Evaporation wall reactor with supercritical zone cooling water protection coil and protection method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of supercritical water oxidation reactors, specifically to an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil and a protection method. A side wall cooling water coil is provided in the gap between the upper porous evaporative wall and the reactor shell, cooling the high-temperature fluid in the gap, thereby protecting the upper porous evaporative wall and its corresponding reactor shell; a top cover cooling water coil is provided in the gap between the top cover protection baffle and the reactor top cover, cooling the high-temperature fluid in the gap, thereby protecting the reactor top cover. This patent effectively solves the overheating problem of the upper porous evaporative wall in the upper supercritical zone, the reactor shell corresponding to the upper porous evaporative wall, and the reactor top cover during the supercritical water oxidation treatment of hazardous organic waste in the evaporative wall reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of supercritical water oxidation reactors, in particular to an evaporation wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil and a protection method. Background Art

[0002] Supercritical water oxidation is an effective technology for degrading various hazardous organic wastes. However, because the solubility of most inorganic salts decreases rapidly near the critical point of water, some viscous inorganic salts tend to form lumps, which then adhere to the inner surfaces of reactors and pipelines, leading to system blockages and impeded heat transfer. Furthermore, supercritical water is more corrosive to metal materials than normal water. Furthermore, salt deposition can also have a synergistic effect on corrosion. Studies have shown that sulfate deposited in supercritical water can increase the corrosion rate of alloys.

[0003] Evaporative wall reactors have been widely demonstrated to effectively mitigate corrosion and salt deposition during supercritical water oxidation. Low-temperature evaporating water / gas forms a subcritical water / gas film on the inner surface of the evaporative wall, preventing acids from contacting the wall and dissolving inorganic salts formed in the supercritical region, effectively preventing corrosion and salt deposition. Numerous researchers are currently dedicated to the development, research, and optimization of evaporative wall reactors, and it is generally agreed that the formation of a continuous, uniform subcritical water / gas film is key to preventing corrosion and salt deposition in evaporative wall reactors.

[0004] The invention patent with application number 201610807760.2 is named "A Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor". This patent uses a non-porous tube in the upper supercritical zone to solve the problems of corrosion, salt deposition and high-temperature overheating of the evaporation wall reactor. However, this patent cannot form a layer of water film inside the upper non-porous tube, which makes it difficult to flush out the inorganic salts and corrosive substances formed, which will seriously damage the non-porous tube.

[0005] The invention patent application number is 201510045018.8, and its name is "A supercritical water oxidation system and reaction process using air as a protective membrane." This patent uses air as a protective membrane for the evaporation wall reactor, but it cannot solve the overheating problem of the supercritical zone on the evaporation wall reactor, which will seriously damage the upper porous evaporation wall and the reactor top cover.

[0006] The invention patent application number is 201210163868.4, and its name is "Supercritical water oxidation fluid injection and production system with nitrogen as protective membrane and its process". This patent uses nitrogen as the protective membrane of the evaporation wall reactor, but the purpose of this patent is to use the generated multi-element fluid to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, thereby increasing the oil recovery rate. It does not mention the damage to the reactor shell, reactor top cover and porous evaporation wall caused by overheating of the supercritical zone on the evaporation wall reactor.

[0007] The invention patent with application number 202010675971.1 is named "A supercritical water oxidation evaporation wall reactor". Although this patent transforms and upgrades the structure of the evaporation wall reactor to form an excellent water film, it does not mention the overheating protection problem of the upper supercritical zone reactor shell, reactor top cover and porous evaporation wall. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil and a protection method, so as to solve the technical problem of overheating of the upper supercritical zone reactor shell, porous evaporative wall and reactor top cover during the supercritical water oxidation treatment of hazardous organic waste in the evaporative wall reactor in the prior art.

[0009] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] An evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil comprises a reactor top cover, a top cover cooling water coil, a side wall cooling water coil and a reactor shell;

[0011] The reactor top cover is arranged on the top of the reactor shell; the reactor top cover is provided with a top cover cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet;

[0012] An upper porous evaporation wall and a lower porous evaporation wall are radially arranged in the reactor shell, and an annular positioning baffle is provided on the inner wall of the reactor shell, which separates and positions the upper and lower porous evaporation walls. A gap is formed between the upper and lower porous evaporation walls and the reactor shell, and a sidewall nitrogen inlet and a sidewall cooling water inlet are respectively provided on the side wall of the upper porous evaporation wall corresponding to the reactor shell. A sidewall cooling water coil is spirally arranged around the upper porous evaporation wall, and the input end of the sidewall cooling water coil is connected to the sidewall cooling water inlet, and the output end is connected to the cooling water outlet. The bottom end of the lower porous evaporation wall is fixed to the bottom of the reactor shell and is fixed to the bottom of the reactor shell by an annular positioning retaining ring.

[0013] A top cover protection baffle is set on the top of the upper porous evaporation wall and is fixed on the top cover protection baffle by a locking screw. There is a gap between the top cover protection baffle and the reactor top cover; the top cover cooling water coil is assembled between the gap between the top cover protection baffle and the reactor top cover, wherein the input end of the top cover cooling water coil is connected to the top cover cooling water inlet, and the output end is connected to the cooling water outlet.

[0014] Preferably, the reactor top cover is further provided with a top cover nitrogen inlet and a material and oxidant inlet; the top cover nitrogen inlet is connected to the gap between the top cover protection baffle and the reactor top cover; the material and oxidant inlet is connected to the top cover protection baffle after passing through the gap between the top cover protection baffle and the reactor top cover.

[0015] Preferably, the side wall nitrogen inlet includes an upper side wall nitrogen inlet and a lower side wall nitrogen inlet on the side wall of the reactor shell, the upper side wall nitrogen inlet is close to the top of the upper porous evaporation wall, and the lower side wall nitrogen inlet is close to the annular positioning baffle.

[0016] Preferably, the annular positioning baffle separates the gaps between the upper and lower porous evaporation walls and the reactor shell into a nitrogen circulation area and an evaporated water circulation area, wherein the gap between the upper porous evaporation wall and the reactor shell is the nitrogen circulation area, and the gap between the lower porous evaporation wall and the reactor shell is the evaporated water circulation area.

[0017] Furthermore, an evaporation water inlet is provided at the side wall of the lower porous evaporation wall corresponding to the reactor shell; the evaporation water inlet includes an upper evaporation water inlet and a lower evaporation water inlet on the side wall of the reactor shell, wherein the upper evaporation water inlet is close to the annular positioning baffle.

[0018] Preferably, the porosity of the upper porous evaporation wall is set to 0.1-0.2, and the thickness is set to 3-4 mm; the porosity of the lower porous evaporation wall is set to 0.25-0.35, and the thickness is set to 2-2.5 mm; the porosity and thickness of the top cover protection baffle are set to 0 and 2-2.5 mm respectively.

[0019] Preferably, an ultrasonic generator is installed on the lower side of the outer wall of the reactor shell to accelerate the dissolution of the inorganic salt solid in the subcritical water.

[0020] A method for protecting an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical region cooling water protection coil is based on the evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical region cooling water protection coil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Cooling water enters from the side wall cooling water inlet of the reactor shell and the top cover cooling water inlet of the reactor top cover respectively; the cooling water flows into the side wall cooling water coil at the side wall cooling water inlet, and flows out from the cooling water outlet of the reactor top cover along the gap between the reactor shell and the upper porous evaporation wall in the side wall cooling water coil, thereby cooling the high-temperature fluid in the gap between the upper porous evaporation wall and the corresponding reactor shell; the cooling water flows into the top cover cooling water coil at the top cover cooling water inlet, and flows out from the cooling water outlet of the reactor top cover along the gap between the top cover protection baffle and the reactor top cover in the top cover cooling water coil, thereby cooling the high-temperature fluid in the gap between the reactor top cover and the top cover protection baffle.

[0022] Preferably, the cooling water temperature is set to 10-30°C.

[0023] Preferably, the high-temperature fluid after heat exchange flowing out of the cooling water outlet is preheated again to 280-310° C. and then introduced into the reactor shell through the evaporative water inlet to reduce energy consumption during the evaporative water preheating process.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] The present invention provides an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil. A side wall cooling water coil is provided in a gap between an upper porous evaporative wall and a reactor shell. Low-temperature cooling water flowing in the side wall cooling water coil has a cooling effect on a high-temperature fluid in the gap, thereby protecting the upper porous evaporative wall and a corresponding reactor shell; a top cover cooling water coil is provided in a gap between a top cover protection baffle and a reactor top cover. Low-temperature cooling water flowing in the top cover cooling water coil has a cooling effect on the high-temperature fluid in the gap, thereby protecting the reactor top cover. The invention effectively solves the overheating problem of the upper porous evaporative wall, the reactor shell corresponding to the upper porous evaporative wall, and the reactor top cover in the upper supercritical zone during supercritical water oxidation treatment of hazardous organic waste in the evaporative wall reactor.

[0026] Furthermore, by injecting nitrogen with lower specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity through the top cover nitrogen inlet provided on the reactor top cover and the side wall nitrogen inlet provided on the side wall of the reactor shell, the temperature disturbance in the core area of ​​the supercritical water oxidation reaction can be reduced.

[0027] Furthermore, the high-temperature fluid after heat exchange flowing out of the cooling water outlet is preheated again to 280-310° C. and then injected into the reactor shell through the evaporative water inlet, thereby reducing energy consumption during the evaporative water preheating process.

[0028] A protection method for an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil is disclosed. The method effectively solves the overheating problem by disposing the cooling water coil in the gap between the reactor shell and the upper porous evaporative wall, and in the gap between the reactor top cover and the top cover protection baffle, corresponding to the upper supercritical zone of the evaporative wall reactor. Furthermore, nitrogen gas with lower specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity is introduced into the upper zone to reduce temperature disturbances in the core zone of the supercritical water oxidation reaction. Furthermore, the high-temperature fluid after heat exchange, flowing out of the cooling water outlet, is introduced into the lower subcritical zone as evaporated water, thereby reducing energy consumption in the evaporated water preheating process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of the evaporative wall reactor with supercritical zone cooling water protection coil in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the top cover cooling water protection coil in the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1-clamping device; 2-capping bolt; 3-cooling water outlet; 4-top cover nitrogen inlet; 5-material and oxidant inlet; 6-reactor top cover; 7-top cover cooling water inlet; 8-annular graphite sealing ring; 9-annular gasket; 10-side wall nitrogen inlet; 11-side wall cooling water inlet; 12-evaporation water inlet; 13-top cover protection baffle; 14-top cover cooling water coil; 15-capping screw; 16-side wall cooling water coil; 17-upper porous evaporation wall; 18-annular positioning baffle; 19-lower porous evaporation wall; 20-reactor shell; 21-ultrasonic generator; 22-annular positioning retaining ring; 23-reactor outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0034] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0035] The present invention aims to provide an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil and a protection method, so as to solve the technical problem of overheating of the upper supercritical zone reactor shell, porous evaporative wall and reactor top cover during the supercritical water oxidation treatment of hazardous organic waste in the evaporative wall reactor in the prior art.

[0036] Specifically, the evaporative wall reactor is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes a reactor top cover 6, a top cover cooling water coil 14, a side wall cooling water coil 16 and a reactor shell 20;

[0037] The reactor top cover 6 is provided on the top of the reactor shell 20; the reactor top cover 6 is provided with a top cover cooling water inlet 7 and a cooling water outlet 3; the bottom of the reactor shell 20 is provided with a reactor outlet 23;

[0038] An upper porous evaporation wall 17 and a lower porous evaporation wall 19 are radially arranged in the reactor shell 20. An annular positioning baffle 18 is provided on the inner wall of the reactor shell 20 to separate and position the upper porous evaporation wall 17 and the lower porous evaporation wall 19. A gap exists between the upper porous evaporation wall 17 and the lower porous evaporation wall 19 and the reactor shell 20. A sidewall nitrogen inlet 10 and a sidewall cooling water inlet 11 are respectively provided on the side wall of the upper porous evaporation wall 17 corresponding to the reactor shell 20. A sidewall cooling water coil 16 is spirally arranged around the upper porous evaporation wall 17, with the input end of the sidewall cooling water coil 16 connected to the sidewall cooling water inlet 11 and the output end connected to the cooling water outlet 3. The bottom end of the lower porous evaporation wall 19 is fixed to the bottom of the reactor shell 20 and is fixed to the bottom of the reactor shell 20 by an annular positioning retaining ring 22.

[0039] In order to avoid direct contact between the reactor top cover and the high-temperature fluid, a top cover protection baffle 13 is set on the top of the upper porous evaporation wall 17 and fixed on the top cover protection baffle 13 by a locking screw 15. The porosity and thickness of the top cover protection baffle are set to 0 and 2 mm respectively. Eight locking screws are evenly arranged around the reactor axis. There is a gap between the top cover protection baffle 13 and the reactor top cover 6; the top cover cooling water coil 14 is assembled between the gap between the top cover protection baffle 13 and the reactor top cover 6, wherein the input end of the top cover cooling water coil 14 is connected to the top cover cooling water inlet 7, and the output end is connected to the cooling water outlet 3, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0040] Specifically, the reactor top cover 6 is also provided with a top cover nitrogen inlet 4 and a material and oxidant inlet 5; the top cover nitrogen inlet 4 is connected to the gap between the top cover protection baffle 13 and the reactor top cover 6; in order to ensure that nitrogen can be evenly distributed in the gap between the reactor top cover and the top cover protection baffle, thereby better protecting the reactor top cover from erosion by high-temperature fluid, 8 top cover nitrogen inlets are evenly arranged around the reactor axis; the material and oxidant inlet 5 is connected to the top cover protection baffle 13 after passing through the gap between the top cover protection baffle 13 and the reactor top cover 6.

[0041] Specifically, the side wall nitrogen inlet 10 includes an upper side wall nitrogen inlet and a lower side wall nitrogen inlet on the side wall of the reactor shell 20 , wherein the upper side wall nitrogen inlet is close to the top of the upper porous evaporation wall 17 , and the lower side wall nitrogen inlet is close to the annular positioning baffle 18 .

[0042] Specifically, the annular positioning baffle 18 separates the gap between the upper porous evaporation wall 17 and the lower porous evaporation wall 19 and the reactor shell 20 into a nitrogen flow area and an evaporated water flow area, wherein the gap between the upper porous evaporation wall 17 and the reactor shell 20 is the nitrogen flow area, and the gap between the lower porous evaporation wall 19 and the reactor shell 20 is the evaporated water flow area; wherein in the process of treating organic waste, the upper 1 / 3 area is generally formed in the reactor shell as a supercritical area and the lower 2 / 3 area is formed as a subcritical area, so the annular positioning baffle 18 is arranged at a position about 1 / 3 away from the reactor top cover, and the length of the upper porous evaporation wall is about 1 / 2 of the lower porous evaporation wall. In order to avoid temperature disturbance in the core area of ​​the supercritical water oxidation reaction caused by evaporating water, nitrogen, which has lower specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity than water, is introduced into the upper area of ​​the reactor as a protective film; since nitrogen has a lower viscosity and can easily pass through the evaporation wall, the porosity of the upper porous evaporation wall is set to 0.15 and the thickness is set to 3.5 mm; and the viscosity of water is higher than that of nitrogen, so the porosity of the lower porous evaporation wall is set to 0.3 and the thickness is set to 2 mm.

[0043] Among them, an evaporation water inlet 12 is provided at the side wall of the lower porous evaporation wall 19 corresponding to the reactor shell 20; the evaporation water inlet 12 includes an upper evaporation water inlet and a lower evaporation water inlet on the side wall of the reactor shell 20, wherein the upper evaporation water inlet is close to the annular positioning baffle 18, and the lower evaporation water inlet is located at a position approximately 1 / 3 away from the annular positioning baffle.

[0044] In the present invention, in order to form a uniformly distributed gas / water film after nitrogen and evaporated water are injected into the evaporative wall reactor, 8 nitrogen inlets and 8 evaporated water inlets on the side wall are evenly arranged up and down around the reactor axis.

[0045] Specifically, a clamping device 1 is provided on the top of the reactor top cover 6 and the reactor shell 20 , and the clamping device 1 is pressed on the reactor top cover 6 and the reactor shell 20 respectively through the locking bolts 2 .

[0046] The reactor shell 20 and the reactor top cover 6 are sealed by an annular graphite sealing ring 8 and are locked by a clamping device 1 and a locking bolt 2. An annular gasket 9 is provided between the locking bolt 2 and the reactor top cover 6 and the reactor shell 20. In order to make the sealing between the reactor top cover 6 and the reactor shell 20 better, 8 locking bolts 2 are evenly arranged above and below around the reactor axis.

[0047] Specifically, an ultrasonic generator 21 is installed on the outer side of the reactor shell 20 at the lower 1 / 3 of the outer wall thereof to accelerate the dissolution of the inorganic salt solid in the subcritical water.

[0048] The present invention also provides a method for protecting an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical region cooling water protection coil, based on the above-mentioned evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical region cooling water protection coil, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Cooling water enters the reactor shell 20 from the side wall cooling water inlet 11 and the top cover cooling water inlet 7 of the reactor top cover 6 respectively; the cooling water flows into the side wall cooling water coil 16 from the side wall cooling water inlet 11, and flows out from the cooling water outlet 3 of the reactor top cover 6 along the gap between the reactor shell 20 and the upper porous evaporation wall 17 in the side wall cooling water coil 16, thereby cooling the high-temperature fluid in the gap between the upper porous evaporation wall 17 and the corresponding reactor shell 20; the cooling water flows into the top cover cooling water coil 14 from the top cover cooling water inlet 7, and flows out from the cooling water outlet 3 of the reactor top cover 6 in the top cover cooling water coil 14 along the gap between the top cover protection baffle 13 and the reactor top cover 6, thereby cooling the high-temperature fluid in the gap between the reactor top cover 6 and the top cover protection baffle 13.

[0050] In the present invention, the high-temperature water flowing out of the cooling water outlet 3 is preheated again to 280-310°C and then introduced into the reactor through the evaporated water inlet 12. In order to avoid the temperature disturbance of the core area of ​​the supercritical water oxidation reaction by the evaporated water, nitrogen with lower specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity than water is introduced into the upper area of ​​the reactor as a protective film, that is, nitrogen is introduced into the top cover nitrogen inlet 4 and the side wall nitrogen inlet 10.

[0051] Example

[0052] This embodiment provides an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil, wherein the cooling process is as follows:

[0053] Cooling water at 20°C is introduced through the sidewall cooling water inlet 11 of the reactor shell 20 and the reactor top cover cooling water inlet 7. The cooling water enters the sidewall cooling water coil 16 and the top cover cooling water coil 14, respectively, to remove heat from the high-temperature fluid in the annular gap between the upper porous evaporation wall 17 and the corresponding reactor shell 20, and the gap between the reactor top cover 6 and the top cover protective baffle 13, thereby protecting the upper supercritical reactor shell, the porous evaporation wall, and the reactor top cover. The cooling water then merges at the cooling water outlet and flows out of the reactor. To recover this heat, the high-temperature water flowing out of the cooling water outlet is preheated to 300°C and then introduced into the reactor through the evaporation water inlet 12.

[0054] In addition, during the supercritical water oxidation process, an upper supercritical zone and a lower subcritical zone will be formed in the evaporation wall reactor. The inorganic salt will crystallize and precipitate in the upper supercritical zone and redissolve in the lower subcritical zone. In order to accelerate the dissolution of the inorganic salt solid in the subcritical water, an ultrasonic generator is installed on the outside of the shell of about 1 / 3 of the lower end of the reactor.

[0055] In summary, the present invention provides an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil, wherein a side wall cooling water coil is arranged around the gap between the upper porous evaporative wall and the corresponding reactor shell, and a top cover cooling water coil is installed in the gap between the top cover protection baffle on the top of the upper porous evaporative wall and the reactor top cover, wherein cooling water flows into the side wall cooling water coil at the side wall cooling water inlet, and flows out from the cooling water outlet of the reactor top cover along the gap between the reactor shell and the upper porous evaporative wall in the side wall cooling water coil, thereby cooling and protecting the reactor shell and the upper porous evaporative wall; cooling water flows into the top cover cooling water coil at the top cover cooling water inlet, and flows out from the cooling water outlet of the reactor top cover in the top cover cooling water coil along the gap between the top cover protection baffle and the reactor top cover, thereby cooling and protecting the reactor top cover, thereby effectively solving the overheating problem of the upper supercritical zone reactor shell, the porous evaporative wall and the reactor top cover during the supercritical water oxidation treatment of hazardous organic waste in the evaporative wall reactor.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil, characterized in that: It includes a reactor top cover (6), a top cover cooling water coil (14), a side wall cooling water coil (16) and a reactor shell (20); The reactor top cover (6) is arranged on the top of the reactor shell (20); the reactor top cover (6) is provided with a top cover cooling water inlet (7) and a cooling water outlet (3); An upper porous evaporation wall (17) and a lower porous evaporation wall (19) are radially arranged in the reactor shell (20), and an annular positioning baffle (18) is provided on the inner wall of the reactor shell (20). The annular positioning baffle (18) separates and positions the upper porous evaporation wall (17) and the lower porous evaporation wall (19); a gap exists between the upper porous evaporation wall (17) and the lower porous evaporation wall (19) and the reactor shell (20), and a gap exists between the upper porous evaporation wall (17) and the reactor shell (20). A side wall nitrogen inlet (10) and a side wall cooling water inlet (11) are respectively provided on the side wall; a side wall cooling water coil (16) is spirally arranged around the upper porous evaporation wall (17), and the input end of the side wall cooling water coil (16) is connected to the side wall cooling water inlet (11), and the output end is connected to the cooling water outlet (3); the bottom end of the lower porous evaporation wall (19) is fixed to the bottom of the reactor shell (20), and is fixed to the bottom of the reactor shell (20) through an annular positioning retaining ring (22); A top cover protection baffle (13) is provided on the top of the upper porous evaporation wall (17), and is fixed on the top cover protection baffle (13) by means of a locking screw (15), and a gap exists between the top cover protection baffle (13) and the reactor top cover (6); the top cover cooling water coil (14) is assembled between the gap between the top cover protection baffle (13) and the reactor top cover (6), wherein the input end of the top cover cooling water coil (14) is connected to the top cover cooling water inlet (7), and the output end is connected to the cooling water outlet (3); The reactor top cover (6) is further provided with a top cover nitrogen inlet (4) and a material and oxidant inlet (5); the top cover nitrogen inlet (4) is connected to the gap between the top cover protection baffle (13) and the reactor top cover (6); the material and oxidant inlet (5) is connected to the top cover protection baffle (13) after passing through the gap between the top cover protection baffle (13) and the reactor top cover (6).

2. The evaporative wall reactor with supercritical zone cooling water protection coil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall nitrogen inlet (10) includes an upper side wall nitrogen inlet and a lower side wall nitrogen inlet on the side wall of the reactor shell (20), wherein the upper side wall nitrogen inlet is close to the top of the upper porous evaporation wall (17), and the lower side wall nitrogen inlet is close to the annular positioning baffle (18).

3. The evaporative wall reactor with supercritical zone cooling water protection coil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular positioning baffle (18) separates the gaps between the upper porous evaporation wall (17), the lower porous evaporation wall (19) and the reactor shell (20) into a nitrogen flow area and an evaporated water flow area, wherein the gap between the upper porous evaporation wall (17) and the reactor shell (20) is the nitrogen flow area, and the gap between the lower porous evaporation wall (19) and the reactor shell (20) is the evaporated water flow area.

4. The evaporative wall reactor with supercritical zone cooling water protection coil according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower porous evaporation wall (19) is provided with an evaporation water inlet (12) at a side wall corresponding to the reactor shell (20); the evaporation water inlet (12) includes an upper evaporation water inlet and a lower evaporation water inlet on the side wall of the reactor shell (20), wherein the upper evaporation water inlet is close to the annular positioning baffle (18).

5. The evaporative wall reactor with supercritical zone cooling water protection coil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porosity of the upper porous evaporation wall (17) is set to 0.1-0.2, and the thickness is set to 3-4 mm; the porosity of the lower porous evaporation wall (19) is set to 0.25-0.35, and the thickness is set to 2-2.5 mm; the porosity and thickness of the top cover protection baffle (13) are set to 0 and 2-2.5 mm, respectively.

6. The evaporative wall reactor with supercritical zone cooling water protection coil according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ultrasonic generator (21) is installed on the lower side of the outer wall of the reactor shell (20) to accelerate the dissolution of inorganic salt solids in subcritical water.

7. A method for protecting an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical region cooling water protection coil, based on the evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical region cooling water protection coil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Cooling water enters the reactor shell (20) from the side wall cooling water inlet (11) and the top cover cooling water inlet (7) of the reactor top cover (6) respectively; wherein the cooling water flows into the side wall cooling water coil (16) from the side wall cooling water inlet (11), and flows out from the cooling water outlet (3) of the reactor top cover (6) along the gap between the reactor shell (20) and the upper porous evaporation wall (17) in the side wall cooling water coil (16), thereby cooling the high-temperature fluid in the gap between the upper porous evaporation wall (17) and the corresponding reactor shell (20); the cooling water flows into the top cover cooling water coil (14) from the top cover cooling water inlet (7), and flows out from the cooling water outlet (3) of the reactor top cover (6) along the gap between the top cover protection baffle (13) and the reactor top cover (6) in the top cover cooling water coil (14), thereby cooling the high-temperature fluid in the gap between the reactor top cover (6) and the top cover protection baffle (13).

8. The protection method for an evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil according to claim 7, wherein the cooling water temperature is set to 10-30°C.

9. According to the protection method of the evaporative wall reactor with a supercritical zone cooling water protection coil as claimed in claim 7, the high-temperature fluid flowing out of the cooling water outlet (3) after heat exchange is preheated again to 280~310℃, and then passed into the reactor shell (20) through the evaporative water inlet (12) to reduce the energy consumption during the evaporative water preheating process.

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