A method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of land engineering technology and relates to a method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology. The method comprises: sequentially applying straw biochar, then applying a microbial agent and fruit shell biochar after 2-4 days, and then applying nutrients after 1-3 days. The present invention can rapidly increase the organic matter content of the soil and the number and species of soil microorganisms, thereby repairing and improving the degraded grassland ecology. After 1-2 years of grass sowing and management, the grassland ecology was significantly improved, and grassland coverage and yield were significantly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of land engineering and relates to a method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology. Background Art

[0002] CN110121967B provides a method for rapidly repairing and improving degraded ecological grasslands, which includes four major steps: soil improvement, microbial community improvement, vegetation improvement, and biodiversity improvement.

[0003] CN111955290A provides a method for rapid ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, which includes turning over the soil in the degraded grassland area and covering it with nutrient soil. CN112470587A provides a method for rapid restoration of degraded grassland topsoil, which inactivates the pre-existing microorganisms by sealing and sterilizing, and then adds grass fiber and biomass activated carbon to the bottom of the soil to build a water-retaining layer at the bottom of the soil to avoid water loss, and applies natural, green fertilizers to provide nutrients. Soil degradation includes physical degradation, chemical degradation and biological degradation of the soil. The key to repairing and improving the degraded grassland ecology lies in how to better increase the organic matter content of the soil and increase the types and number of microorganisms in the soil. Simply applying fertilizer to increase the organic matter content of the soil, simply improving the microbial community to increase the types and number of microorganisms in the soil, and simply adding soil conditioners to improve the physical properties of the soil cannot effectively solve the degraded grassland ecology in the long term. Therefore, we seek a method to repair and improve the degraded grassland ecology, so as to comprehensively realize the repair and improvement of the physical degradation, chemical degradation and biological degradation of grassland soil, rapidly increase the organic matter content of the soil, and rapidly increase the types and number of soil microorganisms, thereby realizing the repair and improvement of the degraded grassland ecology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to seek a method for repairing and improving the degraded grassland ecology, so as to comprehensively realize the repair and improvement of the physical degradation, chemical degradation and biological degradation of grassland soil, rapidly increase the organic matter content of the soil, and rapidly increase the types and number of soil microorganisms, thereby realizing the repair and improvement of the degraded grassland ecology.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention provides a method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology to meet this need in the art.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention relates to a method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology, which comprises: applying straw biochar in sequence, applying a mixture of microbial inoculant and fruit shell biochar after 2-4 days, and applying nutrients after 1-3 days.

[0007] Furthermore, in the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention, the straw biochar includes at least one of corn straw biochar, wheat straw biochar, and rice straw biochar.

[0008] Furthermore, in the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention, the fruit shell biochar includes apricot shell biochar, peach shell biochar and coconut shell biochar; in terms of mass ratio, the coconut shell biochar accounts for no less than 40% of the fruit shell biochar.

[0009] Furthermore, in the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention, the microbial agent includes Coxschizolinone ACCC 60042, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC 60428, Bacillus subtilis ACCC 04179, Streptomyces ACCC 41844, and Trichoderma harzianum ACCC 30422.

[0010] Furthermore, in the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention, the nutrients include humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer; in terms of mass ratio, the proportion of humic acid in the nutrients is not less than 20%, and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in the nutrients is not less than 10%.

[0011] Furthermore, in the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention, the application amount of the straw biochar is 3-9 kg / hm2. 2 The application rate of the microbial agent is 2-8 kg / hm 2 The application rate of the shell biochar is 1-5 kg / hm 2 The amount of nutrients applied is 12-20 kg / hm 2 .

[0012] Furthermore, in the method for repairing and improving the degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention, after applying the nutrients, forage grass is planted on the ground.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention relates to the application of the above-mentioned method for repairing and improving the degraded grassland ecology in increasing the organic matter content of the soil and improving the types and quantities of soil microorganisms.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0015] First, the present invention uses straw biochar to effectively improve the physical properties of the soil. Second, the use of fruit shell biochar and a suitable combination of microbial species creates a better growth environment for the microbial agent, rapidly increasing the number and variety of soil microorganisms. Finally, the application of nutrients of no less than 20% humic acid and no less than 10% nitrogen fertilizer, combined with the microbial agent provided by the present invention, comprehensively achieves the restoration and improvement of grassland soil physical, chemical, and biological degradation. Furthermore, the present invention also uses the planting of forage grass to verify that while restoring and improving the grassland ecology, it further improves the physical properties, organic matter content, and biodiversity of the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is the number of soil microorganisms under different experimental conditions.

[0017] Figure 2 is the soil organic matter content under different experimental conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention are described below with reference to the following embodiments; however, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0019] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] The experimental methods and detection methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0021] The microbial agents used in the present invention include Coxsackie's bacterium ACCC 60042, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC 60428, Bacillus subtilis ACCC 04179, Streptomyces ACCC 41844, and Trichoderma harzianum ACCC 30422, all of which can be purchased through public channels, and the individual strains are all common species in the art.

[0022] This example provides an experiment on a method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology.

[0023] This experiment was conducted at an enclosed grassland restoration site in Inner Mongolia, China. The terrain is open and flat, and overgrazing has led to grassland degradation. Currently, Cleistogenes scabra and Potentilla stellaria are the dominant species, with vegetation cover less than 50%. The soil type is chestnut-calcium, with a soil layer generally ranging from 1.5 to 3 meters thick. In some areas, a calcareous layer approximately 1 meter below the surface is present. The experiment was conducted on July 1st.

[0024] There are two experimental groups:

[0025] Test group 1#: 3kg / hm 2 Straw biochar, 2kg / hm2 after 2 days 2 Microbial agents and 1kg / hm 2 After mixing with fruit shell biochar, the soil was turned over after the microbial agent and fruit shell biochar were applied. After 1 day, 12 kg / hm2 of 2 Nutrients and 120kg / hm 2 of water, and then till the soil.

[0026] Straw biochar (purchased from Henan Jiahe Water Purification Materials Co., Ltd.) was a mixture of corn straw biochar, wheat straw biochar, and rice straw biochar, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1. Fruit shell biochar (purchased from Huamo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was a mixture of apricot shell biochar, peach shell biochar, and coconut shell biochar, with a mass ratio of 3:3:4. The microbial inoculant contained 20% of Coxsackie's strain ACCC 60042, 20% of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC 60428, 20% of Bacillus subtilis ACCC 04179, 20% of Streptomyces ACCC 41844, and 20% of Trichoderma harzianum ACCC 30422. The microbial content in the inoculant was 1 × 10 8 cfu / g. The nutrients, by mass ratio, consisted of 65% humic acid fertilization (humic acid, purchased from Hebei Feiyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) and 35% urea (nitrogen fertilizer).

[0027] Test group 2#: 9 kg / hm2 2 Straw biochar, 8kg / hm2 after 4 days 2 Microbial agents and 1kg / hm 2 After mixing with fruit shell biochar, the soil was turned over after the microbial agent and fruit shell biochar were applied. After 3 days, 20 kg / hm2 of 2 Nutrients and 200kg / hm 2 of water, and then till the soil.

[0028] Straw biochar (purchased from Henan Jiahe Water Purification Materials Co., Ltd.) is corn straw biochar.

[0029] Fruit shell biochar (purchased from Huamo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) is a mixture of apricot shell biochar, peach shell biochar, and coconut shell biochar. The mass ratio of apricot shell biochar, peach shell biochar, and coconut shell biochar is 1:1:3.

[0030] The microbial agent contains, by mass ratio, 20% of Coxsackie's sp. ACCC 60042, 20% of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC 60428, 20% of Bacillus subtilis ACCC 04179, 20% of Streptomyces ACCC 41844, and 20% of Trichoderma harzianum ACCC 30422. The microbial content in the microbial agent is 1×10 8 cfu / g.

[0031] Among the nutrients, by mass ratio, 20% humic acid fertilization (humic acid, purchased from Hebei Feiyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.), 10% urea (nitrogen fertilizer), 20% phosphate fertilizer (sodium dihydrogen phosphate, purchased from Hebei Feiyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.), and 50% bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter > 40%, effective live bacteria count ≥ 20 million / g, purchased from Hebei Feiyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0032] There are two positive control groups as follows:

[0033] Control group 1#: 3kg / hm 2 Straw biochar, 2kg / hm 2 Microbial agents and 1kg / hm 2 After the husk biochar is mixed, the soil is turned over and the microbial agent and husk biochar are applied. 12kg / hm 2 Nutrients and 120kg / hm 2 The soil was then tilled and the above operations were completed on the same day. The straw biochar, microbial agent, fruit shell biochar, and nutrient composition were the same as those in experimental group 1#.

[0034] Control group 2#: 9 kg / hm 2 Straw biochar, 8kg / hm2 after 4 days 2 Microbial agents and 1kg / hm 2 After straw biochar was mixed, the soil was turned over after the microbial agent and straw biochar were applied. After 3 days, 20 kg / hm2 of 2 Nutrients and 200kg / hm 2 The straw biochar, microbial agent, and nutrient composition were the same as those in experimental group 2#.

[0035] A blank control group was set up and no treatment was performed.

[0036] The experiment used randomized block treatment, with 5 replications for each treatment. The area of ​​each plot was 8m×8m. In order to prevent cross-influence between treatments, 3m aisles were left between blocks and 1m aisles were left between plots.

[0037] Taking the last treatment of the test area as the node, 24 hours later, the microbial biomass and organic matter content were counted, and the statistics were conducted once every two months. For details, please refer to the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 shown.

[0038] As attached Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention can quickly increase the amount of microorganisms, and the final amount of microorganisms is significantly higher than that of control group 1# and control group 2#. Figure 2As shown, the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention can quickly accumulate organic matter, and the final organic matter content is significantly higher than that of control group 1# and control group 2#.

[0039] Taking the last treatment of the experimental area as the node, the grassland vegetation soil was loosened with multiple rounds of multi-needle rolling and pricking using a grassland debonding machine, and then perennial ryegrass (forage) was sown. The coverage and yield were calculated one year later, as shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1, Coverage and Yield

[0041]

[0042] As shown in Table 1, the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention can quickly increase microbial biomass and quickly accumulate organic matter. One year after sowing perennial ryegrass, the statistical coverage reached a maximum of 99%, and the yield reached a maximum of 271.5 kg / hm 2 .

[0043] In order to further explore the effect of biochar selection on soil remediation, the following 1 experimental group and 1 positive control group were set up, and the raw materials were from the same sources as above:

[0044] Test group 3#: 6kg / hm 2 Straw biochar, 5kg / hm2 after 2 days 2 Microbial agents and 3kg / hm 2 After mixing with fruit shell biochar, the soil was tilled and 16 kg / hm2 was applied after the microbial agent and fruit shell biochar were applied. 2 Nutrients and 120kg / hm 2 of water, and then till the soil.

[0045] Straw biochar (purchased from Henan Jiahe Water Purification Materials Co., Ltd.) was a mixture of corn straw biochar, wheat straw biochar, and rice straw biochar, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1. Fruit shell biochar (purchased from Huamo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was a mixture of apricot shell biochar, peach shell biochar, and coconut shell biochar, with a mass ratio of 3:3:4. The microbial inoculant contained 20% of Coxsackie's strain ACCC 60042, 20% of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC 60428, 20% of Bacillus subtilis ACCC 04179, 20% of Streptomyces ACCC 41844, and 20% of Trichoderma harzianum ACCC 30422. The microbial content in the inoculant was 1 × 10 8cfu / g. The nutrients, by mass ratio, consisted of 65% humic acid fertilization (humic acid, purchased from Hebei Feiyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) and 35% urea (nitrogen fertilizer).

[0046] Control group 3#: 3kg / hm 2 Straw biochar, 2kg / hm2 after 2 days 2 Microbial agents and 1kg / hm 2 After straw biochar was mixed and applied, the soil was turned over after the microbial agent and fruit shell biochar were applied. After 1 day, 12 kg / hm2 of 2 Nutrients and 120kg / hm 2 of water, and then till the soil.

[0047] Taking the last treatment of the experimental area as the node, the grassland vegetation soil was loosened with multiple rounds of multi-needle rolling puncture using a grassland debonding machine, and then perennial ryegrass (forage) was sown. One year later, 16 soil collection points were set up in each plot, and the soil moisture content and soil bulk density were calculated, as shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 2. Soil moisture content and soil bulk density

[0049]

[0050] During the experiment, through further exploration of the selection of biochar, it was found that the selection of different biochars will significantly affect the physical properties of the soil in the long term. The application of biochar in soil is considered to be a mechanism to improve soil quality and long-term carbon sequestration. However, the effect of biochar on the behavior of soil pollutants (such as pesticides and heavy metals), especially in the long term, is still not very clear. Many existing studies have shown that the interaction between soil and biochar and the aging of biochar will affect this process. As shown in Table 2, the method for repairing and improving the degraded grassland ecology provided by the present invention uses fruit shell biochar. One year after treatment, the soil moisture content and soil bulk density are significantly improved. The use of straw biochar also achieved improvements in soil moisture content and soil bulk density, but the improvement effect of soil moisture content was significantly weaker than that of fruit shell biochar, and the soil bulk density was less uniform than that of fruit shell biochar.

[0051] As described above, the present invention can be better implemented. The above embodiments only describe the preferred implementation methods of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various changes and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the protection scope determined by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology, characterized in that: include: Apply straw biochar in sequence, then mix the microbial agent and husk biochar 2-4 days later, and then apply nutrients 1-3 days later. The straw biochar includes at least one of corn straw biochar, wheat straw biochar, and rice straw biochar; the microbial agent includes Coxiella Accc60042, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Accc60428, Bacillus subtilis Accc04179, Streptomyces Accc41844, and Trichoderma harzianum Accc30422; in the microbial agent, by mass ratio, Coxiella Accc60042 20%, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Accc60428 20%, Bacillus subtilis Accc04179 20%, Streptomyces Accc41844 20%, and Trichoderma harzianum Accc30422 20%; the nutrients include humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer; the fruit shell biochar includes apricot shell biochar, peach shell biochar, and coconut shell biochar; Calculated by mass, the coconut shell biochar accounts for no less than 40% of the fruit shell biochar; calculated by mass, the humic acid accounts for no less than 20% of the nutrients, and the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for no less than 10% of the nutrients.

2. The method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application rate of the straw biochar is 3-9 kg / hm 2 The application rate of the microbial agent is 2-8 kg / hm 2 The application rate of the shell biochar is 1-5 kg / hm 2 The amount of nutrients applied is 12-20 kg / hm 2 .

3. The method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the nutrients are applied, forage grass is planted on the ground.

4. Use of the method for repairing and improving degraded grassland ecology according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in increasing the organic matter content of soil and improving the types and number of soil microorganisms.

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