A multi-uniform electric field gap liquid arc extinguishing structure and inner-outer gap arc extinguishing method

Abstract

This invention discloses a liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps and an internal / external gap arc-extinguishing method. The liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure includes an insulating shell and a vertically arranged long cylindrical arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell. A ball electrode positioning tube with open ends is vertically sealed between the two ends of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell. Several ball electrodes are spaced apart from top to bottom within the ball electrode positioning tube. An arc-extinguishing medium is placed in the gap between adjacent ball electrodes. A lower screw electrode and an upper screw electrode are connected to the lower and upper ends of the insulating shell, respectively. The lower end of the lower screw electrode and the upper end of the upper screw electrode are exposed outside the insulating shell. This invention can solve the problem of reverse regulation between impulse breakdown voltage and power frequency breakdown voltage, making the impulse breakdown voltage equal to the power frequency breakdown voltage, thereby reducing the impulse breakdown voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lightning protection and arc extinguishing technology, and specifically relates to a liquid-electric arc extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps and an arc extinguishing method with internal and external gaps. Background Technology

[0002] The power industry is a crucial foundational industry in my country's national economy. With continuous socio-economic development, the demand for electricity has increased significantly. While increasing the power supply capacity of the power system, it is also necessary to take necessary protective measures to ensure the stability and reliability of power supply to meet the operational needs of modern power systems. Lightning has a significant impact on the stable operation of power systems and is the most common natural factor causing faults in overhead transmission lines. This is because lightning is difficult to control and its occurrence time and intensity are unpredictable. Summers in my country are hot and rainy, and lightning strikes are more likely to occur in areas with high altitudes. Overhead transmission lines are subject to varying degrees of interference. Even with measures such as reducing grounding resistance, improving line insulation, and installing surge arresters, it is still impossible to fundamentally avoid lightning damage, and lightning protection costs are high. Liquid electro-hydraulic arc extinguishing technology, as a new type of lightning protection arc extinguishing technology, can effectively suppress the amplitude and maximum steepness of lightning current. Moreover, it can significantly reduce the cost of comprehensive protection by addressing the root cause, improving the level of lightning protection and reducing the tripping rate. However, existing electrohydraulic arc extinguishing devices still struggle to solve the problem of reverse regulation between impulse breakdown voltage and power frequency breakdown voltage, thus failing to achieve the goal of reducing impulse breakdown voltage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps and an arc-extinguishing method with internal and external gaps. This invention can solve the problem of reverse regulation between impulse breakdown voltage and power frequency breakdown voltage. Through a short-gap arc-extinguishing chamber structure with a uniform electric field inside, the impulse breakdown voltage is made equal to the power frequency breakdown voltage, thereby reducing the impulse breakdown voltage. To achieve the above objective, this invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a liquid-electric arc extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps is provided. The liquid-electric arc extinguishing structure includes an insulating shell and a long, cylindrical arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell vertically disposed within the insulating shell. A skirt is provided on the outer side wall of the insulating shell. A ball electrode positioning tube with open ends is vertically sealed and enclosed between the two ends of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell. A plurality of ball electrodes are spaced apart from top to bottom within the ball electrode positioning tube. An arc-extinguishing medium is disposed in the gap between adjacent ball electrodes. The insulating shell has multiple uniform electric field gaps at its lower and upper ends. The lower screw electrode and the upper screw electrode are respectively connected to the upper end. The lower end of the lower screw electrode and the upper end of the upper screw electrode are exposed outside the insulating shell. The upper end of the lower screw electrode extends vertically upward from the bottom of the insulating shell into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell and is in close contact with the surface of the ball electrode at the lowest end of the ball electrode positioning tube. The lower end of the upper screw electrode extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell and is in close contact with the surface of the ball electrode at the highest end of the ball electrode positioning tube.

[0005] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the arc-extinguishing medium includes air and arc-extinguishing liquid. The gap between the two uppermost ball electrodes in the ball electrode positioning tube is a uniformly filled internal electric field air gap, and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes are filled with arc-extinguishing liquid.

[0006] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, multiple long cylindrical arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells are arranged at intervals inside the insulating shell. A ball electrode positioning tube is arranged in each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell, and several ball electrodes are arranged at intervals in each ball electrode positioning tube. An arc-extinguishing chamber is formed by filling and separating adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells with insulating material. A first current-conducting electrode is arranged in the insulating material between adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells. Adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells are interconnected by the first current-conducting electrode penetrating the insulating material.

[0007] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, an upper zinc oxide valve plate and a lower zinc oxide valve plate are provided at the upper and lower ends of the ball electrode positioning tube to restrict the ball electrode positioning tube. Several ball electrodes are arranged in a gap from top to bottom in the ball electrode positioning tube between the upper and lower zinc oxide valve plates. The upper end of the lower screw electrode extends vertically upward from the top of the insulating shell and into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell, making close contact with the surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate. The lower end of the upper screw electrode extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell and into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell, making close contact with the surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate. The lower surface of the upper zinc oxide valve plate is in contact with the uppermost ball electrode.

[0008] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, a uniform internal electric field air gap is formed between the two uppermost ball electrodes in each ball electrode positioning tube, and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes in each ball electrode positioning tube are filled with arc-extinguishing fluid.

[0009] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, fixed long rods are respectively provided on both sides of the outer wall of the insulating shell near the upper and lower ends of the first current-conducting electrode, and fixed short rods are respectively provided on both sides of the upper and lower ends of the insulating shell. An insulator is inclinedly provided between the fixed long rods and the fixed short rods on the same side of the outside of the insulating shell.

[0010] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, two vertically arranged long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells are provided at intervals within the insulating shell. A ball electrode positioning tube is provided within each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell, and several ball electrodes are spaced apart within each ball electrode positioning tube. An upper and lower symmetrically arranged upper and lower flow-guiding electrodes are respectively provided between the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells. Upper and lower zinc oxide valve plates for restricting the ball electrode positioning tubes are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the ball electrode positioning tubes within each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell. The upper end of the upper flow-guiding electrode is connected to the corresponding upper zinc oxide valve plate above it, and the lower end of the lower flow-guiding electrode is connected to the corresponding lower zinc oxide valve plate below it. The gaps between adjacent ball electrodes within each ball electrode positioning tube are filled with arc-extinguishing fluid, and an external air gap is formed between the lower end of the upper flow-guiding electrode and the upper end of the lower flow-guiding electrode outside the insulating shell, allowing for mutual flow.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, an upper current-conducting electrode and a lower current-conducting electrode are separated and sealed between the two arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells by an insulating material, wherein the lower end of the upper current-conducting electrode and the upper end of the lower current-conducting electrode are respectively fixed within the insulating material.

[0012] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, a first upper guide crossbar and a first lower guide crossbar are horizontally arranged on one side of the outer side of the insulating shell. One end of the first upper guide crossbar passes through the insulating shell in sequence, and the insulating material is connected to the lower end of the upper guide electrode. One end of the first lower guide crossbar passes through the insulating shell in sequence, and the insulating material is connected to the upper end of the lower guide electrode. An upper discharge electrode is arranged at the other end of the first upper guide crossbar and outside the end insulating shell. A lower discharge electrode is arranged at the other end of the first lower guide crossbar and outside the end insulating shell.

[0013] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the central axes of the upper discharge electrode and the lower discharge electrode are on the same vertical line, forming a uniform external air gap between the upper discharge electrode and the lower discharge electrode.

[0014] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the upper discharge electrode and the lower discharge electrode are respectively a horizontally arranged disk structure, a ring structure, or a sphere structure.

[0015] In a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, a second upper guide rod symmetrical to the first upper guide rod is connected to the other side of the lower end relative to the upper guide electrode, and a second lower guide rod symmetrical to the first lower guide rod is connected to the other side of the upper end relative to the lower guide electrode; upper fixed short guide rods and lower fixed short guide rods are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the insulating shell; insulators are symmetrically arranged between the first upper guide rod and the upper fixed short guide rod on the corresponding side, and between the second upper guide rod and the upper fixed short guide rod on the corresponding side; and insulators are symmetrically arranged between the first lower guide rod and the lower fixed short guide rod on the corresponding side, and between the second lower guide rod and the lower fixed short guide rod on the corresponding side.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a liquid electro-arc extinguishing method for an internal air multi-uniform electric field gap, the liquid electro-arc extinguishing method for an internal air multi-uniform electric field gap includes the following steps: connecting a lower screw electrode and an upper screw electrode to the lower end and the upper end of an insulating shell respectively; setting one or two long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells inside the insulating shell; vertically sealing and enclosing a ball electrode positioning tube with openings at both ends inside the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell; and setting a plurality of ball electrodes in a gap from top to bottom inside the ball electrode positioning tube.

[0017] The upper end of the lower screw electrode extends vertically upward from the bottom of the insulating shell into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell, and is in close contact with the surface of the ball electrode at the lowest end of the ball electrode positioning tube; the lower end of the upper screw electrode extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell, and is in close contact with the surface of the ball electrode at the highest end of the ball electrode positioning tube.

[0018] There is a uniform internal electric field air gap between the two uppermost ball electrodes in the ball electrode positioning tube, and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes are filled with arc extinguishing liquid.

[0019] The electric arc is introduced into the protective shell of the arc-extinguishing chamber along the upper screw electrode, and then passes through the uppermost ball electrode in the ball electrode positioning tube along the upper screw electrode. The electric arc breaks through the air in the uppermost inner electric field air gap in the ball electrode positioning tube through the ball electrode. The impact arc breaks through the electric field air gap and reaches the gap that is continuously sealed by the ball electrode and filled with arc-extinguishing liquid. The impact arc is extinguished by the hydroelectric effect in the arc-extinguishing liquid.

[0020] There is a uniform internal electric field air gap between the two uppermost ball electrodes inside the ball electrode positioning tube, and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes are filled with arc-extinguishing fluid.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a liquid-electric arc extinguishing method for a multi-uniform electric field gap in external air, the liquid-electric arc extinguishing method for a multi-uniform electric field gap in external air comprising the following steps:

[0022] The lower screw electrode and the upper screw electrode are connected to the lower and upper ends of the insulating shell, respectively. Two long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells are arranged vertically inside the insulating shell. Ball electrode positioning tubes with open ends are vertically sealed and wrapped inside each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell. Several ball electrodes are arranged in a gap in each ball electrode positioning tube. An upper current-guiding electrode and a lower current-guiding electrode are arranged vertically and symmetrically between the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells.

[0023] Each section of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell has an upper zinc oxide valve plate and a lower zinc oxide valve plate at its upper and lower ends for limiting the ball electrode positioning tube. The upper end of the upper guide electrode is connected to the corresponding upper zinc oxide valve plate above it, and the lower end of the lower guide electrode is connected to the corresponding lower zinc oxide valve plate below it.

[0024] The gap between adjacent ball electrodes in each ball electrode mounting tube is filled with arc-extinguishing fluid. An external air gap is formed between the lower end of the upper guide electrode and the upper end of the lower guide electrode on the outside of the insulating shell to guide each other.

[0025] The electric arc is introduced into the first section of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell along the upper screw electrode, and then passes through the upper zinc oxide valve plate along the upper screw electrode into the ball electrode positioning tube. The electric arc gradually breaks through the gap in the ball electrode positioning tube that is continuously sealed by the ball electrode and filled with arc-extinguishing liquid, so that the impact arc undergoes the hydroelectric effect in the arc-extinguishing liquid to complete the primary arc extinguishing.

[0026] After the initial arc extinguishing is completed, the arc flows through the upper guiding electrode, the first upper guiding crossbar, and the upper discharge electrode. Then it breaks through the external air gap formed by the guiding electrode and the lower guiding electrode to reach the lower discharge electrode. Then it flows along the first lower guiding crossbar and the lower guiding electrode into the next section of the arc extinguishing chamber protective shell for secondary arc extinguishing until the arc extinguishing is completed.

[0027] In summary, because the present invention adopts the above-described technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0028] The electrohydraulic arc-extinguishing structure of the present invention, under uniform electric field conditions, can reduce the impulse breakdown voltage and solve the problem of reverse regulation between impulse breakdown voltage and power frequency breakdown voltage. Furthermore, the long electrohydraulic arc-extinguishing chamber of the present invention divides the long impulse arc into multiple short arcs. Through the "cold cathode" effect of the short-gap plates, the short arcs are confined to the cold arc region, reducing the arc temperature and preventing the arc-extinguishing chamber pressure from increasing, which would lead to an increase in breakdown voltage. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a liquid electro-arc extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a liquid electro-arc extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the electrohydraulic arc-extinguishing structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the electrohydraulic arc extinguishing structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of Embodiment 5 of the electrohydraulic arc extinguishing structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment Six of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

[0037] In the attached diagram, the components are: upper zinc oxide valve plate 101, inner electric field air gap 102, ball electrode 103, arc-extinguishing fluid 104, upper screw electrode 105, lower zinc oxide valve plate 106, lower screw electrode 107, ball electrode positioning tube 108, arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, insulating shell 110, fixed long rod 111, fixed short rod 112, insulator 113, upper connecting clamp 114, lower connecting clamp 115, and support cable tray. 116, Skirt 117, First guiding electrode 205, Insulating material 206, Upper guiding electrode 207, Lower guiding electrode 208, First upper guiding crossbar 209, First lower guiding crossbar 210, Upper discharge electrode 211, Lower discharge electrode 212, External air gap 213, Upper fixed short guiding rod 214, Lower fixed short guiding rod 215, Second upper guiding crossbar 2090, Second lower guiding crossbar 2110. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are merely to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, and these aspects of the invention can be implemented even without these specific details.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, according to the present invention, a liquid-electric arc extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps is provided. The liquid-electric arc extinguishing structure includes an insulating shell 110 and a long cylindrical arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 vertically disposed within the insulating shell 110. A skirt 117 is provided on the outer wall of the insulating shell 110. A ball electrode positioning tube 108 with open ends is vertically sealed and wrapped between the two ends of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109. A plurality of ball electrodes 103 are disposed in a gap within the ball electrode positioning tube 108. A liquid-electric arc extinguishing medium is disposed in the gap between adjacent ball electrodes 103. A lower screw electrode 107 and an upper screw electrode 105 are threadedly connected to the lower end and upper end of the insulating shell 110, respectively. The lower end of the lower screw electrode 107 and the upper end of the upper screw electrode 105 are exposed outside the insulating shell 110. The upper end of the lower screw electrode 107... The upper screw electrode 105 extends vertically upward from the bottom of the insulating shell 110 and into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, making close contact with the surface of the lowest ball electrode 103 inside the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The lower end of the upper screw electrode 105 extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell 110 and into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, making close contact with the surface of the highest ball electrode 103 inside the ball electrode positioning tube 108. A long hydraulic-electric effect arc-extinguishing chamber is set in the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 inside the insulating shell 110 through the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The ball electrode positioning tube 108 is composed of multiple uniform electric field short gaps arranged vertically. The short gaps are sealed with hydraulic-electric arc-extinguishing media. The arc enters the upper screw electrode 105, enters the long hydraulic-electric effect arc-extinguishing chamber, and then enters the short gap arc-extinguishing chamber to discharge, generating a hydraulic-electric effect and completing the arc extinguishing.

[0040] Example 1: As Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the arc-quenching medium disposed in the gap between adjacent dry ball electrodes 103 includes air and arc-quenching liquid, the arc-quenching liquid being insulating oil. A uniform internal electric field air gap 102 is formed between the two uppermost ball electrodes 103 within the ball electrode positioning tube 108, and this air gap 102 is filled with air. The gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes 103 are filled with arc-quenching liquid 104. A long hydraulic-electric effect is set in the arc-quenching chamber protective shell 109 inside the insulating outer shell 110 through the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The arc-extinguishing chamber is composed of multiple short gaps with uniform electric fields arranged vertically. The uppermost gap is a short air gap with uniform electric fields 102, and the remaining gaps are short arc-extinguishing gaps with uniform electric fields filled with arc-extinguishing fluid. The ball electrode retaining tube 108 restricts the ball electrode to a fixed position, so that there is a short gap space between the ball electrodes. The ball electrode retaining tube 108 is wrapped by the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, which provides physical protection for the long-hydraulic-electric effect arc-extinguishing chamber and prevents the arc-extinguishing chamber from bursting due to excessive internal pressure.

[0041] Example 2, as Figure 3As shown, an upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 and a lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the ball electrode positioning tube 108 for sealing the inside of the ball electrode positioning tube 108. Several ball electrodes 103 are arranged in a gap from top to bottom in the ball electrode positioning tube 108 between the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 and the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106. The upper end of the lower screw electrode 107 extends vertically upward from the top of the insulating shell 110 and into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, making close contact with the surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106. The lower end of the upper screw electrode 105 extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell 110 and into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, making close contact with the surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106. The lower surface of the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 contacts the uppermost ball electrode 103, and the upper surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 contacts the lowermost ball electrode 103.

[0042] Example 3, as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, multiple long cylindrical arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 are spaced apart inside the insulating outer shell 110. A ball electrode positioning tube 108 is installed within each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, and several ball electrodes 103 are spaced apart within each ball electrode positioning tube 108. Adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 are separated by insulating material 206 to form a closed arc-extinguishing chamber. First current-guiding electrodes 205 are installed within the insulating material 206 between adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109. Adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 are interconnected by the first current-guiding electrodes 205 penetrating within the insulating material 206. The upper end of the current-guiding electrode 205 is positioned with the ball electrode of the preceding segment. The lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 inside the tube 108 is connected, and the lower end of the first guiding electrode 205 is connected to the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 inside the next section of the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The long hydraulic-electric effect arc-extinguishing chamber is respectively equipped with an upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 and a lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 at both ends. The upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 contacts the upper screw electrode 105, and the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 contacts the lower screw electrode 107. After the arc enters the upper screw electrode 105, it passes through the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101, then enters the long hydraulic-electric effect arc-extinguishing chamber, and then enters the short-gap arc-extinguishing chamber to discharge, generating a hydraulic-electric effect and completing arc extinguishing. The upper end of the guiding electrode 205 is connected to the upper zinc oxide valve plate 106 inside the next section of the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 is connected, and the lower end of the first guiding electrode 205 is connected to the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 in the next section of the ball electrode positioning tube 108. In each section of the ball electrode positioning tube 108, there is a uniformly filled air gap 102 between the two uppermost ball electrodes 103. The gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes 103 in each section of the ball electrode positioning tube 108 are filled with arc-extinguishing liquid 104. In this invention, two long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 are spaced apart inside the insulating shell 110. The upper and lower arc-extinguishing chambers are interconnected through the first guiding electrode 205. The gap inside the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chambers is a uniform electric field short air gap, and the remaining gaps are... A uniform electric field filled with arc-extinguishing fluid creates a short arc-extinguishing gap. The uniform electric field is inevitably accompanied by a short gap, and the short-gap electrode exhibits a "cold cathode" effect. Because the gap between the two discharge ball electrodes is very short, the short arc is guided into the next arc-extinguishing chamber before it fully transforms into a high-energy arc. The arc is thus confined to the "cold arc" stage, avoiding fluid loss caused by high temperatures in the arc-extinguishing chamber and preventing an increase in breakdown voltage due to increased pressure in the arc-extinguishing chamber, thereby reducing the difficulty of arc extinguishing. The "cold cathode" effect of the short gap reduces the arc temperature and thermal ionization, lowers the arc's resistance to interruption pressure, and increases the arc's fragility. This reduces the requirement for arc-extinguishing pressure and significantly advances the arc initiation time, creating a "fast-to-strong" arc-extinguishing situation.In the "cold cathode" effect, the energy deposited in the liquid by the short arc is small, and the temperature of the short arc duration is lower than the boiling point of the arc-extinguishing liquid, which reduces the evaporation loss and ionization of the arc-extinguishing liquid, and also reduces the damage to the arc-extinguishing structure. The pressure generated by the short arc discharge is a low-intensity electrohydraulic shock wave pressure, which reduces the impact intensity on the arc-extinguishing chamber, providing a guarantee for multiple arc extinguishing and sustained arc extinguishing, and preventing damage to the arc-extinguishing liquid and arc-extinguishing structure during the arc extinguishing process.

[0043] When the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chambers are struck by lightning, the long arc is divided into multiple short arcs by the short-gap arc-extinguishing chambers. These short arcs discharge in the arc-extinguishing fluid 104, generating a hydroelectric effect. Since each short arc is in a uniform electric field, the long arc is also equivalent to being in a uniform electric field. The volt-second characteristic of the impulse voltage in the uniform electric field is a flat straight line, and the voltage no longer decreases with time. The initial discharge voltage is equal to the impulse breakdown voltage, which rapidly forms an impulse pressure wave. The impulse arc is gradually cut off in the arc-extinguishing fluid 104, achieving stable, reliable, continuous, and effective arc extinguishing. During the discharge process, the long discharge arc is divided into multiple short discharge arcs by multiple short-gap arc-extinguishing chambers, transforming a difficult long arc extinguishing process into multiple easy short arc extinguishing processes, greatly reducing the overall arc extinguishing difficulty. In the short-gap arc-extinguishing chambers, the arc exerts spatial occupancy pressure on the arc-extinguishing fluid. Due to the incompressibility and high viscosity of the liquid, the occupancy arc experiences strong anti-occupancy resistance when compressing the arc-extinguishing fluid. Furthermore, the discharge of an electric arc in a liquid undergoes a hydroelectric effect, generating shock wave pressure. This shock wave pressure causes the arc-extinguishing fluid to move violently within the enclosed space, creating a tremendous impact force on the discharging arc. Under the combined action of these two forces, the avalanche-like discharge process of the impact arc is attenuated into an intermittent discharge process. Through continuous impact and compression, the arc eventually extinguishes, the discharge channel is broken, and the arc extinguishing is completed.

[0044] Example 4, as Figure 4 As shown, fixed long rods 111 are respectively provided on both sides of the outer wall of the insulating shell 110 near the upper and lower ends of the first current-conducting electrode 205, and fixed short rods 112 are respectively provided on both sides of the upper and lower ends of the insulating shell 110. An insulator 113 is inclinedly arranged between the fixed long rods 111 and the fixed short rods 112 on the same side of the outside of the insulating shell 110. After the gap arc-extinguishing chamber in the previous arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 is punctured, the arc will flow along the first current-conducting electrode 205 into the lower arc-extinguishing chamber for re-arc extinguishing. When the upper and lower adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 are struck by lightning, the fixed short rods 112, insulators 113 and fixed long rods 111 can support and protect the overall structure, preventing the suspension insulator from falling.

[0045] Example 5, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, two vertically arranged long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 are provided at intervals within the insulating outer shell 110. A ball electrode positioning tube 108 is provided within each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, and several ball electrodes 103 are spaced apart within each ball electrode positioning tube 108. An upper current-guiding electrode 207 and a lower current-guiding electrode 208, vertically symmetrical on the same vertical line, are respectively provided between the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109. The upper and lower ends of the ball electrode positioning tubes 108 within each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 are respectively provided with sealing devices. The ball electrode positioning tube 108 contains an upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 and a lower zinc oxide valve plate 106. The upper end of the upper guiding electrode 207 is connected to the corresponding upper zinc oxide valve plate 101, and the lower end of the lower guiding electrode 208 is connected to the corresponding lower zinc oxide valve plate 106. The arc-quenching medium in the gap between adjacent dry ball electrodes 103 is an arc-quenching liquid. Each section of the ball electrode positioning tube 108 is filled with arc-quenching liquid 104 in the gap between adjacent ball electrodes 103. The lower end of the upper guiding electrode 207 and the upper end of the lower guiding electrode 208 are separated by an insulating outer shell 11. An external air gap 213 is formed outside the insulating shell 110, allowing mutual flow. This external electric field gap 213 is open to the air outside the insulating shell 110. An open gap is formed between the upper guiding electrode 207 and the lower guiding electrode 208, allowing flow through the air. After the arc breaks down the air within the gap, the arc is transmitted to the lower guiding electrode 208. In this embodiment, the insulating shell 110 is divided into an upper arc-extinguishing chamber and a lower arc-extinguishing chamber. All gaps within both chambers are short, uniform electric field arc-extinguishing gaps filled with arc-extinguishing fluid. The upper current-conducting electrode 207 and the lower current-conducting electrode 208 in the arc-extinguishing chamber form an external air gap structure on the outside of the insulating shell 110. The upper end of the upper current-conducting electrode 207 is in contact with the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 in the previous arc-extinguishing chamber, and the lower end of the lower current-conducting electrode 208 is in contact with the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 in the next arc-extinguishing chamber. After the arc completes the primary arc extinguishing in the upper arc-extinguishing chamber, it will flow through the upper current-conducting electrode 207 and be guided to the outside of the insulating shell 110. Then, it will break through the external air gap 213 and be guided to the lower current-conducting electrode 208 to flow into the lower arc-extinguishing chamber for secondary arc extinguishing.

[0046] An upper current-conducting electrode 207 and a lower current-conducting electrode 208 are spaced and sealed between the two arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 by insulating material 206. The upper current-conducting electrode 207 and the lower current-conducting electrode 208 are insulated and separated within the insulating material 206. The lower end of the upper current-conducting electrode 207 and the upper end of the lower current-conducting electrode 208 are respectively fixed within the insulating material 206. A first upper current-conducting crossbar 209 and a first lower current-conducting crossbar 210 are horizontally arranged on one side of the outer side of the insulating shell 110. One end of the first upper current-conducting crossbar 209 passes through the insulating shell 110, the insulating material 206, and the upper current-conducting electrode 207 in sequence. The lower end of 7 is connected, and one end of the first lower guide crossbar 210 passes through the insulating shell 110 and the insulating material 206 and connects to the upper end of the lower guide electrode 208. An upper discharge electrode 211 is provided at the other end of the first upper guide crossbar 209 and outside the end insulating shell 110. A lower discharge electrode 212 is provided at the other end of the first lower guide crossbar 210 and outside the end insulating shell 110. The central axes of the upper discharge electrode 211 and the lower discharge electrode 212 are on the same vertical line, and a uniformly open and mutually guiding external air gap is formed between the upper discharge electrode 211 and the lower discharge electrode 212. 213, the external electric field gap 213 of the mutual current conduction is filled with air. The upper discharge electrode 211 and the lower discharge electrode 212 adopt a horizontally arranged metal disk structure, metal ring structure, or metal sphere structure. In this embodiment of the invention, the surge arrester is divided into an upper arc-extinguishing chamber and a lower arc-extinguishing chamber. All gaps inside the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chambers are uniform electric field short arc-extinguishing gaps filled with arc-extinguishing fluid. Their exteriors are set as external air gap structures. The upper end of the upper current-conducting electrode 207 contacts the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 in the previous arc-extinguishing chamber, and the lower end of the lower current-conducting electrode 208 contacts the upper zinc oxide valve plate 106 in the next arc-extinguishing chamber. When the valve plate 101 contacts, due to the presence of the insulating material 206, after the arc completes its primary arc extinguishing in the upper arc-extinguishing chamber, it flows through the upper guiding electrode 207, the first upper guiding crossbar 209, and the upper discharge electrode 211, then breaks through the outer air gap 213 to reach the lower discharge electrode 212, and then flows into the lower arc-extinguishing chamber along the first lower guiding crossbar 210 and the lower guiding electrode 208 for secondary arc extinguishing. In this embodiment of the invention, the upper discharge electrode 211 and the lower discharge electrode 212 are two identical metal disk structures with smooth edges, so during arc discharge, the outer air gap 213 can be approximated as a uniform electric field air gap. When two close, equal-sized, mutually facing, and parallel metal plates each carry equal amounts of dissimilar arcs, the electric field between them, except for the edge region, is a uniform electric field.In this invention, the two ends of the short gap are two smooth spherical electrodes to ensure that the electric field around the arc is a uniform electric field within the short gap during discharge. Since the electric field is uniform throughout the short gap and the gap distance is extremely short, there is no problem of insufficient acceleration energy after electron avalanche. Once there is initial electron discharge, the impact arc will immediately penetrate the entire electric field, forming an impact breakdown. The initial discharge voltage is equal to the impact breakdown voltage, and the two no longer differ. After eliminating the difference between the impact breakdown voltage and the power frequency breakdown voltage by utilizing the characteristics of the uniform electric field, the impact breakdown voltage of the arc-extinguishing device is equal to the power frequency breakdown voltage. Therefore, during insulation coordination, it is only necessary to adjust the air gap so that the power frequency breakdown voltage is higher than its lower threshold, and the impact breakdown voltage will naturally also meet the requirement of being lower than its upper threshold. During the development of the long impact arc, it is divided into multiple short arcs by the short gap arc-extinguishing chamber. Since each short arc is in a uniform electric field, the long impact arc is also equivalent to being in a uniform electric field. The volt-second characteristic of the impulse voltage in a uniform electric field is a flat straight line, and the voltage no longer decreases with increasing time. The initial discharge voltage is equal to the impulse breakdown voltage.

[0047] Example 6, as Figure 7 As shown, a second upper guide rod 2090, symmetrical to the first upper guide rod 209, is connected to the other side of the lower end relative to the upper guide electrode 207. A second lower guide rod 2110, symmetrical to the first lower guide rod 210, is connected to the other side of the upper end relative to the lower guide electrode 208. Upper fixed short guide rods 214 and lower fixed short guide rods 215 are connected to the upper and lower sides of the insulating shell 110, respectively. These rods are positioned between the first upper guide rod 209 and the corresponding upper fixed short guide rod 214, and between the second upper guide rod 2090 and the corresponding upper fixed short guide rod 214. Insulators 113 are symmetrically arranged; and insulators 113 are symmetrically arranged between the first lower guide bar 210 and the corresponding lower fixed short guide bar 215, and between the second lower guide bar 2110 and the corresponding lower fixed short guide bar 215, respectively; when the upper and lower adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 are struck by lightning, the first upper guide bar 209, the second upper guide bar 2090 and the upper fixed short guide bar 214, and the first lower guide bar 210, the second lower guide bar 2110 and the lower fixed short guide bar 215 can support and protect the insulators and the overall structure, preventing the suspension insulators from falling.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, all gaps inside the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chambers are short arc-extinguishing gaps filled with arc-extinguishing fluid and uniform electric field, and the outer air gap electrodes (upper discharge electrode 211 and lower discharge electrode 212) are annular electrodes.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, all gaps inside the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chambers are uniform electric field arc-extinguishing gaps filled with arc-extinguishing fluid, and the outer air gap electrodes (upper discharge electrode 211 and lower discharge electrode 212) are spherical electrodes.

[0050] In this invention, for high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage lightning protection, DC overhead line lightning protection, multi-pulse lightning protection, and power frequency voltage rise section protection, the power frequency arc reignition rate is high. This invention uses zinc oxide valve plates at both ends of a long arc-extinguishing chamber. The zinc oxide valve plates have non-linear resistivity and are used to suppress power frequency reignition arcs. Under normal circumstances, the power frequency voltage cannot make the valve plates conduct. When the lightning voltage is applied to the valve plates, the valve plates become a low-resistance state, that is, the valve plates conduct. At this time, the power frequency current flows into the arc-extinguishing chamber along with the lightning current. After the lightning arc is extinguished by the arc-extinguishing chamber, the applied voltage across the valve plate is less than the valve plate's conduction voltage. The valve plate returns to a high-resistance state, which is equivalent to the valve plate being closed. The power frequency current cannot pass through the valve plate, and the power frequency arc cannot reignite. Therefore, when the voltage across the valve plate exceeds the threshold voltage, the valve plate is equivalent to a resistor with infinite resistance, and the valve plate is in the open state. When the voltage across the valve plate is lower than the threshold voltage, the valve plate is equivalent to a resistor with infinite resistance, and the valve plate is in the closed state. For the reignition process, the valve plate is in the closed state. The zinc oxide valve plate provides strong damping for the "intermittent" discharge process, isolates and divides the reignition voltage, blocks the reignition current, further attenuates the arc intensity, lengthens the wavefront time, advances the arc extinguishing time, reduces the difficulty of arc extinguishing, increases the asymmetry of arc extinguishing, and effectively suppresses the reignition arc. Furthermore, the increased electric field uniformity in each short-gap arc-extinguishing chamber leads to a significant increase in breakdown field strength and breakdown voltage. The total breakdown voltage of all series-connected short-gap arc-extinguishing chambers, triggered by the power frequency voltage, exceeds the actual power frequency voltage, making reignition of the power frequency arc difficult. Additionally, each short-gap arc-extinguishing chamber operates under a high-pressure sustaining period due to the electrohydraulic effect; this high sustaining pressure greatly increases the difficulty of reigniting the power frequency arc.

[0051] Example 7, combined with Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, an upper connecting clip 114 is provided on the upper exterior of the insulating shell 110. The insulating shell 110 is installed on the tower through the upper connecting clip 114. The upper end of the upper screw electrode 105 is fixedly connected to the inside of the upper connecting clip 114. A lower connecting clip 115 is provided on the lower exterior of the insulating shell 110. The lower end of the lower screw electrode 107 is fixedly connected to the inside of the lower connecting clip 115. A support cable laying groove 116 is horizontally provided at the lower end of the lower connecting clip 115. The transmission line is suspended below the insulating shell 110 through the support cable laying groove 116.

[0052] Example 8, combined with Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment differs from that in Embodiment Seven. Figure 4 and Figure 7The difference is that a line holder 118 is provided on the upper exterior of the insulating shell 110. The line holder 118 replaces the upper connecting clip 114. The transmission line is suspended above the insulating shell 110 through the line holder 118. The lower end of the insulating shell 110 is directly fixed to the flat steel of the tower through the lower screw electrode 107.

[0053] Example 8, combined with Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a liquid-electric arc extinguishing method for an internal air multi-uniform electric field gap, the liquid-electric arc extinguishing method for an internal air multi-uniform electric field gap comprising the following steps:

[0054] A lower screw electrode 107 and an upper screw electrode 105 are connected to the lower and upper ends of an insulating shell 110, respectively. A long cylindrical arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 is provided inside the insulating shell 110. A ball electrode positioning tube 108 with openings at both ends is vertically sealed and enclosed inside the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109. Several ball electrodes 103 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom inside the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The upper end of the lower screw electrode 107 extends vertically upward from the bottom of the insulating shell 110 and into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, making close contact with the surface of the ball electrode 103 at the lowermost end of the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The lower end of the upper screw electrode 105 extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell 110 and into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, making close contact with the surface of the ball electrode 103 at the uppermost end of the ball electrode positioning tube 108.

[0055] A uniform internal electric field air gap 102 exists between the two uppermost ball electrodes 103 inside the ball electrode positioning tube 108, and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes 103 are filled with arc-extinguishing fluid 104. The electric arc is introduced into the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 along the upper screw electrode 105, and then passes through the uppermost ball electrode 103 inside the ball electrode positioning tube 108 along the upper screw electrode 105. The electric arc breaks through the air in the uppermost internal electric field air gap 102 inside the ball electrode positioning tube 108 through the ball electrode 103, and the impact arc breaks through the electric field air gap 102 to reach the ball electrode positioning tube 108. Electrodes 103 are continuously and intermittently sealed and filled with arc-extinguishing liquid 104, allowing the impact arc to be extinguished by the electrohydraulic effect in the arc-extinguishing liquid 104. In this embodiment, upper zinc oxide valve plates 101 and lower zinc oxide valve plates 106 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the ball electrode positioning tube 108 to limit the ball electrode positioning tube 108. A plurality of ball electrodes 103 are arranged through gaps in the ball electrode positioning tube 108 between the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 and the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106. The upper end of the lower screw electrode 107 extends from the insulating shell 110. The bottom end of the upper screw electrode 105 extends vertically upwards into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, making close contact with the surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106. The lower end of the upper screw electrode 105 extends vertically downwards from the top of the insulating shell 110 into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109, making close contact with the surface of the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101. This causes the lower surface of the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 to contact the uppermost ball electrode 103, and the upper surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 to contact the lowermost ball electrode 103. The electric arc is introduced into the arc-extinguishing chamber along the upper screw electrode 105. Inside the protective shell 109, the electric arc passes through the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 along the upper screw electrode 105 and enters the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The electric arc passes through the ball electrode 103 and breaks down the air in the uppermost internal electric field air gap 102 inside the ball electrode positioning tube 108. After the impact arc breaks down the air medium in the internal electric field air gap 102, it reaches the gap continuously sealed by the ball electrode 103 and filled with arc-extinguishing liquid 104. The impact arc then undergoes a hydroelectric effect in the arc-extinguishing liquid 104 to complete arc extinguishing. The air gap 102 prevents the arc-extinguishing liquid from experiencing "small bridge" breakdown. Small bridge breakdown occurs when there are tiny air bubbles in the arc-extinguishing liquid. Once a voltage is applied to both ends of the arc-extinguishing liquid, the air bubbles will be polarized and then connect to form a channel similar to a small bridge. The electric arc will pass directly through the channel without undergoing a hydroelectric effect and thus cannot extinguish the arc. After the air gap 102 is applied, the voltage is applied to both ends of the air gap, avoiding the polarization of the air bubbles in the arc-extinguishing liquid, thereby preventing small bridge breakdown.

[0056] Example 10, combined with Figure 6 and Figure 7 According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a liquid-electric arc extinguishing method for a gap with multiple uniform electric fields in external air: the liquid-electric arc extinguishing method for a gap with multiple uniform electric fields in external air includes the following steps:

[0057] The lower screw electrode 107 and the upper screw electrode 105 are connected to the lower and upper ends of the insulating shell 110, respectively. Two long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109 are arranged vertically inside the insulating shell 110. Ball electrode positioning tubes 108 with open ends are vertically sealed and wrapped inside each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109. Several ball electrodes 103 are arranged in a gap inside each ball electrode positioning tube 108. The upper current-guiding electrode 207 and the lower current-guiding electrode 208 are arranged vertically and symmetrically between the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells 109.

[0058] Each section of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 has an upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 and a lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 at its upper and lower ends for sealing the inside of the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The upper end of the upper guide electrode 207 is connected to the corresponding upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 above it, and the lower end of the lower guide electrode 208 is connected to the corresponding lower zinc oxide valve plate 106 below it.

[0059] Each ball electrode positioning tube 108 has its gaps between adjacent ball electrodes 103 filled with arc-extinguishing fluid 104. An external air gap 213 is formed between the lower end of the upper guiding electrode 207 and the upper end of the lower guiding electrode 208 outside the insulating shell 110, allowing for mutual airflow. An open gap is formed between the upper guiding electrode 207 and the lower guiding electrode 208, allowing airflow. After the arc breaks down the air in the gap, the arc is transmitted through the lower guiding electrode 208.

[0060] The electric arc is introduced into the first section of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 along the upper screw electrode 105, and then passes through the upper zinc oxide valve plate 101 along the upper screw electrode 105 into the ball electrode positioning tube 108. The electric arc gradually breaks through the gap in the ball electrode positioning tube 108 that is continuously and intermittently sealed by the ball electrode 103 and filled with arc-extinguishing liquid 104, so that the impact arc undergoes the hydroelectric effect in the arc-extinguishing liquid 104 to complete the primary arc extinguishing.

[0061] After primary arc extinguishing, the arc flows through the upper guiding electrode 207, the first upper guiding crossbar 209, and the upper discharge electrode 211. It then breaks through the outer air gap 213 formed by the guiding electrode 207 and the lower guiding electrode 208, reaching the lower discharge electrode 212. From there, it flows along the first lower guiding crossbar 210 and the lower guiding electrode 208 into the next section of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell 109 for secondary arc extinguishing, until the arc extinguishing is complete. The insulating shell 110 is divided into an upper arc-extinguishing chamber and a lower arc-extinguishing chamber. All gaps within both chambers are short, uniformly spaced arc-extinguishing gaps filled with arc-extinguishing fluid. After primary arc extinguishing in the upper arc-extinguishing chamber, the arc flows through the upper guiding electrode 207 and is guided to the outside of the insulating shell 110. It then breaks through the outer air gap 213 and flows to the lower guiding electrode 208, entering the lower arc-extinguishing chamber.

[0062] Therefore, the difficulty in controlling the impulse breakdown voltage and power frequency breakdown voltage under non-uniform electric field conditions stems from the fact that the electric field in general scenarios is non-uniform. The volt-second characteristic of the impulse voltage in a non-uniform electric field is that the voltage decreases with increasing time; the longer the impulse time, the smaller the impulse voltage. Therefore, the initial discharge voltage is not equal to the impulse breakdown voltage. This is because the acceleration energy of electron avalanches in low-field regions is insufficient, resulting in only partial discharge of the arc but failing to achieve breakthrough. To achieve breakdown, the impulse breakdown voltage can only be reduced by decreasing the air gap distance. However, in a non-uniform electric field, the impulse breakdown voltage and the power frequency breakdown voltage are positively correlated, with a difference of more than five times between them. If the impulse breakdown voltage is lowered, the power frequency breakdown voltage will inevitably decrease as well, ultimately causing the power frequency breakdown voltage to fall below its lower threshold, failing to meet the requirements. Conversely, if the power frequency breakdown voltage is increased to reach the lower threshold by increasing the air gap, the impulse breakdown voltage will exceed the limit, also failing to meet the requirements. In the external gap arc extinguishing method of this invention, two adjacent, equal-sized, mutually facing, and parallel upper guiding electrode 207 and lower guiding electrode 208 are used. When each carries an equal amount of dissimilar electric arc, the electric field between them, except for the edge region, is a uniform electric field. At both ends of the short gap arc extinguishing chamber (the gap between adjacent dry ball electrodes 103), there are two smooth ball electrodes 103 to ensure that the electric field around the arc during discharge is a short-gap uniform electric field. Because the electric field is the same everywhere in the short-gap uniform electric field and the gap distance is extremely short, there is no problem of insufficient acceleration energy after electron avalanche. Once there is initial electron discharge, the impact arc will immediately penetrate the entire electric field, forming an impact breakdown. The initial discharge voltage is equal to the impact breakdown voltage, and the two no longer differ. Thus, the uniform electric field can effectively solve the purpose of controlling the impact breakdown voltage and the power frequency breakdown voltage; the characteristics of the uniform electric field eliminate the impact breakdown voltage and the power frequency breakdown voltage. When there is a difference in breakdown voltage, the impulse breakdown voltage of the electrohydraulic arc extinguishing structure of the present invention is equivalent to the power frequency breakdown voltage. Therefore, during insulation coordination, it is only necessary to adjust the air gap so that the power frequency breakdown voltage is higher than its lower threshold. Then the impulse breakdown voltage will naturally also meet the requirement of being lower than its upper threshold. During the extinguishing process of the long impulse arc, the arc is divided into multiple short arcs by the short gap arc extinguishing chamber. Since each short arc is in a uniform electric field, the long impulse arc is also equivalent to being in a uniform electric field. The volt-second characteristic of the impulse voltage in the uniform electric field is a flat straight line, and the voltage no longer decreases with the increase of time. The initial discharge voltage is equal to the impulse breakdown voltage.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps, characterized in that: The electrohydraulic arc extinguishing structure includes an insulating shell (110) and a long, cylindrical arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) vertically disposed within the insulating shell (110). A skirt (117) is provided on the outer wall of the insulating shell (110). A ball electrode positioning tube (108) with open ends is vertically sealed between the two ends of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109). Several ball electrodes (103) are spaced from top to bottom within the ball electrode positioning tube (108). An arc-extinguishing medium is disposed in the gaps between adjacent ball electrodes (103). A lower screw electrode (107) and an upper screw electrode (108) are respectively connected to the lower and upper ends of the insulating shell (110). 5) The lower end of the lower screw electrode (107) and the upper end of the upper screw electrode (105) are exposed outside the insulating shell (110). The upper end of the lower screw electrode (107) extends vertically upward from the bottom of the insulating shell (110) into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) and is in close contact with the surface of the ball electrode (103) at the lowest end of the ball electrode positioning tube (108). The lower end of the upper screw electrode (105) extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell (110) into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) and is in close contact with the surface of the ball electrode (103) at the highest end of the ball electrode positioning tube (108). Multiple long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109) are spaced apart inside the insulating shell (110). A ball electrode positioning tube (108) is provided in each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109). Several ball electrodes (103) are provided in each ball electrode positioning tube (108) with gaps. An arc-extinguishing chamber is formed between adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109) by filling and separating them with insulating material (206). A first current-conducting electrode (205) is provided in the insulating material (206) between adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109). Adjacent arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109) are connected to each other by the first current-conducting electrode (205) penetrating the insulating material (206).

2. The liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-extinguishing medium includes air and arc-extinguishing liquid. The gap between the two uppermost ball electrodes (103) in the ball electrode positioning tube (108) is a uniformly filled internal electric field air gap (102), and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes (103) are filled with arc-extinguishing liquid (104).

3. The liquid-electric arc extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper zinc oxide valve plate (101) and a lower zinc oxide valve plate (106) for limiting the ball electrode positioning tube (108) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the ball electrode positioning tube (108). A plurality of ball electrodes (103) are arranged in a gap from top to bottom in the ball electrode positioning tube (108) between the upper zinc oxide valve plate (101) and the lower zinc oxide valve plate (106). The upper end of the lower screw electrode (107) extends from the insulating shell (110). The top of the upper screw electrode (105) extends vertically upward into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) and is in close contact with the surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate (106). The lower end of the upper screw electrode (105) extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell (110) into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) and is in close contact with the surface of the lower zinc oxide valve plate (106). The lower surface of the upper zinc oxide valve plate (101) is in contact with the uppermost ball electrode (103).

4. The liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: A uniform internal electric field air gap (102) is formed between the two uppermost ball electrodes (103) in each ball electrode positioning tube (108), and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes (103) in each ball electrode positioning tube (108) are filled with arc extinguishing fluid (104).

5. A liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: Fixed long rods (111) are respectively provided on both sides of the outer wall of the insulating shell (110) near the upper and lower ends of the first current guiding electrode (205), and fixed short rods (112) are respectively provided on both sides of the upper and lower ends of the insulating shell (110). An insulator (113) is obliquely provided between the fixed long rod (111) and the fixed short rod (112) on the same side outside the insulating shell (110).

6. The liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two vertically arranged long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109) are provided at intervals inside the insulating outer shell (110). A ball electrode mounting tube (108) is provided inside each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109), and several ball electrodes (103) are spaced apart inside each ball electrode mounting tube (108). An upper current-guiding electrode (207) and a lower current-guiding electrode (208) are vertically symmetrically arranged between the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109). The upper and lower ends of the ball electrode mounting tubes (108) in each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) are respectively provided with features for restricting the ball electrodes. The upper zinc oxide valve plate (101) and lower zinc oxide valve plate (106) of the positioning tube (108) are connected, wherein the upper end of the upper guiding electrode (207) is connected to the corresponding upper zinc oxide valve plate (101) above, and the lower end of the lower guiding electrode (208) is connected to the corresponding lower zinc oxide valve plate (106) below; the gap between adjacent ball electrodes (103) in each ball electrode positioning tube (108) is filled with arc extinguishing liquid (104), and the lower end of the upper guiding electrode (207) and the upper end of the lower guiding electrode (208) form an external air gap (213) for mutual flow guidance outside the insulating shell (110).

7. The liquid-electric arc extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 6, characterized in that: An upper current-conducting electrode (207) and a lower current-conducting electrode (208) are separated and enclosed between the two arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109) by an insulating material (206), wherein the lower end of the upper current-conducting electrode (207) and the upper end of the lower current-conducting electrode (208) are respectively fixed in the insulating material (206).

8. A liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: A first upper guide bar (209) and a first lower guide bar (210) are horizontally arranged on one side of the outer side of the insulating shell (110). One end of the first upper guide bar (209) passes through the insulating shell (110), the insulating material (206), and connects to the lower end of the upper guide electrode (207). One end of the first lower guide bar (210) passes through the insulating shell (110), the insulating material (206), and connects to the upper end of the lower guide electrode (208). An upper discharge electrode (211) is arranged at the other end of the first upper guide bar (209) and outside the insulating shell (110). A lower discharge electrode (212) is arranged at the other end of the first lower guide bar (210) and outside the insulating shell (110).

9. The liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 8, characterized in that: The central axes of the upper discharge electrode (211) and the lower discharge electrode (212) are on the same vertical line, and a uniform external air gap (213) is formed between the upper discharge electrode (211) and the lower discharge electrode (212).

10. The liquid-electric arc-extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper discharge electrode (211) and the lower discharge electrode (212) are respectively arranged in a horizontally arranged disk structure, ring structure or sphere structure.

11. The liquid-electric arc extinguishing structure with multiple uniform electric field gaps according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second upper guide bar (2090) symmetrical to the first upper guide bar (209) is connected to the other side of the lower end of the upper guide electrode (207), and a second lower guide bar (2110) symmetrical to the first lower guide bar (210) is connected to the other side of the upper end of the lower guide electrode (208). Upper fixed short guide rods (214) and lower fixed short guide rods (215) are connected to the upper and lower sides of the insulating shell (110), respectively. Insulators (113) are symmetrically arranged between the first upper guide crossbar (209) and the upper fixed short guide rod (214) on the corresponding side, and between the second upper guide crossbar (2090) and the upper fixed short guide rod (214) on the corresponding side. Insulators (113) are symmetrically arranged between the first lower guide bar (210) and the lower fixed short guide bar (215) on the corresponding side, and between the second lower guide bar (2110) and the lower fixed short guide bar (215) on the corresponding side.

12. A liquid-electric arc extinguishing method for an internal air-multiple uniform electric field gap, characterized in that: The electrohydraulic arc extinguishing method includes extinguishing the arc using an electrohydraulic arc extinguishing structure with a multi-uniform electric field gap as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: The lower screw electrode (107) and the upper screw electrode (105) are connected to the lower and upper ends of the insulating shell (110) respectively. One or two long cylindrical arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109) are set inside the insulating shell (110). A ball electrode positioning tube (108) with openings at both ends is vertically sealed and wrapped inside the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109). Several ball electrodes (103) are arranged in a gap from top to bottom inside the ball electrode positioning tube (108). The upper end of the lower screw electrode (107) extends vertically upward from the bottom of the insulating shell (110) into the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) and is in close contact with the surface of the ball electrode (103) at the lowest end of the ball electrode positioning tube (108); the lower end of the upper screw electrode (105) extends vertically downward from the top of the insulating shell (110) into the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) and is in close contact with the surface of the ball electrode (103) at the highest end of the ball electrode positioning tube (108); There is a uniform internal electric field air gap (102) between the two uppermost ball electrodes (103) in the ball electrode positioning tube (108), and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes (103) are filled with arc extinguishing liquid (104). The electric arc is introduced into the protective shell (109) of the arc-extinguishing chamber along the upper screw electrode (105), and then passes through the uppermost ball electrode (103) in the ball electrode positioning tube (108) along the upper screw electrode (105). The electric arc breaks through the air in the uppermost inner electric field air gap (102) in the ball electrode positioning tube (108) through the ball electrode (103). The impact arc breaks through the electric field air gap (102) and reaches the gap that is continuously sealed by the ball electrode (103) and filled with arc-extinguishing liquid (104), so that the impact arc undergoes the hydroelectric effect in the arc-extinguishing liquid (104) to complete the arc extinguishing. There is a uniform internal electric field air gap (102) between the two uppermost ball electrodes (103) in the ball electrode positioning tube (108), and the gaps between the remaining adjacent ball electrodes (103) are filled with arc extinguishing liquid (104).

13. A liquid-electric arc extinguishing method for a gap with multiple uniform electric fields in external air, characterized in that: The electrohydraulic arc extinguishing method includes extinguishing the arc using an electrohydraulic arc extinguishing structure with a multi-uniform electric field gap as described in any one of claims 6 to 11, comprising the following steps: The lower screw electrode (107) and the upper screw electrode (105) are connected to the lower and upper ends of the insulating shell (110), respectively. Two long columnar arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109) are arranged vertically inside the insulating shell (110). Ball electrode positioning tubes (108) with open ends are vertically sealed and wrapped inside each arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109). Several ball electrodes (103) are arranged in a gap in each ball electrode positioning tube (108). The upper current-guiding electrode (207) and the lower current-guiding electrode (208) are arranged vertically and symmetrically between the upper and lower arc-extinguishing chamber protective shells (109). Each section of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) has an upper zinc oxide valve plate (101) and a lower zinc oxide valve plate (106) for limiting the ball electrode positioning tube (108) at its upper and lower ends, respectively. The upper end of the upper guide electrode (207) is connected to the corresponding upper zinc oxide valve plate (101) above it, and the lower end of the lower guide electrode (208) is connected to the corresponding lower zinc oxide valve plate (106) below it. The gap between adjacent ball electrodes (103) in each ball electrode positioning tube (108) is filled with arc-extinguishing fluid (104). The lower end of the upper guide electrode (207) and the upper end of the lower guide electrode (208) are respectively provided outside the insulating shell (110) to form an external air gap (213) for mutual flow. The electric arc is introduced into the first section of the arc-extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) along the upper screw electrode (105), and then passes through the upper zinc oxide valve plate (101) along the upper screw electrode (105) and enters the ball electrode positioning tube (108). The electric arc gradually breaks through the gap in the ball electrode positioning tube (108) that is continuously and intermittently sealed by the ball electrode (103) and filled with arc-extinguishing liquid (104), so that the impact arc undergoes a hydroelectric effect in the arc-extinguishing liquid (104) to complete the primary arc extinguishing. After the primary arc extinguishing is completed, the arc flows through the upper guiding electrode (207), the first upper guiding crossbar (209) and the upper discharge electrode (211), and then penetrates the external air gap (213) formed by the guiding electrode (207) and the lower guiding electrode (208) to reach the lower discharge electrode (212). Then, it flows along the first lower guiding crossbar (210) and the lower guiding electrode (208) into the next section of the arc extinguishing chamber protective shell (109) for secondary arc extinguishing until the arc extinguishing ends.

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