A safe lifting device for construction

Abstract

The present invention provides a safe hoisting device for construction, belonging to the field of hoisting technology; it includes multiple groups of cross arms located on both sides and used to hoist hollow steel pipes, wherein multiple groups of cross arms are also installed with limit assemblies for fixing the ends of the hollow steel pipes, the limit assemblies include a limit rod with one end extending into the interior of the corresponding hollow steel pipe, and a limit spring connected between one end of the limit rod and the cross arm, a pull ring connected to a hook through a lifting ring is also provided above the hollow steel pipe, and the pull ring is connected to the multiple limit rods through multiple steel cables; the limit assembly also includes a triangular chuck and multiple groups of extension rods, and sliders are slidably installed on the corresponding triangular chucks. The multiple groups of cross arms are also provided with columnar dampers for slowing down the rotation rate of the corresponding cross arms, and the columnar dampers are staggered with the limit rods. The present invention solves a series of problems in the prior art such as poor stability and high risk when hoisting hollow steel pipes through the arrangement of cross arms and limit rods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hoisting, and in particular to a safety hoisting device for building construction. Background Art

[0002] A lifting device is a common construction tool used in building construction. When in use, it uses traction to drive the pulley block and the lifting rope to lift the object to be lifted, and transport the object to be moved to the target area, saving time and effort. It is an indispensable machine equipment in the field of construction manufacturing. Lifting devices are often used to transport steel pipes at construction sites.

[0003] In the prior art, a Chinese patent document with publication number CN112830393A proposes a safe lifting device for construction. By introducing a protection mechanism, the auxiliary pulley effectively decomposes the tension of the traction rope to achieve the effect of protecting the traction rope. At the same time, the coordination between the electromagnet, the conductive sheet, and the slider is used to estimate the gravity of the hoisted object, so as to reasonably adjust the length of the boom so that the hoisted object is always kept within the safe construction radius for movement. This solves the problem of safety accidents caused by the boom exceeding the maximum load torque due to unknown object weight in the prior art. However, in actual application, it is found that this type of lifting device still needs to use traditional bundling technology to centrally lift multiple cylindrical steel pipes. This makes it easy for the steel pipes to fall off accidentally during transportation, thereby causing construction hazards. Therefore, the present application provides a safe lifting device for construction to meet the stable lifting requirements of hollow steel pipes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a safe hoisting device for construction, so as to solve a series of problems in the prior art such as poor stability and high risk when hoisting hollow steel pipes.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] 7. The swiftly and minutely adjusting device for a wood-planer working table as claimed in claim 1, wherein said linking rod and said adjusting base are pivotally connected to each other with a bolt, and said bolt has a round shank to contact with said linking rod. said linking rod having a round shank and a bolt. said bolt has a round shank to contact with said linking rod.

[0007] Preferably, the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the ends of two adjacent groups of the cross arms, and both ends of the rotating shaft respectively pass through the corresponding cross arms and extend to the outside of the two sides of the corresponding cross arms.

[0008] Preferably, the limit rod is slidably sleeved on the corresponding group of cross arms, and the two ends of the limit rod are respectively located inside the corresponding hollow steel tube and outside one side of the cross arm, and one end of each of the limit rods is fixedly connected to a fixed plate.

[0009] Preferably, the pull ring is connected to the same central bearing through multiple evenly distributed connecting rods, the middle of the central bearing is sleeved with a central column, and the lifting ring is installed on the top of the central column and connected to the hook.

[0010] Preferably, one end of each of the limit rods is also sleeved with a pull plate, and each of the pull plates is equipped with a connecting ring. Both ends of the steel cable are connected with a ring, one of the rings is sleeved on the pull ring, and the other ring is sleeved on the connecting ring.

[0011] Preferably, the limit spring is sleeved on the corresponding limit rod, and both ends of the limit spring are respectively connected to the corresponding pull plate and the cross arm.

[0012] Preferably, the triangular chuck is sleeved on one end of the corresponding limit rod located in the hollow steel tube, and the multiple sliders at the same relative position are slidably clamped in the corresponding triangular chuck. After the triangular chuck is operated, it can drive the multiple sliders at the same relative position to move closer to or away from each other.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of extension rods are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the corresponding slider.

[0014] Preferably, both ends of the columnar damper pass through the corresponding group of cross arms and extend to the outside of the two sides of the corresponding cross arms respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the ends of the cross arms on the same side edge are provided with rollers.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In the above scheme, multiple hollow steel pipes to be hoisted are arranged side by side on the supporting ground, and the crane operation controls the hook to be lowered to an appropriate height so that the cross arms on both sides are adapted to the height of the hollow steel pipe, and then the cross arms on both sides are pulled so that multiple limit rods correspond to the positions of the corresponding hollow steel pipes, and then the fixed plates on the corresponding positions are pulled to drive the limit rods to move away from the hollow steel pipe, the limit springs are stretched and stored, and after the cross arms are moved close to the ends of the hollow steel pipes, the fixed plates are released, and under the elastic force of the limit springs, the pulling plate drives one end of the limit rod to enter the interior of the hollow steel pipe, thereby tightening the hollow steel pipe. One end of the hollow steel pipe is limited, and similarly, the other end of the hollow steel pipe is fixed in the same limiting manner. Subsequently, the crane is controlled to operate so that the hook drives the pull ring to rise through the lifting ring, that is, the corresponding limiting rods are pulled up by multiple steel cables, thereby driving multiple groups of hollow steel pipes to rise synchronously. Under the abutment effect of the limiting rods and the cross arms, the stability of the hollow steel pipes during lifting and transportation is improved compared to the bundling transportation method in the prior art. At the same time, the use of settings such as cross arms makes the spacing between adjacent limiting rods adjustable, which can adapt to the use of hollow steel pipes with different inner diameters, thereby improving the scope of use of the entire lifting device.

[0018] When the limit rod is inserted into the corresponding hollow steel pipe to limit its position, the corresponding triangular chuck can also be controlled to operate, so that multiple sliders at the same relative position move away from each other and drive the corresponding extension rods to move synchronously until they are tightly against the inner wall of the hollow steel pipe. Since the extension rod is fixedly connected to one end of the slider, the hollow steel pipe is not prone to accidental sliding during transportation, thereby improving its stability during transportation. At the same time, in the early stage of lifting multiple hollow steel pipes off the supporting surface, due to the deadweight of the steel pipes, adjacent hollow steel pipes will quickly approach each other. At this time, through the setting of column damping, when the hollow steel pipe pulls multiple groups of cross arms to rotate and contract, it can play a blocking role on the cross arms, thereby slowing down the rotation rate of the cross arms to reduce the impact force between the hollow steel pipes. At the same time, through the setting of column damping, the swinging of the hollow steel pipes caused by the influence of wind during aerial transportation can be reduced, thereby improving the "bundling" effect between multiple hollow steel pipes and further improving the stability of the hollow steel pipes during transportation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure and to enable one skilled in the relevant art to make and use the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutaway three-dimensional structure of the hollow steel tube of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 The middle part is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0023] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 The middle part is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0024] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 The middle part is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0025] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the shown part from another perspective.

[0026] [reference numerals]

[0027] 1. Hollow steel tube; 2. Cross arm; 3. Limit rod; 4. Pull ring; 5. Connecting rod; 6. Center bearing; 7. Center column; 8. Lifting ring; 9. Steel cable; 10. Pull plate; 11. Connecting ring; 12. Sleeve ring; 13. Fixed plate; 14. Limit spring; 15. Rotating shaft; 16. Triangular chuck; 17. Slider; 18. Extension rod; 19. Column damper.

[0028] As shown in the figure, in order to clearly implement the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure, but this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific structure, device and environment. According to specific needs, ordinary technicians in this field can adjust or modify these devices and environments, and the adjustments or modifications made are still included in the scope of the appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following describes in detail a safe hoisting device for construction provided by the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is also noted that, to provide a more detailed description, the following embodiments are best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may employ alternative implementations for known technologies. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are intended only to provide a more detailed description of the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," "some embodiments," etc. indicate that the described embodiments may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment necessarily includes such specific features, structures, or characteristics. In addition, when specific features, structures, or characteristics are described in conjunction with an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of persons skilled in the relevant art to implement such features, structures, or characteristics in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0031] In general, terms can be understood, at least in part, from their use in context. For example, depending at least in part on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending at least in part on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0032] It will be understood that the meanings of “on,” “over,” and “above” in this disclosure should be interpreted in the broadest manner, such that “on” means not only “directly on” something, but also includes being “on” something with intervening features or layers, and “on” or “over” means not only “on” or “above” something, but also includes being “on” or “above” something with no intervening features or layers.

[0033] Additionally, spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "above," and "upper" may be used herein for descriptive convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or features, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the accompanying drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be similarly interpreted accordingly.

[0034] like Figures 1-6As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a safe hoisting device for construction, comprising a plurality of cross arms 2 located on both sides and used for hoisting a hollow steel pipe 1, wherein the ends of the plurality of cross arms 2 on the same side are rotatably connected by a rotating shaft 15, and wherein the plurality of cross arms 2 are further provided with a limiting assembly for fixing the ends of the hollow steel pipe 1, the limiting assembly comprising a limiting rod 3 with one end extending to the interior of the corresponding hollow steel pipe 1, and a limiting spring 14 connected between one end of the limiting rod 3 and the cross arm 2, and a lifting ring 8 is further provided above the hollow steel pipe 1 to connect with the hook. The pull ring 4 is connected to the plurality of limit rods 3 through a plurality of steel cables 9; the limit assembly also includes a triangular chuck 16 installed on one end of the limit rod 3, and a plurality of extension rods 18 connected to the end of the slider 17 and adapted to the inner wall of the hollow steel pipe 1, the slider 17 is slidably installed on the corresponding triangular chuck 16, and the plurality of cross arms 2 are also provided with a columnar damper 19 for slowing down the rotation rate of the corresponding cross arm 2, and the columnar damper 19 and the limit rod 3 are staggered. When the hollow steel pipe 1 needs to be hoisted, the plurality of hollow steel pipes 1 are laid flat on the On the supporting surface, multiple groups of cross arms 2 on both sides are immediately unfolded, and one end of the corresponding limit rod 3 is inserted into one end of the corresponding hollow steel pipe 1, and then the crane is controlled to operate, and the pull ring 4 is driven to move up through the hook and the ring 8, and then under the traction of multiple groups of steel cables 9, the cross arms 2 on both sides can drive multiple hollow steel pipes 1 to be transported synchronously. Compared with the existing bundling and transportation technology, the stability of the hollow steel pipe 1 during lifting and transportation is improved. In addition, through the setting of the cross arms 2, the spacing between adjacent limit rods 3 can also be adjusted to adapt to different internal At the same time, after one end of the limiting rod 3 is located inside the hollow steel pipe 1, it can also control the operation of the triangular chuck 16, drive multiple groups of extension rods 18 to press against the inner wall of the corresponding hollow steel pipe 1, thereby improving the stability during transportation and avoiding accidental displacement between the hollow steel pipe 1 and the limiting rod 3. Moreover, through the setting of the columnar damping 19, when multiple hollow steel pipes 1 are hoisted, the mutual collision rate between the hollow steel pipes 1 can be slowed down, and the influence of wind force on the hollow steel pipe 1 after hoisting can be reduced, thereby improving the stability of the entire device during use.

[0035] like Figure 2-Figure 6As shown, the rotating shaft 15 is rotatably mounted on the ends of the two adjacent groups of cross arms 2, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 15 respectively penetrate the corresponding cross arms 2 and extend to the outside of the two sides of the corresponding cross arms 2. The limiting rod 3 is slidably sleeved on the corresponding group of cross arms 2, and the two ends of the limiting rod 3 are respectively located in the corresponding hollow steel tube 1 and outside one side of the cross arm 2. One end of each of the limiting rods 3 is fixedly connected to a fixed disk 13, and the pull ring 4 is connected to the same central bearing 6 through multiple evenly distributed connecting rods 5. The central bearing 6 is sleeved with a center column 7 in the middle, a lifting ring 8 is installed on the top of the center column 7 and is connected to the hook, one end of multiple limit rods 3 is also sleeved with a pull plate 10, multiple pull plates 10 are installed with connecting rings 11, both ends of the steel cable 9 are connected with rings 12, one of the rings 12 is sleeved on the pull ring 4, and the other ring 12 is sleeved on the connecting ring 11, a limit spring 14 is sleeved on the corresponding limit rod 3, and the two ends of the limit spring 14 are respectively connected to the corresponding pull plate 10 and the cross arm 2.

[0036] When it is necessary to hoist the hollow steel pipe 1, multiple hollow steel pipes 1 to be hoisted are arranged side by side on the supporting ground, and the crane is controlled to lower the hook to an appropriate height so that the cross arms 2 on both sides are adapted to the height of the hollow steel pipe 1. Then, the cross arms 2 on both sides are pulled so that multiple limit rods 3 correspond to the positions of the corresponding hollow steel pipes 1, and then the fixed plates 13 on the corresponding positions are pulled to drive the limit rods 3 to move away from the hollow steel pipe 1. The limit springs 14 are stretched and stored to store force. After the cross arms 2 are moved close to the end of the hollow steel pipe 1, the fixed plates 13 are released. Under the elastic force of the limit springs 14, the pulling plate 10 drives one end of the limit rod 3 to enter the interior of the hollow steel pipe 1. The limit is completed on one end of the hollow steel pipe 1. Similarly, the other end of the hollow steel pipe 1 is fixed in the same limiting manner. Subsequently, the crane is controlled to operate so that the hook drives the pull ring 4 to rise through the lifting ring 8, that is, the corresponding limit rods 3 are pulled up by multiple steel cables 9, thereby driving multiple groups of hollow steel pipes 1 to rise synchronously. Under the abutment of the limit rods 3 and the cross arms 2, the stability of the hollow steel pipes 1 during the lifting and transportation process is improved compared with the bundling transportation method in the prior art. At the same time, the cross arms 2 and other settings are adopted to make the spacing between adjacent limit rods 3 adjustable, which can adapt to the use of hollow steel pipes 1 with different inner diameters, thereby improving the use range of the entire lifting device.

[0037] like Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the triangular chuck 16 is sleeved on one end of the corresponding limit rod 3 located in the hollow steel tube 1, and multiple sliders 17 at the same relative position are slidably clamped in the corresponding triangular chuck 16. After the triangular chuck 16 is operated, it can drive multiple sliders 17 at the same relative position to move closer to or away from each other. Multiple extension rods 18 are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the corresponding slider 17. Both ends of the columnar damping 19 pass through the cross arm 2 of the corresponding group and extend to the outside of the two sides of the corresponding cross arm 2. When the limit rod 3 is inserted into the inside of the corresponding hollow steel tube 1 to limit it, the corresponding triangular chuck 16 can also be controlled to operate, so that the multiple sliders 17 at the same relative position move away from each other and drive the corresponding extension rod 18 to move synchronously until they are tightly against the inner wall of the hollow steel tube 1. The extension rod 18 is fixedly connected to one end of the slider 17, so that the hollow steel pipe 1 is not prone to accidental sliding during transportation, thereby improving its stability during transportation. At the same time, when multiple hollow steel pipes 1 are lifted off the supporting surface in the early stage, due to the self-weight of the steel pipes, adjacent hollow steel pipes 1 will quickly approach each other. At this time, through the setting of the column damping 19, when the hollow steel pipe 1 pulls multiple groups of cross arms 2 to rotate and contract, it can play a blocking role on the cross arms 2, thereby slowing down the rotation rate of the cross arms 2 to slow down the impact force between the hollow steel pipes 1. At the same time, through the setting of the column damping 19, the swinging of the hollow steel pipe 1 caused by the wind during air transportation can be reduced, thereby improving the "bundling" effect between multiple hollow steel pipes 1 and further improving the stability of the hollow steel pipe 1 during transportation.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, rollers are provided at the ends of the cross arms 2 on the same side edge. By providing the rollers, it is convenient to drag the cross arms 2 at both ends on the supporting ground to change the spacing between adjacent limit rods 3 and adapt to the use of hollow steel pipes 1 with different inner diameters.

[0039] The technical solution provided by the present invention is to arrange multiple hollow steel pipes to be hoisted in parallel on the supporting ground, and control the crane operation to lower the hook to an appropriate height so that the cross arms on both sides are adapted to the height of the hollow steel pipe, and then pull the cross arms on both sides so that multiple limit rods correspond to the positions of the corresponding hollow steel pipes, and then pull the fixed plates on the corresponding positions to drive the limit rods to move in the direction away from the hollow steel pipe, and the limit springs are stretched and stored to move the cross arms close to the ends of the hollow steel pipes, and then release the fixed plates. Under the elastic force of the limit springs, the pulling plate drives one end of the limit rod to enter the interior of the hollow steel pipe, thereby releasing the air One end of the core steel pipe is limited, and similarly, the other end of the hollow steel pipe is fixed in the same limiting manner. Subsequently, the crane is controlled to operate so that the hook drives the pull ring to rise through the lifting ring, that is, the corresponding limiting rods are pulled up by multiple steel cables, thereby driving multiple groups of hollow steel pipes to rise synchronously. Under the abutment effect of the limiting rods and the cross arms, the stability of the hollow steel pipes during lifting and transportation is improved compared to the bundling transportation method in the prior art. At the same time, the use of settings such as cross arms makes the spacing between adjacent limiting rods adjustable, which can adapt to the use of hollow steel pipes with different inner diameters, thereby improving the scope of use of the entire lifting device.

[0040] When the limit rod is inserted into the corresponding hollow steel pipe to limit its position, the corresponding triangular chuck can also be controlled to operate, so that multiple sliders at the same relative position move away from each other and drive the corresponding extension rods to move synchronously until they are tightly against the inner wall of the hollow steel pipe. Since the extension rod is fixedly connected to one end of the slider, the hollow steel pipe is not prone to accidental sliding during transportation, thereby improving its stability during transportation. At the same time, in the early stage of lifting multiple hollow steel pipes off the supporting surface, due to the deadweight of the steel pipes, adjacent hollow steel pipes will quickly approach each other. At this time, through the setting of column damping, when the hollow steel pipe pulls multiple groups of cross arms to rotate and contract, it can play a blocking role on the cross arms, thereby slowing down the rotation rate of the cross arms to reduce the impact force between the hollow steel pipes. At the same time, through the setting of column damping, the swinging of the hollow steel pipes caused by the influence of wind during aerial transportation can be reduced, thereby improving the "bundling" effect between multiple hollow steel pipes and further improving the stability of the hollow steel pipes during transportation.

[0041] The present invention encompasses any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and solutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. To provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art will be able to fully understand the present invention without these detailed descriptions. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail.

[0042] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned embodiment method can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc.

[0043] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety hoisting device for construction, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of cross arms located on both sides and used for hoisting hollow steel pipes, the ends of the plurality of cross arms on the same side being rotatably connected by a rotating shaft, and a plurality of cross arms being further installed with a limiting assembly for fixing the ends of the hollow steel pipes, the limiting assembly comprising a limiting rod with one end extending to the interior of the corresponding hollow steel pipe, and a limiting spring connected between one end of the limiting rod and the cross arm, a pull ring connected to a hook through a lifting ring is further provided above the hollow steel pipe, and the pull ring is connected to the plurality of limiting rods through a plurality of steel cables; The limit assembly also includes a triangular chuck installed on one end of the limit rod, and multiple groups of extension rods connected to the end of the slider and adapted to the inner wall of the hollow steel pipe. The slider is slidably installed on the corresponding triangular chuck. Multiple groups of cross arms are also provided with columnar dampers that slow down the rotation rate of the corresponding cross arms, and the columnar dampers are staggered with the limit rod.

2. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the ends of two adjacent groups of the cross arms, and both ends of the rotating shaft respectively penetrate the corresponding cross arms and extend to the outside of the two sides of the corresponding cross arms.

3. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit rod is slidably mounted on the corresponding group of cross arms, and both ends of the limit rod are respectively located in the corresponding hollow steel pipe and outside one side of the cross arm. One end of each of the limit rods is fixedly connected to a fixed plate.

4. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pull ring is connected to the same central bearing through a plurality of evenly distributed connecting rods. The middle of the central bearing is sleeved with a central column. The lifting ring is installed on the top of the central column and connected to the hook.

5. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of each of the limit rods is sleeved with a pull plate, and each of the pull plates is provided with a connecting ring. Both ends of the steel cable are connected with a ring, one of the rings is sleeved on the pull ring, and the other ring is sleeved on the connecting ring.

6. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limit spring is sleeved on the corresponding limit rod, and two ends of the limit spring are respectively connected to the corresponding pull plate and the cross arm.

7. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triangular chuck is sleeved on one end of the corresponding limit rod located in the hollow steel tube, and the multiple sliders at the same relative position are slidably clamped in the corresponding triangular chuck. After the triangular chuck is operated, it can drive the multiple sliders at the same relative position to move closer to or away from each other.

8. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of extension rods are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the corresponding sliding block.

9. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the columnar damper pass through the corresponding group of cross arms and extend to the outside of the two sides of the corresponding cross arms respectively.

10. The safety hoisting device for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ends of the cross arms on the same side edge are provided with rollers.

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