A two-stage seedling raising method for direct seeding of oleander

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-stage seeding method for direct seeding of hairy calyx chayote, and relates to the field of planting. The method comprises the following steps: seeding preparation; direct seeding; seedling raising; seedling lifting and nursery. The invention effectively improves the germination rate and survival rate of hairy calyx chayote seeding, improves the quality of hairy calyx chayote seedlings, and reduces the cost of seeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a two-stage seedling raising method for direct seeding of oleander seeds. Technical Background

[0002] Rabdosia eriocalyx, Latin name: Rabdosia eriocalyx, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Rabdosia in the family Lamiaceae. Its stems and leaves are used as medicine. It tastes pungent and bitter, is cool in nature, and enters the liver and kidney meridians. It has the effects of clearing away heat and dampness, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, detoxifying and reducing swelling. It is mainly used to treat damp-heat jaundice, gonorrhea, edema, sore throat, joint pain, amenorrhea, mastitis, hemorrhoids, back pain, trauma, snake bites, etc. Modern research shows that Rabdosia eriocalyx contains diterpenes, triterpenes and flavonoids, especially rich in en-kaurane diterpenes, and has a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. Rabdosia eriocalyx ethanol extract has a certain antiviral effect and has a good inhibitory effect on influenza A virus H1N1. The traditional Chinese medicine Mao'e Xiangchacai Qingre Liyan Tablets, successfully researched by Academician Sun Handong of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has proven its efficacy in clinical applications and is favored by patients. This product is currently an exclusive variety produced by Hongyun Group, a leading pharmaceutical company in Yuxi.

[0003] The main production areas of Maocalyx chayote are Yuxi, Kunming, Chuxiong, Dali, Lijiang, Honghe, Banna and other places in Yunnan, and Xingyi, Guizhou. It is mainly distributed in the area with an altitude of 750-2600 meters, and often grows in the sunny places on the hillside and in the bushes. With the development and application of new products, the market demand for Maocalyx chayote is increasing rapidly, the raw materials are in short supply, and the wild resources are decreasing sharply. So far, Maocalyx chayote has been produced from wild resources without artificial cultivation. It is urgent to protect wild resources through artificial domestication and cultivation to ensure the supply of raw materials.

[0004] The first problem to be solved in artificial domestication cultivation is seedling propagation. During the domestication process, it was found that the propagation methods of hairy calyx tea leaves such as division and cuttings have low propagation coefficients, low survival rates, and long time required. If seeds are used for propagation, large quantities of seedlings can be obtained in a short time, reducing the cost of seedling cultivation. However, it has been proven that the germination rate of traditional seed direct seeding is very low, only about 35%. If you are not careful during the seedling cultivation process, the whole army will be wiped out, and not a single seed will be left.

[0005] Research has found that the seeds of C. pubescens are very small, with a thousand-grain weight of 0.15-0.18g, no endosperm, and strict requirements for germination conditions. They are sensitive to external environmental conditions after germination. During the seedling cultivation process, it is necessary to study the environmental conditions suitable for seed germination and seedling growth of C. pubescens in order to achieve mass and efficient seedling cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a two-stage seedling raising method for hairy-calyx chrysanthemum, which comprises firstly direct seeding seedling raising and then transplanting seedling raising, thereby improving the emergence rate and survival rate of hairy-calyx chrysanthemum, while improving the seedling quality and seedling raising controllability, and reducing the seedling raising cost.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A two-stage seedling raising method of direct seeding of oleander seeds comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step (1) Seedling preparation

[0010] Prepare direct seedling trays, temporary planting seedling trays, direct seedling substrates, and temporary planting seedling substrates; wherein the direct seedling substrate is a mixture of peat and desalinated coconut bran in a certain volume ratio; the temporary planting seedling substrate is a mixture of peat, perlite, and organic fertilizer in a certain volume ratio;

[0011] Step (2) Direct seeding

[0012] Place the prepared seedling medium in the seedling tray, compact it lightly, evenly spread the seeds in the seedling tray, spray fungicide, cover with plastic wrap to seal and keep moisture, and place in the greenhouse for germination and seedling raising;

[0013] The daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-30°C, the light is 3000-8000lx, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 14-18°C; after 4-5 days of seedling cultivation, the seeds germinate; after 10-12 days, the cotyledons unfold, the plastic wrap is removed, the seeds are exposed to natural light, and the shade is 40-50%. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 15-28°C, the air humidity is controlled at 60-90%, and the nutrient solution is sprayed every 4-5 days to keep the seedling medium moist; after 20-22 days of seedling cultivation, the first pair of true leaves unfold, and the second pair of true leaves are exposed;

[0014] Step (3) Planting and raising seedlings

[0015] Put the transplanting seedling substrate into the transplanting seedling tray; squeeze out a small hole in the center of the hole, gently pry up the seedlings cultivated by direct seeding, transplant them with the substrate into the transplanting seedling tray, press lightly with fingers to make the roots and soil close, the transplanting depth is based on the cotyledons exposed on the soil surface, and spray fungicides; during the transplanting period, shade 30-40%, control the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-28°C, control the air humidity to 70-90%, spray water at 5-6 pm every day to keep the substrate moist, and spray nutrient solution every 4-5 days;

[0016] Step (4) Seedling removal

[0017] After 18-20 days of transplanting, when the seedlings are 40 days old and the third pair of true leaves are fully unfolded and the fourth pair of true leaves are exposed, they have reached the seedling standard and can be transplanted to the field in time.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (1), the specification of the direct seeding seedling tray is a 170*110 flat-bottomed white transparent plastic tray, and the specification of the temporary planting seedling tray is a 545*280*72-hole black plastic seedling tray.

[0019] Further, in step (1), the direct seeding seedling medium is: the peat for seedling cultivation is crushed and sieved to remove impurities, leaving peat with a particle size of 1-3 mm, and tap water is added to stir evenly, and the moisture of the medium reaches the point where it can be kneaded into a ball by hand, and then dropped and scattered to obtain the direct seeding seedling medium;

[0020] Transplanting seedling medium: Crush and sieve the peat for seedling cultivation to remove impurities, leaving the peat with a particle size of 1-3mm, mix the peat, perlite: organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 7-8:3-2:0.5-1, add tap water and stir evenly, the moisture of the medium should reach the point where it can be squeezed into a ball by hand, and then it falls and scatters to obtain the transplanting seedling medium.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), the prepared direct seeding seedling medium is placed in the direct seeding seedling tray, 70 g per tray, the seeds are evenly sown in the seedling tray, 0.05 g of seeds per tray, sprayed with 1000 times of carbendazim, covered with plastic wrap to seal and retain moisture, and placed in a greenhouse for germination and seedling raising.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (3), a transplanting seedling substrate is placed in a transplanting seedling tray, 750-800 g per tray; a small hole is squeezed out in the center of the hole with a bamboo stick, the seedlings cultivated by direct seeding are gently pried up with the bamboo stick, and the seedlings with the substrate are transplanted into the transplanting seedling tray. The roots and soil are gently pressed with fingers to make the roots close to the soil. The transplanting depth is based on the cotyledons being exposed above the soil surface, and 1000 times of carbendazim is sprayed.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. In the germination period of the seeds of the hairy-calyx fragrant tea, the present invention provides suitable temperature, humidity, light and other conditions for seed germination through a seedling greenhouse, sealing with plastic wrap, and adjusting the shading rate of the greenhouse. The seeds germinate quickly and evenly, and the emergence rate is greatly improved to 98.5%.

[0025] 2. The present invention provides temperature, humidity, light and nutrition conditions suitable for the growth of seedlings by means of a seedling greenhouse, spraying water at 5-6 pm every day to keep the substrate moist, adjusting the shading rate of the greenhouse, adding organic fertilizer to the seedling substrate, spraying nutrient solution every 4-5 days and other measures during the growth period of the seedlings of the hairy-calyx fragrant tea. The seedlings grow fast and strong, and the seedling rate reaches 100.0%.

[0026] 3. The hairy-calyx fragrant tea seedlings bred by the present invention through seedling tray transplanting have a developed root system, strong seedlings, no damage when transplanted to the field, and a high survival rate of nearly 100%.

[0027] 4. The cost of raising seedlings per plant in the present invention is 0.20 yuan, while the cost of raising seedlings by traditional direct seeding is 0.50 yuan, which greatly reduces the cost of raising seedlings of the hairy-calyx fragrant tea.

[0028] 5. The present invention creates suitable environmental conditions for the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings of the hairy-calyx tea, and can mass-produce strong seedlings of the right age in only 40 days, thus providing technical support for the standardized production of the hairy-calyx tea. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.If specific techniques or conditions are not indicated in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or according to the product specification.If the manufacturer is not indicated in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified in the present invention, percentages represent mass fractions, ratios represent mass ratios, and concentrations represent mass concentrations.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The two-stage seedling raising method of direct seeding of the schisandra oleifera seeds of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0033] Step (1) Seedling preparation

[0034] Direct seeding seedling tray and temporary planting seedling tray: The specifications of the direct seeding seedling tray are 170*110 (mm) flat-bottomed white transparent plastic tray, and the specifications of the temporary planting seedling tray are 545*280*72 holes (mm) black plastic seedling tray.

[0035] Direct seeding seedling medium: Crush and sieve the peat for seedling cultivation to remove impurities, leaving peat with a particle size of 1-3mm, add tap water and stir evenly. The moisture of the medium should be enough to form a ball by hand, and then it will fall and spread out to obtain the direct seedling medium.

[0036] Transplanting seedling medium: Crush and sieve the peat for seedling cultivation to remove impurities, leaving peat with a particle size of 1-3mm, mix peat, perlite and organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 7:2:1, add tap water and stir evenly, the moisture of the medium should reach the point where it can be squeezed into a ball by hand, and then it falls and scatters to obtain the transplanting seedling medium.

[0037] Step (2) Direct seeding

[0038] Place the prepared direct seeding seedling substrate in the direct seeding tray, 70g per tray, compact lightly, and evenly sow the seeds in the tray, 0.05g (about 200 seeds) per tray, spray 1000 times 50% carbendazim until the substrate is moistened, cover with plastic wrap to seal and retain moisture, and place in a greenhouse for germination and seedling raising.

[0039] The daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-30°C, the light is 3000-8000lx, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 14-18°C; after 4 days of seedling cultivation, the seeds germinate; after 10 days, the cotyledons unfold, the plastic wrap is removed, the seeds are exposed to natural light, and the shade is 40%. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 15-28°C, the air humidity is controlled at 60-90%, and the nutrient solution is sprayed every 5 days to keep the seedling medium moist; after 20 days of seedling cultivation, the first pair of true leaves unfold, and the second pair of true leaves are exposed.

[0040] Step (3) Planting and raising seedlings

[0041] Place 750g of transplanting seedling substrate in the transplanting seedling tray; use a bamboo stick to squeeze a small hole in the center of the hole, gently pry up the seedlings cultivated by direct seeding with the bamboo stick, transplant them with the substrate to the transplanting seedling tray, press lightly with fingers to make the roots and soil close together, the transplanting depth should be based on the cotyledons exposed above the soil surface, and spray 1000 times 50% carbendazim.

[0042] During the transplanting period, provide 40% shade, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-28°C, and the air humidity at 70-90%. Spray water at 5 pm every day to keep the substrate moist, and spray nutrient solution every 5 days.

[0043] Step (4) Seedling removal

[0044] After 20 days of transplanting, the seedlings are 40 days old. When the third pair of true leaves are fully unfolded and the fourth pair of true leaves are exposed, they have reached the standard of seedling maturity and can be transplanted to the field in time.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The two-stage seedling raising method of direct seeding of the schisandra oleifera seeds of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0047] Step (1) Seedling preparation

[0048] Direct seeding seedling tray and temporary planting seedling tray: The specifications of the direct seeding seedling tray are 170*110 (mm) flat-bottomed white transparent plastic tray, and the specifications of the temporary planting seedling tray are 545*280*72 holes (mm) black plastic seedling tray.

[0049] Direct seeding seedling medium: Crush and sieve the peat for seedling cultivation to remove impurities, leaving peat with a particle size of 1-3mm, add tap water and stir evenly. The moisture of the medium should be enough to form a ball by hand, and then it will fall and spread out to obtain the direct seedling medium.

[0050] Transplanting seedling matrix: Crush and sieve the peat for seedling cultivation to remove impurities, leaving peat with a particle size of 1-3mm, mix peat, perlite: organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 8:2:0.5, add tap water and stir evenly, the moisture of the matrix should reach the point where it can be squeezed into a ball by hand, and then it falls and scatters to obtain the transplanting seedling matrix.

[0051] Step (2) Direct seeding

[0052] Place the prepared direct seeding seedling substrate in the direct seeding tray, 70g per tray, compact lightly, and evenly sow the seeds in the tray, 0.05g (about 200 seeds) per tray, spray 1000 times 50% carbendazim until the substrate is moistened, cover with plastic wrap to seal and retain moisture, and place in a greenhouse for germination and seedling raising.

[0053] The daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-30°C, the light is 3000-8000lx, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 14-18°C; after 4 days of seedling cultivation, the seeds germinate; after 10 days, the cotyledons unfold, the plastic wrap is removed, the seeds are exposed to natural light, and the shade is 40%. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 15-28°C, the air humidity is controlled at 60-90%, and the nutrient solution is sprayed every 5 days to keep the seedling medium moist; after 20 days of seedling cultivation, the first pair of true leaves unfold, and the second pair of true leaves are exposed.

[0054] Step (3) Planting and raising seedlings

[0055] Place 750g of transplanting seedling substrate in the transplanting seedling tray; use a bamboo stick to squeeze a small hole in the center of the hole, gently pry up the seedlings cultivated by direct seeding with the bamboo stick, transplant them with the substrate to the transplanting seedling tray, press lightly with fingers to make the roots and soil close together, the transplanting depth should be based on the cotyledons exposed above the soil surface, and spray 1000 times 50% carbendazim.

[0056] During the transplanting period, provide 40% shade, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-28°C, and the air humidity at 70-90%. Spray water at 5 pm every day to keep the substrate moist, and spray nutrient solution every 5 days.

[0057] Step (4) Seedling removal

[0058] After 20 days of transplanting, the seedlings are 40 days old. When the third pair of true leaves are fully unfolded and the fourth pair of true leaves are exposed, they have reached the standard of seedling maturity and can be transplanted to the field in time.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] The two-stage seedling raising method of direct seeding of the schisandra oleifera seeds of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0061] Step (1) Seedling preparation

[0062] Direct seeding seedling tray and temporary planting seedling tray: The specifications of the direct seeding seedling tray are 170*110 (mm) flat-bottomed white transparent plastic tray, and the specifications of the temporary planting seedling tray are 545*280*72 holes (mm) black plastic seedling tray.

[0063] Direct seeding seedling medium: Crush and sieve the peat for seedling cultivation to remove impurities, leaving peat with a particle size of 1-3mm, add tap water and stir evenly. The moisture of the medium should be enough to form a ball by hand, and then it will fall and spread out to obtain the direct seedling medium.

[0064] Transplanting seedling matrix: Crush and sieve the peat for seedling cultivation to remove impurities, leaving peat with a particle size of 1-3mm, mix peat, perlite and organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 8:2:1, add tap water and stir evenly, the moisture of the matrix should be enough to form a ball by hand, and then it will fall and scatter to obtain the transplanting seedling matrix.

[0065] Step (2) Direct seeding

[0066] Place the prepared direct seeding seedling substrate in the direct seeding tray, 70g per tray, compact lightly, and evenly sow the seeds in the tray, 0.05g (about 200 seeds) per tray, spray 1000 times 50% carbendazim until the substrate is moistened, cover with plastic wrap to seal and retain moisture, and place in a greenhouse for germination and seedling raising.

[0067] The daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-30°C, the light is 3000-8000lx, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 14-18°C; after 4 days of seedling cultivation, the seeds germinate; after 10 days, the cotyledons unfold, the plastic wrap is removed, the seeds are exposed to natural light, and the shade is 40%. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 15-28°C, the air humidity is controlled at 60-90%, and the nutrient solution is sprayed every 5 days to keep the seedling medium moist; after 20 days of seedling cultivation, the first pair of true leaves unfold, and the second pair of true leaves are exposed.

[0068] Step (3) Planting and raising seedlings

[0069] Place 750g of transplanting seedling substrate in the transplanting seedling tray; use a bamboo stick to squeeze a small hole in the center of the hole, gently pry up the seedlings cultivated by direct seeding with the bamboo stick, transplant them with the substrate to the transplanting seedling tray, press lightly with fingers to make the roots and soil close together, the transplanting depth should be based on the cotyledons exposed above the soil surface, and spray 1000 times 50% carbendazim.

[0070] During the transplanting period, provide 40% shade, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-28°C, and the air humidity at 70-90%. Spray water at 5 pm every day to keep the substrate moist, and spray nutrient solution every 5 days.

[0071] Step (4) Seedling removal

[0072] After 20 days of transplanting, the seedlings are 40 days old. When the third pair of true leaves are fully unfolded and the fourth pair of true leaves are exposed, they have reached the standard of seedling maturity and can be transplanted to the field in time.

[0073] The effects of the above embodiment are as follows:

[0074] (1) Seedling emergence rate and seedling survival rate, see Table 1.

[0075] Table 1 Comparison of germination rate and seedling rate

[0076] According to the above embodiments, embodiment 1 adopts two-stage seeding with direct seeding, wherein the hedging matrix formula adopts peat, perlite: organic fertilizer volume ratio of 7:2:1, and the emergence rate of hairy calyx fragrant tea vegetable seeds is 98.5%, which is 33.5 percentage points higher than the emergence rate of 65.0% in the seedbed; the success rate of two-stage seeding with direct seeding is 99.0%, which is 63.5 percentage points higher than the success rate of 35.5% in the seedbed. Embodiment 2 adopts two-stage seeding with direct seeding, wherein the hedging matrix formula adopts peat, perlite: organic fertilizer volume ratio of 8:2:0.5, and the emergence rate of hairy calyx fragrant tea vegetable seeds is 99.2%, which is 34.2 percentage points higher than the emergence rate of 65.0% in the seedbed; the success rate of two-stage seeding with direct seeding is 99.8%, which is 64.3 percentage points higher than the success rate of 35.5% in the seedbed. Example 3 adopts two-stage seedling cultivation using direct seeding, wherein the transplanting matrix formula adopts peat, perlite: organic fertilizer volume ratio of 8:2:1, and the seed germination rate of hairy-calyx fragrant tea is 99.1%, which is 34.1 percentage points higher than the germination rate of 65.0% in the seedbed. The seedling success rate of the two-stage seedling cultivation using direct seeding is 99.9%, which is 64.4 percentage points higher than the seedling success rate of 35.5% in the seedbed.

[0077] (2) Seedling quality, see Table 2.

[0078] Table 2 Comparison of seedling quality effects

[0079]

[0080] (3) Seedling raising costs, see Table 3.

[0081] Table 3 Comparison of seedling cost effect

[0082]

[0083] According to the above embodiments, although the seedling raising process of embodiments 1, 2 and 3 is more complicated and the cost of agricultural materials such as the substrate is increased, the seedling rate is increased by 63.5-64.4 percentage points, and the comprehensive calculation of the cost of raising a single seedling is reduced by 0.02-0.04 yuan.

[0084] In the present invention, the selection of direct seeding and temporary planting seedling substrates, the adjustment of the shading degree of the seedling shed, temperature control, and the use of fungicides are the most critical:

[0085] Comparative test 1 Comparative test of different direct seeding substrates

[0086] At the beginning, the seedling emergence rate was only 65% ​​and the seedling survival rate was 35.5% when the vegetable garden soil was used as the matrix for direct seeding. Therefore, a matrix formula comparison test was conducted. The results showed that the direct seeding effect was good when the imported peat was used as the matrix, and the seedling survival rate and seedling quality were significantly improved, which solved the seedling matrix formula in the direct seeding stage. As shown in Table 4:

[0087] Table 4

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Comparative test 2: Comparative test of different seedling substrates and fertilizers

[0091] The stage of transplanting seedlings is significantly different from the stage of direct seeding seedlings. The amount of substrate and the level of nutrient supply required are doubled. It is necessary to consider reducing the substrate cost and increasing nutrition. Through the comparative test of different transplanting seedling substrates and fertilizers, the optimal formula combination was screened out: 7 parts peat + 2 parts perlite + 1 part organic fertilizer, which improves the quality of seedlings and reduces the cost of seedlings. As shown in Table 5:

[0092] Table 5

[0093]

[0094] Comparative experiment 3 Comparative experiment on direct seeding and seedling raising under different light conditions

[0095] During the seedling test, the phenomenon of tall seedlings appeared, the epicotyl was too long, and the seedlings were thin and weak. Considering that light intensity affects cell elongation, a comparative test under different light conditions was designed. The results showed that the problem of tall seedlings was effectively solved under the conditions of 30-40% shading in the seedling greenhouse, 2800 light intensity at 8:30 in the morning and 10500 light intensity at 14:30 in the afternoon, and the seedlings were strong. As shown in Table 6:

[0096] Table 6

[0097]

[0098] Comparative test 4: Comparative test on the use of fungicides

[0099] During the seedling raising test, a large number of seedlings died of disease 7-10 days after emergence. After sowing, a comparative test of spraying different pesticides was carried out. The results showed that the spraying of 50% carbendazim had the best effect, with a seedling rate of 91.67%, which effectively solved the problem of seedling death caused by disease. As shown in Table 7:

[0100] Table 7

[0101] Drugs and methods Number of seedlings per box Number of seedlings per box Seedling rate (%) 1000 times 50% carbendazim spray 180 165 91.67 1000 times Nail Polish Spray 180 160 88.89 1000 times 56% azoxystrobin·chlorothalonil spray 181 161 88.95 Clean water spray 182 32 17.58

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-stage seedling raising method for direct seeding of oleander, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step (1) Seedling preparation Prepare direct seeding trays, temporary planting trays, direct seeding substrates, and temporary planting substrates; Direct seeding seedling medium: crush and sieve the special peat for seedlings to remove impurities, leaving the peat with a particle size of 1-3mm, add tap water and stir evenly, and the medium humidity reaches the point where it can be squeezed into a ball by hand, and then it falls and spreads out to obtain the direct seeding medium; Transplanting seedling medium: crush and sieve the special peat for seedling cultivation, remove impurities, and leave the peat with a particle size of 1-3mm. Mix the peat, perlite and organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 7-8:3-2:0.5-1, add tap water and stir evenly. When the moisture of the medium reaches the point where it can be squeezed into a ball by hand, it falls and scatters to obtain the transplanting seedling medium. Step (2) Direct seeding Place the prepared seedling substrate in the seedling tray, compact it lightly, spread the seeds evenly in the seedling tray, spray 1000 times 50% carbendazim fungicide, cover with plastic wrap to seal and keep moisture, and place in the greenhouse for germination and seedling raising; The daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-30℃, the light is 3000-8000lx, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 14-18℃. After 4-5 days of seedling cultivation, the seeds germinate. After 10-12 days, the cotyledons unfold, the plastic wrap is removed, and the seeds are exposed to natural light and shaded by 40-50%. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 15-28℃, the air humidity is controlled at 60-90%, and the nutrient solution is sprayed every 4-5 days to keep the seedling medium moist. After 20-22 days of seedling cultivation, the first pair of true leaves unfold, and the second pair of true leaves are exposed. Step (3) Planting and raising seedlings Put the transplanting seedling substrate into the transplanting seedling tray; squeeze out a small hole in the center of the hole, gently pry up the seedlings cultivated by direct seeding, transplant them with the substrate into the transplanting seedling tray, press lightly with fingers to make the roots and soil close, the transplanting depth is based on the cotyledons exposed to the soil surface, spray 1000 times 50% carbendazim fungicide; shade 30-40% during the transplanting period, control the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-28℃, control the air humidity to 70-90%, spray water at 5-6 pm every day to keep the substrate moist, and spray nutrient solution every 4-5 days; Step (4) Seedling removal After 18-20 days of transplanting, when the seedlings are 40 days old and the third pair of true leaves are fully unfolded and the fourth pair of true leaves are exposed, they have reached the seedling standard and can be transplanted to the field in time.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the specification of the direct seeding seedling tray is a 170mm*110mm flat-bottomed white transparent plastic tray, and the specification of the temporary planting seedling tray is a 545mm*280mm*72-hole black plastic seedling tray.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the prepared direct seeding substrate is placed in a direct seeding tray, 70 g per tray, and the seeds are evenly sown in the tray, 0.05 g per tray. The tray is covered with plastic wrap to seal and retain moisture, and then placed in a greenhouse for germination and seedling raising.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), a transplanting seedling tray is filled with a transplanting seedling substrate, 750-800 g per tray; a small hole is squeezed out in the center of the hole with a bamboo stick, the seedlings cultivated by direct seeding are gently pried up with the bamboo stick, and the seedlings with the substrate are transplanted into the transplanting seedling tray. The roots are lightly pressed with fingers to make the soil close to the soil. The transplanting depth is based on the cotyledons being exposed above the soil surface.

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