A method of simulating oil sand samples using epoxy cemented sandstone

Abstract

A method for simulating oil sand sample by using epoxy resin cemented sandstone, comprising the following steps: step one: measuring sample mass and volume; step two: collecting oil volume, water volume, oil mass, water mass, and solid residue mass of rock sample containing oil and water; step three: calculating porosity, water saturation, oil saturation, and oil to solid residue mass ratio; step four: testing viscosity-temperature (viscosity-temperature) relationship curve; step five: component and content analysis; step six: particle size analysis and content analysis; step seven: configuring epoxy resin glue; step eight: configuring argillaceous cement in line with the natural oil sand; step nine: configuring artificial sample raw materials; step ten: designing cylindrical standard core pressing mold; step eleven: preparing standard artificial core by using artificial layer-by-layer tamping method. The method uses non-toxic epoxy resin to replace toxic natural asphalt to prepare artificial oil sand simulation sample, which meets the green, healthy and environmentally friendly standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of petroleum drilling technology, specifically relating to a method for simulating oil sand samples by cementing sandstone with epoxy resin. Background Technology

[0002] Oil sands are loosely cemented sandstones with extremely high crude oil viscosity, filling the spaces between particles in the form of solid or semi-solid bitumen. To improve the safety, efficiency, and economy of oil sands reservoir drilling and development, laboratory geomechanical testing and parameter evaluation of oil sands are crucial. However, in-situ core sampling of oil sands downhole is extremely difficult, requiring the preservation of core integrity while fully considering complex factors such as temperature and pressure disturbances. Oil sands are extremely sensitive to temperature; excessively high temperatures cause spatial changes in the bitumen and particles within the core, severely affecting its physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, core sampling is generally conducted during cold winter months. The storage and transportation conditions for oil sands are also extremely demanding, typically requiring storage in freezers at -20°C and transport in a dry ice environment.

[0003] Currently, the number of oil sands downhole cores is extremely limited, making it difficult for researchers to obtain sufficient quantities of natural cores for laboratory experiments. This severely restricts scientific and engineering progress related to oil sands development. Furthermore, the bitumen contained in oil sands is toxic and easily volatilizes into the air at high temperatures, adversely affecting the health of laboratory personnel. Current methods for manufacturing artificial oil sands samples involve mixing non-clay minerals, clay minerals, and natural bitumen in a high-temperature environment and then pressing them into shape using molds. However, these artificial cores still fail to meet the basic requirements of being green, healthy, and environmentally friendly.

[0004] Epoxy resin is harmless to human health, and after curing, it is non-toxic, green, and environmentally friendly, thus gaining widespread application in society. By using epoxy resin instead of natural asphalt and uniformly mixing it with a certain proportion of non-clay minerals and clay minerals, and pressing it through a special mold, large quantities of artificial oil sand samples for indoor experiments can be safely and quickly manufactured. Moreover, the prepared artificial samples are basically consistent with natural samples in terms of physical, mechanical, and permeability properties. Summary of the Invention:

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone, which is suitable for indoor geomechanical experiments on oil sands.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0007] A method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Take a standard cylindrical sample of natural oil sand, measure its mass m and volume V, and obtain its density ρ = m / V;

[0009] Step 2: Heat the rock sample containing oil and water to convert the oil and water in the core into oil and water vapor, which is then condensed and collected in a graduated cylinder. The oil volume V is then recorded. o Water volume V w Oil quality m o Water quality m w The collected solid residue was measured to have a mass of m. s ;

[0010] Step 3: Calculate porosity Φ = (V o +V w ) / V, water saturation S w =V w / (V o +V w Oil saturation S o =V o / (V o +V w The mass ratio of oil to solid residue is s = m. o / m s ;

[0011] Step 4: Take out the collected crude oil and test the viscosity-temperature (viscosity-temperature) relationship curve;

[0012] Step 5: Take out the collected solid residue and analyze the composition and content of non-clay minerals and clay minerals. Determine the amount of non-clay minerals as m1 and the amount of clay minerals as m2. The ratio of non-clay minerals to clay minerals is k = m1 / m2.

[0013] Step 6: Perform particle size analysis on non-clay minerals to obtain particle size distribution curves and the mass ratio of particles of different sizes; perform content analysis on clay minerals of different types to obtain the mass ratio of different types of clay minerals.

[0014] Step 7: Take epoxy resins with different epoxy values ​​and add appropriate amounts of additives to prepare epoxy resin adhesive; measure the viscosity of epoxy resin adhesive at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ and compare it with the viscosity of natural asphalt. When the average viscosity error between the two at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ does not exceed 10%, it is considered that the epoxy resin adhesive can replace the natural asphalt in oil sands.

[0015] Step 8: Based on the measured non-clay mineral particle size curve, prepare non-clay mineral particles of different sizes that match the natural oil sands and mix them evenly; based on the mass ratio of different types of clay mineral components, prepare muddy cement that matches the natural oil sands and mix them evenly.

[0016] Step Nine: To prepare a batch of artificial sample raw materials with the same composition as the natural sample, weigh out a clay cement with a mass of n1. Then, weigh out a mass of non-clay mineral particles of n2 = n1 × k, and weigh out a mass of epoxy resin adhesive of m. e = (n1+n2)×s; Stir the epoxy resin adhesive, clay binder, and non-clay mineral particles weighed in proportion at high temperature until they are evenly mixed;

[0017] Step 10: Design a standard cylindrical core pressing mold, including components such as a base, sleeve, solid column, and counterweight. The effective volume of the sleeve is V. e .

[0018] Step 11: Weigh out the mass as m′=ρ×V e The artificial sample raw materials are prepared by manually compacting the material layer by layer in a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold. The compaction is carried out in five stages. Each time, the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5 is weighed and compressed into a cylinder with a height of L / 5 (L is the length of the artificial rock core after pressing). The height of the sample inside the sleeve is determined by the length of the solid column exposed in the sleeve. With the assistance of counterweight, when it is difficult for the sample inside the sleeve to reach the predetermined length by manual compaction, a mechanical press can be used.

[0019] In step one, the natural rock core needs to be taken out of a freezer at -20℃. The standard cylindrical sample refers to a cylinder with a diameter of approximately 25mm and a length of approximately 50mm. The volume of the cylinder is calculated using the formula V=πL×D. 2 / 4, where L is the length of the cylinder and D is the diameter of the cylinder.

[0020] In step two, the natural rock core is placed into a clean core cylinder, which is then placed in a tubular vertical electric furnace. The temperature sensor probe is inserted into the temperature sensor socket. A clean graduated cylinder of mass n0 is placed below the instrument's outlet, and the cold water circulation is turned on. The power switch is turned on, and the initial temperature is set to 120°C. When the volume of water in the graduated cylinder no longer increases (approximately 30 minutes), the water volume V is read. w If the mass of the graduated cylinder containing water is n1, then the mass of the water is m. w =n1-n0; Place another clean graduated cylinder with mass a0 below the liquid outlet of the instrument, raise the temperature to 300℃, heat for about 30 minutes until the volume of oil in the graduated cylinder no longer increases, turn off the power, turn off the cold water circulation after 10 minutes, and read the volume V of the oil. o If the mass of the graduated cylinder containing oil is a1, then the mass of the oil is m. o=a1-a0; Remove the temperature sensor and core cylinder from the electric furnace, cool them with cold water, then remove the dry rock sample from the core cylinder and weigh it as m. s .

[0021] In step four, the dynamic viscosity of crude oil is measured in the temperature range of 20℃ to 100℃. The viscosity is measured every 20℃. A scatter plot is drawn with temperature as the abscissa and dynamic viscosity as the ordinate, where the ordinate is a logarithmic coordinate with base 10. The scatter plot is connected by a smooth curve to form the viscosity-temperature curve of crude oil.

[0022] In step five, whole-rock XRD and clay XRD experiments are performed. The former is to obtain the composition ratio of all non-clay minerals and clay minerals as a whole, while the latter is to further accurately quantify the percentage of each clay mineral. The non-clay minerals mainly refer to quartz, feldspar, dolomite, calcite, anhydrite, gypsum, pyrite, siderite, etc., while the clay minerals mainly refer to illite-montmorillonite mixed layer, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, etc.

[0023] In step six, the x-axis of the particle size distribution curve represents the particle size of the non-clay mineral particles, and the y-axis represents the weight percentage of all particles smaller than that particle size. The x-axis is a logarithmic coordinate with base 10. Based on mining experience, the particle size range of sandstone is generally from 10 μm to 1000 mm. Four numbers are taken from the x-axis between 10 μm and 100 μm: 20, 40, 60, and 80. Four numbers are taken from the x-axis between 100 μm and 1000 μm: 200, 400, 600, and 800. These are then added to the numbers 10, 100, and 1000, arranged in ascending order to obtain 11 x-axis values ​​and corresponding 11 y-axis values. The mass fraction of the particle size corresponding to the current x-axis value is obtained by subtracting the previous y-axis value from the current y-axis value. This process is repeated to obtain the mass fraction and proportion corresponding to each particle size.

[0024] In step seven, the viscosity of the epoxy resin is compared with that of crude oil according to the viscosity indicated in the epoxy resin product manual to roughly determine the epoxy value of the epoxy resin and various additives; the method for obtaining the viscosity of the epoxy resin adhesive is the same as the method for obtaining the viscosity of crude oil in step four.

[0025] In step seven, the viscosities of crude oil at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ are measured to be η1, η2, and η3, respectively, and the viscosities of epoxy resin at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ are measured to be η′1, η′2, and η′3, respectively. When (|η′1-η1| / η1+|η′2-η2| / η2+|η′3-η3| / η3) / 3 < 10%, it is considered that the epoxy resin can replace the natural bitumen in the oil sands; otherwise, the epoxy value, additive type, and content of the epoxy resin are adjusted, and the average error is recalculated until the requirements are met.

[0026] In step eight, based on the mass fractions and proportions corresponding to the 11 particle sizes obtained in step six, non-clay mineral particles consistent with the particle size distribution pattern of natural oil sands are configured. For ease of configuration, non-clay minerals are approximated by quartz particles of different sizes. Based on the composition and specific gravity of different types of clay minerals obtained in step six, clay mineral components consistent with the types and contents of argillaceous cementitious materials in natural oil sands are configured. In order to simulate the influence of different types of clay mineral components (i.e., argillaceous components) on the physical, mechanical, and seepage properties of reservoir rocks, different types of clay minerals are used and configured according to the mass proportion of each clay mineral.

[0027] In step nine, the artificial sample raw material refers to a loose sample in which epoxy resin glue, clay cement (i.e., clay minerals), and non-clay mineral particles are mixed in a predetermined ratio. This loose sample is used for subsequent standard artificial rock core pressing. The particle size distribution of non-clay minerals, the types and specific gravities of clay minerals, the content and viscosity of epoxy resin glue in this loose sample are consistent with those of the natural sample.

[0028] In step ten, the cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold is made of steel and can produce two sizes of artificial standard rock cores: one is 25mm×50mm (diameter×length) and the other is 38mm×76mm (diameter×length).

[0029] In step ten, when pressing a 25mm × 50mm (diameter × length) artificial standard rock core, the base consists of two parts: a base plate and a base groove. The base plate is a square steel plate with a thickness of 2cm and a side length of 20cm, which supports and fixes the mold by its own weight. The base groove is welded to the center of the base plate and is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 27mm, an outer diameter of 29mm, and a height of 25mm. The sleeve is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 25mm, an outer diameter of 27mm, and a height of 50mm. The solid column is a solid steel cylinder with a diameter of 25mm and a height of 50mm. The counterweight is a weight applied to the solid column to apply axial load.

[0030] In step ten, when pressing an artificial standard rock core with dimensions of 38mm × 76mm (diameter × length), the base consists of two parts: a base plate and a base groove. The base plate is a square steel plate with a thickness of 2cm and a side length of 20cm, which supports and fixes the mold by its own weight. The base groove is welded to the center of the base plate and is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 40mm, an outer diameter of 42mm, and a height of 38mm. The sleeve is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 38mm, an outer diameter of 40mm, and a height of 76mm. The solid column is a solid steel cylinder with a diameter of 38mm and a height of 76mm. The counterweight is a weight applied to the solid column to apply axial load.

[0031] In step eleven, firstly, a layer of lubricating oil is evenly applied to the inside of the sleeve, and the sleeve is placed into the circular groove of the base, ensuring close contact between the bottom end of the sleeve and the bottom end of the groove. Then, a portion of the artificial sample material with a mass of m′ / 5 is weighed, placed into the sleeve, and flattened. The solid column is then placed into the sleeve, and the sample is initially compacted by manually pushing the solid column. The distance h between the upper end of the solid column and the upper end of the sleeve is measured. When the distance h is greater than L / 5 (L is the length of the artificial rock core), the sample is further compacted using counterweights until h equals L / 5. After h reaches L / 5, the solid column is removed, and a portion of the artificial sample material with a mass of m′ / 5 is placed into the sleeve and flattened. The solid column is then placed into the sleeve. In the process, compact the loose sample until h equals 2L / 5; after h reaches 2L / 5, remove the solid column, put the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5 into the sleeve and flatten it, put the solid column into the sleeve, and compact the loose sample until h equals 3L / 5mm; after h reaches 3L / 5mm, remove the solid column, put the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5 into the sleeve and flatten it, put the solid column into the sleeve, and compact the loose sample until h equals 4L / 5mm; after h reaches 4L / 5, remove the solid column, continue to weigh the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5, put it into the sleeve and flatten it, put the solid column into the sleeve, and compact the loose sample until h equals L.

[0032] In step eleven, after compressing the bulk sample with mass m′ into a standard core column with length L, the sleeve containing the artificial core column is removed from the circular groove of the base; the solid column is placed directly below the sleeve, aligning the axis of the standard core column with the axis of the solid column, and the sleeve is slowly pushed downwards by hand until the artificial rock sample is fully exposed. The artificial rock sample is then removed, and the sample preparation is complete.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This method uses non-toxic epoxy resin instead of toxic natural bitumen to prepare artificial oil sands simulation samples, meeting green, healthy, and environmentally friendly standards. The prepared artificial samples not only maintain the same density and skeletal structure as natural samples, but also maintain consistency with natural bitumen in fluid flow properties. The artificial samples prepared according to this method are close to natural samples in terms of physical, mechanical, and seepage characteristics, and can be mass-produced quickly, conveniently, and at low cost, providing a guarantee for conducting large-scale oil sands mechanical and seepage experiments. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 The main steps of the method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone.

[0035] Figure 2 Viscosity-temperature relationship curve of crude oil

[0036] Figure 3 Particle size distribution curve of solid particles

[0037] Figure 4 The types and mass ratios of non-clay minerals and clay minerals.

[0038] Figure 5 External view of a standard cylindrical rock core pressing mold

[0039] Figure 6 This describes the process of preparing artificial samples using a standard cylindrical core pressing mold.

[0040] Figure 7 The process of removing the artificial sample from the mold after preparation is complete.

[0041] Among them, 1 is the base groove, 2 is the base plate, 3 is the sleeve, 4 is the solid column, 5 is the artificial rock core, 6 is the counterweight, 7 is the direction of movement of the solid column, and 8 is the direction of movement of the sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Take a standard cylindrical sample of natural oil sand, measure its mass m and volume V, and obtain its density ρ = m / V;

[0046] Step 2: Heat the rock sample containing oil and water to convert the oil and water in the core into oil and water vapor, which is then condensed and collected in a graduated cylinder. The oil volume V is then recorded. o Water volume V w Oil quality m o Water quality m w The collected solid residue was measured to have a mass of m. s ;

[0047] Step 3: Calculate porosity Φ = (V o +V w ) / V, water saturation S w =V w / (V o +V w Oil saturation S o =V o / (V o +V w The mass ratio of oil to solid residue is s = m. o / m s ;

[0048] Step 4: Remove the collected crude oil and test the viscosity-temperature (viscosity-temperature) curve (e.g.) Figure 2 (as shown);

[0049] Step 5: Take out the collected solid residue and analyze the composition and content of non-clay minerals and clay minerals. Determine the amount of non-clay minerals as m1 and the amount of clay minerals as m2. The ratio of non-clay minerals to clay minerals is k = m1 / m2.

[0050] Step Six: Perform particle size analysis on non-clay minerals to obtain particle size distribution curves and the mass ratio of particles of different sizes (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown); the content analysis of different types of clay minerals was performed to obtain the mass ratio of different types of clay minerals (e.g., Figure 4 (as shown);

[0051] Step 7: Take epoxy resins with different epoxy values ​​and add appropriate amounts of additives to prepare epoxy resin adhesive; measure the viscosity of epoxy resin adhesive at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ and compare it with the viscosity of natural asphalt. When the average viscosity error between the two at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ does not exceed 10%, it is considered that the epoxy resin adhesive can replace the natural asphalt in oil sands.

[0052] Step 8: Based on the measured non-clay mineral particle size curve, prepare non-clay mineral particles of different sizes that match the natural oil sands and mix them evenly; based on the mass ratio of different types of clay mineral components, prepare muddy cement that matches the natural oil sands and mix them evenly.

[0053] Step Nine: To prepare a batch of artificial sample raw materials with the same composition as the natural sample, weigh out a clay cement with a mass of n1. Then, weigh out a mass of non-clay mineral particles of n2 = n1 × k, and weigh out a mass of epoxy resin adhesive of m. e = (n1+n2)×s; Stir the epoxy resin adhesive, clay binder, and non-clay mineral particles weighed in proportion at high temperature until they are evenly mixed;

[0054] Step 10: As Figure 5 As shown, a standard cylindrical core pressing mold is designed, including components such as a base, sleeve, solid column, and counterweight. The effective volume of the sleeve is V. e .

[0055] Step 11: Weigh out the mass as m′=ρ×V e Artificial sample raw materials were used to prepare standard artificial rock cores in a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold using a manual layer-by-layer compaction method. Compaction was performed in five stages, with each stage involving weighing an amount of artificial sample raw material of mass m′ / 5 and compressing it into a cylinder of height L / 5 (L being the length of the artificial rock core after pressing). The sample height within the sleeve was determined by the length of the solid cylinder protruding from the sleeve (e.g., ...). Figure 6 (As shown); with the aid of counterweights, when manual compaction is insufficient to bring the sample inside the sleeve to the predetermined length, a mechanical press can be used for the operation.

[0056] In step one, the natural rock core needs to be taken out of a freezer at -20℃. The standard cylindrical sample refers to a cylinder with a diameter of approximately 25mm and a length of approximately 50mm. The volume of the cylinder is calculated using the formula V=πL×D. 2 / 4, where L is the length of the cylinder and D is the diameter of the cylinder.

[0057] In step two, the natural rock core is placed into a clean core cylinder, which is then placed in a tubular vertical electric furnace. The temperature sensor probe is inserted into the temperature sensor socket. A clean graduated cylinder of mass n0 is placed below the instrument's outlet, and the cold water circulation is turned on. The power switch is turned on, and the initial temperature is set to 120°C. When the volume of water in the graduated cylinder no longer increases (approximately 30 minutes), the water volume V is read. w If the mass of the graduated cylinder containing water is n1, then the mass of the water is m. w =n1-n0; Place another clean graduated cylinder with mass a0 below the liquid outlet of the instrument, raise the temperature to 300℃, heat for about 30 minutes until the volume of oil in the graduated cylinder no longer increases, turn off the power, turn off the cold water circulation after 10 minutes, and read the volume V of the oil. o If the mass of the graduated cylinder containing oil is a1, then the mass of the oil is m. o=a1-a0; Remove the temperature sensor and core cylinder from the electric furnace, cool them with cold water, then remove the dry rock sample from the core cylinder and weigh it as m. s .

[0058] In step four, the dynamic viscosity of crude oil is measured within a temperature range of 20℃ to 100℃, with the viscosity measured every 20℃. A scatter plot is created with temperature on the x-axis and dynamic viscosity on the y-axis (logarithmic scale to base 10). A smooth curve is then used to connect the scatter plot points to form the viscosity-temperature curve of the crude oil (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (As shown).

[0059] In step five, whole-rock XRD and clay XRD experiments are performed. The former is to obtain the composition ratio of all non-clay minerals and clay minerals as a whole, while the latter is to further accurately quantify the percentage of each clay mineral. The non-clay minerals mainly refer to quartz, feldspar, dolomite, calcite, anhydrite, gypsum, pyrite, siderite, etc., while the clay minerals mainly refer to illite-montmorillonite mixed layer, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, etc.

[0060] In step six, the x-axis of the particle size distribution curve represents the particle size of the non-clay mineral particles, and the y-axis represents the weight percentage of all particles smaller than that particle size. The x-axis is a logarithmic coordinate with base 10. Based on mining experience, sandstone particle size typically ranges from 10 μm to 1000 mm. Four numbers are taken from the x-axis between 10 μm and 100 μm: 20, 40, 60, and 80. Four numbers are taken from the x-axis between 100 μm and 1000 μm: 200, 400, 600, and 800. These are then added to the numbers 10, 100, and 1000, arranged in ascending order to obtain 11 x-axis values ​​and corresponding 11 y-axis values. The mass fraction of the particle size corresponding to the current x-axis value is obtained by subtracting the previous y-axis value from the current y-axis value. This process is repeated to obtain the mass fraction and proportion corresponding to each particle size (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown).

[0061] In step seven, the viscosity of the epoxy resin is compared with that of crude oil according to the viscosity indicated in the epoxy resin product manual to roughly determine the epoxy value of the epoxy resin and various additives; the method for obtaining the viscosity of the epoxy resin adhesive is the same as the method for obtaining the viscosity of crude oil in step four.

[0062] In step seven, the viscosities of crude oil at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ are measured as η1, η2, and η3, respectively, and the viscosities of epoxy resin at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ are measured as η′1, η′2, and η′3, respectively. When the absolute value of the average error satisfies (|η′1-η1| / η1+|η′2-η2| / η2+|η′3-η3| / η3) / 3<10%, it is considered that the epoxy resin can replace the natural bitumen in the oil sands; otherwise, the epoxy value, additive type, and content of the epoxy resin are adjusted, and the average error is recalculated until the requirements are met.

[0063] In step eight, based on the mass fractions and proportions corresponding to the 11 particle sizes obtained in step six, non-clay mineral particles consistent with the particle size distribution pattern of natural oil sands are configured. For ease of configuration, non-clay minerals are approximated by quartz particles of different sizes. Based on the composition and specific gravity of different types of clay minerals obtained in step six, clay mineral components consistent with the types and contents of argillaceous cementitious materials in natural oil sands are configured. In order to simulate the influence of different types of clay mineral components (i.e., argillaceous components) on the physical, mechanical, and seepage properties of reservoir rocks, different types of clay minerals are used and configured according to the mass proportion of each clay mineral.

[0064] In step nine, the artificial sample raw material refers to a loose sample in which epoxy resin glue, clay cement (i.e., clay minerals), and non-clay mineral particles are mixed in a predetermined ratio. This loose sample is used for subsequent standard artificial rock core pressing. The particle size distribution of non-clay minerals, the types and specific gravities of clay minerals, the content and viscosity of epoxy resin glue in this loose sample are consistent with those of the natural sample.

[0065] In step ten, the cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold is made of steel and can produce two sizes of artificial standard rock cores: one is 25mm×50mm (diameter×length) and the other is 38mm×76mm (diameter×length).

[0066] In step ten, when pressing a 25mm × 50mm (diameter × length) artificial standard rock core, the base consists of a base plate and a base groove. The base plate is a square steel plate with a thickness of 2cm and a side length of 20cm, which supports and fixes the mold by its own weight. The base groove is welded to the center of the base plate and is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 27mm, an outer diameter of 29mm, and a height of 25mm. The sleeve is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 25mm, an outer diameter of 27mm, and a height of 50mm. The solid column is a solid steel cylinder with a diameter of 25mm and a height of 50mm. The counterweight is a weight applied to the solid column to apply axial load (e.g., a weight on top of the solid column). Figure 5 (As shown).

[0067] In step ten, when pressing an artificial standard rock core with dimensions of 38mm × 76mm (diameter × length), the base consists of a base plate and a base groove. The base plate is a square steel plate with a thickness of 2cm and a side length of 20cm, which supports and fixes the mold by its own weight. The base groove is welded to the center of the base plate and is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 40mm, an outer diameter of 42mm, and a height of 38mm. The sleeve is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 38mm, an outer diameter of 40mm, and a height of 76mm. The solid column is a solid steel cylinder with a diameter of 38mm and a height of 76mm. The counterweight is a weight applied to the solid column to apply axial load (e.g., a weight on top of the solid column). Figure 5 (As shown).

[0068] In step eleven, firstly, a layer of lubricating oil is evenly applied to the inside of the sleeve, and the sleeve is placed into the circular groove of the base, ensuring close contact between the bottom end of the sleeve and the bottom end of the groove. Then, a portion of the artificial sample material with a mass of m′ / 5 is weighed, placed into the sleeve, and flattened. The solid column is then placed into the sleeve, and the sample is initially compacted by manually pushing the solid column. The distance h between the upper end of the solid column and the upper end of the sleeve is measured. When the distance h is greater than L / 5 (L is the length of the artificial rock core), the sample is further compacted using counterweights until h equals L / 5. After h reaches L / 5, the solid column is removed, and a portion of the artificial sample material with a mass of m′ / 5 is placed into the sleeve and flattened. The solid column is then placed into the sleeve. In the process, compact the loose sample until h equals 2L / 5; after h reaches 2L / 5, remove the solid column, place a mass of m′ / 5 of the artificial sample material into the sleeve and flatten it, then place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 3L / 5mm; after h reaches 3L / 5mm, remove the solid column, place a mass of m′ / 5 of the artificial sample material into the sleeve and flatten it, then place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 4L / 5mm; after h reaches 4L / 5, remove the solid column, continue to weigh a mass of m′ / 5 of the artificial sample material into the sleeve and flatten it, then place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals L (e.g., ...). Figure 6 (As shown).

[0069] In step eleven, after compressing the bulk sample of mass m′ into a standard core column of length L, the sleeve containing the artificial core column is removed from the base groove; the solid core column is placed directly below the sleeve, aligning the axis of the standard core column with the axis of the solid core column, and the sleeve is slowly pushed downwards by hand until the artificial rock sample is fully exposed. The artificial rock sample is then removed, and the sample preparation is complete (e.g., Figure 7 (As shown).

[0070] In this embodiment, natural oil sands from the Karamay region of Xinjiang Oilfield were selected for downhole coring in winter at an ambient temperature of -20°C. The cores were transported and stored at -20°C using dry ice wrapping, and standard core columns were obtained by indoor liquid nitrogen coring.

[0071] In this embodiment, the standard core column has dimensions of 25mm × 50mm (diameter × length). According to the standard cylinder volume calculation formula, V = πD 2 L / 4=π×2.5×2.5×5 / 4=7.81π≈24.53cm 3 The mass m = 50.13 g, and the density ρ = 50.13 / 24.53 ≈ 2.04 g / cm³. 3 .

[0072] In this embodiment, the natural rock core is placed into a clean core cylinder, which is then placed in a tubular vertical electric furnace. The temperature sensor probe is inserted into the temperature sensor socket. A clean graduated cylinder with a mass of n0 = 100.00g is placed below the instrument's liquid outlet, and the cold water circulation is turned on. The power switch is turned on, and the initial temperature is set to 120°C. When the volume of water in the graduated cylinder no longer increases (approximately 30 minutes), the water volume V is read. w =2.72cm 3 The mass of the graduated cylinder containing water is n1 = 102.72 g. Therefore, the mass of the water is m. w =n1-n0=102.72-100.00=2.72g; Place another clean graduated cylinder with a mass of a0=101.00g below the liquid outlet of the instrument, raise the temperature to 300℃, heat for about 30 minutes until the volume of oil in the graduated cylinder no longer increases, turn off the power, turn off the cold water circulation after 10 minutes, and read the volume V of the oil. o =4.08cm 3 The mass of the graduated cylinder containing oil is a1 = 105.16 g. Therefore, the mass of the oil is m. o =a1-a0=105.16-101.00=4.16g; Remove the temperature sensor and core cylinder from the electric furnace, cool them with cold water, then remove the dry rock sample from the core cylinder and weigh it; its mass is m. s = 43.25g.

[0073] In this embodiment, the porosity Φ = (V o +V w ) / V=(4.08+2.72) / 24.53=27.72%, water saturation S w =V w / (V o +V w =2.72 / (4.08+2.72) = 40%, oil saturation S o =V o / (V o +V w )=4.08 / (4.08+2.72)=60%, oil to solid residue mass ratio s=mo / m s =4.16 / 43.25 = 9.62%.

[0074] In this embodiment, the viscosity-temperature relationship curve of crude oil is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, based on the viscosity-temperature curve, the viscosities of crude oil at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ are η1 = 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 6 mPa·s, η2=3.5×10 4 mPa·s and η3 = 600 mPa·s.

[0075] In this embodiment, the solid residue was removed, and the amount of non-clay minerals was measured to be m1 = 29.97 g, and the amount of clay minerals was measured to be m2 = 13.28 g. The ratio of non-clay minerals to clay minerals was k = m1 / m2 = 29.97 / 13.28 = 2.26. Figure 4 As shown, non-clay minerals accounted for 69.3% of the total solids by mass. The mass percentages of different types of non-clay minerals were as follows: quartz 34.9%, feldspar 20.3%, dolomite 6.3%, siderite 3.2%, calcite 1.6%, pyrite 1.4%, anhydrite 1.3%, and calcined gypsum 0.3%. Clay minerals accounted for 30.7% of the total solids by mass. The mass percentages of different types of clay minerals were as follows: chlorite 11.1%, illite 9.8%, kaolinite 8.3%, and illite-saturated mixed-layer clay 1.5%.

[0076] In this embodiment, a laser nanoparticle size analyzer was used to perform particle size analysis on the non-clay minerals, and the particle size distribution curve was obtained as shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown. For particle sizes ranging from 10 μm to 1000 μm, the cumulative mass contents corresponding to 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μm are 19.49%, 29.22%, 40.36%, 48.52%, 52.58%, 56.68%, 72.14%, 90.98%, 98.51%, and 9... The calculated mass contents of particles with diameters of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μm are 19.49%, 9.73%, 11.14%, 8.16%, 4.06%, 4.1%, 15.46%, 18.84%, 7.53%, 1.47%, and 0.02%, respectively.

[0077] In this embodiment, the selected epoxy resin adhesive has viscosities of η′1 = 2.3 × 10⁻⁶ at 20°C, 50°C, and 100°C, respectively. 6 mPa·s, η′2=3.0×10 4 mPa·s and η′3=565mPa·s, therefore the absolute value of the average error = (|η′1-η1| / η1+|η′2-η2| / η2+|η′3-η3| / η3) / 3=(|2.3×10 6 -2.5×10 6 | / (2.5×10 6 )+|3.0×10 4 -3.5×10 4 | / (3.5×10 4 )+|565-600| / 600) / 3=9.37%<10%, suggesting that the epoxy resin adhesive can replace natural bitumen in oil sands.

[0078] In this embodiment, the masses of quartz particles with particle sizes of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μm were 5.84, 2.92, 3.34, 2.44, 1.22, 1.23, 4.63, 5.65, 2.25, 0.44, and 0.01 kg, respectively, were mixed evenly, resulting in a total of 29.97 kg of non-clay mineral particles. The masses of chlorite, illite, kaolinite, and illite-montmorillonite mixed layers were 4.80, 4.24, 3.59, and 0.65 kg, respectively, were mixed evenly, resulting in a total of 13.28 kg of clay minerals. The mass ratios conform to... Figure 4 The proportions shown are as shown.

[0079] In this embodiment, to prepare a batch of artificial sample raw materials with the same composition as the natural sample, a clay cement with a mass of n1 = 6.64 kg is weighed. Therefore, the required mass of non-clay mineral particles is n2 = n1 × k = 6.64 × 2.26 = 15.01 kg, and the required mass of epoxy resin is m. e =(n1+n2)×s=(6.64+15.01)×9.62%=2.08kg; Under high temperature, the epoxy resin glue, mud cement, and non-clay mineral particles weighed in proportion are stirred and mixed evenly to serve as a loose sample for pressing artificial rock cores.

[0080] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, a standard rock core of 25mm × 50mm (diameter × length) is pressed using a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold, wherein the effective volume of the sleeve is V. e =24.53cm 3 The mass is m′=ρ×V. e =2.04g / cm 3×24.53cm 3 =50.04g of artificial sample raw material was used to prepare a standard artificial rock core in a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold by manually compacting it layer by layer, in five stages. For example... Figure 6 As shown, first, apply a layer of lubricating oil evenly inside the sleeve, then place the sleeve into the circular groove of the base, ensuring close contact between the bottom of the sleeve and the bottom of the groove. Next, weigh out 10.01g of the artificial sample material and place it into the sleeve, spreading it evenly. Place the solid column into the sleeve, and manually push the solid column to initially compact the sample. Measure the distance h between the top of the solid column and the top of the sleeve; h = 10.5mm > 10mm. Continue to compact the sample using a counterweight until h = 10mm. After h reaches 10mm, remove the solid column, place another 10.01g of the artificial sample material into the sleeve, spread it evenly, and place the solid column back into the sleeve to compact the sample until h = 10mm. =20mm; after h reaches 20mm, take out the solid column, put the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5=10.01g into the sleeve and flatten it, put the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 30mm; after h reaches 30mm, take out the solid column, put the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5=10.01g into the sleeve and flatten it, put the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 40mm; after h reaches 40mm, take out the solid column, continue to weigh the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5=10.01g into the sleeve and flatten it, put the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 50mm.

[0081] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 As shown, after compressing a loose sample with a mass of m′=50.04g into a standard rock core column with a length of 50mm, the sleeve containing the artificial rock core column is removed from the circular groove of the base; the solid column is placed directly below the sleeve, aligning the axis of the standard rock core column with the axis of the solid column, and the sleeve is slowly pushed by hand until the artificial rock sample is fully exposed. The artificial rock sample is then removed, and the sample preparation is complete.

[0082] This method uses non-toxic epoxy resin instead of toxic natural bitumen to prepare artificial oil sands samples, meeting green, healthy, and environmentally friendly standards. The prepared artificial samples not only maintain the same density and skeletal structure as natural samples but also retain consistency with natural bitumen in fluid flow properties. The artificial samples prepared using this method are close to natural samples in terms of physical, mechanical, and seepage characteristics, and can be mass-produced quickly, conveniently, and at low cost, providing a guarantee for conducting large-scale oil sands mechanical and seepage experiments.

[0083] Example 2:

[0084] According to another embodiment of the method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone of the present invention, the sample preparation steps, working principle, and beneficial effects are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The difference lies in the sampling location, physical properties, and composition of the natural oil sand samples:

[0085] In this embodiment, the natural oil sands were obtained from the Alberta region, and the volume of the standard core column was V = 24.53 cm³. 3 The mass is m = 54.21 g, and the density is ρ = 2.21 g / cm³. 3 .

[0086] In this embodiment, the volume V of water in the natural standard rock core is... w =1.87cm 3 The mass of the water is m w = 1.87g; Volume of oil V o =5.49cm 3 The mass of the oil is m o = 5.60g; the mass of the dried rock sample is m s = 46.74g.

[0087] In this embodiment, the porosity Φ = (V o +V w ) / V=(5.49+1.87) / 24.53=30%, water saturation S w =V w / (V o +V w =1.87 / (5.49+1.87) = 25.41%, oil saturation S o =V o / (V o +V w )=5.49 / (5.49+1.87)=74.59%, oil to solid residue mass ratio s=m o / m s =5.60 / 46.74 = 11.98%.

[0088] In this embodiment, the viscosities of crude oil at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ are η1=642000mPa·s, η2=9070mPa·s, and η3=130mPa·s, respectively.

[0089] In this embodiment, the solid residue was removed, and the amount of non-clay minerals was measured to be m1 = 44.40 g, and the amount of clay minerals was measured to be m2 = 2.34 g. The ratio of non-clay minerals to clay minerals was k = m1 / m2 = 44.40 / 2.34 = 18.97. The non-clay minerals accounted for 95.0% of the total solid content by mass, and the approximate mass percentages of different types of non-clay minerals were: quartz 40%, tuff 20%, and feldspar 35%. The clay minerals accounted for 5.0% of the total solid content by mass, and the approximate mass percentages of different types of clay minerals were: chlorite 2.1%, illite 1.2%, kaolinite 1.0%, and illite-saturated mixed-layer 0.7%.

[0090] In this embodiment, a laser nanoparticle size analyzer is used to analyze the particle size of non-clay minerals. For particle sizes ranging from 10µm to 1000µm, the cumulative mass contents corresponding to 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000µm were 0%, 0%, 0%, 5.02%, 9.85%, 14.87%, 87.13%, 93.96%, 95.21%, 98.42%, and 100%, respectively. The calculated mass contents of particles with sizes of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000µm were 0%, 0%, 0%, 5.02%, 4.83%, 5.02%, 72.26%, 6.83%, 1.25%, 3.21%, and 1.58%, respectively.

[0091] In this embodiment, the viscosities of the selected epoxy resin adhesive at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ are η′1=610000mPa·s, η′2=8050mPa·s, and η′3=115mPa·s, respectively. Therefore, the absolute value of the average error is (|η′1-η1| / η1+|η′2-η2| / η2+|η′3-η3| / η3) / 3=(|610000-642000| / 642000+|8050-9070| / 9070+|115-130| / 130) / 3=9.26%<10%, indicating that the epoxy resin adhesive can replace the natural bitumen in oil sands.

[0092] In this embodiment, the masses of quartz particles with particle sizes of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μm were 0, 0, 0, 2.29, 2.14, 2.23, 32.08, 3.03, 0.55, 1.42, and 0.70 kg, respectively, were mixed evenly, resulting in a total of 44.40 kg of non-clay mineral particles; the masses of chlorite, illite, kaolinite, and illite-montmorillonite mixed layers were 0.98, 0.56, 0.47, and 0.33 kg, respectively, were mixed evenly, resulting in a total of 2.34 kg of clay minerals.

[0093] In this embodiment, to prepare a batch of artificial sample raw materials with the same composition as the natural sample, a clay cement with a mass of n1 = 1.17 kg is weighed. Therefore, the required mass of non-clay mineral particles is n2 = n1 × k = 1.17 × 18.97 = 22.19 kg, and the required mass of epoxy resin is m. e =(n1+n2)×s=(1.17+22.19)×11.98%=2.80kg; The epoxy resin glue, mud cement, and non-clay mineral particles weighed in proportion are stirred at high temperature and mixed evenly to serve as a loose sample for pressing artificial rock cores.

[0094] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, an artificial standard rock core with dimensions of 25mm × 50mm (diameter × length) was prepared using a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold. The mass of the core was measured as m′=ρ×V. e =2.21g / cm 3 ×24.53cm 3 =54.21g of artificial sample raw material was used to prepare a standard artificial rock core in a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold by manually compacting it layer by layer, with compaction performed in five stages. Figure 6As shown, first, apply a layer of lubricating oil evenly inside the sleeve, then place the sleeve into the circular groove of the base, ensuring close contact between the bottom of the sleeve and the bottom of the groove. Next, weigh out 10.84g of the artificial sample material and place it into the sleeve, spreading it evenly. Place the solid column into the sleeve, and manually push the solid column to initially compact the sample. Measure the distance h between the top of the solid column and the top of the sleeve; h = 10.4mm > 10mm. Continue to compact the sample using a counterweight until h = 10mm. After h reaches 10mm, remove the solid column, place another 10.84g of the artificial sample material into the sleeve, spread it evenly, and place the solid column back into the sleeve to compact the sample until h = 10mm. Once h equals 20mm; after h reaches 20mm, remove the solid column, place 10.84g of artificial sample raw material (m′ / 5=10.84g) into the sleeve and flatten it, then place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 30mm; after h reaches 30mm, remove the solid column, place 10.84g of artificial sample raw material (m′ / 5=10.84g) into the sleeve and flatten it, then place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 40mm; after h reaches 40mm, remove the solid column, continue to weigh 10.84g of artificial sample raw material (m′ / 5=10.84g) into the sleeve and flatten it, then place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 50mm.

[0095] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 As shown, after compressing a loose sample with a mass of m′=50.21g into a standard rock core column with a length of 50mm, the sleeve containing the artificial rock core column is removed from the circular groove of the base; the solid column is placed directly below the sleeve, aligning the axis of the standard rock core column with the axis of the solid column, and the sleeve is slowly pushed by hand until the artificial rock sample is fully exposed. The artificial rock sample is then removed, and the preparation is complete.

[0096] Example 3:

[0097] Another embodiment of the method for simulating oil sand samples by cementing sandstone with epoxy resin according to the present invention has the same sample preparation steps, working principle, and beneficial effects as in Embodiment 1, except for the selection of epoxy resin:

[0098] In this embodiment, the viscosity of the epoxy resin adhesive selected for the first time at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ is η′1=2.0×10⁻⁶. 6 mPa·s, η′2=2.8×10 4 mPa·s and η′3=550mPa·s, the absolute value of the average error = (|η′1-η1| / η1+|η′2-η2| / η2+|η′3-η3| / η3) / 3=(|2.0×10 6 -2.5×10 6 | / (2.5×10 6 )+|2.8×104 -3.5×10 4 | / (3.5×10 4 The value of ()+|550-600| / 600) / 3 = 16.11% > 10%, indicating a large error between the viscosity of the epoxy resin and crude oil, which cannot simulate the fluidity of crude oil.

[0099] After adding the thickener, the viscosities of the epoxy resin adhesive at 20℃, 50℃, and 100℃ were measured to be η′1=2.3×10⁻⁶. 6 mPa·s, η′2=3.0×10 4 mPa·s and η′3=565mPa·s, calculate the absolute value of the average error again: =(|η′1-η1| / η1+|η′2-η2| / η2+|η′3-η3| / η3) / 3=(|2.3×10 6 -2.5×10 6 | / (2.5×10 6 )+|3.0×10 4 -3.5×10 4 | / (3.5×10 4 )+|565-600| / 600) / 3=9.37%<10%, at this point it is considered that the epoxy resin adhesive can replace the natural bitumen in the oil sands.

[0100] Example 4:

[0101] According to another embodiment of the method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone, the sample preparation steps, working principle, and beneficial effects are the same as in Embodiment 1, except that the size of the prepared artificial sample is different.

[0102] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold is used to press an artificial standard rock core with dimensions of 38mm × 76mm (diameter × length), wherein the effective volume of the sleeve is V. e =86.15cm 3 .

[0103] Weigh out the mass as m′=ρ×V e =2.04g / cm 3 ×86.15cm 3 =175.75g of artificial sample raw material was used to prepare a standard artificial rock core in a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold, using a manual layer-by-layer compaction method, with compaction performed in five stages. For example... Figure 6As shown, first, apply a layer of lubricating oil evenly inside the sleeve, then place the sleeve into the circular groove of the base, ensuring close contact between the bottom of the sleeve and the bottom of the groove. Next, weigh out 35.15g of the artificial sample material and place it into the sleeve, spreading it evenly. Place the solid column into the sleeve, and initially compact the sample by manually pushing the solid column. Measure the distance h between the top of the solid column and the top of the sleeve; h = 16mm > 15.2mm. Continue to compact the sample using a counterweight until h = 15.2mm. After h reaches 15.2mm, remove the solid column, place another 35.15g of the artificial sample material into the sleeve, spreading it evenly. Place the solid column back into the sleeve and compact the sample until h equals 30mm. After h reaches 30.4 mm, remove the solid column, place 35.15 g of artificial sample raw material (m′ / 5 = 35.15 g) into the sleeve and flatten it. Place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 45.6 mm. After h reaches 45.6 mm, remove the solid column, place 35.15 g of artificial sample raw material (m′ / 5 = 35.15 g) into the sleeve and flatten it. Place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 60.8 mm. After h reaches 60.8 mm, remove the solid column, continue to weigh 35.15 g of artificial sample raw material (m′ / 5 = 35.15 g) into the sleeve and flatten it. Place the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 76 mm.

[0104] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 As shown, after compressing the bulk sample with a mass of m′=175.75g into a standard rock core column with a length of 76mm, the sleeve containing the artificial rock core column is removed from the circular groove of the base; the solid column is placed directly below the sleeve, aligning the axis of the standard rock core column with the axis of the solid column, and the sleeve is slowly pushed by hand until the artificial rock sample is fully exposed. The artificial rock sample is then removed, and the preparation is complete.

Claims

1. A method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Take a standard cylindrical sample of natural oil sand, measure its mass m and volume V, and obtain its density ρ=m / V; Step 2: Heat the rock sample containing oil and water to convert the oil and water in the core into oil and water vapor, which is then condensed and collected in a graduated cylinder. The oil volume V is then recorded. o Water volume V w Oil quality m o Water quality m w ; The collected solid residue was measured to have a mass of m. s ; Step 3: Calculate porosity Φ=(V o +V w ) / V, water saturation S w =V w / (V o +V w Oil saturation S o =V o / (V o +V w The mass ratio of oil to solid residue is s=m. o / m s ; Step 4: Take out the collected crude oil and test the viscosity-temperature relationship curve; Step 5: Take out the collected solid residue and analyze the composition and content of non-clay minerals and clay minerals. Measure the amount of non-clay minerals as m1 and the amount of clay minerals as m2. The ratio of non-clay minerals to clay minerals is k=m1 / m2. Step 6: Perform particle size analysis on non-clay minerals to obtain particle size distribution curves and the mass ratio of particles of different sizes; perform content analysis on clay minerals of different types to obtain the mass ratio of different types of clay minerals. Step 7: Take epoxy resins with different epoxy values ​​and add appropriate amounts of additives to prepare epoxy resin adhesive; measure the epoxy resin adhesive at 20°C. o C, 50 o C, 100 o The viscosity at temperature C was compared with the viscosity of natural asphalt, when both were at 20°C. o C, 50 o C, 100 o When the average viscosity error at time C does not exceed 10%, the epoxy resin adhesive is considered to replace the natural bitumen in the oil sands. Step 8: Based on the measured non-clay mineral particle size curve, prepare non-clay mineral particles of different sizes that match the natural oil sands and mix them evenly; based on the mass ratio of different types of clay mineral components, prepare muddy cement that matches the natural oil sands and mix them evenly. Step Nine: Prepare a batch of artificial sample raw materials with the same composition as the natural sample. Weigh out a clay cement with a mass of n1. Then, the mass of non-clay mineral particles to be weighed is n2 = n1 × k, and the mass of epoxy resin adhesive required is m. e =(n1+n2)×s; Under high temperature, the epoxy resin glue, clay cement, and non-clay mineral particles weighed in proportion are stirred and mixed evenly to obtain the raw material for the artificial sample. Step 10: Design a standard cylindrical core pressing mold, including a base, sleeve, solid column, and counterweight assembly, wherein the effective volume of the sleeve is V. e ; Step 11: Weigh out the mass as m′=ρ×V e The artificial sample raw materials are prepared by manually compacting them layer by layer in a cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold. The compaction is carried out in five stages. Each time, the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5 is weighed and compressed into a cylinder with a height of L / 5 in the mold. L is the length of the artificial rock core when the pressing is completed. The height of the sample in the sleeve is determined by the length of the solid column exposed in the sleeve. With the assistance of counterweight, when it is difficult for the sample in the sleeve to reach the predetermined length by manual compaction, a mechanical press is used for operation.

2. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the standard cylindrical sample of natural oil sands needs to be prepared from -20°C. o The standard cylindrical sample, taken from freezer C, refers to a cylinder with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 50 mm. The volume of the cylinder is calculated using the formula V = πL × D. 2 / 4, where L is the length of the cylinder and D is the diameter of the cylinder.

3. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, a standard cylindrical sample of natural oil sands is placed into a clean core cylinder, which is then placed in a tubular vertical electric furnace. The temperature sensor probe is inserted into the temperature sensor socket. A clean graduated cylinder of mass n0 is placed below the instrument's outlet, and the cold water circulation is turned on. The power switch is turned on, and the initial temperature is set to 120°C. o C, When the volume of water in the graduated cylinder no longer increases, read the volume V of the water after 30 minutes. w If the mass of the graduated cylinder containing water is n1, then the mass of the water is m. w =n1-n0; Place another clean graduated cylinder with mass a0 below the liquid outlet of the instrument, and raise the temperature to 300. o C. Heat for 30 minutes, until the volume of the oil in the graduated cylinder no longer increases. Turn off the power, and after 10 minutes, turn off the cold water circulation. Read the oil volume V. o If the mass of the graduated cylinder containing oil is a1, then the mass of the oil is m. o =a1-a0; Remove the temperature sensor and core cylinder from the electric furnace, cool them with cold water, remove the dry rock sample from the core cylinder, and weigh its mass as m. s .

4. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the dynamic viscosity of crude oil is measured in the temperature range of 20 ℃ to 100 ℃. The viscosity is measured every 20 ℃. A scatter plot is drawn with temperature as the abscissa and dynamic viscosity as the ordinate, where the ordinate is a logarithmic coordinate with base 10. The scatter plot is connected by a smooth curve to form the viscosity-temperature curve of crude oil.

5. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, whole-rock XRD and clay XRD experiments are performed. The former is to obtain the composition ratio of all non-clay minerals and clay minerals as a whole, while the latter is to further accurately quantify the percentage of each clay mineral. The non-clay minerals refer to quartz, feldspar, dolomite, calcite, anhydrite, gypsum, pyrite, and siderite, while the clay minerals refer to illite-montmorillonite mixed layer, illite, kaolinite, and chlorite.

6. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step six, the x-axis of the particle size distribution curve represents the particle size of non-clay mineral particles, and the y-axis represents the weight percentage of all particles smaller than that particle size. The x-axis is a logarithmic coordinate with base 10. Based on mining experience, the particle size range of sandstone particles is 10 μm to 1000 mm. Four numbers are taken from the x-axis between 10 μm and 100 μm: 20, 40, 60, and 80. Four numbers are taken from the x-axis between 100 μm and 1000 μm: 200, 400, 600, and 800. These are then added to the numbers 10, 100, and 1000, and arranged in ascending order to obtain 11 x-axis values ​​and corresponding 11 y-axis values. The mass fraction of the particle size corresponding to the current x-axis value is obtained by subtracting the previous y-axis value from the current y-axis value. This process is repeated to obtain the mass fraction and proportion corresponding to each particle size.

7. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step seven, the viscosity of the epoxy resin is compared with that of crude oil according to the viscosity indicated in the epoxy resin product manual to determine the epoxy value and various additives; the method for obtaining the viscosity of the epoxy resin is the same as the method for obtaining the viscosity of crude oil in step four. In step seven, the crude oil was measured at 20... o C, 50 o C, 100 o The viscosities at C are η1, η2, and η3, respectively, and the epoxy resin adhesive at 20... o C, 50 o C, 100 o The viscosities at C are η′1, η′2, and η′3, respectively. When (|η′1-η1| / η1+|η′2-η2| / η2+|η′3-η3| / η3) / 3 < 10%, it is considered that the epoxy resin adhesive replaces the natural bitumen in the oil sands; otherwise, the epoxy value, additive type, and content of the epoxy resin are adjusted, and the average error is recalculated until the requirements are met.

8. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step eight, based on the mass fractions and proportions corresponding to the 11 particle sizes obtained in step six, non-clay mineral particles consistent with the particle size distribution pattern of natural oil sands are configured. For ease of configuration, non-clay minerals are approximated by quartz particles of different sizes. Based on the composition and specific gravity of different types of clay minerals obtained in step six, clay mineral components consistent with the types and contents of argillaceous cementitious materials in natural oil sands are configured. To simulate the influence of different types of clay mineral components, i.e., argillaceous components, on the physical, mechanical, and seepage properties of reservoir rocks, different types of clay minerals are used and configured according to the mass proportion of each clay mineral.

9. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step nine, the artificial sample raw material refers to a loose sample in which epoxy resin glue and clay cement, i.e., clay minerals and non-clay mineral particles are mixed in a predetermined ratio. This loose sample is used for subsequent standard artificial rock core pressing. The particle size distribution of non-clay minerals, the types and specific gravities of clay minerals, the content and viscosity of epoxy resin glue in this loose sample are consistent with those of natural samples.

10. A method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step ten, the cylindrical standard rock core pressing mold is made of steel, and two sizes of artificial standard rock cores are made: one with a diameter of 25 mm × length of 50 mm and the other with a diameter of 38 mm × length of 76 mm. In step ten, when pressing an artificial standard rock core with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 50 mm, the base consists of two parts: a base plate and a base groove. The base plate is a square steel plate with a thickness of 2 cm and a side length of 20 cm, which supports and fixes the mold by its own weight. The base groove is welded to the center of the base plate and is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 27 mm, an outer diameter of 29 mm, and a height of 25 mm. The sleeve is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 25 mm, an outer diameter of 27 mm, and a height of 50 mm. The solid column is a solid steel cylinder with a diameter of 25 mm and a height of 50 mm. The counterweight is a weight applied to the solid column to apply axial load. In step ten, when pressing an artificial standard rock core with a diameter of 38 mm and a length of 76 mm, the base consists of two parts: a base plate and a base groove. The base plate is a square steel plate with a thickness of 2 cm and a side length of 20 cm, which supports and fixes the mold by its own weight. The base groove is welded to the center of the base plate and is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 40 mm, an outer diameter of 42 mm, and a height of 38 mm. The sleeve is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 38 mm, an outer diameter of 40 mm, and a height of 76 mm. The solid column is a solid steel cylinder with a diameter of 38 mm and a height of 76 mm. The counterweight is a weight applied to the solid column to apply axial load.

11. The method for simulating oil sand samples using epoxy resin-bonded sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step eleven, firstly, a layer of lubricating oil is evenly applied to the inside of the sleeve. The sleeve is then placed into the circular groove of the base, ensuring close contact between the bottom of the sleeve and the bottom of the groove. Next, a portion of the artificial sample material with a mass of m′ / 5 is weighed, placed into the sleeve, and flattened. A solid column is then placed into the sleeve, and the sample is initially compacted by manually pushing the solid column. The distance h between the top of the solid column and the top of the sleeve is measured. When the distance h is greater than L / 5, where L is the length of the artificial rock core, the sample is further compacted using counterweights until h equals L / 5. After h reaches L / 5, the solid column is removed, and another portion of the artificial sample material with a mass of m′ / 5 is placed into the sleeve and flattened. The solid column is then placed into the sleeve, and the sample is compacted until h equals 2L / 5. After h reaches 2L / 5, the solid column is removed, and another portion of the artificial sample material with a mass of m′ / 5 is placed into the sleeve and flattened. The solid column is then placed into the sleeve, and the sample is compacted until h equals 3L / 5 mm. After mm, remove the solid column, put the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5 into the sleeve and flatten it, put the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals 4L / 5 mm; after h reaches 4L / 5, remove the solid column, continue to weigh the artificial sample raw material with a mass of m′ / 5, put it into the sleeve and flatten it, put the solid column into the sleeve and compact the loose sample until h equals L; In step eleven, after compressing the bulk sample with mass m′ into a standard core column with length L, the sleeve containing the artificial core column is removed from the circular groove of the base; the solid column is placed directly below the sleeve, aligning the axis of the standard core column with the axis of the solid column, and the sleeve is slowly pushed downwards by hand until the artificial rock sample is fully exposed. The artificial rock sample is then removed, and the sample preparation is complete.

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