at this time, the opening of the tension pipe 11 is closed, and the side frictional resistance is generated around the side wall of the tension pipe 11.

[0065] S30, the compacting circular disc along 1131, the rotating shaft 31 to apply a torque, the rotating shaft 31 relative to the tension structure, rotating shaft 31 drive anchor head 33 while stirring the anchor agent, the sliding block 211 move to make the wedge 212 into the anchorage hole wall; the rod body rotates, sliding block 211 is constrained by the sliding long hole 1123, can not rotate freely, only relative rotation with the threaded segment 311, sliding block 211 along the sliding long hole 1123 to the free forging direction of anchor rod, extruding wedge 212 to play the role of wedge expansion, under the constraint of the movable pipe wall 1124, wedge 212 and hole wall extrusion, at this point to play the role of mechanical anchor. When the mechanical anchoring reaches the limit, the sliding block 211 and the wedge 212 do not have relative displacement, the threaded segment 311 continues to move relative to the sliding block 211 to the direction of the adhesive anchoring segment. At this time, the anchor rod will produce elastic deformation, continue to rotate to the predetermined number of turns, the anchor rod elongation reaches the expected amount, at this time the prestress is applied. In the nut driven anchoring mechanism rotation, the anchor head 33 always rotates, stirring the resin anchor cartridge, until the prestress is applied, the anchoring agent gradually hardens, the anchoring head 33 completes the adhesive anchoring. At this time, the whole construction process of a prestressed anchor rod is completed

[0066] S40, repeat steps S10 to 30, the predetermined number of anchoring mechanism is driven into the working wall to form effective support. Further, before the anchoring mechanism is driven into the anchorage hole by the air hammer, the supporting construction method further comprises the following steps:

[0067] S11, the sliding block 211 is threadedly connected with the rotating shaft 31; it should be noted that the anchor head of the rotating shaft 31 can be passed through the guide segment 111 before step S11.

[0068] S12, the rotating shaft 31 is installed in the tension pipe 11 through the slot 1121, the mounting seat 32 is installed on the end of the rotating shaft 31 away from the wedge 212 and the anchor head 33, and the mounting seat 32 is engaged with the mounting segment 113;

[0069] S13, the fixing member 2123 on the wedge 212 is installed into the fixed hole 1122 on the movable pipe wall 1124 of the wedge 212;

[0070] S14, adjust the position of the sliding block 211 between the movable pipe wall 1124 and the anchor head 33;

[0071] S15, compress the wedge 212 and the tension pipe 11, so that the slot 1121 and the V-shaped groove 1111 are closed.

[0072] It has to be noted that, in the present document, relational terms are intended only to convey a possible relationship between elements or

[0073] The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the application. Numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, which modifications and changes are to be understood as intended to be encompassed by the general scope of the application. Accordingly, the application is not to be limited to the above described or illustrated embodiments that are merely given by way of example. It is also be understood that various combinations of the above described embodiments and variations thereof are encompassed by the application, and are part of the present teachings.

Claims

1. An anchoring mechanism, characterized by, The utility model relates to an anchor assembly, which comprises: a first anchor assembly (10) comprising a tensioning structure in contact with the hole wall of an anchor hole to form a first anchoring force; a second anchor assembly (20) comprising a clamping block structure (21) arranged in the tensioning structure, the clamping block structure (21) being capable of limiting the anchor hole through the tensioning structure to form a second anchoring force; a third anchor assembly (30) arranged in the tensioning structure, the third anchor assembly (30) being capable of extending into the bottom of the anchor hole for stirring an anchoring agent to form a third anchoring force; the tensioning structure comprises a tensioning pipe (11) comprising a guide section (111) and a tensioning section (112), both the guide section (111) and the tensioning section (112) being compressible, the diameter of the guide section (111) being equal to that of the tensioning section (112) when the tensioning pipe (11) is in a compressed state; the clamping block structure (21) comprises a sliding block (211) and a wedge block (212), the tensioning section (112) is provided with a movable pipe wall (1124), the sliding block (211) is slidably arranged in the tensioning pipe (11), the wedge block (212) is fixedly connected with the movable pipe wall (1124), the sliding block (211) and the wedge block (212) have a limiting state, in the limiting state, the sliding block (211) pushes the wedge block (212) outward, and the wedge block (212) partially enters the hole wall of the anchor hole to form a limit; the third anchor assembly (30) comprises a rotating shaft (31), the side wall of the tensioning pipe (11) is provided with a plurality of sliding long holes (1123) arranged along the axis direction of the tensioning pipe (11), the side wall of the sliding block (211) is correspondingly provided with a plurality of limiting members (2113), the limiting members (2113) are slidably arranged in the sliding long holes (1123), and the rotating shaft (31) is arranged in the tensioning pipe (11) and is threadedly connected with the sliding block (211).

2. An anchoring mechanism according to claim 1, wherein, the guide section (111) has a V-shaped groove (1111), the side wall of the tensioning section (112) has a through groove (1121), the opening end of the V-shaped groove (1111) is connected with the through groove (1121), and the V-shaped groove (1111) and the through groove (1121) are closed when the tensioning pipe (11) is in a compressed state.

3. The anchoring mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The wedge (212) has a first cylindrical surface (2121), a second cylindrical surface (2122), and a fixing member (2123), the movable pipe wall (1124) is provided with a fixing through hole (1122), the first cylindrical surface (2121) is attached to the movable pipe wall (1124), the distance between the second cylindrical surface (2122) and the first cylindrical surface (2121) gradually decreases in the direction of the axis of the tension pipe (11) into the anchoring hole, and the fixing member (2123) is arranged on the second cylindrical surface (2122) and passes through the fixing through hole (1122) to fix the wedge (212).

4. An anchoring mechanism according to claim 3, wherein, The sliding block (211) has a contraction section (2111) and a cylindrical section (2112), the cross-sectional area of the contraction section (2111) gradually decreases in the direction away from the cylindrical section (2112), the wedge (212) is multiple, the contraction section (2111) can extend into the space surrounded by multiple second cylindrical surfaces (2122), and the cylindrical section (2112) is in contact with the second cylindrical surface (2122) to form a limit when the contraction section (2111) is completely inserted into the space.

5. The anchoring mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The tension pipe (11) further comprises a mounting section (113), the third anchoring assembly (30) further comprises a mounting seat (32), the mounting section (113) comprises multiple square-shaped tables (1132) extending inward, a circular disc flange (1131) is arranged at one end of the mounting section (113) away from the tension section (112), the mounting seat (32) is correspondingly provided with multiple square-shaped grooves (321), the mounting seat (32) is slidably arranged at one end of the tension pipe (11), and the rotating shaft (31) is rotatably connected with the mounting seat (32).

6. The anchoring mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The third anchoring assembly (30) further comprises an agitator (33), the agitator (33) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (31), and the agitator (33) extends through the tension pipe (11) to the bottom end of the anchoring hole.

7. A method of supporting construction, characterised by, The supporting construction method uses the anchoring mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises the following steps: S10 drilling the anchoring hole in the working wall surface and placing the anchoring agent at the bottom of the anchoring hole; S20 using an air hammer to drive the anchoring mechanism into the anchoring hole, so that the circular disc flange (1131) is attached to the working wall surface; S30 compressing the circular disc flange (1131), applying a torsion to the rotating shaft (31), rotating the rotating shaft (31) relative to the tension structure, driving the agitator (33) to agitate the anchoring agent while driving the sliding block (211) to move so that the wedge (212) enters the anchoring hole wall outward; S40 repeating steps S10 to 30 to drive all the anchoring mechanisms into the working wall surface to form effective support.

8. The support construction method according to claim 7, characterized by Before driving the anchoring mechanism into the anchoring hole by using an air hammer, the supporting construction method further comprises the following steps: S11 thread the sliding block (211) with the rotating shaft (31); S12 install the rotating shaft (31) into the tension pipe (11) through the through slot (1121), install the mounting seat (32) on the end of the rotating shaft (31) away from the stirring head (33), and make the mounting seat (32) engage with the mounting section (113); S13 install the fixing member (2123) on the wedge block (212) into the fixing through hole (1122) on the movable pipe wall (1124); S14 adjust the position of the sliding block (211) between the movable pipe wall (1124) and the stirring head (33); S15 compress the tension pipe (11) to make the through slot (1121) close with the V-shaped slot (1111).

Images