A head-up display device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a head-up display device, which includes an image source, a lens group, and a waveguide assembly; the waveguide assembly includes at least one layer of waveguide substrate, and the waveguide substrate includes at least one coupling-in region and at least one coupling-out region; the coupling-in region is located on the side of the waveguide substrate close to the image source; the coupling-out region is located on the side of the waveguide substrate far from the image source or on the side close to the image source; the image source emits an image light beam to the lens group; the lens group adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and emits the image light beam to the coupling-in region; the image light beam is coupled into the waveguide substrate by the coupling-in region, and the image light beam propagates in the waveguide substrate to the coupling-out region and is then coupled out by the coupling-out region; the image light beam exits the waveguide substrate from the coupling-out region to the imaging element, and a virtual image is formed by reflection of the imaging element. The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention uses a lens group and a waveguide assembly to replace the combined structure of a traditional aspherical mirror and a free-form surface mirror, which can reduce the volume of the head-up display device and improve the performance stability of the head-up display device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of display technology, and particularly to a head-up display device. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the human-machine interaction solution, the head-up display (HUD) system is an important system component for the future intelligent, networked, and human-machine interaction of vehicles. According to the different product imaging methods and imaging forms of the HUD system, it can be roughly divided into the first-generation C-HUD combined type, the second-generation W-HUD windshield type, and the third-generation AR-HUD augmented reality type.

[0003] Some HUDs on the market are realized through a large curved mirror. Due to the large volume of the curved mirror, it is very difficult to further reduce the volume of the HUD, and the curved mirror in the HUD belongs to a complex and high-precision part with a high price. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a head-up display device to solve the problems of the existing head-up display device using a combination optical path structure of a free-form surface mirror and an aspherical mirror, resulting in an overly large device volume and affecting the layout of the head-up display device.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a head-up display device, which includes an image source, a lens group, and a waveguide component; the waveguide component includes at least one layer of waveguide substrate, and the waveguide substrate includes at least one coupling-in area and at least one coupling-out area;

[0006] The coupling-in area is located on the side of the waveguide substrate close to the image source; the coupling-out area is located on the side of the waveguide substrate far from the image source or on the side close to the image source;

[0007] The image source emits an image light beam to the lens group; the lens group adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and emits the image light beam to the coupling-in area; the image light beam is coupled into the waveguide substrate by the coupling-in area, the image light beam propagates in the waveguide substrate to the coupling-out area and is then coupled out by the coupling-out area; the image light beam exits the waveguide substrate from the coupling-out area to an imaging element, and a virtual image is formed by reflection of the imaging element.

[0008] Optionally, the head-up display device further includes at least two reflection units; the lens group includes a plurality of spherical lenses; the reflection units and the plurality of spherical lenses are arranged on the propagation optical path of the image light beam;

[0009] The reflection unit is used to reflect the image light beam and shorten the optical path of the image light beam.

[0010] Due to many limiting factors in the specific design of the head-up display device, such as structural space limitations, the length of the eyepiece (i.e., the above-mentioned lens group) is limited. And usually, the lenses in the head-up display device are made of glass materials, and it is difficult to process free-form surfaces for glass. Therefore, this application uses multiple spherical lenses, which have lower processing difficulty, lower cost, and lower tolerance sensitivity compared to free-form surfaces, making the optical quality of the head-up display device using multiple spherical lenses as the eyepiece more stable and providing a better user experience.

[0011] Optionally, the multiple reflection units include a first reflection unit, a second reflection unit, and a third reflection unit; the lens group includes a first lens group and a second lens group; both the first lens group and the second lens group include multiple spherical lenses.

[0012] The first lens group, the first reflection unit, the second reflection unit, the second lens group, and the third reflection unit are sequentially arranged on the optical path of the image beam emitted by the image source; the first reflection unit and the second reflection unit are arranged opposite to each other, the first reflection unit forms a first preset angle with the main optical axis of the image beam, and the second reflection unit forms a second preset angle with the main optical axis of the image beam; the third reflection unit forms a third preset angle with the main optical axis of the image beam.

[0013] The image source emits an image beam to the first lens group; the first lens group adjusts the propagation direction of the image beam and emits the image beam to the first reflection unit; the first reflection unit reflects the image beam to the second reflection unit; the second reflection unit reflects the image beam to the second lens group; the second lens group adjusts the propagation direction of the image beam and propagates the image beam to the third reflection unit, and the third reflection unit reflects the image beam to the coupling-in area, where the image beam reflected by the third reflection unit to the coupling-in area is perpendicular to the coupling-in area.

[0014] Optionally, the first lens group includes a plano-convex lens and a convex-concave lens; the second lens group includes a first biconvex lens, a biconcave lens, and a second biconvex lens.

[0015] The plano-convex lens, the convex-concave lens, the first biconvex lens, the biconcave lens, and the second biconvex lens are sequentially arranged along the optical path of the image beam; the plane of the plano-convex lens is located on the side of the plano-convex lens close to the image source.

[0016] Optionally, the plano-convex lens includes a plane S1 and a spherical surface S2 with a radius of curvature R2; the central thickness on the optical axis of the plano-convex lens is h1, and the aperture is φ1*φ2; R2 = -163.276 mm, h1 = 5 mm, and φ1*φ2 = 70 mm*40 mm;

[0017] The convex-concave lens includes two spherical surfaces S3 and S4 with radii of curvature R3 and R4; the central thickness on the optical axis of the convex-concave lens is h2, and the aperture is φ3*φ4; R3 = 422.81 mm, R4 = 57.17 mm, h2 = 5 mm, and φ3*φ4 = 60 mm*60 mm;

[0018] The first biconvex lens includes two spherical surfaces S5 and S6 with radii of curvature R5 and R6; the central thickness on the optical axis of the first biconvex lens is h3, and the aperture is φ5*φ6; R5 = 283.182 mm, R6 = -200 mm, h3 = 30 mm, and φ5*φ6 = 150 mm*50 mm;

[0019] The biconcave lens includes two spherical surfaces S7 and S8 with radii of curvature R7 and R8; the central thickness on the optical axis of the biconcave lens is h4, and the aperture is φ7*φ8; R7 = -429.56 mm, R8 = 152.78 mm, h4 = 5 mm, and φ7*φ8 = 150 mm*60 mm;

[0020] The second biconvex lens includes two spherical surfaces S9 and S10 with radii of curvature R9 and R10; the central thickness on the optical axis of the second biconvex lens is h5, and the aperture is φ9*φ10; R9 = 169.90 mm, R10 = -173.70 mm, h5 = 32.91 mm, and φ9*φ10 = 150 mm*60 mm.

[0021] Optionally, the image source includes a backlight unit and an image display unit; the backlight unit includes a plurality of light-emitting structures and a collimating structure; the image display unit is located on the optical path of the image light corresponding to the image light emitted by the backlight unit;

[0022] A plurality of the light-emitting structures are arranged in parallel along a first direction and staggered along a second direction; a plurality of the light-emitting structures are configured to be able to individually adjust the brightness of the light-emitting structures parallel to the second direction;

[0023] A plurality of the light-emitting structures emit the image light to the collimating structure; the image light is collimated by the collimating structure and then emitted to the image display unit, and the image display unit forms an image according to the image light and emits the image light beam;

[0024] Wherein, the first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0025] Optionally, the plurality of light-emitting structures include a red light-emitting unit, a green light-emitting unit, and a blue light-emitting unit;

[0026] The red light-emitting unit, the green light-emitting unit, and the blue light-emitting unit are arranged in parallel along the first direction and are arranged in a staggered manner along the second direction;

[0027] The plurality of light-emitting structures are configured such that three adjacent light-emitting structures include the red light-emitting unit, the green light-emitting unit, and the blue light-emitting unit, and the light-emitting structures arranged in parallel along the second direction are one of the red light-emitting unit, the green light-emitting unit, and the blue light-emitting unit, and the brightness of the light-emitting structures arranged in parallel along the second direction can be adjusted individually.

[0028] Optionally, the image source further includes a light homogenizing structure; the light homogenizing structure is located on a side of the collimating structure close to the image display unit.

[0029] Optionally, the head-up display device further includes a beam splitting structure;

[0030] The beam splitting structure is located on the optical path of the image source for emitting the image beam, and is configured to split the image beam into image beams of different bands; the image beams of different bands include a first band, a second band, and a third band;

[0031] The image beams of the first band, the second band, and the third band are respectively transmitted in the waveguide substrate.

[0032] Optionally, the waveguide substrate includes a first waveguide substrate and a second waveguide substrate arranged in a stacked manner;

[0033] The first waveguide substrate is located on a side of the second waveguide substrate close to the beam splitting structure; the second waveguide substrate is located on a side of the first waveguide substrate away from the beam splitting structure;

[0034] The first waveguide substrate is configured to transmit the image beams of the first band and the second band; the second waveguide substrate is configured to transmit the image beams of the second band and the third band.

[0035] Optionally, the waveguide substrate includes a third waveguide substrate, a fourth waveguide substrate, and a fifth waveguide substrate arranged in a stacked manner;

[0036] The third waveguide substrate is located on a side of the fourth waveguide substrate close to the beam splitting structure; the fifth waveguide substrate is located on a side of the fourth waveguide substrate away from the beam splitting structure;

[0037] The third waveguide substrate is used to transmit the image light beam of the first band; the fourth waveguide substrate is used to transmit the image light beam of the second band; the fifth waveguide substrate is used to transmit the image light beam of the third waveguide.

[0038] Optionally, a turning area is further included between the coupling-in area and the coupling-out area; the image light beam coupled into the waveguide substrate from the coupling-in area is expanded to the coupling-out area through the turning area and is coupled out of the waveguide substrate by the coupling-out area.

[0039] Optionally, the waveguide assembly includes a diffractive optical waveguide or an arrayed optical waveguide.

[0040] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, a lens group is used to adjust the propagation direction of the image light beam emitted by the image source, and a waveguide assembly is used to couple the image light beam in and out to achieve one-dimensional or two-dimensional pupil expansion. On the one hand, for R & D personnel, the traditional method of using a relatively expensive large curved mirror is not adopted, the cost is lower, which is beneficial to the mass production of products, and the product volume is smaller, so that the product can be applied to a wider range. On the other hand, for users, the smaller product volume is conducive to optimizing the overall structure of the head-up display device, leaving more space for other devices, thereby improving the user experience.

[0041] It should be understood that the content described in this part is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it used to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a lens group provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of an image source provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5Schematic structural diagram of a light-emitting structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;;

[0048] Figure 6 Schematic structural diagram of the third head-up display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 Schematic structural diagram of the fourth head-up display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 Top view structural diagram of a waveguide assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 Schematic structural diagram of the fourth head-up display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 Schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional waveguide assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0053] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present invention described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0055] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of the first head-up display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1As shown, the head-up display device includes an image source 100, a lens group 200, and a waveguide assembly 300; the waveguide assembly 300 includes at least one layer of waveguide substrate 310, and the waveguide substrate includes at least one coupling-in region 320 and at least one coupling-out region 330; the coupling-in region 320 is located on the side of the waveguide substrate 310 close to the image source 100. The coupling-out region 330 is located on the side of the waveguide substrate 310 facing away from the image source 100 or on the side close to the image source 100 ( Figure 1 not shown). The image source 100 emits an image light beam to the lens group 200; the lens group 200 adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and emits the image light beam to the coupling-in region 320; the image light beam is coupled into the waveguide substrate 310 by the coupling-in region 320, and the image light beam propagates in the waveguide substrate 310 to the coupling-out region 330 and then is coupled out by the coupling-out region 330; the image light beam is emitted from the coupling-out region 330 out of the waveguide substrate 310 to the imaging element 400, and is reflected by the imaging element 400 and enters the human eye to form a virtual image.

[0056] Among them, the image source 100 includes, but is not limited to, a light-emitting structure such as a backlight circuit board (configured with multiple lamp beads), and an image display structure such as a liquid crystal display screen. According to the requirements for imaging quality, a collimating structure for collimating the light emitted by the light-emitting structure, such as a TIR lens, can also be provided. The lens group 200 is a plurality of lenses set according to actual imaging requirements and the overall layout of the head-up display device. In specific implementation, it can include multiple biconvex lenses for focusing and biconcave lenses for diverging, or a plano-convex lens for converging and diverging the image light beam can also be set according to the quality of the image light beam emitted by the image source 100. The waveguide assembly 300 includes, but is not limited to, a diffractive optical waveguide or an arrayed waveguide. The number of layers of the waveguide substrate 310 can be set according to actual image display requirements. For example, 3 layers of waveguide substrates can be set to respectively transmit red, green, and blue image light beams. The coupling-in region 320 includes, but is not limited to, a coupling-in grating, and the coupling-out region 330 includes, but is not limited to, a coupling-out grating. In specific implementation, it can be set according to the actual structure of the waveguide assembly 300. For example, when the waveguide assembly 300 is a diffractive optical waveguide, the coupling-in region 320 can include a surface relief grating (SRG) or a volume holographic grating (VHG). For example, when the waveguide assembly 300 is an arrayed waveguide, the coupling-out region 330 can include at least one set of exit pupil splitting films disposed in the waveguide substrate. The imaging element 400 includes, but is not limited to, a windshield, and can also be set to other forms of imaging elements according to actual requirements.

[0057] Specifically, an image light beam is emitted from an image source 100 to a lens group 200. The lens group 200 adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam, so that the divergent image light beam emitted from the image source 100 can be perpendicularly incident on an input region 320, and is coupled into a waveguide substrate 310 by the input region 320, and is totally reflected and propagated in the waveguide substrate 310 to an output region 330 and then coupled out. It can be understood that the image light beam is totally reflected and propagated in the waveguide substrate 100 to one side of the output region 330 close to the input region 320. Since the output region 330 has a certain range, part of the image light beam can be coupled out of the waveguide substrate 310, and the other part of the image light beam continues to be totally reflected and propagated in the waveguide substrate 310. When it is incident on the output region again, similarly, part of the image light beam is coupled out, and the other part continues to be totally reflected and propagated, thereby realizing pupil expansion along the total reflection propagation direction of the image light beam in the waveguide substrate 100. The image light beam coupled out of the waveguide substrate 310 by the output region 330 is incident on an imaging element 400, and a virtual image is formed after being reflected by the imaging element, so that it can be viewed by the human eye.

[0058] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, a lens group is used to adjust the propagation direction of the image light beam emitted from the image source, so that the divergent image light beam emitted from the image source can be perpendicularly incident on the input region, so that the incident angle of the image light beam can meet the input angle requirement, thereby ensuring the input efficiency. A waveguide component is used for coupling in and out the image light beam and total reflection propagation to realize pupil expansion in one-dimensional or two-dimensional directions, solving the problem that the combination structure of a traditional aspherical mirror and a free-form surface mirror causes the head-up display device to be too large in volume, and realizing the technical effects of optimizing the overall device layout and improving the user experience.

[0059] Optionally, Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a second head-up display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 2 shown, the head-up display device further includes at least two reflection units 500; the lens group 200 includes a plurality of spherical lenses 201 ( Figure 2 (not shown)); the reflection units 500 and the plurality of spherical lenses 201 ( Figure 2 (not shown)) are arranged on the propagation optical path of the image light beam; the reflection unit 500 is used for reflecting the image light beam to shorten the optical path of the image light beam.

[0060] Wherein, the number of the reflection units 500 can be set according to the spatial arrangement of the actual components of the head-up display device, and no limitation is made here. The types of the spherical lenses 201 can be set according to the actual FOV (field of view) and VID (virtual image distance).

[0061] Specifically, since the actual working process of the head-up display device is mounted in front of a vehicle or other vehicle, if the device volume is too large, it will affect the layout of the other devices in the vehicle and the user's field of view. The reflection unit 500 is provided to reflect the image light beam, so that the optical path is deflected and the optical path of the image light beam is shortened. And due to space limitations, the length and other dimensions occupied by the lens group 200 under actual working conditions are limited. Therefore, if we want to adjust the propagation direction of the image light beam to achieve the required FOV and VID, a more precise free-form lens is needed. However, since it is difficult to achieve a very high-precision surface shape with materials such as glass, multiple spherical lenses are used. Compared with the free-form surface, the processing difficulty is lower, the cost is lower, the tolerance sensitivity is lower, and the optical quality is more stable.

[0062] Optionally, continue to refer to Figure 2 , the multiple reflection units 500 include a first reflection unit 510, a second reflection unit 520, and a third reflection unit 530; the lens group 200 includes a first lens group 210 and a second lens group 220; both the first lens group 210 and the second lens group 220 include multiple spherical lenses 201( Figure 2 (not shown); the first lens group 210, the first reflection unit 510, the second reflection unit 520, the second lens group 220, and the third reflection unit 530 are sequentially arranged on the optical path of the image light beam emitted by the image source 100; the first reflection unit 510 and the second reflection unit 520 are oppositely arranged, the first reflection unit 510 forms a first preset angle with the main optical axis of the image light beam, and the second reflection unit 520 forms a second preset angle with the main optical axis of the image light beam; the third reflection unit forms a third preset angle with the main optical axis of the image light beam.

[0063] Continue to refer to Figure 2 , the image source 100 emits an image light beam to the first lens group 210; the first lens group 210 adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and emits the image light beam to the first reflection unit 510; the first reflection unit 510 reflects the image light beam to the second reflection unit 520; the second reflection unit 520 reflects the image light beam to the second lens group 220; the second lens group 220 adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and propagates the image light beam to the third reflection unit 530, and the third reflection unit 530 reflects the image light beam to the coupling-in area 320. Among them, the lens composition of the first lens group 210 and the second lens group 220 can be set according to actual imaging requirements, for example, the lens parameters and lens types of the lenses are set according to the image display clarity, FOV (field of view angle), and VID (virtual image distance). The setting positions of the first reflection unit 510, the second reflection unit 520, and the third reflection unit 530, and the actual values of the first preset angle, the second preset angle, and the third preset angle can be set according to the layout requirements and volume requirements of the head-up display device, and are not limited here.

[0064] Specifically, an image light beam emitted from the light source 100 is incident on the first lens group 210. After the propagation direction is adjusted by the first lens group 210, the light beam is emitted to the first reflection unit 510. After being reflected by the first reflection unit 510, the light beam is incident on the second reflection unit 520. The image light beam reflected by the second reflection unit 520 is incident on the second lens group 220. The second lens group 220 adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and emits the image light beam to the third reflection unit 530. The third reflection unit 530 reflects the image light beam to the coupling-in region 320.

[0065] In summary, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention further refines the lens group for adjusting the propagation direction of the image light beam into a lens group composed of a plurality of spherical lenses arranged along the optical path, and a reflection unit for deflecting the optical path is arranged between the two lens groups. While realizing the adjustment of the optical path and meeting the FOV and VID required by the user, the optical path of the image light beam is deflected, the optical path of the image light beam is shortened, and the image light beam is vertically incident on the waveguide assembly, further reducing the volume of the head-up display device while ensuring the coupling efficiency.

[0066] Optionally, Figure 3 The following is a schematic structural diagram of a lens group provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 3 shown, the first lens group 210 includes a plano-convex lens 211 and a convex-concave lens 212; the second lens group 220 includes a first biconvex lens 221, a biconcave lens 222, and a second biconvex lens 223; the plano-convex lens 211, the convex-concave lens 222, the first biconvex lens 223, the biconcave lens 222, and the second biconvex lens 223 are arranged in sequence along the optical path of the image light beam; the plane of the plano-convex lens 211 is located on the side of the plano-convex lens close to the light source 100.

[0067] Specifically, in specific implementation, the lens parameters of the plano-convex lens 211, the convex-concave lens 212, the first biconvex lens 221, the biconcave lens 222, and the second biconvex lens 223, as well as the actual distance between the lenses, can all be set according to the imaging requirements, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this.

[0068] Optionally, continue to refer to Figure 3, the plano-convex lens 211 includes a plane S1 and a spherical surface S2 with a radius of curvature R2; the central thickness on the optical axis of the plano-convex lens 211 is h1, and the aperture is φ1*φ2; R2 = -163.276 mm; h1 = 5 mm, φ1*φ2 = 70 mm*40 mm; the convex-concave lens 212 includes two spherical surfaces S3 and S4 with radii of curvature R3 and R4; the central thickness on the optical axis of the convex-concave lens 212 is h2, and the aperture is φ3*φ4; R3 = 422.81 mm, R4 = 57.17 mm, h2 = 5 mm, φ3*φ4 = 60 mm*60 mm; the first biconvex lens 221 includes two spherical surfaces S5 and S6 with radii of curvature R5 and R6; the central thickness on the optical axis of the first biconvex lens 221 is h3, and the aperture is φ5*φ6; R5 = 283.182 mm, R6 = -200 mm, h3 = 30 mm, φ5*φ6 = 150 mm*50 mm; the biconcave lens 222 includes two spherical surfaces S7 and S8 with radii of curvature R7 and R8; the central thickness on the optical axis of the biconcave lens 222 is h4, and the aperture is φ7*φ8; R7 = -429.56 mm, R8 = 152.78 mm, h4 = 5 mm, φ7*φ8 = 150 mm*60 mm; the second biconvex lens 223 includes two spherical surfaces S9 and S10 with radii of curvature R9 and R10; the central thickness on the optical axis of the second biconvex lens 223 is h5, and the aperture is φ9*φ10; R9 = 169.90 mm, R10 = -173.70 mm, h5 = 32.91 mm, φ9*φ10 = 150 mm*60 mm.

[0069] Specifically, the image light beam enters the plano-convex lens 211 from the plane S1 and sequentially passes through the first biconcave lens 212, the first biconvex lens 221, the second biconcave lens 222, and the second biconvex lens 223. The propagation optical path of the image light beam is adjusted, and within a limited optical path, a certain VID and FOV are obtained.

[0070] Optionally, Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an image source provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-emitting structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown in the figure, the image source 100 includes a backlight unit 110 and an image display unit 120; the backlight unit 110 includes a plurality of light-emitting structures 111 and a collimating structure 112; the image display unit 120 is located on the optical path of the image light corresponding to the image light beam emitted by the backlight unit 110; the plurality of light-emitting structures 111 are arranged in parallel along the first direction 1 and staggered along the second direction 2; the plurality of light-emitting structures 110 are configured to be able to individually adjust the brightness of the light-emitting structures 110 parallel to the second direction 2; the plurality of light-emitting structures 110 emit image light to the collimating structure 112; the image light is collimated by the collimating structure 112 and then emitted to the image display unit 120; the image display unit 120 forms an image according to the image light and emits an image light beam; wherein the first direction 1 intersects with the second direction 2.

[0071] Among them, the number, actual specifications and types of the light-emitting structures 111 can be set according to actual imaging requirements and are not limited herein. For example, LED lamp beads. The image display unit 120 includes, but is not limited to, an LCD (liquid crystal display screen). The collimating structure 112 includes, but is not limited to, a total internal reflection (TIR) lens.

[0072] Specifically, in specific implementation, the light-emitting structures 111 are mostly monochromatic lamp beads. Every three adjacent light-emitting structures 111 respectively emit red light, green light and blue light, and these three monochromatic lights are mixed to form white light during propagation.

[0073] In some cases, for the image light beam further coupled out by the coupling-out region 330 after the white light is incident on the waveguide assembly, the light beams of the same color will change color as the coupling-out distance is different, and the light beams of different colors have different brightnesses. Further, to solve the chromatic dispersion problem, in some embodiments of the present application, by separately controlling the brightness of the three lamp beads in each column, the problems of color change and brightness non-uniformity generated after the image light beam is coupled out by the coupling-out region 330 can be compensated, and the imaging effect is further improved.

[0074] Optionally, continue to refer to Figure 5 , the plurality of light-emitting structures 111 include a red light-emitting unit 1111, a green light-emitting unit 1112 and a blue light-emitting unit 1113. The red light-emitting unit 1111, the green light-emitting unit 1112 and the blue light-emitting unit 1113 are arranged in parallel along the first direction 1 and staggered along the second direction 2; the plurality of light-emitting structures 111 are configured such that every three adjacent light-emitting structures 111 are respectively the red light-emitting unit 1111, the green light-emitting unit 1112 and the blue light-emitting unit 1113, and the light-emitting structures 111 arranged parallel to the second direction 2 are one of the red light-emitting unit 1111, the green light-emitting unit 1112 and the blue light-emitting unit 1113, and the brightness of the light-emitting structures 111 arranged parallel to the second direction 2 can be individually adjusted.

[0075] Among them, the proportion and brightness of the red light-emitting unit 111, the green light-emitting unit 112, and the blue light-emitting unit 113 in the multiple light-emitting structures 110 can be set according to actual needs and are not limited herein.

[0076] Specifically, in the actual application process, by adjusting the respective brightnesses of the three-color light-emitting units, when the three-color light rays emitted by the adjacent three light-emitting structures 110 form white light and are coupled out of the waveguide substrate 310 through the coupling-out region 330, the brightness can be more uniform and there is no dispersion phenomenon.

[0077] Optionally, continuing to refer to Figure 4 , the light source 100 further includes a light homogenizing structure 130; the light homogenizing structure 130 is located on the side of the collimating structure 112 close to the image display unit.

[0078] Among them, the light homogenizing structure 130 includes but is not limited to an MLA microlens array.

[0079] Specifically, the image light rays emitted by the light-emitting structure 111 are collimated by the collimating structure and homogenized by the light homogenizing structure 130 and then emitted to the image display unit 120, ensuring the quality of the image light beam emitted by the image display unit 120 and the imaging of the head-up display device.

[0080] Optionally, Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third head-up display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 6 shown, the head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a beam splitting structure 600; the beam splitting structure 600 is located on the optical path of the image light beam emitted by the light source 100 and is used to divide the image light beam into image light beams of different bands; the image light beams of different bands include a first band, a second band, and a third band; the image light beams of the first band, the second band, and the third band are respectively transmitted in the waveguide substrate 310.

[0081] Among them, the beam splitting structure 600 includes but is not limited to a polarizing plate, and can also be an optical device such as a prism. The actual structure and type can be set according to actual needs and are not limited herein. The first band can be a blue light band, the second band can be a green light band, and the third band can be a red light band.

[0082] Specifically, the image light beam is divided into light beams of different bands by the beam splitting structure 600 and then the transmission of the image light beams of different bands is realized through different waveguide substrates, thereby improving the transmission efficiency.

[0083] Optionally, continuing to refer to Figure 6, the waveguide substrate 310 includes a first waveguide substrate 311 and a second waveguide substrate 312 arranged in a stack; the first waveguide substrate 311 is located on the side of the second waveguide substrate 312 close to the beam splitting structure 600; the second waveguide substrate 312 is located on the side of the first waveguide substrate 311 away from the beam splitting structure 600; the first waveguide substrate 311 is used to transmit image beams in the first band and the second band; the second band substrate 312 is used to transmit image beams in the second band and the third band. Among them, the actual specifications of the first waveguide substrate 311 and the second waveguide substrate 312 can be set according to the band where the image beam to be transmitted is located, and no limitation is made here.

[0084] Specifically, two waveguide substrates are provided, and the image beam is split by the beam splitting structure 600, so that the image beams in different bands are accurately transmitted, thereby improving the imaging quality.

[0085] Optionally, Figure 7 is a schematic top view structure diagram of the fourth head-up display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 7 shown, the waveguide substrate 310 includes a third waveguide substrate 313, a fourth waveguide substrate 314, and a fifth waveguide substrate 315 arranged in a stack; the third waveguide substrate 313 is located on the side of the fourth waveguide substrate 314 close to the beam splitting structure 600; the fifth waveguide substrate 315 is located on the side of the fourth waveguide substrate 314 away from the beam splitting structure 600; the third waveguide substrate 313 is used to transmit image beams in the first band; the fourth waveguide substrate 314 is used to transmit image beams in the second band; the fifth waveguide substrate 315 is used to transmit image beams in the third band.

[0086] Among them, the actual specifications of the third waveguide substrate 313, the fourth waveguide substrate 314, and the fifth waveguide substrate 315 can be set according to the band where the image beam to be transmitted is located, and no limitation is made here.

[0087] Specifically, three waveguide substrates are provided, and the image beam is split by the beam splitting structure 600, so that the image beams in different bands are accurately transmitted, thereby improving the imaging quality.

[0088] Optionally, Figure 8 is a schematic top view structure diagram of a waveguide assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 8 shown, a turning area 340 is further included between the coupling-in area 320 and the coupling-out area 330; the image beam coupled into the waveguide substrate 310 from the coupling-in area 320 is expanded to the coupling-out area 330 through the turning area 340 and is coupled out of the waveguide substrate 310 by the coupling-out area 330.

[0089] Among them, the turning region 340 includes but is not limited to a fold / turn grating 340. The setting position of the turning region 340 can be determined according to the positions of the coupling-in region 320 and the coupling-out region 330, which is not limited herein.

[0090] Specifically, the image light beam coupled into the waveguide substrate 310 from the coupling-in region 320 is totally reflected and propagated to the turning region 340, expanded to the coupling-out region 330 through the turning region 340, and coupled out of the waveguide substrate 310 by the coupling-out region 330, thereby realizing two-dimensional pupil expansion.

[0091] In another specific embodiment, a head-up display device is further provided. Figure 9 As shown in the structure schematic diagram of the fourth head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 9 the head-up display device includes an image source 100, a lens group 200, and an array optical waveguide 700; the array optical waveguide 700 includes at least one layer of waveguide substrate 710, multiple groups of pupil splitting films 720, and a coupling-in structure 730 disposed on the surface of the waveguide substrate 710; the coupling-in structure 730 is located on the side of the array optical waveguide 700 close to the image source 100; the image source 100 emits an image light beam to the lens group 200; the lens group 200 adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and emits the image light beam to the coupling-in structure 730; the coupling-in structure 730 couples the image light beam into the waveguide substrate 710; part of the image light beam is transmitted through the pupil splitting film 720 and totally reflected and propagated in the waveguide substrate 710; another part of the image light beam is reflected by the pupil splitting film 720 and emitted from the side of the waveguide substrate away from the coupling-in structure 730; the image light beam is emitted from the waveguide substrate 710 to the imaging element 400 and enters the human eye after being reflected by the imaging element 400.

[0092] Among them, the number of groups of the pupil splitting films 720 can be determined according to actual pupil expansion requirements. Specifically, the coupling-in structure 730 couples the image light beam into the waveguide substrate 710. Part of the image light beam is transmitted through the pupil splitting film 720 and totally reflected and propagated in the waveguide substrate 710. Another part of the image light beam is reflected by the pupil splitting film 720 and emitted from the side of the waveguide substrate away from the coupling-in structure 730, thereby realizing pupil expansion of the image light beam in the total reflection propagation direction.

[0093] Figure 10 As shown in the structure schematic diagram of a two-dimensional waveguide assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 10 the two-dimensional array optical waveguide includes two groups of pupil splitting films 720, and the arrangement directions of the two groups of pupil splitting films are cross-set, thereby realizing two-dimensional pupil expansion.

[0094] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A head-up display device, characterized in that, It includes an image source, a lens group, and a waveguide component; the waveguide component includes at least one layer of waveguide substrate, and the waveguide substrate includes at least one coupling-in region and at least one coupling-out region; The coupling-in region is located on one side of the waveguide substrate close to the image source; the coupling-out region is located on one side of the waveguide substrate far from the image source or on one side close to the image source; The image source emits an image light beam to the lens group; the lens group adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and emits the image light beam to the coupling-in region; the image light beam is coupled into the waveguide substrate by the coupling-in region, and the image light beam propagates in the waveguide substrate to the coupling-out region and then is coupled out by the coupling-out region; the image light beam is emitted from the coupling-out region out of the waveguide substrate to an imaging element, and a virtual image is formed by reflection of the imaging element; It further includes at least two reflection units; the lens group includes a plurality of spherical lenses; the reflection units and the plurality of spherical lenses are arranged on the propagation optical path of the image light beam; The reflection unit is used to reflect the image light beam to shorten the optical path of the image light beam; The plurality of reflection units include a first reflection unit, a second reflection unit, and a third reflection unit; the lens group includes a first lens group and a second lens group; both the first lens group and the second lens group include a plurality of the spherical lenses; The first lens group, the first reflection unit, the second reflection unit, the second lens group, and the third reflection unit are sequentially arranged on the optical path of the image light beam emitted by the image source; the first reflection unit and the second reflection unit are oppositely arranged, the first reflection unit forms a first preset angle with the principal optical axis of the image light beam, and the second reflection unit forms a second preset angle with the principal optical axis of the image light beam; the third reflection unit forms a third preset angle with the principal optical axis of the image light beam; The image source emits an image light beam to the first lens group; the first lens group adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and emits the image light beam to the first reflection unit; the first reflection unit reflects the image light beam to the second reflection unit; the second reflection unit reflects the image light beam to the second lens group; the second lens group adjusts the propagation direction of the image light beam and propagates the image light beam to the third reflection unit, and the third reflection unit reflects the image light beam to the coupling-in region, wherein the image light beam reflected by the third reflection unit to the coupling-in region is perpendicular to the coupling-in region; The image source includes a backlight unit and an image display unit; the backlight unit includes a plurality of light-emitting structures and a collimation structure; the image display unit is located on the optical path of the image light corresponding to the image light beam emitted by the backlight unit; The plurality of light-emitting structures are arranged in parallel along a first direction and staggered along a second direction; the plurality of light-emitting structures are configured to be able to individually adjust the brightness of the light-emitting structures parallel in the second direction; The plurality of light-emitting structures emit the image light to the collimation structure; The image light is collimated by the collimation structure and then exits to the image display unit, and the image display unit forms an image according to the image light and emits the image light beam; Wherein, the first direction and the second direction intersect.

2. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein The first lens group includes a plano-convex lens and a convex-concave lens; the second lens group includes a first biconvex lens, a biconcave lens, and a second biconvex lens; The plano-convex lens, the convex-concave lens, the first biconvex lens, the biconcave lens, and the second biconvex lens are sequentially arranged along the optical path of the image light beam; the plane of the plano-convex lens is located on the side of the plano-convex lens close to the image source.

3. The head-up display device according to claim 2, wherein The plano-convex lens includes a plane S1 and a spherical surface S2 with a radius of curvature R2; the central thickness on the optical axis of the plano-convex lens is h1, and the aperture is ; R2 = -163.276 mm, the h1 = 5 mm, the ; The convex-concave lens includes two spherical surfaces S3 and S4 with curvature radii R3 and R4; the central thickness on the optical axis of the convex-concave lens is h2, and the aperture is ; R3 = 422.81 mm, R4 = 57.17 mm, h2 = 5 mm, the ; The first biconvex lens includes two spherical surfaces S5 and S6 with curvature radii of R5 and R6; the central thickness on the optical axis of the first biconvex lens is h3, and the aperture is ; where R5 = 283.182 mm, R6 = -200 mm, h3 = 30 mm, and the ; The biconcave lens includes two spherical surfaces S7 and S8 with radii of curvature R7 and R8; the central thickness on the optical axis of the biconcave lens is h4, and the aperture is ; where R7 = -429.56 mm, R8 = 152.78 mm, h4 = 5 mm, and the ; The second biconvex lens includes two spherical surfaces S9 and S10 with curvature radii of R9 and R10; the central thickness on the optical axis of the second biconvex lens is h5, and the aperture is ; where R9 = 169.90 mm, R10 = -173.70 mm, h5 = 32.91 mm, and the .

4. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of light-emitting structures include a red light-emitting unit, a green light-emitting unit, and a blue light-emitting unit; The red light-emitting unit, the green light-emitting unit, and the blue light-emitting unit are sequentially arranged in parallel along the first direction and staggered along the second direction; The plurality of light-emitting structures are configured such that three adjacent light-emitting structures include the red light-emitting unit, the green light-emitting unit, and the blue light-emitting unit, and the light-emitting structures arranged in parallel along the second direction are one of the red light-emitting unit, the green light-emitting unit, and the blue light-emitting unit, and the brightness of the light-emitting structures arranged in parallel along the second direction can be adjusted independently.

5. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The image source further includes a light homogenizing structure; the light homogenizing structure is located on the side of the collimation structure close to the image display unit.

6. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein, It further includes a beam splitting structure; The beam splitting structure is located on the optical path of the image light beam emitted by the image source and is used to split the image light beam into image light beams of different bands; the image light beams of different bands include a first band, a second band, and a third band; The image light beams of the first band, the second band, and the third band are respectively transmitted in the waveguide substrate.

7. The head-up display device according to claim 6, characterized in that The waveguide substrate includes a first waveguide substrate and a second waveguide substrate arranged in a stacked manner; The first waveguide substrate is located on the side of the second waveguide substrate close to the beam splitting structure; the second waveguide substrate is located on the side of the first waveguide substrate away from the beam splitting structure; The first waveguide substrate is used to transmit the image light beams of the first band and the second band; the second waveguide substrate is used to transmit the image light beams of the second band and the third band.

8. The head-up display device according to claim 6, wherein, The waveguide substrate includes a third waveguide substrate, a fourth waveguide substrate, and a fifth waveguide substrate arranged in a stacked manner; The third waveguide substrate is located on the side of the fourth waveguide substrate close to the beam splitting structure; the fifth waveguide substrate is located on the side of the fourth waveguide substrate away from the beam splitting structure; The third waveguide substrate is used to transmit the image light beam of the first band; the fourth waveguide substrate is used to transmit the image light beam of the second band; the fifth waveguide substrate is used to transmit the image light beam of the third band.

9. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein, A turning area is further included between the coupling-in area and the coupling-out area; the image light beam coupled into the waveguide substrate from the coupling-in area is expanded to the coupling-out area through the turning area and is coupled out of the waveguide substrate by the coupling-out area.

10. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide component includes a diffractive optical waveguide or an arrayed optical waveguide.

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