Monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring and method of operation thereof

Abstract

A monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring and an operating method thereof, the monitoring device comprising a first light transceiver and a control device. The first light transceiver generates a first light signal to an object and receives a second light signal to generate a first electrical signal. The control device controls the first light transceiver to generate the first light signal during a first period and controls the first light transceiver to receive the second light signal to generate the first electrical signal during a second period.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a monitoring device, and in particular, to a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring and an operating method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, most physiological monitoring devices mainly use one or more light emitting diodes as a signal source for sensing physiological signals, and use at least one light sensor to receive corresponding sensing signals to achieve the effect of measuring physiological signals. However, the above structure increases the volume of the physiological monitoring device, causing inconvenience in use. Accordingly, how to effectively reduce the volume of the physiological monitoring device and increase the convenience in use is an important issue at present. SUMMARY

[0003] The present invention provides a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring and an operating method thereof, thereby effectively reducing the volume of the monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring and increasing the convenience in use.

[0004] The present invention provides a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring, comprising a first light transceiver device and a control device. The first light transceiver device generates a first light signal to an object and receives a second light signal to generate a first electrical signal. The control device controls the first light transceiver device to generate the first light signal in a first period and controls the first light transceiver device to receive the second light signal in a second period to generate the first electrical signal.

[0005] The present invention provides an operating method of a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring, comprising the following steps. A first light transceiver device is provided to generate a first light signal to an object and receive a second light signal to generate a first electrical signal. In a first period, the first light transceiver device is controlled by a control device to generate the first light signal. In a second period, the first light transceiver device is controlled by the control device to receive the second light signal to generate the first electrical signal.

[0006] The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring and the operating method thereof disclosed by the present invention control the first light transceiver device to generate the first light signal to the object in the first period and control the first light transceiver device to receive the second light signal in the second period to generate the first electrical signal. In this way, the volume of the monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring can be effectively reduced and the convenience in use can be increased. Moreover, the present invention is suitable for earphones. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0008] Figure 2ATiming diagram for operation of a control device for physiological signal monitoring according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0009] Figure 2B Circuit diagram of a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0010] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an object and an earpiece according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0011] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0012] Figure 5 Flowchart of a method of operation of a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0013] Figure 6 Flowchart of a method of operation of a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0014]

Symbol explanation

[0015] 100, 400: monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring

[0016] 110, 410, 420: optical transceiver

[0017] 120, 430: control device

[0018] 130, 440: processing device

[0019] 150: object

[0020] 210: receive signal module

[0021] 211: analog input unit

[0022] 220: transmit signal module

[0023] 221: multiplexing function output unit

[0024] 222: output data register

[0025] 223: multiplexer

[0026] 230: output buffer

[0027] 231: output control unit

[0028] 240, 250: impedance element

[0029] 260: protection unit

[0030] 270: Input / Output Pins

[0031] 310: Measurement Area

[0032] 320: Headphones

[0033] D1, D2, D3: Diodes

[0034] R1: Resistor

[0035] VDD, VSS: Reference voltages

[0036] T1, T2: Transistors

[0037] LS1, LS3: First optical signal

[0038] LS2, LS4: Second optical signals

[0039] LS5: Third optical signal

[0040] LS6: Fourth optical signal

[0041] A1, A2: Paths

[0042] P1: First Period

[0043] P2: Second Period

[0044] S502~S508, S602~S614: Steps Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical terms used in this specification refer to those commonly used in the field. Where this specification provides explanations or definitions for certain terms, the interpretation of those terms shall be based on the explanations or definitions provided in this specification. Each embodiment of this disclosure has one or more technical features. Where feasible, those skilled in the art may selectively implement some or all of the technical features in any embodiment, or selectively combine some or all of the technical features in these embodiments.

[0046] In the embodiments listed below, the same or similar elements or components will be represented by the same reference numerals.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a monitoring device for monitoring physiological signals according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2A This is an operation timing diagram of a control device for monitoring physiological signals according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2BThis is a circuit diagram of a monitoring device for monitoring physiological signals according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals can be a physiological monitoring instrument, such as one that can sense physiological signals such as blood oxygen, heart rate, and blood glucose, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Please refer to... Figure 1 and Figures 2A-2B The monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals may include an optical transceiver 110 and a control device 120.

[0048] The optical transceiver 110 can generate a first optical signal LS1 to the object 150 and receive a second optical signal LS2 to generate an electrical signal. In this embodiment, the optical transceiver 110 is, for example, a single light-emitting diode (LED) that also has a light detection function. That is, the optical transceiver 110 can be a single light-emitting diode that generates and receives optical signals, meaning that the optical transceiver 110 (the monitoring device 100 for physiological signal monitoring) does not include an additional single light detection element. For example, the optical transceiver 110 can generate an optical signal when it is emitting light, and it can receive an optical signal when it is not emitting light. In this way, the size of the monitoring device 100 for physiological signal monitoring can be effectively reduced.

[0049] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the second optical signal LS2 is generated by the object 150 in response to the first optical signal LS1. That is, the second optical signal LS2 can be reflected or scattered light generated when the first optical signal LS1 illuminates the object 150, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this. In addition, the magnitude of the electrical signal can be proportional to the optical signal intensity of the second optical signal LS2. That is, when the optical signal intensity of the second optical signal LS2 is large, the magnitude of the electrical signal is large; when the optical signal intensity of the second optical signal LS2 is small, the magnitude of the electrical signal is small.

[0050] Control device 120 is connected to optical transceiver 110. Control device 120 can, during a first period P1 (e.g., providing a positive voltage level drive signal), control optical transceiver 110 to generate a first optical signal LS1 to object 150, and during a second period P2 (e.g., providing a negative voltage level drive signal), control optical transceiver 110 to receive a second optical signal LS2 to generate an electrical signal, such as... Figure 2AAs shown. In this embodiment, the first period P1 and the second period P2 are different periods, that is, the first period P1 and the second period P2 have a time difference. In addition, the first period P1 may be the period when the optical transceiver 110 is in the light-emitting state, while the second period P2 may be the period when the optical transceiver 110 is not emitting light. That is to say, the monitoring device 100 for physiological signal monitoring controls the optical transceiver 110 to transmit and receive at different periods through the control device 120 to achieve the monitoring effect. In this embodiment, the control device 120 is, for example, a microcontroller unit (MCU), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), or other suitable controller, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to these.

[0051] In some embodiments, the control device 120 may include a receiving signal module 210, a transmitting signal module 220, an output buffer 230, an impedance element 240, an impedance element 250, a protection unit 260, diodes D1 and D2, and input / output pins 270, such as... Figure 2B As shown. However, Figure 2B The internal circuit of the control device 120 shown is an embodiment of the control device 120 of the present invention and is not intended to limit the state of the internal circuit of the control device 120 of the present invention.

[0052] The signal receiving module 210 includes an analog input unit 211, a diode D3, and a resistor R1. Diode D3 has a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal (e.g., the cathode) of diode D3 is connected to a reference voltage VDD (e.g., the operating voltage). Resistor R1 has a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of resistor R1 is connected to the second terminal (e.g., the anode) of diode D3. The second terminal of resistor R1 is connected to the analog input unit 211.

[0053] The transmit signal module 220 includes an alternate function output unit 221, an output data register 222, and a multiplexer 223. The multiplexer 223 is connected to the alternate function output unit 221 and the output data register 222.

[0054] Output buffer 230 includes output control unit 231, transistor T1, and transistor T2. Output control unit 231 is connected to multiplexer 223. Transistor T1 has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of transistor T1 is connected to output control unit 231. The second terminal of transistor T1 is connected to reference voltage VDD (e.g., operating voltage). In this embodiment, transistor T1 is, for example, a P-type transistor, the first terminal of transistor T1 is, for example, the gate terminal of the P-type transistor, the second terminal of transistor T1 is, for example, the source terminal of the P-type transistor, and the third terminal of transistor T1 is, for example, the drain terminal of the P-type transistor.

[0055] Transistor T2 has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of transistor T2 is connected to the output control unit 231. The second terminal of transistor T2 is connected to a reference voltage VSS (e.g., ground voltage). The third terminal of transistor T2 is connected to the third terminal of transistor T1. In this embodiment, transistor T2 is, for example, an N-type transistor, with the first terminal of transistor T2 being, for example, the gate terminal of the N-type transistor, the second terminal of transistor T2 being, for example, the source terminal of the N-type transistor, and the third terminal of transistor T2 being, for example, the drain terminal of the N-type transistor.

[0056] Impedance element 240 has a first terminal connected to a reference voltage VDD (e.g., operating voltage). Impedance element 240 has a second terminal connected to the third terminal of transistor T1 and analog input unit 211. Impedance element 250 has a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of impedance element 250 is connected to the second terminal of impedance element 240. The second terminal of impedance element 250 is connected to a reference voltage VSS (e.g., ground voltage). Protection unit 260 has a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of protection unit 260 is connected to the second terminal of impedance element 240. The second terminal of protection unit 260 is connected to a reference voltage VSS (e.g., ground voltage or negative voltage). In this embodiment, protection unit 260 is, for example, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit.

[0057] Diode D1 has a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal (e.g., the cathode) of diode D1 is connected to a reference voltage VDD (e.g., the operating voltage). The second terminal (e.g., the anode) of diode D1 is connected to the second terminal of impedance element 240. Diode D2 has a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal (e.g., the cathode) of diode D2 is connected to the second terminal of diode D1. The second terminal (e.g., the anode) of diode D2 is connected to a reference voltage VSS (e.g., ground voltage). Input / output pin 270 is connected to the second terminal of impedance element 240 and optical transceiver 110.

[0058] Please see Figures 2A-2BAs shown, during the operation of the control device 120, in the first period P1, the control device 120 provides a transmit drive signal through the multiplexed function output unit 221 or the output data register 222. This transmit drive signal drives the components of the transmit signal circuit corresponding to path A1, and provides a drive signal at the input / output pin 270, for example, a positive voltage level, to the optical transceiver 110, causing the optical transceiver 110 to generate a first optical signal LS1 to the object 150. Then, in the second period P2, the control device 120, for example, does not provide a transmit drive signal, instead controlling the input / output pin 270 to provide a drive signal at, for example, a negative voltage level, causing the optical transceiver 110 to receive a second optical signal LS2 to generate an electrical signal. The electrical signal generated by the optical transceiver 110 is then received through the input / output pin 270 and transmitted to the analog input unit 211 via the components of the receive signal circuit corresponding to path A2. The analog input unit 211 can then output the electrical signal generated by the optical transceiver 110 to the back-end circuitry for subsequent operations.

[0059] In addition, in this embodiment, the monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals also includes a processing device 130. The processing device 130 is connected to the control device 120 (for example, the processing device 130 is connected to the analog input unit 211 of the receiving signal module 210 and the multiplexed function output unit 221 and output data register 222 of the transmitting signal module 220). The processing device 130 can drive the control device 120 (for example, the multiplexed function output unit 221 or output data register 222 of the transmitting signal module 220) to provide a transmission drive signal during the first period P1. Then, the control device 120 can provide a drive signal of, for example, a positive voltage level to the optical transceiver 110, so that the optical transceiver 110 generates a first optical signal LS1. Furthermore, during the second period, if the P1 drive control device 120 (e.g., the multiplexing function output unit 221 or output data register 222 of the transmit signal module 220) does not provide a transmit drive signal, the control device 120 can provide, for example, a negative voltage level drive signal to the optical transceiver 110, causing the optical transceiver 110 to receive the second optical signal LS2 to generate an electrical signal. The processing device 130 then receives the electrical signal generated by the optical transceiver 110 through the control device 120 (e.g., the analog input unit 211 of the receive signal module 210) for subsequent processing. Next, the processing device 130 can use an algorithm to process the aforementioned electrical signal to generate monitoring information. That is, the processing device 130 can use an algorithm to analyze the magnitude of the aforementioned electrical signal to generate corresponding monitoring information.

[0060] In this embodiment, the algorithm may include a smoothing method, a filtering method, anomaly detection, periodicity detection, photoplethysmography (PPG), or artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Furthermore, the monitoring information may include physiological information such as blood oxygen, heart rate, and blood glucose, but this embodiment is not limited to these. Additionally, the processing device 130 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), but this embodiment is not limited to this.

[0061] In some embodiments, the monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals may be disposed in the earphone 320 (i.e., the monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals is in the form of an earphone), and the aforementioned object 150 is, for example, the user's ear. Figure 3 As shown. Additionally, the monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals can detect, for example... Figure 3 The measurement area 310 shown is used to measure monitoring information. Furthermore, the measurement area 310 may be, for example, the antitragus, but this embodiment of the invention is not limited to this. The measurement area 310 may also be other suitable areas. In some embodiments, the monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals may also be located in a watch (i.e., the monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals is in the form of a watch), and the object 150 may be, for example, the user's hand. That is, the monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals can measure monitoring information from the object 150 (e.g., the hand).

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a monitoring device for monitoring physiological signals according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals can be a physiological monitoring instrument, such as one that can sense physiological signals such as blood oxygen, heart rate, and blood glucose, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Please refer to... Figure 4 The monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals may include an optical transceiver 410, an optical transceiver 420, a control device 430, and a processing device 440.

[0063] Optical transceiver 410 can generate a first optical signal LS3 to object 150 and receive a second optical signal LS4 to generate a first electrical signal. Optical transceiver 420 can generate a third optical signal LS5 to object 150 and receive a fourth optical signal LS6 to generate a second electrical signal. In this embodiment, optical transceiver 410 and optical transceiver 420 are, for example, single light-emitting diodes that simultaneously have light detection functions. That is, optical transceiver 410 and optical transceiver 420 can each be single light-emitting diodes that generate and receive optical signals, i.e., optical transceiver 410 and optical transceiver 420 (monitoring device 400 for physiological signal monitoring) do not include an additional single light detection element. In this way, the size of the monitoring device 400 for physiological signal monitoring can be effectively reduced.

[0064] In addition, in this embodiment, the second optical signal LS4 is generated by the object 150 in response to the third optical signal LS5, and the fourth optical signal LS6 is generated by the object 150 in response to the first optical signal LS3. That is, the second optical signal LS4 can be reflected or scattered light generated by the third optical signal LS5 illuminating the object 150, and the fourth optical signal LS6 can be reflected or scattered light generated by the first optical signal LS3 illuminating the object 150, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0065] Furthermore, the magnitude of the first electrical signal can be proportional to the intensity of the second optical signal LS4. That is, when the intensity of the second optical signal LS4 is high, the magnitude of the first electrical signal is high; when the intensity of the second optical signal LS4 is low, the magnitude of the first electrical signal is low. Moreover, the magnitude of the second electrical signal can be proportional to the intensity of the fourth optical signal LS6. That is, when the intensity of the fourth optical signal LS6 is high, the magnitude of the second electrical signal is high; when the intensity of the fourth optical signal LS6 is low, the magnitude of the second electrical signal is low.

[0066] During a first period, the control device 430 can control the optical transceiver 410 to generate a first optical signal LS3 and control the optical transceiver 420 to receive a fourth optical signal LS6 (i.e., generated by the object 150 in response to the first optical signal LS3) to generate a second electrical signal. Additionally, during a second period, the control device 430 can control the optical transceiver 420 to generate a third optical signal LS5 and control the optical transceiver 410 to receive a second optical signal LS4 (i.e., generated by the object in response to the third optical signal LS5) to generate the first electrical signal.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first period and the second period are different periods. Furthermore, the first period can be the period during which the optical transceiver 410 is in a light-emitting state and the optical transceiver 420 is in a non-light-emitting state, while the second period can be the period during which the optical transceiver 410 is in a non-light-emitting state and the optical transceiver 420 is in a light-emitting state. That is, the monitoring device 400 for physiological signal monitoring uses the control device 430 to alternately control the optical transceiver 410 and the optical transceiver 420 to transmit and receive signals during different periods, thereby increasing the accuracy of monitoring. In this embodiment, the control device 430 is, for example, a microcontroller, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.

[0068] In addition, in this embodiment, the monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals also includes a processing device 440. The processing device 440 is connected to the control device 430 and receives a first electrical signal generated by the optical transceiver 410 and a second electrical signal generated by the optical transceiver 420 through the control device 430. Then, the processing device 440 can use an algorithm to process the first and second electrical signals to generate monitoring information. That is, the processing device 440 can use an algorithm to analyze the magnitudes of the first and second electrical signals to generate corresponding monitoring information. In this embodiment, the algorithm may include smoothing, filtering, anomaly detection, periodic detection, photovolume change mapping, or artificial intelligence algorithms. Furthermore, the monitoring information may include physiological information such as blood oxygen, heart rate, and blood glucose, but this embodiment is not limited to these. Moreover, the processing device 440 may be, for example, a central processing unit, but this embodiment is not limited to this.

[0069] In some embodiments, the monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals may be disposed in the earphone 320 (i.e., the monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals is in the form of an earphone), and the aforementioned object 150 is, for example, the user's ear. Figure 3 As shown. Additionally, the monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals can detect, for example... Figure 3 The measurement area 310 shown is used to measure monitoring information, and the measurement area 310 is, for example, the tragus, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0070] In some embodiments, the monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals may also be mounted on a watch (i.e., the monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals is in the form of a watch), and the object 150 may be, for example, the user's hand. That is, the monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals can measure monitoring information of the object 150 (e.g., the hand).

[0071] Figure 5This is a flowchart of an operation method for a monitoring device for monitoring physiological signals according to an embodiment of the present invention. The flowchart of this embodiment may correspond to... Figure 1 A monitoring device 100 for monitoring physiological signals. In step S502, a first optical transceiver is provided to generate a first optical signal to an object and to receive a second optical signal to generate a first electrical signal. In step S504, a control device controls the first optical transceiver to generate the first optical signal during a first period. In step S506, a control device controls the first optical transceiver to receive the second optical signal during a second period to generate the first electrical signal.

[0072] In step S508, the processing device receives the first electrical signal and processes it using an algorithm to generate monitoring information. In this embodiment, the second optical signal is generated, for example, by an object in response to the first optical signal. Furthermore, the first optical transceiver is, for example, a single light-emitting diode with light detection functionality. In addition, the aforementioned algorithm includes, for example, smoothing methods, filtering methods, anomaly detection methods, periodic detection methods, photovolume change mapping methods, or artificial intelligence algorithms.

[0073] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of an operation method for a monitoring device for monitoring physiological signals according to another embodiment of the present invention. The flowchart of this embodiment may correspond to... Figure 4 A monitoring device 400 for monitoring physiological signals. In step S602, a first optical transceiver is provided to generate a first optical signal to an object and to receive a second optical signal to generate a first electrical signal. In step S604, a second optical transceiver is provided to generate a third optical signal to the object and to receive a fourth optical signal to generate a second electrical signal. In step S606, a control device controls the first optical transceiver to generate the first optical signal during a first period. In step S608, a control device controls the second optical transceiver to receive the fourth optical signal during the first period to generate the second electrical signal.

[0074] In step S610, the control device controls the second optical transceiver to generate a third optical signal during the second period. In step S612, the control device controls the first optical transceiver to receive the second optical signal during the second period to generate a first electrical signal. In step S614, the processing device receives the first and second electrical signals and processes them using an algorithm to generate monitoring information. In this embodiment, the second optical signal is generated, for example, by an object responding to the third optical signal, and the fourth optical signal is generated, for example, by an object responding to the first optical signal. Furthermore, the first and second optical transceivers are, for example, single light-emitting diodes with light detection functions. In addition, the algorithms described above include, for example, smoothing methods, filtering methods, anomaly detection methods, periodic detection methods, photovolume change mapping methods, or artificial intelligence algorithms.

[0075] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The order of the steps is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the order of steps in the embodiments of the present invention. The order of the steps can be changed by the user as needed. Furthermore, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, additional steps can be added or fewer steps can be used in the above flowchart.

[0076] In summary, the monitoring device and its operating method for monitoring physiological signals disclosed in this invention, through a control device, controls a first optical transceiver to generate a first optical signal to an object during a first period, and controls the first optical transceiver to receive a second optical signal during a second period, thereby generating a first electrical signal. This effectively reduces the size of the monitoring device for monitoring physiological signals and increases its ease of use. Furthermore, embodiments of this invention also include a processing device that can process the aforementioned first electrical signal to generate monitoring information.

[0077] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may further include a second optical transceiver, and the control device controls the first optical transceiver to generate a first optical signal to the object during a first period, and controls the second optical transceiver to receive a fourth optical signal to generate a second electrical signal; and during a second period, controls the second optical transceiver to generate a third optical signal to the object, and controls the first optical transceiver to receive the second optical signal to generate a first electrical signal. The first and second electrical signals are then processed by a processing device to generate monitoring information. This increases the accuracy of monitoring.

[0078] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring, comprising: a first light transceiver device configured to generate a first light signal to an object and receive a second light signal to generate a first electrical signal; and a control device configured to control the first light transceiver device to generate the first light signal during a first period and control the first light transceiver device to receive the second light signal during a second period to generate the first electrical signal; wherein the control device comprises: an input / output pin connected to the first light transceiver device; a receiving signal module configured to receive the first electrical signal through the input / output pin during the second period; a transmitting signal module configured to provide a transmitting driving signal during the first period; an output buffer configured to receive and transmit the transmitting driving signal through the input / output pin to the first light transceiver device during the first period, so that the first light transceiver device generates the first light signal; a first impedance element having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first impedance element is connected to a first reference voltage, and the second end of the first impedance element is connected to the output buffer, the receiving signal module and the input / output pin; a second impedance element having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second impedance element is connected to the second end of the first impedance element, and the second end of the second impedance element is connected to a second reference voltage; a protection unit having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the protection unit is connected to the second end of the first impedance element, and the second end of the protection unit is connected to the second reference voltage; a first diode having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first diode is connected to the first reference voltage, and the second end of the first diode is connected to the second end of the first impedance element; and a second diode having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second diode is connected to the second end of the first diode, and the second end of the second diode is connected to the second reference voltage. 2.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the second light signal is generated by the object in response to the first light signal. 3.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to claim 1, further comprising: a processing device configured to receive the first electrical signal and process the first electrical signal using an algorithm to generate monitoring information. 4.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to claim 3, wherein the algorithm comprises a smoothing method, a filtering method, an anomaly detection method, a periodicity detection method, a plethysmography method or an artificial intelligence algorithm. 5.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the first light transceiver device is a light emitting diode. 6.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring according to claim 1, further comprising: a second light transceiver device configured to generate a third light signal to the object and receive a fourth light signal to generate a second electrical signal; wherein during the first period, the control device controls the second light transceiver device to receive the fourth light signal to generate the second electrical signal, and during the second period, the control device controls the second light transceiver device to generate the third light signal. ​ 7.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring of claim 6, wherein the second light signal is generated by the object in response to the third light signal, and the fourth light signal is generated by the object in response to the first light signal. 8.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring of claim 6, further comprising: a processing device receiving the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal, and processing the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal using an algorithm to generate monitoring information. 9.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring of claim 8, wherein the algorithm comprises a smoothing method, a filtering method, an anomaly detection method, a periodicity detection method, a plethysmography method, or an artificial intelligence algorithm. 10.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring of claim 6, wherein the first light transceiver device and the second light transceiver device are single light emitting diodes with light detection function. 11.The monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring of claim 1, wherein the monitoring device is disposed in an earphone or a watch. 12.A method for operating a monitoring device for physiological signal monitoring, comprising: providing a first light transceiver device, generating a first light signal to an object, and receiving a second light signal to generate a first electrical signal; controlling, by a control device, the first light transceiver device to generate the first light signal during a first period; and controlling, by the control device, the first light transceiver device to receive the second light signal to generate the first electrical signal during a second period; wherein the control device comprises: an input / output pin connected to the first light transceiver device; a receiving signal module receiving the first electrical signal through the input / output pin during the second period; a transmitting signal module providing a transmitting driving signal during the first period; an output buffer receiving and transmitting the transmitting driving signal to the first light transceiver device through the input / output pin to make the first light transceiver device generate the first light signal during the first period; a first impedance element having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first impedance element is connected to a first reference voltage, and the second end of the first impedance element is connected to the output buffer, the receiving signal module, and the input / output pin; a second impedance element having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second impedance element is connected to the second end of the first impedance element, and the second end of the second impedance element is connected to a second reference voltage; a protection unit having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the protection unit is connected to the second end of the first impedance element, and the second end of the protection unit is connected to the second reference voltage; a first diode having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first diode is connected to the first reference voltage, and the second end of the first diode is connected to the second end of the first impedance element; and a second diode having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second diode is connected to the second end of the first diode, and the second end of the second diode is connected to the second reference voltage. ​ 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second light signal is generated by the object in response to the first light signal.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: receiving, by a processing device, the first electrical signal and processing the first electrical signal using an algorithm to generate monitoring information.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the algorithm comprises a smoothing method, a filtering method, an anomaly detection method, a periodicity detection method, or a photoplethysmogram method.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the first light transceiver device is a light emitting diode.

17. The method of claim 12, further comprising: providing a second light transceiver device to generate a third light signal to the object and to receive a fourth light signal to generate a second electrical signal; controlling, by the control device, the second light transceiver device to receive the fourth light signal to generate the second electrical signal during the first period of time; and controlling, by the control device, the second light transceiver device to generate the third light signal during the second period of time.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second light signal is generated by the object in response to the third light signal and the fourth light signal is generated by the object in response to the first light signal.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising: receiving, by a processing device, the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal and processing the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal using an algorithm to generate monitoring information.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the algorithm comprises a smoothing method, a filtering method, an anomaly detection method, a periodicity detection method, or a photoplethysmogram method.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the first light transceiver device and the second light transceiver device are single light emitting diodes with light detection functionality. ​

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