A wireless transmission device for wildlife monitoring

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention discloses a wireless network transmission device for wildlife monitoring, which is deployed in a wildlife monitoring area and includes a microcontroller, a wireless transceiver module, a power management module, a sensor module, and a communication protocol stack. This embodiment improves the traditional routing, establishes a routing protocol that can ensure efficient and accurate data transmission and maintain the long-term stable operation of the detection device, manages energy consumption by relying on energy level division and probabilistic forwarding, and ensures data transmission according to the backup path strategy. That is, through the wireless network transmission device for wildlife monitoring of the present invention, efficient and accurate data transmission can be ensured, and at the same time, the long-term stable operation of the detection device can also be maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wildlife monitoring, and particularly to a wireless network transmission device for wildlife monitoring. Background Art

[0002] In the long river of the development of human history, people's production and living styles have always affected the ecological environment, and wild animals are an important part of the ecological environment.

[0003] With the birth and wide application of wireless sensor networks, they have now been applied to the field of wildlife monitoring and have become a popular solution. This method deploys a large number of sensor nodes in the wildlife monitoring area, and the nodes form an ad-hoc network through wireless communication for data transmission. This method can not only obtain wildlife information that is difficult for humans to collect, but also reduce the workload of manually retrieving monitoring devices, shorten the overall monitoring cycle, improve the monitoring level and work efficiency, and thus has been widely promoted and applied in recent years.

[0004] At present, transmission devices for monitoring wireless networks have been applied. However, when traditional wireless sensor networks are directly applied to wildlife monitoring devices for the field, the power supply methods are very limited, which will accelerate the energy consumption of nodes, threaten the service life of the overall network, and cause data to be unable to be transmitted in a timely manner. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a wireless sensor network routing protocol suitable for the field of wildlife monitoring. The routing protocol should not only ensure the efficient and accurate transmission of data but also maintain the long-term stable operation of the detection device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a wireless network transmission device for wildlife monitoring to ensure the efficient and accurate transmission of data and maintain the long-term stable operation of the detection device at the same time.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, in the first aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide a wireless network transmission device for wildlife monitoring, including:

[0007] A sensor module for obtaining the light intensity and collecting wildlife images;

[0008] A microcontroller for controlling the operation of each node in the device and maintaining the data transceiver of each module according to the internal ad-hoc network routing protocol; the model of the microcontroller is stm32h743;

[0009] A wireless transceiver module for receiving and transmitting the wildlife images; the model of the wireless transceiver module is nFR24L01;

[0010] A communication protocol stack for the application of the AODV-PFB protocol on embedded devices;

[0011] A power management module for providing power to the entire device.

[0012] As a specific implementation manner of the present application, the communication protocol stack includes a physical layer, a device driver layer, a data link layer, a network layer, and an application layer;

[0013] The physical layer is connected to the device driver layer and is used to control signal detection and frequency selection of the wireless transceiver module;

[0014] The device driver layer is used to control the working mode switching of the wireless transceiver module and provide corresponding function interfaces to the data link layer;

[0015] The data link layer is responsible for mutual communication between each node and realizes data frame listening and channel access functions;

[0016] The network layer is responsible for route discovery and maintenance, realizes the networking function of the wireless sensor network, and guarantees data transmission between nodes;

[0017] The application layer is connected to the network layer and is used to encapsulate data and send it in packets.

[0018] As a preferred implementation manner of the present application, the power management module is further used to obtain energy; the communication protocol stack is built into the wireless transceiver module; the network layer is used to perform the following steps:

[0019] Energy level division: Obtain the remaining energy percentage of the monitoring node and perform level division;

[0020] Probabilistic forwarding: Adopt a probabilistic forwarding strategy, probabilistically forward request messages based on the remaining energy of the nodes, and read the frame format of the request messages to enable different responses from the destination node and intermediate nodes respectively;

[0021] Backup routing: Adopt a backup routing strategy, receive response messages through the source node, judge the number of routes of the response messages leading to the destination node, and make distinctions according to the judgment results to realize the selection of the optimal primary and backup routes;

[0022] No Hello mechanism: Cancel the function of the traditional AOVD periodic broadcast of HELLO, and read the link layer announcement mechanism to realize the inspection of link breakage conditions of the link layer.

[0023] In some preferred implementation manners of the present application, the remaining energy percentage of the monitoring node can be calculated using a formula

[0024] Among them, E Residue is the remaining energy value of the current node, and E Initial is the initial energy value of the node.

[0025] As a specific implementation manner of the present application, the energy level division is specifically as follows:

[0026] The remaining energy percentage of the node is divided into four levels: stage A, stage B, stage C, and stage D;

[0027] Among them, stage A is 90%-100%, stage B is 50%-90%, stage C is 10%-50%, and stage D is 0-10%.

[0028] As a specific implementation manner of the present application, the probability forwarding strategy is specifically as follows:

[0029] Obtain the request message in the routing discovery process;

[0030] Read the remaining energy percentage RE of the monitoring node that obtains the request message;

[0031] Set the probability P in stages for the remaining energy percentage RE level:

[0032]

[0033] As a specific implementation manner of the present application, the backup routing strategy is specifically as follows:

[0034] Establish a backup routing function based on the traditional AOVD protocol; the backup routing function enables the node to add a backup routing path, and the routing path is preferably selected according to the newness and oldness of the sequence number and the number of routing paths.

[0035] Implementing the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) A wildlife monitoring wireless network transmission device proposed by the present invention ensures the wireless remote real-time transmission of wildlife image data and realizes real-time visual monitoring of wildlife.

[0037] (2) Improvement of routing protocol algorithm: Aiming at the deficiencies of the AODV protocol in the current wildlife monitoring environment, the present invention proposes the AODV-PFB protocol based on the AODV protocol. During the routing establishment process, this protocol probabilistically forwards RREQ request messages according to the remaining energy of the current node, and preferentially establishes paths by combining the remaining energy of the node and the number of routes. At the same time, a backup routing mechanism is also adopted to reduce the flooding energy loss during the routing discovery process. NS-2 simulation experiments show that the AODV-PFB protocol is superior to the AODV protocol in terms of average delay, routing overhead, average node energy consumption, etc.

[0038] (3) Implementation of the AODV-PFB protocol on an embedded platform: The present invention uses the C language to implement a communication protocol stack based on the nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module, and completes the design and implementation of the wireless transceiver module driver writing, the data link layer message format simplification, the network layer routing algorithm, and the application layer data retransmission function. Finally, the networking function test and data transmission test are carried out on the test board, and the application of the AODV-PFB protocol on the embedded platform is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art.

[0040] Figure 1 It is the structural diagram of the wildlife monitoring wireless network transmission device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is the function call relationship diagram of each layer of the protocol stack in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is the processing flow chart of the probability forwarding strategy monitoring device in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is the probability forwarding strategy flow chart in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 It is the backup routing strategy flow chart in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or their combinations.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1 , the wildlife monitoring wireless network transmission device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is deployed in the wildlife monitoring area and includes:

[0048] A sensor module for obtaining the light intensity and collecting wildlife images;

[0049] A microcontroller for controlling the operation of each module of the node device, maintaining the node to perform data transmission and reception according to the internal self-organizing network routing protocol, and the microcontroller is stm32h743;

[0050] A wireless transceiver module for serving as the main control unit of the wireless transceiver module, and the wireless transceiver module is an nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module;

[0051] A power management module for providing power for the entire device, ensuring the long-term operation of the node device in the field monitoring environment, and obtaining the current energy of the device in real time to assist in the implementation of the routing algorithm function, and the power management module is a lithium battery-solar power management module;

[0052] A communication protocol stack for the application of the AODV-PFB protocol on embedded devices.

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment, the communication protocol stack includes a physical layer, a device driver layer, a data link layer, a network layer, and an application layer;

[0054] The physical layer is connected to the device driver layer and is mainly used to control the signal detection and frequency selection of the wireless transceiver module;

[0055] The device driver layer is used to control the working mode switching of the wireless transceiver module and provide corresponding function interfaces to the data link layer;

[0056] The data link layer is responsible for the mutual communication between each node, realizing functions such as data frame listening and channel access, so as to ensure that the network layer can receive accurate and error-free data information and establish a stable transmission link;

[0057] The network layer is responsible for route discovery and maintenance, realizing the networking function of the wireless sensor network, and ensuring data transmission between nodes;

[0058] The application layer is connected to the network layer and is responsible for encapsulating data and sending it in packets.

[0059] Among them, the above-mentioned function calls of each layer are as Figure 2 shown.

[0060] Furthermore, the communication protocol stack is built into the wireless transceiver module; the network layer is used to perform the following steps:

[0061] Energy level division: Obtain the remaining energy percentage of the monitoring node and perform level division;

[0062] Probability forwarding: Adopt a probability forwarding strategy, forward the request message based on the probability of the remaining energy of the node, and read the frame format of the request message to enable the destination node and the intermediate node to make different responses respectively;

[0063] Backup routing: Adopt a backup routing strategy, receive the response message through the source node, judge the number of routes of the response message leading to the destination node, and make distinctions according to the judgment results to realize the selection of the optimal primary and backup routes;

[0064] No Hello mechanism: Cancel the function of the traditional AOVD to periodically broadcast HELLO, and read the link layer announcement mechanism to realize the inspection of the link break situation of the link layer.

[0065] The steps executed by the above network layer can be understood as a routing protocol, and its specific step descriptions are as follows:

[0066] Step 101: Obtain the remaining energy percentage of the monitoring node and perform level division.

[0067] Among them, the remaining energy percentage of the monitoring node

[0068] E Residue is the remaining energy value of the current node, and E Initial is the initial energy value of the node.

[0069] Specifically, the energy levels include four levels, namely stage A, stage B, stage C, and stage D;

[0070] Stage A is 90%-100%. The remaining energy of the monitoring node is sufficient, and it can excellently complete data transceiver work without affecting other functions of the device due to energy consumption problems. This energy level is excellent, and the device is allowed to enable routing establishment and wireless transceiver functions;

[0071] Stage B is 50%-90%. The remaining energy of the monitoring node is relatively sufficient, and it can smoothly complete data transceiver work without basically affecting other functions of the device due to energy consumption problems. This energy level is good, and the device is allowed to enable routing establishment and wireless transceiver functions;

[0072] In stage C, which is 10% - 50%, the energy of the monitoring nodes drops significantly. It can only ensure that data transmission and reception are not carried out frequently. If data is transmitted and received for a long time or the nodes are in the listening state, the energy consumption will be accelerated, which may affect the normal operation of functions such as device photography. This energy level is poor, reducing the probability of using the routing establishment function.

[0073] In stage D, which is 0 - 10%, there is little remaining energy in the monitoring nodes, and it is no longer possible to ensure the smooth progress of data transmission and reception. It can only maintain the operation of the device in a low-power or standby state. This energy level is bad. To ensure the normal operation of the basic shooting function, the device is prohibited from participating in the process of establishing a new route.

[0074] Step 201: Forward the request message based on the remaining energy probability of the node, and read the frame format of the request message to enable the destination node and the intermediate node to make corresponding different responses.

[0075] Specifically, the steps of the probability forwarding strategy specifically include:

[0076] The processing flow in the monitoring device is as Figure 3 shown. Obtain the RREQ message in the routing discovery process, read the remaining energy of the monitoring node that obtains the RREQ message, and set the probability for the level stage of the remaining energy RE.

[0077] The formula for the probability forwarding strategy is:

[0078] When RE is in stage A, the node has enough energy to complete various tasks of the device and can meet the normal data transmission requirements. Therefore, the forwarding probability is set to 1, allowing the node to forward the RREQ request message and participate in the routing establishment process.

[0079] When RE is in stage B, although the remaining energy of the node has decreased, it can still meet a series of working requirements of the device. To reduce the number of RREQ request messages in the flooding process, reduce the probability of collision between data packets and control packets, and reduce the energy consumption of the device, the forwarding probability is reduced to 0.8.

[0080] When RE is in stage C, the remaining energy of the node is too low. In this case, there may be a problem that the routing load of some nodes is relatively large, and the remaining energy is difficult to bear the high-frequency data transmission and reception requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to significantly reduce the probability of the node participating in the establishment of a new path. Therefore, the forwarding probability is set to 0.65.

[0081] When RE is in the D stage, the remaining energy of the node is extremely low, and it can only ensure that the device is in the standby state or the operation of the shooting function is triggered at a low frequency. If it continues to participate in the routing discovery process, it will greatly affect the overall link quality, resulting in node death, thus causing a new round of flooding process. In order to ensure the normal operation of other functions of the device, the forwarding probability is set to 0 until the device is charged with solar energy until the energy is sufficient.

[0082] Among them, the process of the probability forwarding strategy is as Figure 4 shown.

[0083] Step 301: Adopt the backup routing strategy, receive the response message through the source node, judge the number of routing paths of the response message to the destination node, and make a distinction according to the judgment result to realize the selection of the optimal primary and backup routes.

[0084] Specifically, the backup routing strategy establishes a backup routing function based on the traditional AOVD protocol; the backup routing function enables the node to add a backup routing path, and the routing path is preferentially selected according to the newness and oldness of the sequence number and the number of routing paths.

[0085] Among them, the process of the backup routing strategy is as Figure 5 shown.

[0086] Step 401 without Hello mechanism: Cancel the function of the traditional AOVD periodic broadcast HELLO, and read the link layer announcement mechanism to realize the inspection of the link break situation of the link layer.

[0087] It can be known from the above description that implementing the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0088] (1) A wireless network transmission device for wildlife monitoring proposed by the present invention guarantees the wireless remote real-time transmission of wildlife image data and realizes the real-time visualization monitoring of wildlife.

[0089] (2) Improvement of the routing protocol algorithm: Aiming at the deficiencies of the AODV protocol in the current wildlife monitoring environment, the present invention proposes the AODV-PFB protocol on the basis of the AODV protocol. This protocol probabilistically forwards the RREQ request message according to the remaining energy of the current node during the routing establishment process, and preferentially establishes a path by combining the remaining energy of the node and the number of routing paths. At the same time, a backup routing mechanism is also adopted to reduce the flooding energy loss during the routing discovery process. The NS-2 simulation experiment shows that the AODV-PFB protocol is superior to the AODV protocol in terms of average delay, routing overhead, average node energy consumption, etc.

[0090] (3)Implementation of the AODV-PFB protocol on an embedded platform: The present invention uses the C language to implement a communication protocol stack based on the nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module, and completes the design and implementation of the wireless transceiver module driver writing, the simplification of the data link layer message format, the network layer routing algorithm, and the application layer data retransmission function. Finally, the networking function test and data transmission test are carried out on the test board, and the application of the AODV-PFB protocol on the embedded platform is realized.

[0091] As described above, the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wireless transmission device for wildlife monitoring, characterized in that, Including: A sensor module, which is used to obtain the light intensity and collect wild animal images; A microcontroller, which is used to control the operation of each node in the device and maintain data transmission and reception of each module according to the internal self-organizing network routing protocol; A wireless transceiver module, which is used to transmit and receive the wild animal images; A communication protocol stack, which is used for the application of the AODV-PFB protocol on embedded devices; A power management module, which is used to provide power for the entire device; The power management module is also used to obtain energy; the communication protocol stack is built in the wireless transceiver module; the communication protocol stack includes a network layer, which is used to perform the following steps: Energy level division: Obtain the remaining energy percentage of the monitoring node and perform level division; Probabilistic forwarding: Adopt a probabilistic forwarding strategy, probabilistically forward request messages based on the remaining energy of the node, and read the frame format of the request messages to enable different responses from the destination node and intermediate nodes respectively; Backup routing: Adopt a backup routing strategy, receive an acknowledgment message through the source node, judge the number of routing paths of the acknowledgment message leading to the destination node, and make a distinction according to the judgment result to achieve the selection of the optimal primary and backup routes; No Hello mechanism: Cancel the function of the traditional AOVD to periodically broadcast HELLO, and read the link layer announcement mechanism to check the link break situation of the link layer; 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication protocol stack includes a physical layer, a device driver layer, a data link layer, and an application layer; The physical layer is connected to the device driver layer and is used to control the signal detection and frequency selection of the wireless transceiver module; The device driver layer is used to control the working mode switching of the wireless transceiver module and provide corresponding function interfaces to the data link layer; The data link layer is used to be responsible for the mutual communication between each node and implement the functions of data frame listening and channel access; The network layer is used to be responsible for route discovery and maintenance, implement the networking function of the wireless sensor network, and ensure data transmission between nodes; The application layer is connected to the network layer and is used to be responsible for encapsulating data and sending it in packets; 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Use a formula to calculate the remaining energy percentage of the monitoring node Among them, E Residue is the remaining energy value of the current node, and E Initial is the initial energy value of the node.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy level division is specifically as follows: Divide the remaining energy percentage of the node into four levels: stage A, stage B, stage C, and stage D; Among them, stage A is 90%-100%, stage B is 50%-90%, stage C is 10%-50%, and stage D is 0-10%; 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probabilistic forwarding strategy is specifically as follows: Obtain the request message during the route discovery process; Read the remaining energy percentage RE of the monitoring node that obtains the request message; Set the probability P for the remaining energy percentage RE level in stages:

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backup routing strategy is specifically as follows: Establish a backup routing function based on the traditional AOVD protocol; the backup routing function enables the node to add a backup routing path, and the routing path is preferentially selected according to the newness and oldness of the sequence number and the number of routing paths; 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model of the microcontroller is stm32h743; the model of the wireless transceiver module is nFR24L01.

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