A quantum control system and a quantum computer

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of quantum information, and discloses a quantum control system and a quantum computer, wherein the quantum control system comprises at least one signal processing device and at least one radio frequency transceiver device, each of the signal processing devices comprises a first backboard, a plurality of first signal processing board cards, a plurality of second signal processing board cards and a routing board card are plugged on the backboard connector of the first backboard, the plurality of first signal processing board cards and the plurality of second signal processing board cards are connected with the routing board card; the second signal processing board card is used for generating a low-frequency signal; the radio frequency transceiver device is connected with the first signal processing board card, and the radio frequency transceiver device and the first signal processing board card connected therewith are used for generating and receiving a high-frequency signal. The quantum control system has high integration and strong expansibility, and the system has good overall coordination, so that the measurement and control requirements of a high-qubit quantum chip can be met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of quantum information, in particular to a quantum control system and a quantum computer. BACKGROUND

[0002] A quantum computer is a physical device that performs high-speed mathematical and logical operations, stores and processes quantum information in accordance with the laws of quantum mechanics. A quantum chip is the core of a quantum computer, and multiple quantum bits are integrated on the quantum chip. In order to ensure the normal operation of the quantum bits, a quantum control system needs to be built to provide various control signals, such as frequency control signals and quantum state control signals, for each quantum bit through various devices in the quantum control system. In addition, the results of the quantum computation tasks performed by the quantum bits also need to be read and measured. Considering the nature of the continuous expansion of quantum chips, the core function required by the quantum control system is scalability. However, the existing quantum control systems built with commercial instruments have poor scalability, and the core performance and overall coordination of the system are not good.

[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section of the present application is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background of the present application, and should not be regarded as acknowledging or implying in any form that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a quantum control system and a quantum computer to solve the problems in the prior art, which can be used to completely implement high-precision measurement and control operations on a superconducting quantum chip, and the system has good scalability and overall coordination.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the first aspect of the present application is as follows:

[0006] A quantum control system comprises:

[0007] At least one signal processing device, each signal processing device comprising a first backplane, a plurality of first signal processing board cards, a plurality of second signal processing board cards and a routing board card being plugged on the backplane connector of the first backplane, the plurality of first signal processing board cards and the plurality of second signal processing board cards being connected to the routing board card; the second signal processing board card is used to generate a low-frequency signal.

[0008] At least one radio frequency (RF) transceiver device, the RF transceiver device being connected to the first signal processing board card, the RF transceiver device cooperating with the first signal processing board card connected thereto to generate and receive a high-frequency signal.

[0009] The quantum control system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein preferably, each of the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards has multiple signal output channels and / or multiple signal input channels, and the number of signal output channels of each of the radio frequency transceiver devices is not less than the sum of the number of signal output channels of the first signal processing board cards connected thereto.

[0010] The quantum control system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein preferably, the routing board card is plugged into the backplane connector located at the central position of the first backplane.

[0011] The quantum control system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein preferably, the high-frequency signals include quantum state control signals for controlling quantum bits, read input signals for reading quantum bits, and read output signals.

[0012] The quantum control system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein preferably, the first signal processing board cards include first arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) board cards and data acquisition (DAQ) board cards.

[0013] The quantum control system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein preferably, the low-frequency signals include pulse signals for frequency control of quantum bits and / or tunable couplers.

[0014] The quantum control system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein preferably, each of the signal processing devices further includes a plurality of third signal processing board cards for generating direct current signals, the direct current signals including frequency driving signals for frequency control of quantum bits and / or tunable couplers.

[0015] The quantum control system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein preferably, the third signal processing board cards include direct current source (DC Source) board cards (referred to as "DC board cards").

[0016] The second signal processing board cards include:

[0017] A second arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) board card for generating the low-frequency signals.

[0018] The quantum control system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein preferably, the quantum control system further includes a plurality of multi-channel microwave sources.

[0019] The microwave signals generated by the microwave sources are used to drive pump signals of parametric amplifiers.

[0020] The direct current signals generated by the third signal processing board cards further include frequency control signals for the parametric amplifiers.

[0021] The quantum control system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein preferably each of the radio frequency transceiver devices comprises a plurality of radio frequency transmitting components, a plurality of radio frequency receiving components, and a plurality of microwave local oscillation sources.

[0022] The radio frequency transmitting components are connected to the first signal processing board card and the microwave local oscillation sources, and are configured to generate the high frequency signals.

[0023] The radio frequency receiving components are connected to the first signal processing board card and the microwave local oscillation sources, and are configured to transmit the high frequency signals received after frequency conversion to the first signal processing board card.

[0024] The quantum control system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein preferably the radio frequency transmitting components and the radio frequency receiving components each comprise an IQ mixer.

[0025] The quantum control system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein preferably the microwave local oscillation sources are microwave point frequency sources or adjustable local oscillation frequency sources.

[0026] The quantum control system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein preferably each of the radio frequency transceiver devices further comprises a second backplane, and the plurality of radio frequency transmitting components and the plurality of radio frequency receiving components of each of the radio frequency transceiver devices are plugged into backplane connectors of the second backplane.

[0027] The quantum control system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein preferably the first backplane and the second backplane each are provided with a control board card and a power supply board card.

[0028] The control board card on the first backplane is connected to the first signal processing board card, the second signal processing board card, and the routing board card, and the power supply board card on the first backplane supplies power to the first backplane and devices thereon.

[0029] The control board card on the second backplane is connected to the radio frequency transmitting components and the radio frequency receiving components, and the power supply board card on the second backplane supplies power to the second backplane and devices thereon.

[0030] The quantum control system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein preferably the quantum control system further comprises a clock synchronization device.

[0031] Each of the signal processing devices and each of the radio frequency transceiver devices is connected to the clock synchronization device, and the clock synchronization device is configured to provide a same reference clock for the signal processing devices and the radio frequency transceiver devices.

[0032] The quantum control system as described above, wherein preferably, the quantum control system further comprises a central control device, all the routing boards are connected to the central control device, and the central control device is configured to synchronously control the plurality of first signal processing boards and the plurality of second signal processing boards through the routing boards.

[0033] The quantum control system as described above, wherein preferably, the quantum control system further comprises a server, and the central control device and / or the routing boards are in communication with the server.

[0034] The quantum control system as described above, wherein preferably, the quantum control system further comprises a server and a network switch, each of the radio frequency transceiver devices is in communication with the server through the network switch, and the routing boards are in communication with the server.

[0035] Based on the same inventive concept, another aspect of the present application provides a quantum computer comprising the quantum control system as described in any one of the above.

[0036] Based on any of the above aspects, the quantum control system provided in the present application sets at least one signal processing device, each of the signal processing devices includes a first backboard, and a backboard connector on the first backboard is plugged with a plurality of first signal processing board cards, a plurality of second signal processing board cards, and a routing board card in a plug-in card manner. All the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards are connected with the routing board card, and the core control function of the quantum control system is realized by the plurality of first signal processing board cards, the plurality of second signal processing board cards, and the routing board card. Compared with the quantum control system built by using the existing commercial instrument construction mode, the quantum control system provided in the present application has a more simplified structure and wiring complexity, and a high integration degree. At least one radio frequency transceiver device is set, the first signal processing board cards are connected with the radio frequency transceiver device, high-frequency signals are generated and received by the radio frequency transceiver device in cooperation with the first signal processing board cards connected therewith, and low-frequency signals are generated by the second signal processing board cards, wherein the high-frequency signals and the low-frequency signals are used for quantum bit regulation and reading, so that the quantum control system provided in the present application has all the functions of quantum bit regulation and reading measurement. In addition, all the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards perform data interaction with the outside through the routing board card, thereby effectively improving the overall coordination of the system, so that high-precision measurement and control operations on the superconducting quantum chip can be completely realized. In addition, the number of the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards and the number of the signal processing devices and the radio frequency transceiver device can be set according to the quantum bit measurement and control requirements of the quantum chip, the system has strong scalability, and the system core performance is not reduced during expansion because the plug-in card expansion is realized by using the backboard connector as a high-speed interface. The system is easy to maintain and use, and the overall coordination of the system is good.

[0037] These aspects or other aspects of the present application will be more apparent in the following description of the embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a diagram of an internal structure of a superconducting quantum chip provided in an example embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2 FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a quantum control system provided in an example embodiment; Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 3 FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a quantum control system including a third signal processing board card provided in an example embodiment;

[0041] Figure 4 FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a quantum control system provided in an example embodiment;Figure 2 ;

[0042] Figure 5 Figure 1 is a structural schematic of a quantum control system provided by an example embodiment Figure 3 ;

[0043] Figure 6 Figure 2 is a structural schematic of a quantum control system including a clock synchronization device provided by an example embodiment

[0044] Figure 7 Figure 3 is a structural schematic of a quantum control system including a central control device and a server provided by an example embodiment

[0045] Figure 8 Figure 4 is a structural schematic of a quantum control system including a server and a network switch provided by an example embodiment DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work should belong to the protection scope of the present application. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be interpreted as a limitation on the present application.

[0047] Reference should be made to Figure 1 , Figure 1An internal structure of a superconducting quantum chip is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The superconducting quantum chip is provided with multiple quantum bits and data transmission lines. Each quantum bit includes a detector and a quantum bit device coupled to each other. The quantum bit device is provided with a bit control signal line and a magnetic flux modulation signal line. The detector coupled to the quantum bit device is provided with a read bus. The bit control signal line is used to transmit a quantum state control signal for quantum state information control of the quantum bit device. The magnetic flux modulation signal line is used to transmit a pulse signal for frequency control of the quantum bit device. The read bus is used to transmit a measurement signal for measurement of the detector and output a read back signal fed back by the detector to realize indirect read measurement of the quantum bit device. The measurement signal for measurement of the detector is a read input signal for reading the quantum bit. The read back signal fed back by the detector is a read output signal for reading the quantum bit. Therefore, a quantum control system for quantum bit control and read measurement in the superconducting quantum chip needs to generate and output quantum state control signals, frequency control signals and read input signals to the bit control signal line, the magnetic flux modulation signal line and the read bus respectively. At the same time, the quantum control system needs to read the read output signal of the quantum bit from the read bus to realize the control and read measurement of the quantum bit in the superconducting quantum chip.

[0048] Reference is made to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A quantum control system is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The quantum control system includes at least one signal processing device and at least one radio frequency transceiver device. Each signal processing device includes a first backplane. A plurality of first signal processing board cards, a plurality of second signal processing board cards and a routing board card are plugged into backplane connectors of the first backplane. The plurality of first signal processing board cards and the plurality of second signal processing board cards are connected to the routing board card. The second signal processing board cards are used to generate low frequency signals. The radio frequency transceiver device is connected to the first signal processing board cards. The radio frequency transceiver device cooperates with the first signal processing board cards connected thereto to generate and receive high frequency signals.

[0049] The high frequency signals and the low frequency signals are used for quantum bit control and read. Specifically, the high frequency signals include quantum state control signals for control of quantum bits, read input signals for reading quantum bits and read output signals. The low frequency signals include pulse signals for frequency control of quantum bits and / or adjustable couplers. Thus, the quantum control system of the present application has all the functions of quantum bit control and read measurement.

[0050] Currently, in the superconducting quantum chip architecture based on the adjustable coupler, in order to realize the two-qubit quantum logic gate (referred to as "two-qubit gate") operation between two qubits, the indirect coupling of two qubits is realized by using the adjustable coupler. In this scheme, two qubits realize quantum state transformation through virtual photons in the adjustable coupler, thereby realizing two-qubit quantum logic gate operation. The working principle of the adjustable coupler is to adjust the frequency of the adjustable coupler, and the pulse signal for frequency control of the adjustable coupler is also transmitted to the corresponding magnetic flux modulation signal line. Therefore, for the quantum bit regulation and reading of the superconducting quantum chip based on the adjustable coupler, the low-frequency signal generated by the second signal processing board card includes the pulse signal for frequency control of the quantum bit and the pulse signal for frequency control of the adjustable coupler, to meet the functional requirements of frequency control of different objects; so that the quantum control system of the present application has a wider range of application.

[0051] In addition, all the first signal processing board cards, the second signal processing board cards and the routing board cards are inserted into the backplane connectors of the first backplane in the form of plug-in cards, and the core control function of the quantum control system is realized by the combination of the plurality of first signal processing board cards, the plurality of second signal processing board cards and the routing board card. Compared with the existing quantum control system built by using the commercial instrument construction method, the quantum control system of the present application has simpler structure and wiring complexity, and high system integration. Through the cooperation of the signal processing device and the radio frequency transceiver device, the first signal processing board card is connected to the radio frequency transceiver device, and the radio frequency transceiver device cooperates with the first signal processing board card connected thereto to generate and receive high-frequency signals, and the second signal processing board card generates low-frequency signals, and the high-frequency signals and the low-frequency signals are used for quantum bit regulation and reading, so that the quantum control system of the present application has all the functions of quantum bit regulation and reading measurement. The routing board card is provided with an external data interaction interface, and all the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards perform data interaction with the outside through the routing board card, and are uniformly allocated by the routing board card, which effectively improves the overall coordination of the system, so that high-precision measurement and control operation of the superconducting quantum chip can be realized.

[0052] Preferably, please continue to refer to Figure 2In the quantum control system of the example embodiment of the present application, the routing board card is plugged into the backplane connector located at the central position of the first backplane. The plurality of first signal processing board cards and the plurality of second signal processing board cards are distributed on the first backplane with the routing board card as the center. In this way, the signal line length from the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards to the routing board card is minimized, effectively saving system cost while effectively ensuring that the signal line delay of the data exchanged between the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards and the routing board card is minimized during signal line transmission.

[0053] The routing board card, as a unified dispatching device for the external data exchange of the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards, needs to have data forwarding and processing functions and have high data transmission timeliness. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), MCU (Microcontroller Unit), MPU (Microprocessor Unit), or DSP (Digital Signal Processor) can be generally selected. As a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the routing board card includes a field programmable logic gate array (FPGA), which uses FPGA as a central processing unit to ensure that the routing board card has high functional integration and data processing speed. In addition, high-speed interface circuits can also be used to efficiently and reliably exchange data between the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards.

[0054] In addition, the backplane connector uses a high-speed signal transmission connector, such as a signal connector used by a VPX, CPCI, PXIe, or the like bus, which can have a data transmission bandwidth of up to 10 Gb / s and can support multiple parallel and serial transmission protocols, which can also effectively ensure the timeliness of signal transmission on the signal processing device to a certain extent.

[0055] It should be noted that the number of the signal processing devices and the radio frequency transceiver devices in Figure 2 is one. Among them, the number of the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards is three respectively. In actual application, the number of the signal processing devices and the radio frequency transceiver devices and the first signal processing board cards and the second signal processing board cards in the signal processing device can be set to be more as needed, which is not limited herein. Figure 2 The schematic diagram is only for better understanding of the technical solutions of the present application by those skilled in the art, and cannot be regarded as any limitation on the present application.

[0056] Preferably, the output signal of the second signal processing board card can directly have a direct current bias, and can be directly used for frequency control of the quantum bit and / or the adjustable coupler, so as to simplify the system structure, improve the reliability to some extent, and reduce the system cost. However, it is found by the applicant that when the low-frequency signal and the direct current signal are not used together for frequency control of the quantum bit and / or the adjustable coupler, the obtained frequency control accuracy is not ideal. Therefore, referring to Figure 3 In the quantum control system of an example embodiment of the present application, each of the signal processing devices further comprises a plurality of third signal processing board cards, which are plugged on the backboard connector and used for generating direct current signals, the direct current signals comprising frequency driving signals used for frequency control of the quantum bit and / or the adjustable coupler. For example, the frequency driving signals used for frequency control of the quantum bit and / or the adjustable coupler and the low-frequency signals are both sent into the superconducting quantum chip through the magnetic flux modulation signal line. In addition, the number of the third signal processing board cards can be set according to actual application requirements, which is not limited herein.

[0057] Preferably, the plurality of first signal processing board cards, the plurality of second signal processing board cards and the third signal processing board cards each have a plurality of signal output channels and / or a plurality of signal input channels, each signal output channel being capable of outputting a signal, and each signal input channel being capable of inputting a signal. The number of signal output channels of each of the radio frequency transceiver devices is not less than the total number of signal output channels of the plurality of first signal processing board cards connected thereto. By increasing the number of signal output channels and / or signal input channels, the integration of each of the signal processing devices is improved, and the number of quantum bit positions that can be controlled and read by the quantum control system is also effectively improved, so as to meet the measurement and control requirements of high-quantum-bit quantum chips.

[0058] Preferably, referring to Figure 4 The first signal processing board card comprises a first AWG board card and a DAQ board card. The first AWG board card is used for generating a low-frequency signal and transmitting the low-frequency signal to the radio frequency transceiver device, and the radio frequency transceiver device generates and outputs a high-frequency signal based on the low-frequency signal. The low-frequency signal comprises an initial quantum state control signal and an initial reading input signal, and the high-frequency signal generated based on the low-frequency signal comprises a quantum state control signal and a reading input signal. Meanwhile, the radio frequency transceiver device receives the high-frequency signal output by the reading bus and transmits the high-frequency signal to the DAQ board card after frequency conversion. The high-frequency signal output by the reading bus is the reading output signal, and the DAQ board card is used for collecting a low-frequency signal generated by frequency conversion based on the reading output signal. The low-frequency signal generated by frequency conversion based on the reading output signal is an initial reading output signal.

[0059] It should be noted that the first AWG board card includes an FPGA, which is designed and implemented by using the FPGA as a central processing unit. The first AWG board card has multiple signal output channels. One signal output channel outputs a low-frequency signal used to generate the quantum state control signal or the read input signal. The DAQ board card has multiple signal input channels, and one signal input channel receives a low-frequency signal generated by frequency conversion based on the read output signal. It should be added that in actual application, the read bus can correspond to the detector one by one, but in order to simplify the data transmission line structure of the superconducting quantum chip, one read bus can also correspond to multiple detectors in the design of the superconducting quantum chip structure. For example, one read bus corresponds to five detectors, so that one read bus is used to measure the state of five quantum bit devices. In this case, one first AWG board card and one DAQ board card connected with one read bus can be used to measure the state of five quantum bits in the superconducting quantum chip. At this time, one signal output channel of the first AWG board card outputs an initial read input signal, and one signal input channel of the DAQ board card inputs an initial read output signal. The synthesis of the initial read input signal and the decomposition of the initial read output signal are not the content protected by the present application, and will not be described in detail here.

[0060] It should be noted that since the first AWG board card needs to generate and output two types of low-frequency signals, namely the initial quantum state control signal and the initial read input signal, and the DAQ board card only needs to receive the initial read output signal. Therefore, the number of the first AWG board card is at least two, and the number of the DAQ board card can be one. Figure 4 In the first AWG board card, two are set, and the DAQ board card is set to one. In actual application, the number of the first AWG board card and the DAQ board card can be set to more as needed, which is not limited here. Figure 4 The schematic diagram is only for the convenience of those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, and cannot be regarded as any limitation of the present application.

[0061] In addition, the first signal processing board card can further include an ADDA (Analog-to-Digital Convert / Digital-to-Analog Convert) board card, and one ADDA board card is used to replace a plurality of first AWG board cards and one DAQ board card. The ADDA board card is used to generate low-frequency signals and transmit the low-frequency signals to the radio frequency transceiver device, and is used to generate low-frequency signals generated by frequency conversion processing of the read output signals by the radio frequency transceiver device. The ADDA board card has a plurality of signal input channels and a plurality of signal output channels.

[0062] Preferably, referring to Figure 4 , the second signal processing board card includes a second AWG board card, and the second AWG board card is used to generate the low-frequency signals. The low-frequency signals include pulse signals used for frequency control of the quantum bits and / or the adjustable coupler. The second AWG board card includes an FPGA, and the FPGA is used as a central processing unit.

[0063] Preferably, referring to Figure 4 , the third signal processing board card includes a DC board card, and the DC board card is used to generate the direct current signals. The DC board card has a plurality of signal input channels and / or a plurality of signal output channels. One signal output channel outputs one direct current signal. The DC board card has the function of a high-precision voltage source.

[0064] Preferably, one parametric amplifier is arranged on each read bus of the superconducting quantum chip, and is used to amplify the read output signals, so as to realize high-fidelity reading of state information of the quantum bits. Referring to Figure 4 , the quantum control system further includes a plurality of multi-channel microwave sources. The microwave signals generated by the multi-channel microwave sources are used as pump signals of the parametric amplifiers. One channel of the microwave source outputs one microwave signal, and the microwave signal can be used to drive one parametric amplifier. In addition, the direct current signals generated by the third signal processing board card are also used as frequency control signals of the parametric amplifiers, so as to modulate the working frequencies of the parametric amplifiers to appropriate frequency positions. For example, the parametric amplifier can be a Josephson parametric amplifier, an impedance matching parametric amplifier, etc.

[0065] Preferably, referring to Figure 5Each of the radio frequency transceiver devices includes a plurality of radio frequency transmitting components, a plurality of radio frequency receiving components, and a plurality of microwave local oscillation sources. The radio frequency transmitting components are connected to the first signal processing board card and the microwave local oscillation sources, and are used to generate the high frequency signals. The radio frequency receiving components are connected to the first signal processing board card and the microwave local oscillation sources, and are used to transmit the high frequency signals received after frequency conversion to the first signal processing board card. For example, each of the radio frequency transmitting components is connected to one of the first AWG board cards, and the low frequency signals output by the first AWG board card and the microwave signals output by the microwave local oscillation sources generate the high frequency signals in the radio frequency transmitting components. The high frequency signals include the quantum state control signals and the read input signals, and the low frequency signals include the initial quantum state control signals and the initial read input signals. The radio frequency receiving components are connected to the DAQ board card, and the radio frequency receiving components receive the high frequency signals and the microwave signals output by the microwave local oscillation sources to generate low frequency signals in the radio frequency receiving components through frequency conversion. The DAQ board card collects the low frequency signals generated by the radio frequency receiving components. The high frequency signals are the read output signals, and the low frequency signals are the initial read output signals. For example, the radio frequency transmitting components use a double frequency conversion technology or an IQ mixing technology to generate the high frequency signals, and the radio frequency receiving components use a double frequency conversion technology or an IQ mixing technology to convert the received high frequency signals.

[0066] Preferably, the radio frequency transmitting components and the radio frequency receiving components each include an IQ mixer. Each of the radio frequency transmitting components and each of the radio frequency receiving components has a plurality of signal output channels and / or a plurality of signal input channels, and each of the radio frequency transmitting components and each of the radio frequency receiving components is provided with one IQ mixer on one signal input channel or one signal output channel. For example, the output port of the first AWG board card is connected to the I port and the Q port of the IQ mixer of the radio frequency transmitting component, the microwave local oscillation source is connected to the LO port of the IQ mixer of the radio frequency transmitting component, and the input port of the bit control signal line and the read bus is connected to the RF port of the IQ mixer of the radio frequency transmitting component. The low frequency signals output by the first AWG board card and the microwave signals output by the microwave local oscillation source are mixed in the IQ mixer of the radio frequency transmitting component to generate the high frequency signals. The input port of the DAQ board card is connected to the I port and the Q port of the IQ mixer of the radio frequency receiving component, the microwave local oscillation source is connected to the LO port of the IQ mixer of the radio frequency receiving component, and the output port of the read bus is connected to the RF port of the IQ mixer of the radio frequency receiving component. The high frequency signals output by the read bus and the microwave signals output by the microwave local oscillation source are mixed in the IQ mixer of the radio frequency receiving component to generate the low frequency signals.

[0067] Preferably, in order to reduce the system cost, the microwave local oscillator source can adopt a microwave point frequency source capable of outputting multiple microwave point frequency signals. In order to improve the system integration, the microwave local oscillator source can adopt an adjustable local oscillator frequency source.

[0068] Preferably, please continue to refer to Figure 5 , in order to further improve the system integration and scalability, each of the radio frequency transceiver devices further comprises a second backplane, and the multiple radio frequency transmitting components and the multiple radio frequency receiving components of each of the radio frequency transceiver devices are plugged on the backplane connectors of the second backplane.

[0069] Preferably, please continue to refer to Figure 5 , in order to further improve the system integration and scalability, the first backplane and the second backplane are both provided with a control board card and a power supply board card. The control board card on the first backplane is connected to the first signal processing board card, the second signal processing board card and the routing board card, and the functions of the control board card include but are not limited to monitoring the working environment temperature of the signal processing device. The power supply board card on the first backplane supplies power to the first backplane and the devices thereon. The control board card on the second backplane is connected to the radio frequency transmitting components and the radio frequency receiving components, and the functions of the control board card include but are not limited to monitoring the working environment temperature of the radio frequency transceiver device. The power supply board card on the second backplane supplies power to the second backplane and the devices thereon.

[0070] Preferably, please continue to refer to Figure 5 , in order to further improve the system integration and scalability, the quantum control system further comprises a plug-in chassis, and each of the first backplane and each of the second backplane is installed in one of the plug-in chassis. Assembling the signal processing device based on the first backplane and the radio frequency transceiver device based on the second backplane in one plug-in chassis makes the quantum control system occupy less space and be easy to expand. Specifically, the plug-in chassis can adopt a VPX chassis, a CPCI chassis or a PXIE chassis, etc. with high-speed signal transmission function, which can realize the quantum control function requirements of the embodiments of the application in the aspect of functional module integration.

[0071] Preferably, please refer to Figure 6 , the quantum control system further comprises a clock synchronization device for providing the same reference clock for each of the signal processing devices and each of the radio frequency transceiver devices. In addition, the clock synchronization device can also realize the function of the output signals of the signal processing devices and the radio frequency transceiver devices having the same phase to a certain extent.

[0072] For example, please continue to see Figure 6 The clock synchronization device comprises a clock source and at least one frequency multiplication reference. The clock source provides a reference clock signal for each of the frequency multiplication references, and each of the frequency multiplication references is connected to one of the signal processing devices and one of the radio frequency transceiver devices to send the same reference clock signal to each of the signal processing devices and each of the radio frequency transceiver devices. The same reference clock is provided for the signal processing devices and the radio frequency transceiver devices, so that the first signal processing board card, the second signal processing board card, and the routing board card, as well as the radio frequency transceiver device, have the same starting time point of the working clock. For example, the clock source can use a high-precision rubidium clock. The rubidium clock generates a 10MHz reference clock signal, and the frequency multiplication reference outputs the same reference clock signal after 5 times, 10 times, 20 times or even more times of frequency multiplication according to the actual application requirements.

[0073] For the quantum computing tasks to be performed in the quantum computer, as the types and complexity of the quantum computing tasks increase, the number of quantum bits required to participate also increases, that is, the number of output channels of the quantum control system also increases. For complex quantum computing tasks to be performed, multiple initial quantum state control signals and initial frequency control signals are required, that is, multiple first signal processing board cards and multiple second signal processing board cards are required to work together, and the signals output by all modules working together need to be synchronously triggered to accurately complete the quantum computing task.

[0074] Preferably, please see Figure 7 In order to realize the synchronous triggering of the signals output by the multiple first signal processing board cards and the multiple second signal processing board cards, the quantum control system further comprises a central control device, and all the routing board cards are connected to the central control device. The central control device is used to synchronously control the multiple first signal processing board cards and the multiple second signal processing board cards through the routing board cards.

[0075] Further, signal lines dedicated for signal trigger synchronization control are arranged between the routing board card and the first signal processing board card and between the routing board card and the second signal processing board card. The routing board card transmits synchronization control instructions through the signal lines dedicated for signal trigger synchronization control to realize signal trigger synchronization control between the first signal processing board cards and between the second signal processing board cards. The central control device sends a trigger instruction to each of the routing board cards, and the routing board cards send synchronization control instructions through the signal lines dedicated for signal trigger synchronization control to make the multiple first signal processing board cards or the multiple second signal processing board cards act synchronously. In order to ensure that the line delays of the signal lines dedicated for signal trigger synchronization control are equal, the signal lines dedicated for signal trigger synchronization control between the routing board card and the first signal processing board card and between the routing board card and the second signal processing board card are arranged to be equal in length. Thus, the signal synchronization performance of the quantum control system is greatly improved, which is beneficial to realize high-precision execution of large-scale quantum computing tasks.

[0076] Preferably, please continue to refer to Figure 7 , the quantum control system further comprises a server, and the central control device and / or the routing board card communicates with the server. The information interaction between the central control device and the server includes but is not limited to synchronization control instructions, and the information interaction between the routing board card and the server includes but is not limited to quantum computing task data.

[0077] Preferably, please refer to Figure 8 , the quantum control system further comprises a server and a network switch, each of the radio frequency transceiver devices communicates with the server through the network switch, and the routing board card communicates with the server. The information interaction between the radio frequency transceiver devices and the server includes but is not limited to the working state control of the radio frequency transceiver devices. In addition, the DC board card and the clock synchronization device also communicate with the server through the network switch.

[0078] It should be further noted that the terms "comprising", "containing" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0079] The above describes particular embodiments of the present specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in a different order than the order in which they are recited and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve the desired results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous or necessary.

[0080] The terminology used in this description of one or more embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present specification. As used in this description of one or more embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0081] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used herein to describe various information, these terms are not intended to denote a particular order. These terms are used only to distinguish one piece of information from another. For example, a first information can be termed a second information, and, similarly, a second information can be termed a first information, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present specification. Depending on the context, the word "if' as used herein can be interpreted as meaning "when" or "in response to determining." The above-described embodiments are merely possible implementations of one or more embodiments of the present specification. Modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, and the like made to one or more embodiments of the present specification without departing from the spirit and principles of the present specification should be included in the scope of protection of one or more embodiments of the present specification.

[0082] The above describes particular embodiments of the present specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in a different order than the order in which they are recited and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve the desired results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous or necessary.

Claims

1. A quantum control system, characterized by, The application relates to a signal processing device for quantum computer, comprising: at least one signal processing device, each of the signal processing devices comprising a first backboard, a plurality of first signal processing board cards, a plurality of second signal processing board cards and a routing board card being plugged on the backboard connector of the first backboard, the plurality of first signal processing board cards and the plurality of second signal processing board cards being connected with the routing board card; the second signal processing board card is used for generating low-frequency signals; wherein the first signal processing board card comprises a first AWG board card and a DAQ board card; the second signal processing board card comprises a second AWG board card, and the second AWG board card is used for generating low-frequency signals for frequency control of a quantum bit and / or an adjustable coupler; at least one radio frequency transceiver device, the radio frequency transceiver device being connected with the first signal processing board card, and the radio frequency transceiver device being used for generating and receiving high-frequency signals in cooperation with the first signal processing board card connected therewith; wherein the high-frequency signals comprise quantum state control signals for controlling a quantum bit, reading input signals for reading a quantum bit and reading output signals; the signal processing device further comprises a plurality of third signal processing board cards, the plurality of third signal processing board cards being used for generating direct-current signals, and the direct-current signals comprising frequency driving signals for frequency control of a quantum bit and / or an adjustable coupler; wherein the third signal processing board card comprises a direct-current power supply board card; a plurality of multi-channel microwave sources, the microwave sources being used for generating microwave signals for driving pump signals of a parametric amplifier; wherein the direct-current signals generated by the third signal processing board card further comprise frequency control signals for the parametric amplifier.

2. The quantum control system of claim 1, wherein, the plurality of first signal processing board cards and the plurality of second signal processing board cards each have a plurality of signal output channels and / or a plurality of signal input channels, and the number of signal output channels of each of the radio frequency transceiver devices is not less than the total number of signal output channels of the plurality of first signal processing board cards connected therewith.

3. The quantum control system of claim 2, wherein, the routing board card is plugged on the backboard connector located at the central position of the first backboard.

4. The quantum control system of claim 1, wherein, each of the radio frequency transceiver devices comprises a plurality of radio frequency transmitting components, a plurality of radio frequency receiving components and a plurality of microwave local oscillation sources; the radio frequency transmitting components are connected with the first signal processing board card and the microwave local oscillation source, and are used for generating the high-frequency signals; the radio frequency receiving components are connected with the first signal processing board card and the microwave local oscillation source, and are used for transmitting the high-frequency signals received after frequency conversion to the first signal processing board card; optionally, the radio frequency transmitting components and the radio frequency receiving components each comprise an IQ mixer; further optionally, the microwave local oscillation source comprises a microwave point frequency source or an adjustable local oscillation frequency source; further optionally, each of the radio frequency transceiver devices further comprises a second backboard, and the plurality of radio frequency transmitting components and the plurality of radio frequency receiving components of each of the radio frequency transceiver devices are plugged on the backboard connector of the second backboard; further optionally, the first backboard and the second backboard are each provided with a control board card and a power supply board card. The control board card on the first backboard is connected with the first signal processing board card, the second signal processing board card and the routing board card, and the power supply board card on the first backboard supplies power for the first backboard and devices thereon; The control board card on the second backboard is connected with the radio frequency transmitting component and the radio frequency receiving component, and the power supply board card on the second backboard supplies power for the second backboard and devices thereon.

5. The quantum control system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The quantum control system further comprises a clock synchronization device; The clock synchronization device is configured to provide a same reference clock for the signal processing device and the radio frequency transceiver device.

6. The quantum control system of claim 5, wherein, The quantum control system further comprises a server and a network switch, each of the radio frequency transceiver devices communicates with the server through the network switch, and the routing board card communicates with the server.

7. The quantum control system of claim 5, wherein, The quantum control system further comprises a central control device, all the routing board cards are connected with the central control device, and the central control device is configured to synchronously control the plurality of first signal processing board cards and the plurality of second signal processing board cards through the routing board cards. Optionally, the quantum control system further comprises a server, and the central control device and / or the routing board card communicates with the server.

8. A quantum computer, characterized by The quantum control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The quantum control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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