Transmission repetition for wireless communication

Abstract

Base stations and / or wireless devices can use multiple transmit beams for communication. Multiple transmit beams can be used for transmission, allowing messages to be sent via different transmit beams. Multiple transmit beams can be used to send multiple repetitions of the message or to send different parts of the message.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 056,129, filed July 24, 2020. The entire contents of the application cited above are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] Multiple copies of a message are sent to one or more communication devices. Message repetitions can be sent via multiple radio resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following summary presents an overview of certain features. This summary is not a comprehensive overview and is not intended to identify any important or critical elements.

[0005] Signal transmission (e.g., uplink transmission) can be sent via transmit beams. Multiple transmit beams can be used for uplink transmission (e.g., repetition of an uplink message or a portion of an uplink message). A message (e.g., from a base station) can indicate multiple transmit beams to be used. For example, a message may include multiple fields, each indicating a corresponding transmit beam. Spatial diversity facilitated by using multiple transmit beams can provide advantages such as improved signal reliability.

[0006] These and other features and advantages are described in more detail below. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Some features are shown in the accompanying drawings by way of example and not limitation. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings refer to the same elements.

[0008] Figure 1A and Figure 1B An exemplary communication network is shown.

[0009] Figure 2A An exemplary user plane is shown.

[0010] Figure 2B An exemplary control plane configuration is shown.

[0011] Figure 3 An example of a protocol layer is shown.

[0012] Figure 4A An exemplary downlink data flow for user plane configuration is shown.

[0013] Figure 4B An exemplary format of the MAC subheader in a Media Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is shown.

[0014] Figure 5A An exemplary mapping of the downlink channel is shown.

[0015] Figure 5B An exemplary mapping of the uplink channel is shown.

[0016] Figure 6 An exemplary Radio Resource Control (RRC) state and RRC state transitions are shown.

[0017] Figure 7 An exemplary configuration of the frame is shown.

[0018] Figure 8 An exemplary resource configuration for one or more carriers is shown.

[0019] Figure 9 An exemplary configuration of the Bandwidth Component (BWP) is shown.

[0020] Figure 10A An exemplary carrier aggregation configuration based on component carriers is shown.

[0021] Figure 10B An example cell group is shown.

[0022] Figure 11A An exemplary mapping of one or more Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) blocks is shown.

[0023] Figure 11B An exemplary mapping of one or more Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS) is shown.

[0024] Figure 12A An example of the downlink beam management process is shown.

[0025] Figure 12B An example of the uplink beam management process is shown.

[0026] Figure 13A An exemplary four-step random access process is shown.

[0027] Figure 13B An exemplary two-step random access procedure is shown.

[0028] Figure 13C An exemplary two-step random access procedure is shown.

[0029] Figure 14A An example of CORESET configuration is shown.

[0030] Figure 14B An example of the mapping from control channel elements to resource element groups (CCE to REG) is shown.

[0031] Figure 15AAn example of communication between a wireless device and a base station is shown.

[0032] Figure 15B Exemplary elements of a computing device are shown that can be used to implement any of the various devices described herein.

[0033] Figure 16A , Figure 16B , Figure 16C and Figure 16D Examples of uplink and downlink signal transmissions are shown.

[0034] Figure 17 An exemplary beam management method for transmitting repeats is shown.

[0035] Figure 18 An exemplary beam management method for transmission is shown.

[0036] Figure 19 An exemplary transmit power determination for transmit repetition is shown.

[0037] Figure 20 An example of determining the transmit power is shown.

[0038] Figure 21A , Figure 21B and Figure 21C An exemplary configuration of the transmit configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the TCI code point and / or CORESET is shown.

[0039] Figure 22 An exemplary uplink repetition scheme for transmitting transport blocks is shown.

[0040] Figure 23 An exemplary method for beam management is shown.

[0041] Figure 24 An exemplary method for beam management is shown.

[0042] Figure 25 An exemplary method for beam management is shown.

[0043] Figure 26 An exemplary method for transmitting transport blocks is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The accompanying drawings and description provide examples. It should be understood that the examples shown and / or described in the drawings are non-exclusive, and the features shown and described may be practiced in other examples. Examples of operation of wireless communication systems that can be used in the field of multi-carrier communication systems are provided. More specifically, the techniques disclosed herein may relate to transmission and / or reception configuration and signaling for wireless communication.

[0045] Figure 1A An exemplary communication network 100 is illustrated. Communication network 100 may include a mobile communication network. Communication network 100 may include, for example, a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) operated / managed / run by a network operator. Communication network 100 may include one or more of a core network (CN) 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and / or wireless devices 106. Communication network 100 may include one or more data networks (DNs) 108, and / or devices within communication network 100 may communicate with the one or more data networks (e.g., via CN 102). Wireless devices 106 may communicate with one or more DNs 108, such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or operator-internal DNs. Wireless devices 106 may communicate with one or more DNs 108 via RAN 104 and / or via CN 102. CN 102 may provide / configure one or more interfaces to one or more DNs 108 for wireless devices 106. As part of the interface functionality, CN 102 can set up end-to-end connections between wireless device 106 and one or more DN 108, authenticate wireless device 106, provide / configure charging functionality, etc.

[0046] Wireless device 106 can communicate with RAN 104 via radio communication through an air interface. RAN 104 can communicate with CN 102 via various communications (e.g., wired and / or wireless communications). Wireless device 106 can establish a connection with CN 102 via RAN 104. RAN 104 can provide / configure scheduling, radio resource management, and / or retransmission protocols, for example, as part of radio communication. The communication direction from RAN 104 to wireless device 106 via the air interface can be referred to as downlink and / or downlink communication direction. The communication direction from wireless device 106 to RAN 104 via the air interface can be referred to as uplink and / or uplink communication direction. Downlink transmissions can be separated from and / or distinguished from uplink transmissions, for example, based on at least one of the following: frequency division duplex (FDD), time division duplex (TDD), any other duplex scheme, and / or one or more combinations thereof.

[0047] As used throughout, the term "wireless device" can include one or more of the following: mobile devices, fixed (e.g., non-mobile) devices configured or capable of wireless communication, computing devices, nodes, devices capable of wireless communication, or any other device capable of transmitting and / or receiving signals. As a non-limiting example, a wireless device can include, for example: telephones, cellular phones, Wi-Fi phones, smartphones, tablets, computers, laptops, sensors, meters, wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, hotspots, cellular repeaters, vehicle roadside units (RSUs), relay nodes, automobiles, wireless user equipment (e.g., user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), etc.), access terminals (AT), mobile stations, handheld devices, wireless transmitting and receiving units (WTRUs), wireless communication devices, and / or any combination thereof.

[0048] RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). As used throughout, the term "base station" may include one or more of the following: base station, node, Node B (NB), evolved Node B (eNB), gNB, ng-eNB, relay node (e.g., Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node), donor node (e.g., donor eNB, donor gNB, etc.), access point (e.g., Wi-Fi access point), transmit and receive point (TRP), computing device, device capable of wireless communication, or any other device capable of transmitting and / or receiving signals. A base station may include one or more of each of the elements listed above. For example, a base station may include one or more TRPs. As other non-limiting examples, a base station may include one or more of the following: a Node B (e.g., associated with Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and / or third-generation (3G) standards), an evolved Node B (eNB) (e.g., associated with Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and / or fourth-generation (4G) standards), a Remote Radio Header (RRH), a baseband processing unit coupled to one or more RRHs, a repeater node or relay node for extending the coverage area of ​​a donor node, a Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), a Second Generation Node B (gNB) (e.g., associated with NR and / or fifth-generation (5G) standards), an Access Point (AP) (e.g., associated with, for example, Wi-Fi or any other suitable wireless communication standard), any other generation of base stations, and / or any combination thereof. A base station may include one or more devices, such as at least one base station central device (e.g., a gNB central unit (gNB-CU)) and at least one base station distributed device (e.g., a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU)).

[0049] A base station (e.g., in RAN 104) may include one or more sets of antennas for wireless communication with wireless device 106 (e.g., via an air interface). One or more base stations may include antenna groups (e.g., three groups or any other number of groups) to individually control multiple cells or sectors (e.g., three cells, three sectors, any other number of cells, or any other number of sectors). The size of a cell may be determined by the range within which a receiver (e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive transmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter) operating within the cell. One or more cells of a base station (e.g., individually or in combination with other cells) may provide / configure radio coverage to wireless device 106 over a wide geographical area to support wireless device mobility. A base station including three sectors (e.g., or n sectors, where n represents any quantity n) may be referred to as a three-sector site (e.g., an n-sector site) or a three-sector base station (e.g., an n-sector base station).

[0050] One or more base stations (e.g., in RAN 104) can be implemented as sector sites with more or fewer than three sectors. One or more base stations in RAN 104 can be implemented as access points, baseband processing equipment / units coupled to several RRHs, and / or repeaters or relay nodes for extending the coverage area of ​​nodes (e.g., donor nodes). Baseband processing equipment / units coupled to RRHs can be part of a centralized or cloud RAN architecture, for example, where baseband processing equipment / units can be centralized in a pool of baseband processing equipment / units or virtualized. Repeater nodes can amplify and transmit (e.g., transmit, retransmit, rebroadcast, etc.) radio signals received from donor nodes. Relay nodes can perform substantially the same / similar functions as repeater nodes. Relay nodes can decode radio signals received from donor nodes, for example, by removing noise before amplifying and transmitting the radio signals.

[0051] RAN 104 can be deployed as a homogeneous network of base stations (e.g., macrocell base stations) with similar antenna patterns and / or similar high levels of transmit power. RAN 104 can also be deployed as a heterogeneous network of base stations (e.g., different base stations with different antenna patterns). In a heterogeneous network, small cell base stations can be used to provide / configure small coverage areas, such as coverage areas overlapping with relatively large coverage areas provided / configured by other base stations (e.g., macrocell base stations). Small coverage areas can be provided / configured in areas with high data traffic (or so-called "hot spots") or in areas with weak macrocell coverage. Examples of small cell base stations can include (in descending order of coverage area) microcell base stations, picocell base stations, and femtocell or home base stations.

[0052] The examples described herein can be used for various types of communications. For example, communications can be based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) (e.g., one or more network elements similar to a network element in communications network 100), communications based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), communications based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), communications based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and so on. 3GPP specifies multiple generations of mobile networks: 3G networks called UMTS, 4G networks called Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), and 5G networks called 5G Systems (5GS) and NR Systems. 3GPP can also specify additional generations of communications networks (e.g., 6G and / or any other generation of communications networks). Examples can be described by referring to one or more elements (e.g., RAN) of a 3GPP 5G network (called Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) or any other communications network (such as 3GPP networks and / or non-3GPP networks). The examples described herein can be applied to other communication networks, such as 3G and / or 4G networks, as well as communication networks that may not yet be finalized / designated (e.g., 3GPP 6G networks), satellite communication networks, and / or any other communication networks. NG-RAN implements and updates 5G radio access technology known as NR and can be configured to implement 4G radio access and / or other radio access technologies, such as other 3GPP and / or non-3GPP radio access technologies.

[0053] Figure 1B An exemplary communication network 150 is illustrated. This communication network may include a mobile communication network. Communication network 150 may include, for example, a PLMN operated / managed / run by a network operator. Communication network 150 may include one or more of the following: CN 152 (e.g., a 5G core network (5G-CN)), RAN 154 (e.g., NG-RAN), and / or radio devices 156A and 156B (collectively, radio devices 156). Communication network 150 may include one or more data networks (DN) 170, and / or devices within communication network 150 may communicate with (e.g., via CN 152) the one or more data networks. These components are capable of communicating with relative to... Figure 1A The corresponding components are implemented and operated in essentially the same or similar manner.

[0054] A CN 152 (e.g., 5G-CN) can provide / configure one or more interfaces to one or more DN 170s (such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or operator-internal DNs) for a wireless device 156. As part of the interface functions, the CN 152 (e.g., 5G-CN) can set up end-to-end connections between the wireless device 156 and one or more DNs, authenticate the wireless device 156, and / or provide / configure charging functions. The CN 152 (e.g., 5G-CN) can be a service-based architecture, which may differ from other CNs (e.g., such as 3GPP 4G CNs). The architecture of a node of a CN 152 (e.g., 5G-CN) can be defined as a network function that provides services to other network functions via interfaces. The network functions of a CN 152 (e.g., 5G CN) can be implemented in several ways, such as as a network element on dedicated or shared hardware, as a software instance running on dedicated or shared hardware, and / or as a virtualized function instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

[0055] CN 152 (e.g., 5G-CN) may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device 158A and / or User Plane Function (UPF) device 158B, which may be a separate component or a single AMF / UPF device 158. UPF device 158B may serve as a gateway between RAN 154 (e.g., NG-RAN) and one or more DN 170s. UPF device 158B may perform functions such as: packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane policy rule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classification supporting traffic flow routing to one or more DN 170s, user plane Quality of Service (QoS) processing (e.g., packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement and uplink traffic authentication), downlink packet buffering, and / or downlink data notification triggering. UPF device 158B may serve as an anchor point for intra / inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, an external Protocol (or Packet) Data Unit (PDU) session point interconnected with one or more DNs, and / or a branch point supporting multi-homed PDU sessions. The wireless device 156 can be configured to receive services via a PDU session, which can be a logical connection between the wireless device and the DN.

[0056] The AMF device 158A can perform functions such as: Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) security control, inter-CN signaling for mobility between access networks (e.g., 3GPP access networks and / or non-3GPP networks), idle-mode radio device reachability (e.g., idle-mode UE reachability for controlling and performing paging retransmissions), registration area management, intra-system and inter-system mobility support, access authentication, access authorization including roaming rights checks, mobility management control (e.g., subscriptions and policies), network slicing support, and / or Session Management Function (SMF) selection. NAS can refer to functions operating between the CN and the radio device, and AS can refer to functions operating between the radio device and the RAN.

[0057] CN 152 (e.g., 5G-CN) can be included in Figure 1B One or more additional network functions may not be shown. CN 152 (e.g., 5G-CN) may include one or more devices implementing at least one of the following: Session Management Function (SMF), NR Repository Function (NRF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Network Exposure Function (NEF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), and / or any other function.

[0058] RAN 154 (e.g., NG-RAN) can communicate with radio device 156 via radio communication (e.g., through an air interface). Radio device 156 can communicate with CN 152 via RAN 154. RAN 154 (e.g., NG-RAN) may include one or more first-type base stations (e.g., gNBs including gNB 160A and gNB 160B (collectively referred to as gNB 160)) and / or one or more second-type base stations (e.g., ng eNBs including ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B (collectively referred to as ng eNB 162)). RAN 154 may include one or more of any quantity type base stations. gNB 160 and ng eNB 162 may be referred to as base stations. Base stations (e.g., gNB 160 and ng gNB 162) may include one or more sets of antennas for wireless communication with radio device 156 (e.g., through an air interface). One or more base stations (e.g., gNB 160 and / or ng eNB 162) may include multiple sets of antennas to control multiple cells (or sectors) separately. The cells of the base stations (e.g., gNB 160 and ng-eNB 162) can provide radio coverage to the wireless device 156 over a wide geographical area to support the mobility of the wireless device.

[0059] Base stations (e.g., gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162) can connect to CN 152 (e.g., 5G CN) via a first interface (e.g., NG interface) and to other base stations via a second interface (e.g., Xn interface). The NG and Xn interfaces can be established using direct physical connections and / or indirect connections via underlying transport networks (such as Internet Protocol (IP) transport networks). Base stations (e.g., gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162) can communicate with wireless device 156 via a third interface (e.g., Uu interface). Base station (e.g., gNB 160A) can communicate with wireless device 156A via the Uu interface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces can be associated with a protocol stack. The protocol stack associated with the interface can be... Figure 1B The network elements shown are used to exchange data and signaling messages. The protocol stack can include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. Any other planes (e.g., within the protocol stack) can be used. The user plane handles data of interest to the user. The control plane handles signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0060] One or more base stations (e.g., gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162) may communicate with one or more AMF / UPF devices (such as AMF / UPF 158) via one or more interfaces (e.g., NG interfaces). A base station (e.g., gNB 160A) may communicate and / or connect to UPF 158B of AMF / UPF 158 via an NG user plane (NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface may provide / perform the delivery (e.g., non-guaranteed delivery) of user plane PDUs between the base station (e.g., gNB 160A) and the UPF device (e.g., UPF 158B). A base station (e.g., gNB 160A) may communicate and / or connect to an AMF device (e.g., AMF 158A) via an NG control plane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface can provide / perform functions such as NG interface management, radio device context management (e.g., UE context management), radio device mobility management (e.g., UE mobility management), NAS message transmission, paging, PDU session management, configuration transfer, and / or warning message transmission.

[0061] Wireless devices can access base stations via interfaces (e.g., Uu interfaces) for user plane and control plane configuration. A base station (e.g., gNB 160) can provide user plane and control plane protocol terminals to wireless device 156 via the Uu interface. A base station (e.g., gNB 160A) can provide user plane and control plane protocol terminals to wireless device 156A via a Uu interface associated with a first protocol stack. A base station (e.g., ng-eNB 162) can provide evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminals to wireless device 156 via the Uu interface (e.g., where E UTRA may refer to 3GPP 4G radio access technology). A base station (e.g., ng-eNB 162B) can provide E UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminals to wireless device 156B via a Uu interface associated with a second protocol stack. User plane and control plane protocol terminals may include, for example, NR user plane and control plane protocol terminals, 4G user plane and control plane protocol terminals, etc.

[0062] CN 152 (e.g., 5G-CN) can be configured to handle one or more radio accesses (e.g., NR, 4G, and / or any other radio access). The NR network / device (or any first network / device) can also connect to the 4G core network / device (or any second network / device) in non-standalone mode (e.g., non-standalone operation). In non-standalone mode / operation, the 4G core network can be used to provide (or at least support) control plane functions (e.g., initial access, mobility, and / or paging). Although... Figure 1B Only one AMF / UPF 158 is shown, but one or more base stations (e.g., one or more gNBs and / or one or more ng-eNBs) can connect to multiple AMF / UPF nodes, for example, to provide redundancy and / or load sharing across multiple AMF / UPF nodes.

[0063] Network elements (e.g., Figure 1B The interfaces between the network elements shown (e.g., Uu, Xn, and / or NG interfaces) can be associated with a protocol stack that the network elements can use to exchange data and signaling messages. The protocol stack can include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. Any other number of planes (e.g., within the protocol stack) can be used. The user plane can handle data associated with the user (e.g., data of interest to the user). The control plane can handle data associated with one or more network elements (e.g., signaling messages of interest to the network elements).

[0064] Figure 1A The communication network 100 and / or Figure 1BThe communication network 150 may include any amount / quantity and / or type of devices, such as, for example, computing devices, wireless devices, mobile devices, handheld devices, tablet computers, laptop computers, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, hotspots, cellular repeaters, and / or more generally, user equipment (e.g., UE). Although reference may be made herein to one or more devices of the types described above (e.g., UE, wireless devices, computing devices, etc.), it should be understood that any device herein may include any one or more devices of the types described above or similar devices. The communication network and any other networks mentioned herein may include LTE networks, 5G networks, satellite networks, and / or any other networks used for wireless communication (e.g., any 3GPP network and / or any non-3GPP network). The apparatus, systems, and / or methods described herein may generally be described as being implemented on one or more devices (e.g., wireless devices, base stations, eNBs, gNBs, computing devices, etc.) in one or more networks; however, it should be understood that one or more features and steps may be implemented in any device and / or any network.

[0065] Figure 2A An exemplary user plane configuration is shown. This user plane configuration may include, for example, the NR user plane protocol stack. Figure 2B An exemplary control plane configuration is shown. This control plane configuration may include, for example, an NR control plane protocol stack. One or more of the user plane configuration and / or control plane configuration may use a Uu interface that may be located between the wireless device 210 and the base station 220. Figure 2A and Figure 2B The protocol stack shown can be used with, for example, Figure 1B The protocol stack of the Uu interface between the wireless device 156A and the base station 160A shown is basically the same or similar.

[0066] User plane configuration (e.g., NR user plane protocol stack) may be included in the wireless device 210 and base station 220 (e.g., ... Figure 2AThe protocol stack implements multiple layers (e.g., five layers or any other number of layers). At the bottom of the protocol stack, the physical layers (PHY) 211 and 221 can provide transport services to higher layers of the protocol stack and can correspond to Layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Protocol layers above PHY 211 may include Media Access Control (MAC) 212, Radio Link Control (RLC) 213, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) 214, and / or Service Data Application Protocol (SDAP) 215. Protocol layers above PHY 221 may include Media Access Control (MAC) 222, Radio Link Control (RLC) 223, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) 224, and / or Service Data Application Protocol (SDAP) 225. One or more of the four protocol layers above PHY 211 can correspond to Layer 2 or the data link layer of the OSI model. One or more of the four protocol layers above PHY 221 can correspond to Layer 2 or the data link layer of the OSI model.

[0067] Figure 3 An example of a protocol layer is shown. A protocol layer can include, for example, the NR user plane protocol stack. One or more services can be provided between protocol layers. SDAP (e.g., Figure 2A and Figure 3SDAPs 215 and 225 shown can perform Quality of Service (QoS) stream processing. Wireless devices (e.g., wireless devices 106, 156A, 156B, and 210) can receive services via / through a PDU session, which can be a logical connection between the wireless device and the DN. This PDU session can have one or more QoS streams 310. The DN's UPF (e.g., UPF 158B) can map IP packets to these one or more QoS streams of the PDU session, for example, based on one or more QoS requirements (e.g., based on latency, data rate, bit error rate, and / or any other quality / service requirements). SDAPs 215 and 225 can perform mapping / demapping between one or more QoS streams 310 and one or more radio bearers 320 (e.g., data radio bearers). The mapping / demapping between one or more QoS streams 310 and radio bearers 320 can be determined by SDAP 225 of base station 220. The SDAP 215 of the wireless device 210 can be informed of the mapping between QoS flow 310 and radio bearer 320 via reflection mapping and / or control signaling received from the base station 220. For reflection mapping, the SDAP 225 of the base station 220 can tag downlink packets with a QoS flow indicator (QFI), and the SDAP 215 of the wireless device 210 can monitor / detect / identify / indicate / observe the QoS flow indicator to determine the mapping / demapping between one or more QoS flows 310 and radio bearer 320.

[0068] PDCP (e.g., Figure 2A and Figure 3 PDCPs 214 and 224 shown can perform header compression / decompression, for example, to reduce the amount of data that may need to be transmitted over the air interface, thereby encrypting / decrypting to prevent unauthorized decoding of data transmitted over the air interface, and / or integrity protection (e.g., to ensure that control messages originate from their intended source). PDCPs 214 and 224 can perform retransmission of undelivered packets, sequential delivery and reordering of packets, and / or removal of duplicate packets received due to, for example, handover (e.g., intra-gNB handover). PDCPs 214 and 224 can perform packet duplication, for example, to increase the likelihood of packets being received. The receiver can repeatedly receive packets and can remove any duplicate packets. Packet duplication can be used for certain services, such as those requiring high reliability.

[0069] The PDCP layers (e.g., PDCP 214 and 224) can perform mapping / demapping between separate radio bearers and RLC channels (e.g., RLC channel 330) (e.g., in a dual-connectivity scenario / configuration). Dual connectivity can refer to a technique that allows a wireless device to communicate with multiple cells (e.g., two cells) or more generally, multiple cell groups including a primary cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). For example, if a single radio bearer (e.g., one of the radio bearers provided / configured by PDCP 214 and 224 for service to SDAP 215 and 225) is handled by a cell group in dual connectivity, a separate bearer can be configured and / or used. PDCP 214 and 224 can map / demapping between the separate radio bearer and RLC channel 330 belonging to the cell group.

[0070] The RLC layer (e.g., RLC 213 and 223) can perform segmentation, retransmission via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and / or removal of duplicate data units received from the MAC layer (e.g., MAC 212 and 222, respectively). The RLC layer (e.g., RLC 213 and 223) can support multiple transmission modes (e.g., three transmission modes: Transparent Mode (TM); Unacknowledged Mode (UM); and Acknowledged Mode (AM)). The RLC layer can perform one or more of the functions described above, for example, based on the transmission mode in which the RLC layer is operating. RLC configuration can be per logical channel. RLC configuration may not depend on the parameter set and / or Transmit Time Interval (TTI) duration (or other durations). The RLC layer (e.g., RLC 213 and 223) can provide / configure the RLC channel as a service to the PDCP layer (e.g., PDCP 214 and 224, respectively), such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0071] The MAC layer (e.g., MAC 212 and 222) can perform multiplexing / demultiplexing of logical channels and / or mapping between logical channels and transport channels. Multiplexing may include multiplexing data units / data portions belonging to one or more logical channels into transport blocks (TBs) delivered to the PHY layer (e.g., PHY 211 and 221, respectively), and demultiplexing may include demultiplexing data units / data portions from the TB delivered from the PHY layer. The MAC layer of the base station (e.g., MAC 222) may be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling information reporting, and / or priority processing among radio devices via dynamic scheduling. Scheduling may be performed by the base station (e.g., base station 220 at MAC 222) for downlink and / or uplink. The MAC layer (e.g., MAC 212 and 222) may be configured to perform error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in the case of carrier aggregation (CA), and to perform priority processing among the logical channels of radio device 210 via logical channel prioritization and / or padding. The MAC layer (e.g., MAC 212 and 222) can support one or more parameter sets and / or transmit timings. Mapping constraints in logical channel prioritization can control the parameter sets and / or transmit timings that logical channels can use. The MAC layer (e.g., MAC 212 and 222) can provide / configure logical channel 340 as a service against the RLC layer (e.g., RLC 213 and 223).

[0072] The PHY layer (e.g., PHY 211 and 221) can perform transport channel-to-physical channel mapping and / or digital and analog signal processing functions, for example, for transmitting and / or receiving information (e.g., via an air interface). Digital and / or analog signal processing functions may include, for example, encoding / decoding and / or modulation / demodulation. The PHY layer (e.g., PHY 211 and 221) can perform multi-antenna mapping. The PHY layer (e.g., PHY 211 and 221) can provide / configure one or more transport channels (e.g., transport channel 350) as services for the MAC layer (e.g., MAC 212 and 222, respectively).

[0073] Figure 4A An exemplary downlink data flow for user plane configuration is shown. This user plane configuration may include, for example... Figure 2A The NR user plane protocol stack is shown. One or more TBs can be generated, for example, based on the data stream transmitted via the user plane protocol stack. Figure 4A As shown, the downlink data flow via the NR user plane protocol stack, consisting of three IP packets (n, n+1, and m), can generate two TBs (e.g., at base station 220). The uplink data flow via the NR user plane protocol stack can be similar to... Figure 4AThe downlink data flow is shown. For example, three IP packets (n, n+1, and m) can be determined from two TBs based on the uplink data flow via the NR user plane protocol stack. The first quantity of packets (e.g., three or any other quantity) can be determined from a second quantity of TBs (e.g., two or another quantity).

[0074] For example, if SDAP 225 receives three IP packets (or other amounts of IP packets) from one or more QoS flows and maps those three packets (or other amounts of packets) to radio bearers (e.g., radio bearers 402 and 404), a downlink data flow can begin. SDAP 225 can map IP packets n and n+1 to the first radio bearer 402 and IP packet m to the second radio bearer 404. The SDAP header (in...) Figure 4A Each SDAP SDU shown (preceded by "H") can be added to an IP packet to generate an SDAP PDU, which can be called a PDCP SDU. Data units transmitted from / to higher protocol layers can be called lower protocol layer Service Data Units (SDUs), and data units transmitted to / from lower protocol layers can be called higher protocol layer Protocol Data Units (PDUs). For example... Figure 4A As shown, the data unit from SDAP 225 can be an SDU (e.g., PDCP SDU) of a lower protocol layer PDCP 224, and can also be a PDU (e.g., SDAP PDU) of SDAP 225.

[0075] Each protocol layer (e.g., Figure 4A The protocol layers shown) or at least some of the protocol layers can: perform their own functions (e.g., relative to...) Figure 3 Each protocol layer may include one or more functions, add corresponding headers, and / or forward the corresponding output to the next lower layer (e.g., its corresponding lower layer). PDCP 224 may perform IP header compression and / or encryption. PDCP 224 may forward its output (e.g., PDCP PDU, which is an RLC SDU) to RLC 223. RLC 223 may optionally perform fragmentation (e.g., as described above). Figure 4A (As shown in IP packet m). RLC 223 can forward its output (e.g., two RLCPDUs, which are two MAC SDUs generated by adding appropriate subheadings to two SDU segments) to MAC 222. MAC 222 can multiplex multiple RLC PDUs (MAC SDUs). MAC 222 can attach MAC subheadings to RLC PDUs (MAC SDUs) to form a TB. MAC subheadings can be distributed on MAC PDUs (e.g., in...). Figure 4A(As shown in the NR configuration). The MAC sub-header can be located entirely at the beginning of the MAC PDU (e.g., in the LTE configuration). For example, if the MAC PDU sub-header is calculated before assembling the complete MAC PDU, the NR MAC PDU structure can reduce processing time and / or associated latency.

[0076] Figure 4B An exemplary format of the MAC subheader in a MAC PDU is shown. A MAC PDU may include a MAC subheader (H) and a MAC SDU. Each of one or more MAC subheaders may include: an SDU length field indicating the length (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU corresponding to the MAC subheader; a Logical Channel Identifier (LCID) field identifying / indicating the logical channel from which the MAC SDU originates to assist in demultiplexing processing; a flag (F) indicating the size of the SDU length field; and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

[0077] One or more MAC control elements (CEs) can be added to or inserted into a MAC PDU through a MAC layer (such as MAC 223 or MAC 222). Figure 4B As shown, two MAC CEs can be inserted / added before two MAC PDUs. MAC CEs can also be inserted / added at the beginning of a MAC PDU for downlink transmission (e.g., ...). Figure 4B (As shown). One or more MAC CEs can be inserted / added to the end of the MAC PDU for uplink transmission. MAC CEs can be used for in-band control signaling. Exemplary MAC CEs may include: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports and power headroom reports; activation / deactivation MAC CEs (e.g., MAC CEs for activating / deactivating PDCP copy detection, Channel State Information (CSI) reports, Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmissions, and previously configured components); discontinuous reception (DRX)-related MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access-related MAC CEs. MAC CEs may be preceded by a MAC subheader with a format similar to that described for the MAC subheader of the MAC SDU, and may be identified by a reserved value in the LCID field indicating the type of control information included in the corresponding MAC CE.

[0078] Figure 5A An exemplary mapping of downlink channels is shown. Uplink channel mapping may include mappings between downlink channels (e.g., logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels). Figure 5BAn exemplary mapping of uplink channels is shown. Uplink channel mapping can include mappings between uplink channels (e.g., logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels). Information can be transmitted via / through channels between the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers of a protocol stack (e.g., the NR protocol stack). Logical channels can be used between the RLC and MAC layers. Logical channels can be classified / indicated as control channels that can carry control and / or configuration information (e.g., in the NR control plane) or traffic channels that can carry data (e.g., in the NR user plane). Logical channels can be classified / indicated as dedicated logical channels that can be used exclusively by a particular wireless device, and / or common logical channels that can be used by more than one wireless device (e.g., a group of wireless devices).

[0079] Logical channels can be defined by the type of information they carry. This group of logical channels (e.g., in an NR configuration) may include one or more channels as described below. The Paging Control Channel (PCCH) may include / carry one or more paging messages for paging radio devices whose location is unknown to the network at the cell level. The Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) may include / carry system information messages in the form of a Master Information Block (MIB) and several System Information Blocks (SIBs). Radio devices can use system information messages to obtain information about how the cell is configured and how to operate within the cell. The Common Control Channel (CCCH) may include / carry control messages along with random access. The Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) may include / carry control messages destined for / from a specific radio device to configure the radio device with configuration information. The Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) may include / carry user data destined for / from a specific radio device.

[0080] Transport channels can be used between the MAC and PHY layers. Transport channels can be defined according to how the information they carry is sent / transmitted (e.g., via the air interface). This set of transport channels (e.g., defined by NR configuration or any other configuration) can include one or more of the following channels: Paging channel (PCH) can include / carry paging messages originating from the PCCH. Broadcast channel (BCH) can include / carry MIBs from the BCCH. Downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) can include / carry downlink data and signaling messages, including SIBs from the BCCH. Uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) can include / carry uplink data and signaling messages. Random access channel (RACH) can provide wireless devices with access to the network without any prior scheduling.

[0081] The PHY layer can use physical channels to pass / transmit information between processing layers of the PHY layer. A physical channel can have an associated set of time and frequency resources for carrying information from one or more transport channels. The PHY layer can generate control information to support lower-layer operations. The PHY layer can provide / transmit control information to lower layers of the PHY layer via physical control channels (e.g., referred to as L1 / L2 control channels). This set of physical channels and physical control channels (e.g., may be defined by NR configuration or any other configuration) can include one or more of the following channels: Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) can include / carry MIBs from the BCH. Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) can include / carry downlink data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH and paging messages from the PCH. Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) can include / carry downlink control information (DCI), which may include downlink scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power control commands. The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) may include / carry uplink data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH, and in some cases includes uplink control information (UCI) as described below. The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) may include / carry UCI, which may include HARQ acknowledgments, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and scheduling requests (SR). The Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) can be used for random access.

[0082] The physical layer can generate physical signals to support lower-level physical layer operations, which can resemble physical control channels. For example... Figure 5A and Figure 5B As shown, physical layer signals (e.g., may be defined by NR configuration or any other configuration) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PT RS), and / or any other signal.

[0083] One or more of these channels (e.g., logical channels, transport channels, physical channels, etc.) can be used to perform functions associated with the control plan protocol stack (e.g., the NR control plane protocol stack). Figure 2B An exemplary control plane configuration (e.g., the NR control plane protocol stack) is shown. For example... Figure 2BAs shown, a control plane configuration (e.g., an NR control plane protocol stack) can use one or more substantially the same / similar protocol layers (e.g., PHY 211 and 221, MAC 212 and 222, RLC 213 and 223, and PDCP 214 and 224) as an example user plane configuration (e.g., an NR user plane protocol stack). The four similar protocol layers may include PHY 211 and 221, MAC 212 and 222, RLC 213 and 223, and PDCP 214 and 224. A control plane configuration (e.g., an NR control plane protocol stack) may have Radio Resource Control (RRC) 216 and 226 and NAS protocols 217 and 237 on top of the control plane configuration, for example, instead of having SDAP 215 and 225. The control plane configuration may include an AMF 230, which includes the NAS protocol 237.

[0084] NAS protocols 217 and 237 can provide control plane functionality between wireless device 210 and AMF 230 (e.g., AMF 158A or any other AMF) and / or more generally, between wireless device 210 and CN (e.g., CN 152 or any other CN). NAS protocols 217 and 237 can provide control plane functionality between wireless device 210 and AMF 230 via signaling messages called NAS messages. There may not be a direct path for NAS messages to be transmitted between wireless device 210 and AMF 230. NAS messages can be transmitted using AS interfaces of Uu and NG. NAS protocols 217 and 237 can provide control plane functions such as authentication, security, connection settings, mobility management, session management, and / or any other functions.

[0085] RRC layers 216 and 226 can provide / configure control plane functions between radio device 210 and base station 220 and / or more generally, between radio device 210 and RAN (e.g., base station 220). RRC layers 216 and 226 can provide / configure control plane functions between radio device 210 and base station 220 via signaling messages (which may be referred to as RRC messages). RRC messages can be sent / transmitted between radio device 210 and RAN (e.g., base station 220) using signaling radio bearers and the same / similar PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY protocol layers. The MAC layer can multiplex control plane and user plane data into the same TB. RRC layers 216 and 226 can provide / configure control plane functions, such as one or more of the following: broadcasting system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by CN or RAN; establishment, maintenance, and release of RRC connections between radio device 210 and RAN (e.g., base station 220); security functions, including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance, and release of signaling radio bearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS management functions; control of radio device measurement reports (e.g., radio device measurement reports) and reports; detection and recovery of radio link failures (RLFs); and / or NAS message transmission. As part of establishing an RRC connection, RRC layers 216 and 226 can establish an RRC context, which may involve configuring communication parameters between radio device 210 and RAN (e.g., base station 220).

[0086] Figure 6 Exemplary RRC states and RRC state transitions are illustrated. The RRC state of a wireless device can change to another RRC state (e.g., an RRC state transition of the wireless device). The wireless device can be substantially the same as or similar to wireless device 106, 210, or any other wireless device. The wireless device can be in at least one of a plurality of states, such as three RRC states, including RRC connected 602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 606 (e.g., RRC_IDLE), and RRC inactive state 604 (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE). RRC inactive state 604 can be an RRC that is connected but inactive.

[0087] An RRC connection can be established for a wireless device. For example, this might occur during an RRC connection state. During an RRC connection state (e.g., during RRC connection 602), the wireless device may have an established RRC context and may have at least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may resemble one of these base stations (e.g., Figure 1A One or more base stations of RAN 104 shown Figure 1BOne of gNB 160 or ng eNB 162 shown. Figure 2A and Figure 2B (Base station 220 shown or any other base station). A base station connected to a wireless device (e.g., with an established RRC connection) may have the wireless device's RRC context. The RRC context may be referred to as the wireless device context (e.g., UE context) and may include parameters for communication between the wireless device and the base station. These parameters may include one or more of the following: AS context; radio link configuration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g., related to data radio bearers, signaling radio bearers, logical channels, QoS flows, and / or PDU sessions); security information; and / or layer configuration information (e.g., PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and / or SDAP layer configuration information). During RRC connection states (e.g., RRC connection 602), the mobility of the wireless device may be managed / controlled by the RAN (e.g., RAN 104 or NG RAN 154). The wireless device may measure the received signal level (e.g., reference signal level, reference signal received power, reference signal quality, received signal strength indicator, etc.) based on one or more signals transmitted from the serving cell and neighboring cells. The wireless device can report these measurements to the serving base station (e.g., the base station currently serving the wireless device). The serving base station of the wireless device can, for example, request a handover to a cell of a neighboring base station based on the reported measurements. The RRC state can be transitioned from an RRC connected state (e.g., RRC connected 602) to an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC idle 606) via a connection release procedure 608. The RRC state can be transitioned from an RRC connected state (e.g., RRC connected 602) to an RRC inactive state (e.g., RRC inactive state 604) via a connection deactivation procedure 610.

[0088] An RRC context may not be established for the radio device. For example, this could occur during an RRC idle state. During an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC Idle 606), an RRC context may not be established for the radio device. During an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC Idle 606), the radio device may not have an RRC connection with the base station. During an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC Idle 606), the radio device may be in a sleep state most of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The radio device may be periodically woken up (e.g., every Discontinuous Receive (DRX) cycle) to monitor paging messages (e.g., paging messages set from the RAN). The mobility of the radio device can be managed by the radio device via a cell reselection procedure. The RRC state can transition from an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC Idle 606) to an RRC connected state (e.g., RRC Connected 602) via a connection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a random access procedure.

[0089] Previously established RRC contexts can be maintained for radio devices. For example, this might occur during an RRC inactivity state. During an RRC inactivity state (e.g., RRC inactivity state 604), previously established RRC contexts can be maintained in both the radio device and the base station. Compared to a transition from an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC idle 606) to an RRC connected state (e.g., RRC connected 602), maintaining the RRC context allows for / permits a rapid transition to the RRC connected state (e.g., RRC connected 602) with reduced signaling overhead. During an RRC inactivity state (e.g., RRC inactivity state 604), the radio device can be in a sleep state, and its mobility can be managed / controlled by the radio device via cell reselection. The RRC state can transition from an RRC inactivity state (e.g., RRC inactivity state 604) to an RRC connected state (e.g., RRC connected 602) via a connection recovery process 614. The RRC state can be transitioned from an RRC inactive state (e.g., RRC inactive state 604) to an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC idle 606) via a connection release procedure 616, which can be the same as or similar to the connection release procedure 608.

[0090] RRC states can be associated with mobility management mechanisms. During RRC idle states (e.g., RRC Idle 606) and RRC inactive states (e.g., RRC Inactive State 604), mobility can be managed / controlled by the radio device via cell reselection. The purpose of mobility management during RRC idle states (e.g., RRC Idle 606) or RRC inactive states (e.g., RRC Inactive State 604) can be to enable / permit the network to notify the radio device of events via paging messages without broadcasting paging messages across the mobile network. Mobility management mechanisms used during RRC idle states (e.g., RRC Idle 606) or RRC inactive states (e.g., RRC Inactive State 604) can enable / permit the network to track the radio device at the cell group level, for example, by enabling paging messages to be broadcast on the cell of the cell group where the radio device currently camps (e.g., instead of sending paging messages across the mobile network). Mobility management mechanisms for RRC idle states (e.g., RRC idle 606) and RRC inactive states (e.g., RRC inactive state 604) can track radio devices at the cell group level. This mobility management mechanism can, for example, use different packet granularities for tracking. Multiple levels of cell packet granularity can exist (e.g., three levels of cell packet granularity: a single cell; cells within a RAN area identified by a RAN Area Identifier (RAI); and a group of cells within a RAN area referred to as the tracking area and identified by a Tracking Area Identifier (TAI)).

[0091] A tracking area can be used to track radio devices (e.g., to track the location of radio devices at the CN level). A CN (e.g., CN 102, 5G CN 152, or any other CN) can send a list of TAIs associated with the radio device's registration area (e.g., UE registration area) to the radio device. The radio device can perform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update the radio device's location and provide the radio device with a new UE registration area, for example, if the radio device moves (e.g., via cell reselection) to a cell associated with a TAI that may not be included in the list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area.

[0092] RAN areas can be used to track radio devices (e.g., the location of radio devices at the RAN level). For radio devices in an RRC inactive state (e.g., RRC inactive state 604), RAN notification areas can be assigned / provided / configured to the radio device. RAN notification areas can include one or more cell identifiers (e.g., a RAI list and / or a TAI list). Base stations can belong to one or more RAN notification areas. Cells can belong to one or more RAN notification areas. Radio devices can perform notification area updates with the RAN to update the radio device's RAN notification area, for example, if the radio device moves (e.g., via cell reselection) to a cell not included in the RAN notification area assigned / provided / configured to the radio device.

[0093] A base station that stores the RRC context of a wireless device or the last serving base station of the wireless device may be referred to as an anchor base station. The anchor base station may maintain the RRC context of the wireless device at least during the time period during which the wireless device is in the anchor base station's RAN notification area and / or during the time period during which the wireless device is in an RRC inactive state (e.g., RRC inactive state 604).

[0094] Base station (e.g., Figure 1B A gNB 160 or any other base station can be divided into two parts: a central unit (e.g., a base station central unit, such as a gNB CU) and one or more distributed units (e.g., base station distributed units, such as a gNBDU). The base station central unit (CU) can be coupled to one or more base station distributed units (DUs) using an F1 interface (e.g., an F1 interface defined in the NR configuration). The base station CU may include RRC, PDCP, and SDAP layers. The base station distributed unit (DU) may include RLC, MAC, and PHY layers.

[0095] Physical signals and physical channels (e.g., relative to physical signals and physical channels) Figure 5A and Figure 5BThe data can be mapped onto one or more symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in an NR configuration or any other symbol). OFDM is a multicarrier communication scheme that transmits / transmits data over F orthogonal subcarriers (or carriers). The data can be mapped onto a series of complex symbols called source symbols (e.g., M-QAM symbols, M-PSK symbols, or any other modulated symbols), and is divided into F parallel symbol streams, for example, before data transmission. The F parallel symbol streams can be treated as if they were in the frequency domain. The F parallel symbols can be used as input to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block that transforms them into the time domain. The IFFT block can receive F source symbols at a time, one source symbol from each of the F parallel symbol streams. The IFFT block can use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phase of a function corresponding to one of the F sinusoidal basis functions of the F orthogonal subcarriers. The output of the IFFT block can be F time-domain samples representing the sum of the F orthogonal subcarriers. F time-domain samples can form a single OFDM symbol. The OFDM symbol provided / output by the IFFT block can be transmitted / transmitted over the air interface at the carrier frequency, for example, after one or more processes (e.g., adding a cyclic prefix) and upsampling. For example, before processing by the IFFT block, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) block can be used to mix the F parallel symbol streams. This operation can produce Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) precoded OFDM symbols, which can be used by one or more wireless devices in the uplink to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Inverse processing of the OFDM symbols can be performed at the receiver using the FFT block to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

[0096] Figure 7 An exemplary configuration of a frame is shown. The frame may include, for example, an NR radio frame, into which OFDM symbols can be grouped. The frame (e.g., an NR radio frame) can be identified / indicated by a System Frame Number (SFN) or any other value. The SFN can repeat for 1024 frames in a cycle. The duration of an NR frame can be 10 milliseconds (ms) and can include 10 subframes with a duration of 1 ms. Subframes can be divided into one or more time slots (e.g., depending on the parameter set and / or different subcarrier spacing). Each of these one or more time slots can include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per slot. Any amount of symbols, time slots, or duration can be used for any time interval.

[0097] The duration of a time slot can depend on the parameter set of the OFDM symbols used for the time slot. For example, flexible parameter sets can be supported to accommodate different deployments (e.g., cells with carrier frequencies below 1 GHz to cells with carrier frequencies in the millimeter-wave range). For example, flexible parameter sets can be supported in NR configurations or any other radio configuration. Parameter sets can be defined based on subcarrier spacing and / or cyclic prefix duration. Subcarrier spacing can be increased proportionally from a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz by a power of two. For example, for a parameter set in an NR configuration or any other radio configuration, the cyclic prefix duration can be decreased proportionally from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 μs by a power of two. Parameter sets can be defined using the following subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz / 4.7 μs; 30 kHz / 2.3 μs; 60 kHz / 1.2 μs; 120 kHz / 0.59 μs; 240 kHz / 0.29 μs, and / or any other subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration combination.

[0098] A time slot can have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols). A parameter set with a higher subcarrier spacing can have a shorter time slot duration and more time slots per subframe. Figure 7 The example shown is a time slot duration and per-subframe time slot transmission structure associated with the parameter set. Figure 7 (A parameter set with a 240kHz subcarrier spacing is not shown in the diagram). Subframes (e.g., in an NR configuration) can be used as parameter set-independent time references. Time slots can be used as units for scheduling uplink and downlink transmissions. Scheduling (e.g., in an NR configuration) can be decoupled from the time slot duration. Scheduling can begin at any OFDM symbol. Scheduling can last as many symbols as required for transmission, for example, to support low latency. These partial time slot transmissions can be referred to as micro-time slot or sub-time slot transmissions.

[0099] Figure 8 An exemplary resource configuration for one or more carriers is shown. The resource configuration may include time slots in the time and frequency domains for NR carriers or any other carriers. These time slots may include resource elements (REs) and resource blocks (RBs). A resource element (RE) may be a minimum physical resource (e.g., in an NR configuration). An RE may span an OFDM symbol in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain, such as... Figure 8 As shown. RB can span twelve consecutive REs in the frequency domain, such as... Figure 8As shown. A carrier (e.g., an NR carrier) can be limited to a certain number of RBs and / or subcarrier widths (e.g., 275 RBs or 275 × 12 = 3300 subcarriers). If this limitation is used, the carrier (e.g., an NR carrier) frequency can be limited based on the subcarrier spacing (e.g., for subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, and 120 kHz, the carrier frequencies are 50 MHz, 100 MHz, 200 MHz, and 400 MHz, respectively). A 400 MHz bandwidth can be set based on a 400 MHz bandwidth limit per carrier. Any other bandwidth can be set based on a per-carrier bandwidth limit.

[0100] It can be used throughout the entire bandwidth of the carrier (e.g., such as Figure 8 A single parameter set is used on the NR shown. In other exemplary configurations, multiple parameter sets can be supported on the same carrier. NR and / or other access technologies can support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400MHz for a subcarrier spacing of 120kHz). Not all wireless devices can receive the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations and / or different wireless device capabilities). For example, receiving and / or utilizing the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibited depending on the power consumption of the wireless device. The wireless device can adjust the size of its receive bandwidth, for example, based on the amount of traffic that the wireless device is scheduled to receive (e.g., to reduce power consumption and / or for other purposes). This adaptation can be called bandwidth adaptation.

[0101] The configuration of one or more Bandwidth Parts (BWPs) can support one or more radio devices that cannot receive the full carrier bandwidth. BWPs can support bandwidth adaptation, for example, for such radio devices that cannot receive the full carrier bandwidth. A BWP (e.g., an NR-configured BWP) can be defined by a subset of consecutive RBs on a carrier. A radio device can be configured (e.g., via an RRC layer) to have one or more downlink BWPs per serving cell and one or more uplink BWPs per serving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs per serving cell and up to four uplink BWPs per serving cell). One or more of the configured BWPs of the serving cell can be active, for example, at a given time. These one or more BWPs can be referred to as the active BWPs of the serving cell. For example, if the serving cell is configured with a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell can have one or more first active BWPs on the uplink carrier and one or more second active BWPs on the secondary uplink carrier.

[0102] A downlink BWP from a set of configured downlink BWPs can be linked to an uplink BWP from a set of configured uplink BWPs (e.g., for unpaired spectrum). For example, a downlink BWP can be linked to an uplink BWP if the downlink BWP index and the uplink BWP index are the same. The wireless device can expect the center frequency of the downlink BWP to be the same as the center frequency of the uplink BWP (e.g., for unpaired spectrum).

[0103] A base station can configure one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) for a radio device for at least one search space. The base station can configure one or more CORESETs for a radio device, such as a set of downlink BWPs in a configured downlink BWP on a primary cell (PCell) or secondary cell (SCell). The search space can include a set of locations in the time and frequency domains where the radio device can monitor / find / detect / identify control information. The search space can be a radio device-specific search space (e.g., a UE-specific search space) or a common search space (e.g., which can be used by multiple radio devices or a group of radio user equipments). The base station can configure a common search space for a group of radio devices in an active downlink BWP on a PCell or primary / secondary cell (PSCell).

[0104] A base station can configure one or more resource sets for a radio device to transmit one or more PUCCHs, for example, for an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs. The radio device can receive downlink receptions (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in a downlink BWP, for example, based on a configured set of parameters for the downlink BWP (e.g., configured subcarrier spacing and / or configured cyclic prefix duration). The radio device can transmit / transmit uplink transmissions (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in an uplink BWP, for example, based on a configured set of parameters (e.g., configured subcarrier spacing and / or configured cyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

[0105] One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided / included in the downlink control information (DCI). The value of the BWP indicator field can indicate which BWP in a set of configured BWPs is the active downlink BWP for one or more downlink receptions. The value of the one or more BWP indicator fields can indicate the active uplink BWP for one or more uplink transmissions.

[0106] The base station can semi-statically configure a default downlink BWP within a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with the PCell for the radio device. For example, if the base station does not provide / configure a default downlink BWP to / for the radio device, the default downlink BWP can be the initial active downlink BWP. The radio device can determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP, for example, based on the CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

[0107] The base station can configure a BWP inactivity timer value for the PCell for the wireless device. The wireless device can start or restart the BWP inactivity timer at any appropriate time. For example, the wireless device can start or restart the BWP inactivity timer if one or more conditions are met. These conditions may include at least one of the following: the wireless device detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than the default downlink BWP used for paired spectrum operation; the wireless device detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than the default downlink BWP used for unpaired spectrum operation; and / or the wireless device detects a DCI indicating an active uplink BWP other than the default uplink BWP used for unpaired spectrum operation. For example, if the wireless device does not detect a DCI during a time interval (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the wireless device can start / run the BWP inactivity timer when it is close to expiration (e.g., increasing from zero to the BWP inactivity timer value, or decreasing from the BWP inactivity timer value to zero). For example, if the BWP inactivity timer expires, the wireless device can switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

[0108] The base station can semi-statically configure one or more BWPs for the wireless device. The wireless device can, for example, switch the active BWP from the first BWP to the second BWP after receiving a DCI indicating that the second BWP is the active BWP (e.g., based on or in response to this). The wireless device (e.g., if the second BWP is the default BWP) can, for example, switch the active BWP from the first BWP to the second BWP after the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (e.g., based on or in response to this).

[0109] Downlink BWP handover can refer to switching the active downlink BWP from a first downlink BWP to a second downlink BWP (e.g., activating the second downlink BWP and deactivating the first downlink BWP). Uplink BWP handover can refer to switching the active uplink BWP from a first uplink BWP to a second uplink BWP (e.g., activating the second uplink BWP and deactivating the first uplink BWP). Downlink and uplink BWP handovers can be performed independently (e.g., in one or more paired spectrums). Downlink and uplink BWP handovers can also be performed simultaneously (e.g., in one or more unpaired spectrums). Handovers between configured BWPs can occur, for example, based on RRC signaling, DCI signaling, the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and / or the initiation of random access.

[0110] Figure 9An example of a configured BWP is shown. Bandwidth adaptation using multiple BWPs (e.g., three configured BWPs for an NR carrier) is available. A wireless device configured with multiple BWPs (e.g., three BWPs) can switch from one BWP to another at a handover point. BWPs may include: BWP 902 with a bandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP 904 with a bandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; and BWP 906 with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. BWP 902 can be the initial active BWP, and BWP 904 can be the default BWP. The wireless device can switch between BWPs at a handover point. The wireless device can switch from BWP 902 to BWP 904 at handover point 908. A handover can occur at handover point 908 for any suitable reason. The handover at handover point 908 may occur, for example, after the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (e.g., an indication to switch to the default BWP) (e.g., based on or in response to this). The handover at handover point 908 may occur, for example, after receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP (e.g., based on or in response to this). The wireless device may switch from active BWP 904 to BWP 906 at handover point 910, for example, after receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP or in response to this. The wireless device may switch from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 at handover point 912, for example, after the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (e.g., based on or in response to this). The wireless device may switch from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 at handover point 912, for example, after receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP or in response to this. The wireless device can, for example, switch from the active BWP 904 to BWP 902 at the switching point 914 after receiving a DCI indicating that BWP 902 is the active BWP, or in response to such a DCI.

[0111] The radio device procedure for handing over a BWP on a secondary cell can be the same as / similar to that on the primary cell, for example, if the radio device is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWP and timer values ​​from a set of configured downlink BWPs. The radio device can use the timer values ​​and default downlink BWP for the secondary cell in the same / similar manner as the radio device uses the timer values ​​and / or default BWP for the primary cell. The timer values ​​(e.g., BWP inactivity timers) can be configured, for example, via RRC signaling or any other signaling, for each cell (e.g., for one or more BWPs). One or more active BWPs can be handed over to another BWP, for example, based on the expiration of the BWP inactivity timer.

[0112] Two or more carriers can be aggregated, and carrier aggregation (CA) can be used to simultaneously send / transmit data to / from the same wireless device (e.g., to increase the data rate). The aggregated carriers in CA can be called component carriers (CCs). For example, if CA is configured / used, there may be a certain number / quantity of serving cells for the wireless device (e.g., one serving cell for CCs). CCs can have multiple configurations in the frequency domain.

[0113] Figure 10A An exemplary CA configuration based on CC is shown. For example... Figure 10A As shown, the three types of CA configurations can include an in-band (continuous) configuration 1002, an in-band (non-continuous) configuration 1004, and / or an inter-band configuration 1006. In an in-band (continuous) configuration 1002, two CCs can be aggregated in the same frequency band (band A) and can be directly adjacent to each other within the band. In an in-band (non-continuous) configuration 1004, two CCs can be aggregated in the same frequency band (band A), but can be spaced apart from each other within the band. In an inter-band configuration 1006, two CCs can be located in different frequency bands (e.g., band A and band B, respectively).

[0114] The network can be configured to aggregate a maximum number of CCs (e.g., up to 32 CCs in NR, or any other number in other systems). Aggregated CCs can have the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacing, and / or duplex schemes (TDD, FDD, or any other duplex scheme). The serving cell for a radio device using CA can have downlink CCs. One or more uplink CCs can optionally be configured for the serving cell (e.g., for FDD). The ability to aggregate more downlink carriers than uplink carriers can be useful, for example, if the radio device has more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

[0115] One of the aggregated cells used by a wireless device can be called the primary cell (PCell), for example, if a CA is configured. The PCell can be the serving cell for initial wireless connection or access, for example, during or at the time of RRC connection establishment, RRC connection re-establishment, and / or handover. The PCell can provide / configure NAS mobility information and security input to the wireless device. A wireless device can have different PCells. For the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell can be called the downlink primary CC (DLPCC). For the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell can be called the uplink primary CC (UL PCC). Other aggregated cells used by the wireless device (e.g., associated with CCs other than the DL PCC and UL PCC) can be called secondary cells (SCells). For example, an SCell can be configured after a PCell is configured for the wireless device. An SCell can be configured via an RRC connection reconfiguration process. For the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell can be called the downlink secondary CC (DL SCC). For the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell can be called the uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).

[0116] For example, SCells configured for wireless devices can be activated or deactivated based on service and channel conditions. Deactivation of a SCell can cause the wireless device to stop receiving PDCCH and PDSCH on the SCell, as well as transmitting PUSCH, SRS, and CQI on the SCell. For example, MAC CE (e.g., relative to...) can be used. Figure 4B The MAC CE activates or deactivates a configured SCell. The MAC CE can use a bitmap (e.g., one bit per SCell) to indicate which SCells (e.g., in a subset of configured SCells) are activated or deactivated for the wireless device. For example, a configured SCell can be deactivated after the expiration of a SCell deactivation timer (e.g., one SCell deactivation timer is configured for each SCell) (e.g., based on or in response to this).

[0117] DCI (Distributed Control Information) can include control information for the cell, such as scheduling assignments and scheduling grants. DCI can be transmitted / transmitted via the cell corresponding to the scheduling assignment and / or scheduling grant; this can be called self-scheduling. DCI including control information for the cell can be transmitted / transmitted via another cell; this can be called cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink Control Information (UCI) can include control information such as HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback (e.g., CQI, PMI, and / or RI) for the aggregated cell. UCI can be transmitted / transmitted via the uplink control channel (e.g., PUCCH) of a PCell or a SCell (e.g., a SCell configured with PUCCH). For a large number of aggregated downlink CCs, the PUCCH of the PCell may become overloaded. Cells can be divided into multiple PUCCH groups.

[0118] Figure 10B An exemplary cell group is shown. Aggregated cells can be configured into one or more PUCCH groups (e.g., such as...). Figure 10B(As shown). One or more cell groups or one or more uplink control channel groups (e.g., PUCCH group 1010 and PUCCH group 1050) may each include one or more downlink CCs. PUCCH group 1010 may include one or more downlink CCs, for example, three downlink CCs: PCell 1011 (e.g., DL PCC), SCell 1012 (e.g., DL SCC), and SCell 1013 (e.g., DL SCC). PUCCH group 1050 may include one or more downlink CCs, for example, three downlink CCs: PUCCH SCell (or PSCell) 1051 (e.g., DL SCC), SCell 1052 (e.g., DL SCC), and SCell 1053 (e.g., DL SCC). One or more uplink CCs of PUCCH group 1010 may be configured as PCell 1021 (e.g., UL PCC), SCell 1022 (e.g., UL SCC), and SCell 1023 (e.g., UL SCC). One or more uplink CCs of PUCCH group 1050 can be configured as PUCCH SCell (or PSCell) 1061 (e.g., UL SCC), SCell 1062 (e.g., UL SCC), and SCell 1063 (e.g., UL SCC). UCIs associated with the downlink CCs of PUCCH group 1010 can be transmitted / transmitted via the uplink of PCell 1021 (e.g., via the PUCCH of PCell 1021), shown as UCI 1031, UCI 1032, and UCI 1033. UCIs associated with the downlink CCs of PUCCH group 1050 can be transmitted / transmitted via the uplink of PUCCH SCell (or PSCell) 1061 (e.g., via the PUCCH of PUCCH SCell 1061), shown as UCI 1071, UCI 1072, and UCI 1073. For example, if Figure 10B If the aggregated cell shown is not divided into PUCCH group 1010 and PUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell can be configured to transmit / transmit UCIs associated with six downlink CCs. For example, if UCIs 1031, 1032, 1033, 1071, 1072, and 1073 are transmitted / transmitted via PCell 1021, PCell 1021 may become overloaded. By dividing the transmission of UCIs between PCell 1021 and PUCCH SCell (or PSCell) 1061, overload can be prevented and / or reduced.

[0119] A PCell may include a downlink carrier (e.g., PCell 1011) and an uplink carrier (e.g., PCell 1021). An SCell may include only a downlink carrier. A physical cell ID and a cell index may be assigned to a cell that includes a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier. The physical cell ID or cell index may indicate / identify the downlink carrier and / or uplink carrier of the cell, for example, depending on the context in which the physical cell ID is used. For example, the physical cell ID may be determined using synchronization signals (e.g., PSS and / or SSS) transmitted / transmitted via downlink component carriers. The cell index may be determined, for example, using one or more RRC messages. The physical cell ID may be referred to as a carrier ID, and the cell index may be referred to as a carrier index. The first physical cell ID for the first downlink carrier may refer to the first physical cell ID of the cell that includes the first downlink carrier. Essentially the same / similar concepts may be applied, for example, carrier activation. The activation of the first carrier may refer to the activation of the cell that includes the first carrier.

[0120] The multi-carrier nature of the PHY layer can be exposed / indicated to the MAC layer (e.g., in a CA configuration). HARQ entities can operate on the serving cell. Transport blocks can be generated for each assignment / grant per serving cell. Transport blocks and potential HARQ retransmissions of transport blocks can be mapped to the serving cell.

[0121] For the downlink, the base station may send / transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast) one or more reference signals (RS) (e.g., PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DM-RS, and / or PT-RS) to one or more radio devices. For the uplink, the one or more radio devices may send / transmit one or more RS (e.g., DM-RS, PT-RS, and / or SRS) to the base station. PSS and SSS may be sent / transmitted by the base station and used by the one or more radio devices to synchronize with the base station. Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) blocks may include PSS, SSS, and PBCH. The base station may periodically send / transmit bursts of SS / PBCH blocks, which may be referred to as SSBs.

[0122] Figure 11A An exemplary mapping of one or more SS / PBCH blocks is shown. A burst of SS / PBCH blocks may include one or more SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., 4 SS / PBCH blocks, such as...). Figure 11A(As shown). Bursts can be transmitted / transmitted periodically (e.g., every 2 frames, 20 milliseconds, or any other duration). Bursts can be limited to half-frames (e.g., a first half-frame lasting 5 ms). Such parameters (e.g., the number of SS / PBCH blocks per burst, the periodicity of the burst, the position of the burst within a frame) can be configured, for example, based on at least one of the following: the carrier frequency of the cell in which the SS / PBCH blocks are transmitted / transmitted; the parameter set or subcarrier spacing of the cell; the configuration performed by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling); and / or any other suitable factor. For example, unless the wireless network configures the wireless device to assume different subcarrier spacings, the wireless device can assume the subcarrier spacing of the SS / PBCH blocks based on the monitored carrier frequency.

[0123] SS / PBCH blocks can span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, such as...). Figure 11A The PSS, SSS, and PBCH can have a common center frequency. The PSS can be transmitted first and can span, for example, one OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS can be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., two symbols later) and can span one OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The PBCH can be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., across the next three OFDM symbols) and can span 240 subcarriers (e.g., in the frequency domain, such as...). Figure 11A In the second and fourth OFDM symbols shown) and / or may span fewer than 240 subcarriers (e.g., in such cases) Figure 11A (In the third OFDM symbol shown).

[0124] A wireless device may not know the location of the SS / PBCH block in the time and frequency domains (e.g., if the wireless device is searching for a cell). For example, the wireless device may monitor the carrier of the PSS to find and select a cell. The wireless device may monitor frequency locations within the carrier. For example, if the PSS is not found after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the wireless device may search for the PSS at different frequency locations within the carrier. The wireless device may search for the PSS at different frequency locations within the carrier, such as those indicated by a synchronization grating. If the PSS is found at its location in both the time and frequency domains, the wireless device may determine the locations of the SSS and PBCH separately, for example, based on the known structure of the SS / PBCH block. The SS / PBCH block may be a cell-defined SS block (CD-SSB). The primary cell may be associated with the CD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on a synchronization grating. Cell selection / search and / or reselection may be based on the CD-SSB.

[0125] A radio device can use SS / PBCH blocks to determine one or more parameters of a cell. The radio device can determine the cell's Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) based, for example, on the sequences of PSS and SSS. The radio device can determine the location of the cell's frame boundary based, for example, on the location of the SS / PBCH block. The SS / PBCH block can indicate that it has been transmitted / transmitted according to the transmission mode. The SS / PBCH block in the transmission mode can be at a known distance from the frame boundary (e.g., a predefined distance in the RAN configuration between one or more networks, one or more base stations, and one or more radio devices).

[0126] The PBCH can use QPSK modulation and / or forward error correction (FEC). FEC can use polarity coding. One or more symbols spanned by the PBCH may include / carry one or more DM-RS for PBCH demodulation. The PBCH may include an indication of the cell's current system frame number (SFN) and / or an SS / PBCH block timing index. These parameters can facilitate time synchronization between the radio device and the base station. The PBCH may include a MIB for sending / transmitting one or more parameters to the radio device. The radio device can use this MIB to locate the Residual Minimal System Information (RMSI) associated with the cell. The RMSI may include System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1). SIB1 may include information for the radio device to access the cell. The radio device can use one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor the PDCCH, which may be used to schedule the PDSCH. The PDSCH may include SIB1. SIB1 can be decoded using parameters provided / included in the MIB. The PBCH may indicate the absence of SIB1. The radio device may be directed to a frequency, for example, based on the PBCH indicating the absence of SIB1. Wireless devices can search for SS / PBCH blocks at the frequency to which the wireless device is directed.

[0127] A wireless device may assume quasi-co-located (QCLed) SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., having substantially the same / similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and / or spatial Rx parameters) for transmission / transmission using the same SS / PBCH block index. A wireless device may not assume QCL for transmission of SS / PBCH blocks with different SS / PBCH block indices. SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half-frame) may be transmitted / transmitted in spatial directions (e.g., using different beams spanning a coverage area of ​​the cell). A first SS / PBCH block may be transmitted / transmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, a second SS / PBCH block in a second spatial direction using a second beam, a third SS / PBCH block in a third spatial direction using a third beam, a fourth SS / PBCH block in a fourth spatial direction using a fourth beam, and so on.

[0128] A base station may, for example, transmit / transmit multiple SS / PBCH blocks within a carrier frequency span. The first PCI of the first SS / PBCH block among these multiple SS / PBCH blocks may differ from the second PCI of the second SS / PBCH block among these multiple SS / PBCH blocks. The PCIs of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted / transmitted at different frequency locations may be different or substantially the same.

[0129] CSI-RS can be transmitted / transmitted by the base station and used by the wireless device to collect / acquire / determine Channel State Information (CSI). The base station can configure one or more CSI-RS for the wireless device for channel estimation or any other suitable purpose. The base station can configure one or more of the same / similar CSI-RS for the wireless device. The wireless device can measure the one or more CSI-RS. The wireless device can, for example, estimate the downlink channel state and / or generate a CSI report based on the measurements of the one or more downlink CSI-RS. The wireless device can send / transmit CSI reports to the base station (e.g., based on periodic CSI reports, semi-persistent CSI reports, and / or aperiodic CSI reports). The base station can use feedback provided by the wireless device (e.g., estimated downlink channel state) to perform link adaptation.

[0130] A base station can semi-statically configure one or more CSI-RS resource sets for a wireless device. CSI-RS resources can be associated with location and periodicity in the time and frequency domains. The base station can selectively activate and / or deactivate CSI-RS resources. The base station can instruct the wireless device that CSI-RS resources in the CSI-RS resource set are activated and / or deactivated.

[0131] A base station can configure a wireless device to report CSI measurement results. The base station can configure the wireless device to provide CSI reports periodically, non-periodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the wireless device can be configured with multiple CSI reports at specific times and / or periodically. For non-periodic CSI reporting, the base station can request CSI reports. The base station can command the wireless device to measure configured CSI-RS resources and provide CSI reports related to the measurement results. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station can configure the wireless device to periodically transmit / transmit and selectively activate or deactivate periodic reports (e.g., via one or more activation / deactivation MAC CEs and / or one or more DCIs). The base station can, for example, use RRC signaling to configure the CSI-RS resource set and CSI reports for the wireless device.

[0132] CSI-RS configuration may include one or more parameters indicating, for example, up to 32 antenna ports (or any other number of antenna ports). For example, if the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCL, and the resource element associated with the downlink CSI-RS is outside the Physical Resource Block (PRB) configured for the CORESET, the radio device can be configured to use / adopt the same OFDM symbols for both the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET. Similarly, if the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks are spatially QCL, and the resource element associated with the downlink CSI-RS is outside the PRB configured for the SS / PBCH blocks, the radio device can be configured to use / adopt the same OFDM symbols for both the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks.

[0133] Downlink DM-RS can be transmitted / transmitted by the base station and received / used by the radio device for channel estimation. Downlink DM-RS can be used for coherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH). The network (e.g., NR network) can support one or more variable and / or configurable DM-RS modes for data demodulation. At least one downlink DM-RS configuration can support a preloaded DM-RS mode. Preloaded DM-RS can be mapped to one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). The base station can semi-statically configure a certain number / quantity (e.g., maximum number / quantity) of preloaded DM-RS symbols for the radio device to use for PDSCH. A DM-RS configuration can support one or more DM-RS ports. A DM-RS configuration can support up to eight orthogonal downlink DM-RS ports per radio device (e.g., for single-user MIMO). A DM-RS configuration can support up to four orthogonal downlink DM-RS ports per radio device (e.g., for multi-user MIMO). The radio network can support (e.g., at least for CP-OFDM) a common DM-RS structure for both downlink and uplink. The DM-RS location, DM-RS mode, and / or scrambling sequence can be the same or different. The base station can, for example, use the same precoding matrix to transmit / transmit the downlink DM-RS and the corresponding PDSCH. The radio device can use this one or more downlink DM-RS for coherent demodulation / channel estimation of the PDSCH.

[0134] A transmitter (e.g., a transmitter at a base station) may use a precoder matrix for a portion of the transmission bandwidth. The transmitter may use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and a second precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. For example, the first and second precoder matrices may differ based on the difference between the first and second bandwidths. Wireless devices may assume the same precoding matrix is ​​used across a set of PRBs. This set of PRBs can be identified / indicated / identified / represented as a Precoded Resource Block Group (PRG).

[0135] A PDSCH may include one or more layers. A wireless device may assume that at least one symbol with a DM-RS exists on one of these layers of the PDSCH. Higher layers may configure one or more DM-RS for the PDSCH (e.g., up to three DMRSs for the PDSCH). Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted / transmitted by the base station and used by the wireless device, for example, for phase noise compensation. The presence of downlink PT-RS may depend on the RRC configuration. The presence and / or mode of downlink PT-RS can be configured on a wireless device-specific basis, for example, using a combination of RRC signaling and / or associating it with one or more parameters for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by the DCI. If configured, the dynamic presence of downlink PT-RS can be associated with one or more DCI parameters including at least one MCS. The network (e.g., an NR network) may support multiple PT-RS densities defined in the time and / or frequency domains. Frequency domain density (if configured / existing) may be associated with at least one configuration of the scheduling bandwidth. The wireless device may assume the same precoding for both DM-RS and PT-RS ports. The number of PT-RS ports can be less than the number of DM-RS ports in the scheduling resources. Downlink PT-RS can be configured / assigned / limited within the scheduling time / frequency duration of the wireless device. Downlink PT-RS can be transmitted / transmitted via symbols, for example, to facilitate phase tracking at the receiver.

[0136] For example, a wireless device can transmit / transmit uplink DM-RS to a base station for channel estimation. The base station can use the uplink DM-RS for coherent demodulation of one or more uplink physical channels. The wireless device can utilize PUSCH and / or PUCCH to transmit / transmit uplink DM-RS. The uplink DM-RS can span a frequency range similar to the frequency range associated with the corresponding physical channel. The base station can configure one or more uplink DM-RS configurations for the wireless device. At least one DM-RS configuration can support preloaded DM-RS mode. Preloaded DM-RS can be mapped to one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more uplink DM-RS can be configured to transmit / transmit at one or more symbols of PUSCH and / or PUCCH. The base station can semi-statically configure a certain number / quantity (e.g., maximum number / quantity) of preloaded DM-RS symbols for PUSCH and / or PUCCH, which the wireless device can use to schedule single-symbol DM-RS and / or dual-symbol DM-RS. The network (e.g., an NR network) can support (e.g., for Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DM-RS structure for both downlink and uplink. The DM-RS location, DM-RS mode, and / or scrambling sequence of the DM-RS can be substantially the same or different.

[0137] A PUSCH may include one or more layers. A radio device may transmit / transmit at least one symbol, where a DM-RS exists on one or more of these layers of the PUSCH. Higher layers may configure one or more DM-RS (e.g., up to three DMRS) for the PUSCH. For example, depending on the radio device's RRC configuration, an uplink PT-RS (which may be used by the base station for phase tracking and / or phase noise compensation) may or may not exist. The presence and / or mode of the uplink PT-RS may be configured on a radio device-specific basis (e.g., a UE-specific basis), such as through RRC signaling and / or a combination of one or more parameters configured / used for other purposes (e.g., MCS), which may be indicated by a DCI. If configured, the dynamic presence of the uplink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters including at least an MCS. The radio network may support multiple uplink PT-RS densities defined in the time / frequency domain. Frequency domain density (if configured / existing) may be associated with at least one configuration of the scheduling bandwidth. The radio device may assume the same precoding for both DM-RS ports and PT-RS ports. The number of PT-RS ports can be less than the number of DM-RS ports in the scheduling resources. Uplink PT-RS can be configured / assigned / limited within the scheduling time / frequency duration of the wireless device.

[0138] One or more SRSs can be transmitted / transmitted by a wireless device to a base station, for example, for channel state estimation to support uplink channel-dependent scheduling and / or link adaptation. The SRS transmitted / transmitted by the wireless device enables / allows the base station to estimate uplink channel states at one or more frequencies. The scheduler at the base station can use / adopt the estimated uplink channel states to assign one or more resource blocks to the wireless device's uplink PUSCH transmissions. The base station can semi-statically configure one or more SRS resource sets for the wireless device. For each SRS resource set, the base station can configure one or more SRS resources for the wireless device. The suitability of the SRS resource set can be configured, for example, by higher-layer (e.g., RRC) parameters. SRS resources in the one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., having similar / similar time-domain behavior, periodic, aperiodic, etc.) can be transmitted / transmitted at some time (e.g., simultaneously), for example, if higher-layer parameters instruct beam management. The wireless device can transmit / transmit one or more SRS resources in the SRS resource set. The network (e.g., an NR network) can support aperiodic, periodic, and / or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. A wireless device may transmit / transmit SRS resources, for example, based on one or more trigger types. These one or more trigger types may include higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and / or one or more DCI formats. The wireless device may use / emulate at least one DCI format to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets. SRS trigger type 0 may refer to SRS triggered based on higher-layer signaling. SRS trigger type 1 may refer to SRS triggered based on one or more DCI formats. If PUSCH and SRS are transmitted / transmitted in the same time slot, the wireless device may be configured to transmit / transmit SRS, for example, after the transmission of PUSCH and the corresponding uplink DM-RS. The base station may semi-statically configure one or more SRS configuration parameters for the wireless device that indicate at least one of the following: SRS resource configuration identifier; number of SRS ports; temporal behavior of SRS resource configuration (e.g., indication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS); time slot, micro-time slot, and / or subframe-level periodicity; offset of periodic and / or aperiodic SRS resources; number of OFDM symbols in SRS resources; starting OFDM symbol of SRS resources; SRS bandwidth; frequency hopping bandwidth; cyclic shift; and / or SRS sequence ID.

[0139] Antenna ports can be determined / defined such that the channel transmitting another symbol on the same antenna port can be inferred from the channel transmitting a symbol on that antenna port. For example, if a first symbol and a second symbol are transmitted / transmitted on the same antenna port, the receiver can infer / determine the channel (e.g., attenuation gain, multipath delay, etc.) used to transmit the second symbol on the antenna interface from the channel used to transmit the first symbol on the antenna port. For example, if one or more large-scale properties can be inferred from the channel transmitting the second symbol on the second antenna port to the channel transmitting the first symbol on the first antenna port, then the first and second antenna ports can be referred to as quasi-co-located (QCLed). These one or more large-scale properties can include at least one of the following: delay spread; Doppler spread; Doppler shift; average gain; average delay; and / or spatial reception (Rx) parameters.

[0140] Channels using beamforming may require beam management. Beam management can include beam measurement, beam selection, and / or beam indication. A beam can be associated with one or more reference signals. A beam can be identified by one or more beamforming reference signals. A wireless device can perform downlink beam measurements, for example, based on one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS), and generate a beam measurement report. For example, after establishing an RRC connection with a base station, a wireless device can perform a downlink beam measurement procedure.

[0141] Figure 11B An exemplary mapping of one or more CSI-RSs is shown. CSI-RSs can be mapped in the time domain and frequency domain. Figure 11BEach rectangular block shown may correspond to a resource block (RB) within the cell's bandwidth. The base station may send / transmit one or more RRC messages including CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicating one or more CSI-RS. One or more parameters may be configured via higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC signaling) for CSI-RS resource configuration. These parameters may include at least one of the following: CSI-RS resource configuration identifier, number of CSI-RS ports, CSI-LS configuration (e.g., symbol and resource element (RE) positions in subframes), CSI-RS subframe configuration (e.g., subframe position, offset, and periodicity in radio frames), CSI-RS power parameters, CSI-SS sequence parameters, Code Division Multiple Access (CDM) type parameters, frequency density, transmit comb, Quasi-Co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g., QCL-scramblingidentity, crs-portscount, mbsfn-subframeconfiglist, csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and / or other radio resource parameters.

[0142] One or more beams can be configured for a wireless device in a device-specific configuration. Figure 11B Three beams (beam #1, beam #2, and beam #3) are shown, but more or fewer beams can be configured. CSI-RS 1101 can be assigned to beam #1, which can be transmitted / transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the RB of the first symbol. CSI-RS 1102 can be assigned to beam #2, which can be transmitted / transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the RB of the second symbol. CSI-RS 1103 can be assigned to beam #3, which can be transmitted / transmitted on one or more subcarriers in the RB of the third symbol. The base station can use other subcarriers in the same RB (e.g., those not used to transmit / transmit CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated with the beam used for another wireless device, for example, by using frequency division multiplexing (FDM). The beam used for the wireless device can be configured such that the beam used for the wireless device uses symbols different from those used by the beams of other wireless devices, for example, by using time domain multiplexing (TDM). For example, by using TDM, beams in orthogonal symbols (e.g., without overlapping symbols) can be used to serve wireless devices.

[0143] CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102, 1103) can be transmitted / transmitted by a base station and used by a wireless device for one or more measurements. The wireless device can measure the RSRP of the configured CSI-RS resources. The base station can configure a reporting configuration for the wireless device, and the wireless device can report the RSRP measurement results to the network (e.g., via one or more base stations) based on this reporting configuration. The base station can determine one or more Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states, including multiple reference signals, based on the reported measurement results. The base station can indicate one or more TCI states to the wireless device (e.g., via RRC signaling, MAC CE, and / or DCI). The wireless device can receive downlink transmissions using the Rx beam determined based on the one or more TCI states. The wireless device may or may not have beam-matching capability. If the wireless device has beam-matching capability, it can determine the spatial domain filter of the transmit (Tx) beam, for example, based on the spatial domain filter corresponding to the Rx beam. For example, if the wireless device lacks beamforming capability, it can perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine the spatial domain filter for the Tx beam. The wireless device can perform the uplink beam selection procedure, for example, based on one or more Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) resources configured for it by the base station. The base station can, for example, select and indicate the uplink beam for the wireless device based on measurements of these one or more SRS resources transmitted / transmitted by the wireless device.

[0144] Wireless devices can, for example, determine / evaluate (e.g., measure) the channel quality of one or more beampup links during beam management. A beampup link may include a base station's Tx beam and a wireless device's Rx beam. The base station's Tx beam can transmit / transmit downlink signals, and the wireless device's Rx beam can receive downlink signals. For example, the wireless device can transmit / transmit a beam measurement report based on this evaluation / determination. The beam measurement report may indicate one or more beampup quality parameters including at least one of the following: one or more beam identifiers (e.g., beam index, reference signal index, etc.), RSRP, precoding matrix indicator (PMI), channel quality indicator (CQI), and / or rank indicator (RI).

[0145] Figure 12AAn example of a downlink beam management procedure is illustrated. One or more downlink beam management procedures (e.g., downlink beam management procedures P1, P2, and P3) can be executed. Procedure P1 can enable the measurement of the Tx beam of a TRP (or multiple TRPs) (e.g., wireless device measurement) (e.g., to support the selection of one or more base station Tx beams and / or wireless device Rx beams). The base station Tx beam and the wireless device Rx beam are shown as ellipses in the top and bottom rows of P1, respectively. Beamforming (e.g., at the TRP) can include a Tx beam scan for a set of beams (e.g., an elliptical beam scan rotated counterclockwise as indicated by dashed arrows in the top rows of P1 and P2). Beamforming (e.g., at the wireless device) can include an Rx beam scan for a set of beams (e.g., an elliptical beam scan rotated clockwise as indicated by dashed arrows in the bottom rows of P1 and P3). Process P2 can be used to enable the measurement of the Tx beam of the TRP (e.g., wireless device measurement) (shown in the top row of P2 as an ellipse rotated counterclockwise as indicated by the dashed arrow). The wireless device and / or base station can perform process P2, for example, by using a smaller set of beams than that used in process P1, or by using a narrower set of beams than that used in process P1. Process P2 can be referred to as beam refinement. The wireless device can perform process P3 for Rx beam determination, for example, by using the same Tx beam of the base station and scanning the Rx beam of the wireless device.

[0146] Figure 12BAn example of an uplink beam management procedure is shown. One or more uplink beam management procedures (e.g., uplink beam management procedures U1, U2, and U3) can be executed. Procedure U1 can be used to enable a base station to perform measurements on the Tx beam of a wireless device (e.g., to support the selection of one or more Tx beams of the wireless device and / or the Rx beam of the base station). The Tx beam of the wireless device and the Rx beam of the base station are shown as ellipses in the top and bottom rows of U1, respectively. Beamforming (e.g., at the wireless device) can include one or more beam scans, such as a Tx beam scan from a set of beams (shown as ellipses rotating clockwise in the bottom rows of U1 and U3, indicated by dashed arrows). Beamforming (e.g., at the base station) can include one or more beam scans, such as an Rx beam scan from a set of beams (shown as ellipses rotating counterclockwise in the top rows of U1 and U2, indicated by dashed arrows). For example, if the UE uses a fixed Tx beam, process U2 can be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam. The radio device and / or base station can perform process U2, for example, by using a smaller set of beams than that used in process P1, or by using a narrower beam than that used in process P1. Process U2 can be referred to as beam refinement. For example, if the base station uses a fixed Rx beam, the radio device can perform process U3 to adjust its Tx beam.

[0147] Wireless devices can initiate / start / execute a beam fault recovery (BFR) procedure, for example, based on the detection of a beam fault. Wireless devices can send / transmit BFR requests (e.g., preambles, UCI, SR, MACCE, etc.) based on initiating a BFR procedure. Wireless devices can detect beam faults, for example, based on determining that the quality of the beam pair link associated with the control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., a bit error rate higher than a bit error rate threshold, received signal power lower than a received signal power threshold, timer expiration, etc.).

[0148] Wireless devices can, for example, use one or more reference signals (RS) comprising one or more SS / PBCH blocks, one or more CSI-RS resources, and / or one or more DM-RSs to measure the quality of the beamp-link. The quality of the beamp-link can be based on one or more of the following: block error rate (BLER), RSRP value, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, RSRQ value, and / or CSI value measured on the RS resources. The base station can indicate the QCL of the RS resources and one or more DM-RSs for a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared data channel, etc.). For example, if the channel characteristics (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rx parameter, fading, etc.) from transmissions to the wireless device via the RS resources are similar to or the same as the channel characteristics from transmissions to the wireless device via that channel, then the RS resources and one or more DM-RSs for that channel can be QCLs.

[0149] Networks (e.g., NR networks including gNBs and / or ng-eNBs) and / or radio devices can initiate / start / execute random access procedures. Radio devices in an RRC idle (e.g., RRC_IDLE) and / or RRC inactive (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE) state can initiate / execute random access procedures to request connection settings to the network. Radio devices can initiate / start / execute random access procedures from an RRC connected (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED) state. Radio devices can initiate / start / execute random access procedures to request uplink resources (e.g., for uplink transmission of the SR if no PUCCH resources exist) and / or acquire / obtain / determine uplink timing (e.g., if the uplink synchronization state is asynchronous). Radio devices can initiate / start / execute random access procedures to request one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs) (e.g., other System Information Blocks such as SIB2, SIB3, etc.). Radio devices can initiate / start / execute random access procedures in response to beam fault recovery requests. The network can initiate / start / execute random access procedures, for example, for handover and / or for adding setup time alignment for SCells.

[0150] Figure 13AAn exemplary four-step random access procedure is illustrated. The four-step random access procedure may include four contention-based random access procedures. The base station may, for example, send / transmit configuration message 1310 to the radio device before initiating the random access procedure. The four-step random access procedure may include the transmission of four messages, including: a first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311), a second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312), a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313), and a fourth message (e.g., Msg 4 1314). The first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) may include a preamble (or random access preamble). The first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) may be referred to as a preamble. The second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) may include a random access response (RAR). The second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) may be referred to as a RAR.

[0151] Configuration message 1310 may be sent / transmitted, for example, using one or more RRC messages. These one or more RRC messages may indicate one or more Random Access Channel (RACH) parameters to the radio device. The one or more RACH parameters may include at least one of the following: general parameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g., RACH-configGeneral); cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon); and / or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated). The base station may send / transmit (e.g., broadcast or multicast) these one or more RRC messages to one or more radio devices. These one or more RRC messages may be radio device-specific. The radio device-specific one or more RRC messages may be, for example, dedicated RRC messages sent / transmitted to radio devices in an RRC connected (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED) state and / or in an RRC inactive (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE) state. The wireless device can determine the time and frequency resources and / or the uplink transmit power for transmitting the first message (e.g., Msg 11311) and / or the third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313) based on one or more RACH parameters. The wireless device can, for example, determine the receive timing and downlink channel for receiving the second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) and the fourth message (e.g., Msg 4 1314) based on one or more RACH parameters.

[0152] The one or more RACH parameters provided / configured / included in configuration message 1310 may indicate one or more physical RACH (PRACH) timings available for transmitting the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311). These one or more PRACH timings may be predefined (e.g., via a network including one or more base stations). These one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more available sets of one or more PRACH timings (e.g., prach-ConfigIndex). These one or more RACH parameters may indicate the association between (a) one or more PRACH timings and (b) one or more reference signals. These one or more RACH parameters may indicate the association between (a) one or more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. These one or more reference signals may be SS / PBCH blocks and / or CSI-RS. These one or more RACH parameters may indicate the amount / number of SS / PBCH blocks mapped to PRACH timings and / or the amount / number of preambles mapped to SS / PBCH blocks.

[0153] The one or more RACH parameters provided / configured / included in configuration message 1310 can be used to determine the uplink transmit power of the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) and / or the third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313). The one or more RACH parameters can indicate a reference power (e.g., the receive target power and / or initial power for preamble transmission) for the preamble transmission. One or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACH parameters may exist. The one or more RACH parameters can indicate: a power ramp-up step; a power offset between the SSB and CSI-RS; a power offset between the transmissions of the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) and the third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313); and / or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds, for example, a wireless device may determine at least one reference signal (e.g. SSB and / or CSI-RS) and / or uplink carrier (e.g. normal uplink (NUL) carrier and / or supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier) based on the one or more thresholds.

[0154] The first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., preamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). RRC messages can be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and / or group B). A preamble group may include one or more preambles. The wireless device may determine the preamble group, for example, based on path loss measurements and / or the magnitude of a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313). The wireless device may measure the RSRP of one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) and determine at least one reference signal with an RSRP higher than an RSRP threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and / or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). For example, if the association between the one or more preambles and the at least one reference signal is configured by an RRC message, the wireless device can select at least one preamble associated with the one or more reference signals and / or the selected preamble group.

[0155] For example, a wireless device may determine a preamble based on one or more RACH parameters provided / configured / included in configuration message 1310. The wireless device may determine the preamble based, for example, path loss measurement results, RSRP measurement results, and / or the size of a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313). The one or more RACH parameters may indicate: the preamble format; the maximum amount / number of preamble transmissions; and / or one or more thresholds for determining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). A base station may use one or more RACH parameters to configure a wireless device with associations between one or more preambles and one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS). For example, if an association is configured, the wireless device may determine, based on the association, that the preamble should be included in a first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311). The first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) may be sent / transmitted to the base station via one or more PRACH timings. Wireless devices can use one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) to select the preamble and determine the PRACH timing. One or more RACH parameters (e.g., ra-ssb-OccasionMskIndex and / or ra-OccasionList) can indicate the association between the PRACH timing and the one or more reference signals.

[0156] For example, if no response is received after the preamble transmission (e.g., based on or in response to this) (e.g., within a monitoring window such as monitoring a RAR for a period of time), the wireless device can perform a preamble retransmission. The wireless device can increase the uplink transmit power for preamble retransmission. The wireless device can select the initial preamble transmit power, for example, based on path loss measurements and / or the target receive preamble power configured by the network. The wireless device can determine to retransmit / re-transmit the preamble and can ramp up the uplink transmit power. The wireless device can receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP) indicating the ramp step for preamble retransmission. This ramp step can be an incremental increase in the uplink transmit power for retransmission. For example, if the wireless device determines that the same reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) is used as in the previous preamble transmission, the wireless device can ramp up the uplink transmit power. The wireless device can, for example, use a counter parameter (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER) to count the amount / number of preamble transmissions and / or retransmissions. For example, if the amount / number of preamble transmissions exceeds a threshold configured by one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax) and no successful response (e.g., RAR) is received, the wireless device can determine that the random access procedure was unsuccessful.

[0157] The second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) (e.g., received by a wireless device) may include a RAR. The second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple wireless devices. The second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) may be received, for example, after (e.g., based on or in response to) the transmission / transmission of the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311). The second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) may be scheduled on the DL-SCH and may be indicated by the PDCCH, for example, using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA RNTI). The second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) may indicate that the base station has received the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311). The second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) may include a time alignment command (which may be used by the wireless device to adjust the wireless device's transmission timing), a scheduling authorization for transmitting the third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313), and / or a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI). For example, after transmitting / transmitting the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) (e.g., a preamble), the wireless device may determine / start a time window (e.g., a ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor the PDCCH for the second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312). The wireless device may determine the start time of the time window, for example, based on the PRACH timing used by the wireless device to transmit / transmit the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) (e.g., a preamble). The wireless device may start one or more symbol start time windows after the last symbol of the first message including the preamble (e.g., Msg 11311) (e.g., the symbol in which the first message including the preamble transmission (Msg 1 1311) is completed, or the first PDCCH timing after the preamble transmission ends). These one or more symbols may be determined based on a set of parameters. The PDCCH may be mapped into a common search space configured by RRC messages (e.g., a Type 1 PDCCH common search space). The wireless device may identify / determine the RAR, for example, based on the RNTI. The Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) may be used based on one or more events that initiate / start the random access procedure. The wireless device may use the RA-RNTI, for example, for one or more communications associated with random access or any other purpose. The RA-RNTI may be associated with the PRACH timing in which the wireless device transmits / transmits the preamble. The wireless device may determine the RA-RNTI, for example, based on at least one of the following: OFDM symbol index; time slot index; frequency domain index; and / or the UL carrier indicator of the PRACH timing. An exemplary RA-RNTI can be determined as follows:

[0158] RA-RNTI=1+s_id+14×t_id+14×80×f_id+14×80×8×ul_carrier_id

[0159] Where s_id can be the index of the first OFDM symbol of the PRACH timing (e.g., 0 ≤ s_id < 14), t_id can be the index of the first time slot of the PRACH timing in the system frame (e.g., 0 ≤ t_id < 80), f_id can be the index of the PRACH timing in the frequency domain (e.g., 0 ≤ f_id < 8), and ul_carrier_id can be the UL carrier used for preamble transmission (e.g., 0 for NUL carrier, 1 for SUL carrier).

[0160] A wireless device may, for example, send / transmit a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313) after the successful reception of a second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) (e.g., based on or in response to this) (using the resource identified in Msg 2 1312). The third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313) may be used, for example, for contention resolution in a contention-based random access procedure. Multiple wireless devices may send / transmit the same preamble to the base station, and the base station may send / transmit a RAR corresponding to a wireless device. For example, a conflict may occur if the multiple wireless devices interpret the RAR as corresponding to themselves. Contention resolution (e.g., using a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313) and a fourth message (e.g., Msg 4 1314)) may be used to increase the likelihood that a wireless device will not mistakenly use the identifier of another wireless device. For example, a wireless device may include a device identifier (e.g., a TC RNTI in a second message (e.g., Msg 21312) if a C-RNTI is assigned) in a third message (e.g., Msg 31313) to perform contention resolution.

[0161] A fourth message (e.g., Msg 4 1314) can be received, for example, after the transmission / transmission of a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313) (e.g., based on or in response to this). For example, if the C-RNTI is included in the third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313), the base station can use the C-RNTI to address the radio on the PDCCH (e.g., the base station can send the PDCCH to the radio device). For example, if a unique C RNTI of the radio device is detected on the PDCCH (e.g., the PDCCH is scrambled with the C-RNTI), it can be determined that the random access procedure was successfully completed. For example, if the TC RNTI is included in the third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313) (e.g., if the radio device is in an RRC idle (e.g., RRC_IDLE) state or otherwise not connected to the base station), the fourth message (e.g., Msg 4 1314) can be received using the DL-SCH associated with the TC RNTI. For example, if the MAC PDU is successfully decoded and the MAC PDU includes a radio device contention resolution identifier MAC CE that matches or otherwise corresponds to the CCCH SDU sent / transmitted in a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313), the radio device can determine that the contention resolution was successful and / or the radio device can determine that the random access procedure was successfully completed.

[0162] Radio devices can be configured with SUL carriers and / or NUL carriers. Initial access (e.g., random access) can be supported via an uplink carrier. A base station can configure multiple RACH configurations for the radio device (e.g., two separate RACH configurations, including one for the SUL carrier and another for the NUL carrier). For random access in a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network can indicate which carrier (NUL or SUL) to use. For example, if the measured quality of one or more reference signals (e.g., one or more reference signals associated with an NUL carrier) is below a broadcast threshold, the radio device can determine to use the SUL carrier. Uplink transmissions for random access procedures (e.g., the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) and / or the third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313)) can be maintained on or performed via the selected carrier. The radio device can switch the uplink carrier during the random access procedure (e.g., between Msg 1 1311 and Msg 3 1313). Wireless devices can determine and / or switch uplink carriers for the first message (e.g., Msg1 1311) and / or the third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313) based, for example, on channel idle assessment (e.g., listen-before-speak).

[0163] Figure 13BA two-step random access procedure is illustrated. This two-step random access procedure may include two contention-free random access procedures. Similar to a four-step contention-based random access procedure, the base station may send / transmit configuration message 1320 to the radio device before initiating the procedure. Configuration message 1320 may be similar to configuration message 1310 in some respects. Figure 13B The process illustrated may include the transmission of two messages: a first message (e.g., Msg 1 1321) and a second message (e.g., Msg 2 1322). The first message (e.g., Msg 1 1321) and the second message (e.g., Msg 2 1322) may be similar to the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1311) and the second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312), respectively. The two-step contention-free random access procedure may not include messages similar to a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313) and / or a fourth message (e.g., Msg 4 1314).

[0164] A two-step (e.g., contention-free) random access procedure can be configured / initiated for beam failure recovery, other SI requests, SCell addition, and / or handover. The base station can indicate or assign a preamble to the radio device for the first message (e.g., Msg 1 1321). The radio device can receive the preamble indication (e.g., ra-PreambleIndex) from the base station via PDCCH and / or RRC.

[0165] A wireless device may, for example, begin a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor the PDCCH for RAR after transmitting / transmitting a preamble (e.g., based on or in response to this). A base station may configure one or more beam fault recovery parameters for the wireless device, such as a separate time window and / or a separate PDCCH in the search space indicated by an RRC message (e.g., recoverySearchSpaceId). The base station may configure these one or more beam fault recovery parameters, for example, in association with a beam fault recovery request. The separate time window for monitoring the PDCCH and / or RAR may be configured to begin after transmitting / transmitting a beam fault recovery request (e.g., the window may begin with any number of symbols and / or time slots after transmitting the beam fault recovery request). The wireless device may monitor PDCCH transmissions addressed to the cell RNTI (C-RNTI) in the search space. During a two-step (e.g., contention-free) random access procedure, the wireless device can determine that the random access procedure was successful, for example, after transmitting a first message (e.g., Msg 1 1321) and receiving a corresponding second message (e.g., Msg 2 1322) (e.g., based on or in response to this). For example, if the PDCCH transmission is addressed to the corresponding C-RNTI, the wireless device can determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed. For example, if the wireless device receives a RAR including a preamble identifier corresponding to a preamble subtransmitted / transmitted by the wireless device and / or the RAR includes a MAC sub-PDU with the preamble identifier, the wireless device can determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed. The wireless device can determine the response as an indication of acknowledgment of the SI request.

[0166] Figure 13C An exemplary two-step random access procedure is illustrated. Similar to... Figure 13A and 13B In the random access procedure shown, the base station may send / transmit configuration message 1330 to the wireless device before initiating the procedure. Configuration message 1330 may be similar in some respects to configuration message 1310 and / or configuration message 1320. Figure 13C The process shown may include the transmission of multiple messages (e.g., two messages, including: a first message (e.g., Msg A 1331) and a second message (e.g., Msg B 1332)).

[0167] Msg A 1320 can be sent / transmitted by a wireless device in an uplink transmission. Msg A 1320 may include one or more transmissions of preamble 1341 and / or one or more transmissions of transport block 1342. Transport block 1342 may include content similar to and / or equivalent to the content of a third message (e.g., Msg 3 1313). Figure 13A(As shown in the diagram). Transport block 1342 may include UCIs (e.g., SR, HARQ ACK / NACK, etc.). The wireless device may receive a second message (e.g., Msg B 1332) for example after sending / transmitting the first message (e.g., Msg A 1331) (e.g., based on or in response to this). The second message (e.g., Msg B 1332) may include the content of the second message (e.g., Msg 2 1312) (e.g., ...). Figure 13A The RAR shown), the second message (e.g., Msg 2 1322) (e.g., Figure 13B The contents of the RAR (as shown) and / or the fourth message (e.g., Msg 4 1314) (e.g., Figure 13A Similar and / or equivalent content (as shown).

[0168] Wireless devices can initiate / propose a two-step random access procedure for licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum (e.g., Figure 13C (The two-step random access procedure is illustrated in the diagram). A wireless device may determine whether to initiate / initiate a two-step random access procedure based on one or more factors. These one or more factors may include at least one of the following: the radio access technology being used (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.); whether the wireless device has a valid TA; cell size; the RRC status of the wireless device; spectrum type (e.g., licensed vs. unlicensed); and / or any other suitable factors.

[0169] The wireless device can determine the radio resources and / or uplink transmit power for preamble 1341 and / or transport block 1342 (e.g., included in the first message (e.g., Msg A 1331)) based on two-step RACH parameters included in configuration message 1330. The RACH parameters can indicate the MCS, time-frequency resources, and / or power control for preamble 1341 and / or transport block 1342. The time-frequency resources for transmitting preamble 1341 (e.g., PRACH) and for transmitting transport block 1342 (e.g., PUSCH) can be multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and / or CDM. The RACH parameters enable the wireless device to determine the receive timing and downlink channel for monitoring and / or receiving the second message (e.g., Msg B 1332).

[0170] Transport block 1342 may include data (e.g., delay-sensitive data), a radio device identifier, security information, and / or device information (e.g., International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The base station may send / transmit a second message (e.g., Msg B 1332) as a response to the first message (e.g., Msg A 1331). The second message (e.g., Msg B 1332) may include at least one of the following: a preamble identifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; an uplink grant (e.g., radio resource allocation and / or MCS); a radio device identifier (e.g., a UE identifier for contention resolution); and / or an RNTI (e.g., a C-RNTI or TC-RNTI). For example, if the preamble identifier in the second message (e.g., Msg B 1332) corresponds to or matches the preamble sent / transmitted by the wireless device, and / or the identifier of the wireless device in the second message (e.g., Msg B 1332) corresponds to or matches the identifier of the wireless device in the first message (e.g., Msg A 1331) (e.g., transport block 1342), then the wireless device can determine that the two-step random access procedure has been successfully completed.

[0171] Wireless devices and base stations can exchange control signaling (e.g., control information). This control signaling may be referred to as L1 / L2 control signaling and may originate from the PHY layer (e.g., Layer 1) and / or MAC layer (e.g., Layer 2) of the wireless device or base station. Control signaling may include downlink control signaling transmitted / transmitted from the base station to the wireless device and / or uplink control signals transmitted / transmitted from the wireless device to the base station.

[0172] Downlink control signaling may include at least one of the following: downlink scheduling assignment; uplink scheduling authorization for uplink radio resources and / or transmission formats; time slot format information; preemption indication; power control commands; and / or any other suitable signaling. Radio devices may receive downlink control signaling in the payload transmitted / transmitted by the base station via the PDCCH. The payload transmitted / transmitted via the PDCCH may be called downlink control information (DCI). The PDCCH may be a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) shared by a group of radio devices. The GC-PDCCH may be scrambled by a group common RNTI.

[0173] For example, a base station can attach one or more Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) parity bits to a DCI to facilitate the detection of transmission errors. For instance, if the DCI is intended for use with a wireless device (or a group of wireless devices), the base station can scramble the CRC parity bits using the identifier of the wireless device (or a group of wireless device identifiers). Scrambling the CRC parity bits using the identifier can include a modulo-2 addition (or XOR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. The identifier can include a 16-bit value of the RNTI.

[0174] DCIs can be used for various purposes. The purpose can be indicated by the type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) can indicate paging information and / or system information change notifications. A P-RNTI can be predefined as hexadecimal "FFFE". A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) can indicate the broadcast transmission of system information. A SI-RNTI can be predefined as hexadecimal "FFFF". A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) can indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) can indicate dynamically scheduled unicast transmissions and / or the triggering of PDCCH ordered random access. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI) can indicate contention resolution (e.g., similar to...). Figure 13A The Msg3 in Msg3 1313 shown is an example. Other RNTIs configured by the base station for the radio equipment may include the Configurable Scheduling RNTI (CS RNTI), Transmit Power Control PUCCH RNTI (TPC PUCCH-RNTI), Transmit Power Control PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI), Transmit Power Control SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), Interrupt RNTI (INT-RNTI), Slot Format Indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell RNTI (MCS-C RNTI), etc.

[0175] A base station can transmit / transmit DCI using one or more DCI formats, for example, depending on the purpose and / or content of the DCI. DCI format 0_0 can be used to schedule PUSCH within a cell. DCI format 0_0 can be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with a compact DCI payload). DCI format 0_1 ​​can be used to schedule PUSCH within a cell (e.g., with a larger DCI payload than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 can be used to schedule PDSCH within a cell. DCI format 1_0 can be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with a compact DCI payload). DCI format 1_1 can be used to schedule PDSCH within a cell (e.g., with a larger DCI payload than DCI format 1_0). DCI format 2_0 can be used to provide a slot format indication to a group of radio devices. DCI format 2_1 can be used to notify / inform a group of radio devices of physical resource blocks and / or OFDM symbols, where the group of radio devices can assume that no transmission is directed to them. DCI format 2_2 can be used to transmit transmit power control (TPC) commands for PUCCH or PUSCH. DCI format 2_3 can be used to transmit a set of TPC commands for SRS transmission of one or more wireless devices. New DCI formats with new features may be defined in future versions. DCI formats can have different DCI sizes, or they can share the same DCI size.

[0176] For example, after scrambling the DCI with RNTI, the base station can process the DCI using channel coding (e.g., polarity coding), rate matching, scrambling, and / or QPSK modulation. The base station can map the encoded and modulated DCI onto resource elements used and / or configured for use with the PDCCH. The base station can transmit / transmit the DCI via a PDCCH occupying multiple consecutive control channel elements (CCEs), for example, based on the payload size of the DCI and / or the coverage area of ​​the base station. The number of consecutive CCEs (referred to as the aggregation level) can be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and / or any other suitable number. CCEs can include a number (e.g., 6) resource element groups (REGs). REGs can include resource blocks in OFDM symbols. The mapping of the encoded and modulated DCI onto resource elements can be based on the mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g., CCE-to-REG mapping).

[0177] Figure 14AAn example of a CORESET configuration is shown. A CORESET configuration can be used for a bandwidth portion or any other frequency band. A base station can transmit / transmit DCI via PDCCH on one or more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET can include time-frequency resources that a radio device attempts to decode the DCI using one or more search spaces. The base station can configure the size and location of the CORESET in the time-frequency domain. A first CORESET 1401 and a second CORESET 1402 can appear at the first symbol of a time slot, or can be set / configured at the first symbol of a time slot. A first CORESET 1401 can overlap with a second CORESET 1402 in the frequency domain. A third CORESET 1403 can appear at the third symbol of a time slot, or can be set / configured at the third symbol of a time slot. A fourth CORESET 1404 can appear at the seventh symbol of a time slot, or can be set / configured at the seventh symbol of a time slot. A CORESET can have a different number of resource blocks in the frequency domain.

[0178] Figure 14B An example of CCE-to-REG mapping is shown. CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission can be performed via CORESET and PDCCH processing. CCE-to-REG mapping can be interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of providing frequency diversity) or non-interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of facilitating interference coordination and / or frequency-selective transmission of control channels). Base stations can perform different or the same CCE-to-REG mapping on different CORESETs. CORESETs can be associated with CCE-to-REG mapping (e.g., via RRC configuration). CORESETs can be configured with antenna port QCL parameters. Antenna port QCL parameters can indicate the QCL information for DM-RS received via the PDCCH of the CORESET.

[0179] A base station can send / transmit one or more RRC messages to a radio device, including configuration parameters for one or more CORESETs and one or more search space sets. These configuration parameters can indicate the association between the search space set and the CORESET. A search space set can include a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs (e.g., at a given aggregation level). These configuration parameters can indicate at least one of the following: the number of PDCCH candidates to be monitored at each aggregation level; the PDCCH monitoring periodicity and PDCCH monitoring mode; one or more DCI formats to be monitored by the radio device; and / or whether the search space set is a common search space set or a radio device-specific search space set (e.g., a UE-specific search space set). A set of CCEs in a common search space set can be predefined and known to the radio device. A set of CCEs in a radio device-specific search space set (e.g., a UE-specific search space set) can be configured, for example, based on the radio device's identifier (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0180] like Figure 14B As shown, a wireless device can determine the time and frequency resources for a CORESET based on one or more RRC messages. For example, the wireless device can determine the CCE-to-REG mapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved and / or mapping parameters) for the CORESET based on the CORESET's configuration parameters. For example, the wireless device can determine the number of search space sets configured on / for the CORESET (e.g., up to 10) based on the one or more RRC messages. The wireless device can monitor a set of PDCCH candidates based on the configuration parameters of the search space sets. The wireless device can monitor a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs to detect one or more DCI messages. Monitoring can include decoding one or more PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI format. Monitoring can include decoding the DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates using possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., the number of CCEs, the number of PDCCH candidates in the common search space, and / or the number of PDCCH candidates in the wireless device-specific search space), and possible (or configured) DCI formats. Decoding can be called blind decoding. A wireless device can determine that a DCI is valid for it, for example, after a CRC check (e.g., the scrambled bits of the CRC parity check bit of the DCI match the RNTI value) (e.g., based on or in response to this). The wireless device can process information included in the DCI (e.g., scheduling assignment, uplink grant, power control, timeslot format indication, downlink preemption, etc.).

[0181] A wireless device can send / transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., UCI) to a base station. This uplink control signaling may include a HARQ acknowledgment for a received DL-SCH transport block. The wireless device may send / transmit the HARQ acknowledgment, for example, after receiving the DL-SCH transport block (e.g., based on or in response to this). Uplink control signaling may include a Channel Quality Indicator (CSI) indicating the channel quality of the physical downlink channel. The wireless device may send / transmit the CSI to the base station. Based on the received CSI, the base station may determine transmission format parameters (e.g., including multiple antennas and beamforming schemes) for downlink transmission. Uplink control signaling may include a Schedule Request (SR). The wireless device may send / transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is available for transmission to the base station. The wireless device may send / transmit UCI (e.g., HARQ acknowledgment, CSI report, SR, etc.) via PUCCH or PUSCH. The wireless device may use one of several PUCCH formats to send / transmit uplink control signaling via PUCCH.

[0182] Multiple PUCCH formats can exist (e.g., five PUCCH formats). A wireless device can determine the PUCCH format, for example, based on the size of the UCI (e.g., the number / quantity of uplink symbols transmitted for the UCI and the number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 can have a length of one or two OFDM symbols and can include two or fewer bits. If transmission is made via one or two symbols and the number / quantity of HARQ-ACK information bits (HARQ-ACK / SR bits) with positive or negative SR is one or two, the wireless device can transmit / transmit the UCI via PUCCH resources, for example, using PUCCH format 0. PUCCH format 1 can occupy multiple OFDM symbols (e.g., between four and fourteen OFDM symbols) and can include two or fewer bits. For example, if transmission is made via four or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK / SR bits is one or two, the wireless device can use PUCCH format 1. PUCCH format 2 can occupy one or two OFDM symbols and can include more than two bits. For example, if the transmission is over / via one or two symbols, and the amount / number of UCI bits is two or more bits, the wireless device can use PUCCH format 2. PUCCH format 3 can occupy multiple OFDM symbols (e.g., between four and fourteen OFDM symbols) and can include more than two bits. For example, if the transmission is four or more symbols, the amount / number of UCI bits is two or more bits, and the PUCCH resource does not include an orthogonal coverage code (OCC), the wireless device can use PUCCH format 3. PUCCH format 4 can occupy multiple OFDM symbols (e.g., between four and fourteen OFDM symbols) and can include more than two bits. For example, if the transmission is four or more symbols, the amount / number of UCI bits is two or more bits, and the PUCCH resource includes an OCC, the wireless device can use PUCCH format 4.

[0183] The base station can, for example, use RRC messages to send / transmit configuration parameters for multiple PUCCH resource sets to the radio device. Multiple PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets in the NR, or up to any other quantity of sets in other systems) can be configured on the cell's uplink BWP. A PUCCH resource set can be configured with a PUCCH resource set index, multiple PUCCH resources, and / or the number of UCI information bits (e.g., a maximum number), where PUCCH resources are identified by PUCCH resource identifiers (e.g., PUCCH resource identifiers). The radio device can use one of the multiple PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set to send / transmit the UCI information bits. If multiple PUCCH resource sets are configured, the radio device can, for example, select one of the multiple PUCCH resource sets based on the total bit length of the UCI information bits (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and / or CSI). For example, if the total bit length of the UCI information bits is two bits or less, the radio device can select the first PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "0". For example, if the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than two bits and less than or equal to the first configuration value, the wireless device can select a second PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "1". For example, if the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than the first configuration value and less than or equal to the second configuration value, the wireless device can select a third PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "2". For example, if the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than the second configuration value and less than or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406, 1706, or any other quantity of bits), the wireless device can select a fourth PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "3".

[0184] For example, after determining a PUCCH resource set from multiple PUCCH resource sets, the wireless device can determine the PUCCH resources from the PUCCH resource set used for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) transmission. The wireless device can determine the PUCCH resources, for example, based on the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI (e.g., a DCI with DCI format 1_0 or for 1_1) received on / via the PDCCH. The n-bit (e.g., three-bit) PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI can indicate one of multiple (e.g., eight) PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. The wireless device can, for example, use the PUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI to transmit / transmit UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) based on the PUCCH resource indicator.

[0185] Figure 15AAn exemplary communication between a wireless device and a base station is illustrated. Wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 can be part of a communication network, such as... Figure 1A The communication network 100 shown Figure 1B The communication network 150 shown may be any other communication network. The communication network may include more than one wireless device and / or more than one base station, having [equipment / features / connectivity]... Figure 15A The base stations shown are basically the same or similar in configuration.

[0186] Base station 1504 can connect wireless device 1502 to the core network (not shown) via radio communication through air interface (or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from base station 1504 to wireless device 1502 via air interface 1506 can be referred to as the downlink. The communication direction from wireless device 1502 to base station 1504 via air interface 1506 can be referred to as the uplink. For example, various duplex schemes (e.g., a combination of FDD, TDD, and / or duplex technologies) can be used to separate downlink transmissions from uplink transmissions.

[0187] For the downlink, data to be sent from base station 1504 to wireless device 1502 can be provided / transmitted / sent to processing system 1508 of base station 1504. Data can be provided / transmitted / sent to processing system 1508 via, for example, a core network. For the uplink, data to be sent from wireless device 1502 to base station 1504 can be provided / transmitted / sent to processing system 1518 of wireless device 1502. Processing systems 1508 and 1518 can implement Layer 3 and Layer 2 OSI functions to process data for transmission. Layer 2 may include, for example, relative to… Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3 and Figure 4A The SDAP layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, and MAC layer are described. Layer 3 may include, for example, layers relative to... Figure 2B The RRC layer is described.

[0188] Data to be sent to wireless device 1502 may be provided / transmitted / sent to transmission processing system 1510 of base station 1504, for example, after being processed by processing system 1508. Data to be sent to base station 1504 may be provided / transmitted / sent to transmission processing system 1520 of wireless device 1502, for example, after being processed by processing system 1518. Transmission processing system 1510 and transmission processing system 1520 may implement Layer 1 OSI functions. Layer 1 may include, for example, relative to... Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3 and Figure 4AThe PHY layer, as described above, can perform operations such as forward error correction coding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of the transport channel to the physical channel, modulation of the physical channel, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or multiple-antenna processing for transmit / transmit processing.

[0189] The receiving and processing system 1512 of base station 1504 can receive uplink transmissions from wireless device 1502. The receiving and processing system 1512 of base station 1504 may include one or more TRPs. The receiving and processing system 1522 of wireless device 1502 can receive downlink transmissions from base station 1504. The receiving and processing system 1522 of wireless device 1502 may include one or more antenna panels. Receiving and processing systems 1512 and 1522 may implement Layer 1 OSI functions. Layer 1 may include, for example, relative to... Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3 and Figure 4A The PHY layer, as described above, can perform tasks such as error detection, forward error correction decoding, deinterleaving, demapping from the transport channel to the physical channel, demodulation of the physical channel, MIMO, or multi-antenna processing for receiving data.

[0190] Base station 1504 may include multiple antennas (e.g., multiple antenna panels, multiple TRPs, etc.). Wireless device 1502 may include multiple antennas (e.g., multiple antenna panels, etc.). These multiple antennas can be used to perform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatial multiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO), transmit / receive diversity, and / or beamforming. Wireless device 1502 and / or base station 1504 may have a single antenna.

[0191] Processing systems 1508 and 1518 may be associated with memories 1514 and 1524, respectively. Memories 1514 and 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) may store computer program instructions or code executable by processing systems 1508 and / or 1518 to perform one or more functions (e.g., one or more functions described herein and other functions of a general-purpose computer, processor, memory, and / or other peripheral devices). Transmit processing system 1510 and / or receive processing system 1512 may be coupled to memory 1514 and / or another memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) storing computer program instructions or code executable to perform one or more of their respective functions. Transmit processing system 1520 and / or receive processing system 1522 may be coupled to memory 1524 and / or another memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) storing computer program instructions or code executable to perform one or more of their respective functions.

[0192] Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may include one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. The one or more controllers and / or one or more processors may include, for example, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate and / or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, onboard units, or any combination thereof. Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may perform at least one of signal encoding / processing, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other function that enables wireless device 1502 and / or base station 1504 to operate in a wireless environment.

[0193] Processing system 1508 can be connected to one or more peripheral devices 1516. Processing system 1518 can be connected to one or more peripheral devices 1526. One or more peripheral devices 1516 and one or more peripheral devices 1526 may include software and / or hardware providing features and / or functions, such as speakers, microphones, keypads, displays, touchpads, power sources, satellite transceivers, universal serial bus (USB) ports, hands-free headsets, FM radio units, media players, internet browsers, electronic control units (e.g., for motor vehicles), and / or one or more sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, temperature sensors, radar sensors, laser sensors, ultrasonic sensors, light sensors, cameras, etc.). Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 can receive input data (e.g., user output data) and / or provide output data (e.g., user output data) to one or more peripheral devices 1516 and / or one or more peripheral devices 1526. The processing system 1518 in wireless device 1502 can receive power from a power source and / or can be configured to distribute power to other components in wireless device 1502. The power source may include one or more power sources, such as a battery, solar cell, fuel cell, or any combination thereof. Processing system 1508 may be connected to a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 1517. Processing system 1518 may be connected to a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 1527. GPS chipset 1517 and GPS chipset 1527 may be configured, respectively, to determine and provide geographic location information for wireless device 1502 and base station 1504.

[0194] Figure 15BExemplary elements of a computing device are shown that can be used to implement any of the various devices described herein, including, for example, base stations 160A, 160B, 162A, 162B, 220 and / or 1504, wireless devices 106, 156A, 156B, 210 and / or 1502, or any other base station, wireless device, AMF, UPF, network device, or computing device described herein. The computing device 1530 may include one or more processors 1531 that can execute instructions stored in random access memory (RAM) 1533, removable media 1534 (such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive, compact disk (CD) or digital versatile optical disc (DVD), or floppy disk drive), or any other desired storage medium. Instructions may also be stored in an attached (or internal) hard disk drive 1535. The computing device 1530 may also include a security processor (not shown) that can execute instructions of one or more computer programs to monitor processes executing on the processor 1531, and any processes requesting access to any hardware and / or software components of the computing device 1530 (e.g., ROM 1532, RAM 1533, removable media 1534, hard disk drive 1535, device controller 1537, network interface 1539, GPS 1541, Bluetooth interface 1542, WiFi interface 1543, etc.). The computing device 1530 may include one or more output devices, such as a display 1536 (e.g., screen, display device, monitor, television, etc.), and may include one or more output device controllers 1537, such as a video processor. One or more user input devices 1538 may also be present, such as a remote control, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, microphone, etc. The computing device 1530 may also include one or more network interfaces (such as network interface 1539), which may be wired, wireless, or a combination of both. Network interface 1539 can provide computing device 1530 with an interface to communicate with network 1540 (e.g., RAN or any other network). Network interface 1539 may include a modem (e.g., a cable modem), and external network 1540 may include a communication link, external network, home network, provider wireless, coaxial cable, fiber optic, or hybrid fiber / coaxial cable distribution system (e.g., DOCSIS network), or any other desired network. Additionally, computing device 1530 may include a location detection device, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) microprocessor 1541, which can be configured to receive and process GPS signals and determine the geographic location of computing device 1530 with possible assistance from external servers and antennas.

[0195] Figure 15BThe examples shown can be hardware configurations, but the components illustrated can also be implemented as software. Modifications can be made to add, remove, combine, divide, etc., components of computing device 1530 as needed. Furthermore, components can be implemented using basic computing devices and components, and any other computing devices and components described herein can be implemented using the same components (e.g., processor 1531, ROM storage device 1532, display 1536, etc.). For example, the various components described herein can be implemented using a computing device having components (such as a processor) that execute computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium, such as... Figure 15B As shown. Some or all of the entities described herein may be software-based and may coexist on a common physical platform (e.g., the requesting entity may be a separate software process and program from the relevant entity, both of which may be executed as software on a common computing device).

[0196] Figure 16A An exemplary structure for uplink transmission is shown. Processing of the baseband signal representing the physical uplink shared channel may include / perform one or more functions. These one or more functions may include at least one of the following: scrambling; modulating scrambling bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping complex-valued modulated symbols onto one or more transmit layers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols; precoding the complex-valued symbols; mapping the precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generating complex-valued time-domain single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), CP-OFDM signals for antenna ports, or any other signals; and so on. For example, if transform precoding is enabled, an SC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission can be generated. For example, if transform precoding is not enabled (e.g., as...), Figure 16A (As shown), this allows the generation of CP-OFDM signals for uplink transmission. These functions are examples, and other mechanisms for uplink transmission can be implemented.

[0197] Figure 16B An exemplary structure for modulating and up-converting a baseband signal to a carrier frequency is shown. The baseband signal can be a complex-valued SC-FDMA, CP-OFDM baseband signal (or any other baseband signal) and / or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal for the antenna port. For example, filtering can be performed / embedded before transmission.

[0198] Figure 16CAn exemplary structure for downlink transmission is shown. Processing of the baseband signal representing the physical downlink channel may include / perform one or more functions. These functions may include: scrambling coded bits in the codeword to be transmitted / transmitted on / via the physical channel; modulating the scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulation symbols; mapping the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or more transmission layers; precoding the complex-valued modulation symbols on the layers for transmission at the antenna port; mapping the complex-valued modulation symbols at the antenna port to resource elements; generating a complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for the antenna port; and so on. These functions are examples, and other mechanisms for downlink transmission can be implemented.

[0199] Figure 16D An exemplary structure for modulating and up-converting a baseband signal to a carrier frequency is shown. The baseband signal can be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for the antenna port or any other signal. For example, filtering can be performed / applied before transmission.

[0200] A wireless device can receive one or more messages (e.g., RRC messages) from a base station, including configuration parameters for multiple cells (e.g., a primary cell, one or more secondary cells). The wireless device can communicate with at least one base station (e.g., two or more base stations in dual connectivity) via these cells. These messages (e.g., as part of the configuration parameters) may include parameters for configuring the PHY, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, and RRC layers of the wireless device. The configuration parameters may include parameters for configuring PHY and MAC layer channels, bearers, etc. The configuration parameters may include parameters indicating timer values ​​for the PHY, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers, and / or communication channels.

[0201] A timer can, for example, start running if started and continue running until it stops or until it expires. For example, a timer can be started if it is not running, or restarted if it is running. A timer can be associated with a value (e.g., a timer can be started or restarted from a certain value, or it can be started from zero and expire if that value is reached). For example, the duration of a timer can not be updated until it stops or expires (e.g., due to BWP switching). A timer can be used to measure time periods / windows used for a process. Regarding the specific implementation and / or process associated with one or more timers or other parameters, it should be understood that there can be multiple ways to implement the one or more timers or other parameters. One or more of these multiple ways of implementing a timer can be used to measure time periods / windows used for a process. A random access response window timer can be used to measure the time window used to receive a random access response. For example, instead of starting the random access response window timer and determining its expiration, the time difference between two timestamps can be used. For example, restarting the timer can restart the process used to measure the time window. Other exemplary implementations can be configured / provided to restart the measurement of the time window.

[0202] Wireless devices can communicate via multiple Transmission Points (TRPs). Wireless devices can use transmission repeats to communicate via multiple TRPs. For example, a wireless device can use PUSCH repeats to transmit repeats of a transport block via the PUSCH. A wireless device can use multiple different spatial transmission filters / beams for spatial diversity in transmission repeats. A wireless device can use a first spatial transmission filter / beam to transmit a transport block and / or one or more first repeats of a transport block to a first TRP, and use a second spatial transmission filter / beam to transmit one or more second repeats of a transport block to a second TRP. Using multiple different spatial transmission filters can increase the reliability and robustness of uplink transmissions.

[0203] Wireless devices can determine spatial transmission filters based on base station configuration. The base station can configure (e.g., for configured uplink grants) a single SRI field. The SRI field can indicate SRS resources within an SRS resource set. Wireless devices can determine a single spatial transmission filter / beam based on spatial relationships activated for SRS resources. Wireless devices can use a single spatial transmission filter / beam to transmit transport blocks (e.g., transport block repetition). If the base station can only configure a single spatial transmission filter, transmit repetition for communication via multiple TRPs (e.g., utilizing spatial diversity) cannot be supported.

[0204] The various examples in this document facilitate the configuration and use of multiple beams for communication via multiple TRPs. A wireless device can transmit transport blocks (e.g., transport block repetition) via multiple different beams (e.g., spatial transmit filters). A base station can indicate multiple SRS resources for the wireless device. The wireless device can determine multiple spatial transmit filters based on these multiple SRS resources.

[0205] A base station can send (e.g., in a message or DCI associated with a configured uplink grant) a message including multiple SRI fields (e.g., a first SRI field and a second SRI field). The multiple SRI fields can indicate multiple SRS resources. Each of the multiple SRI fields can indicate a corresponding SRS resource. For example, the first SRI field can indicate a first SRS resource, and the second SRI field can indicate a second SRS resource. The first SRS resource and the second SRS resource can be in different SRS resource sets or in the same resource set. A base station can send (e.g., in a message or DCI associated with a configured uplink grant) a message including multiple SRI fields. A single SRI field can indicate multiple SRS resources. For example, the SRI field can indicate a first SRS resource and a second SRS resource. A radio device can determine multiple spatial transmission filters / beams based on the multiple SRS resources. The radio device can transmit transport blocks (e.g., transport block repetition) via multiple spatial transmission filters.

[0206] Using multiple SRI fields provides flexibility in controlling transmit power for repeated transmissions. For example, each SRI field can indicate a corresponding SRS resource in a corresponding SRS resource set. Each of the SRS resource sets can be associated with a corresponding power control parameter set. The wireless device can determine the transmit power for transmission repetition based on the power control parameter set. Using multiple power control parameter sets (e.g., facilitated by providing multiple SRI fields) allows the base station to more flexibly control the transmit power for uplink transmissions. For example, different repetitions can be configured with different transmit powers.

[0207] A wireless device may (e.g., from a base station) receive one or more messages that include one or more configuration parameters. These configuration parameters may indicate multiple uplink resources (e.g., SRS resources) for the cell's active uplink BWP.

[0208] A wireless device can receive a DCI. A DCI can schedule messages (e.g., transport blocks). A DCI can indicate an uplink resource among multiple uplink resources. One or more configuration parameters may or may not indicate the spatial relationships (e.g., transmit beams) used for uplink resources. A wireless device may, for example, determine the default TCI state for transmitting transport blocks based on one or more configuration parameters not indicating the spatial relationships used for uplink resources.

[0209] The wireless device can determine the spatial transmission filter (e.g., transmission beam) based on the default TCI state. The wireless device can utilize / use the spatial transmission filter to transmit (e.g., transmit) transport blocks. The wireless device can repeat the transmission of transport blocks. The wireless device can use the (same) spatial transmission filter to repeat the transmission of transport blocks via (e.g., across or through) multiple transmission opportunities. The wireless device can repeat the transmission of transport blocks if indicated in the DCI and / or one or more configuration parameters.

[0210] The wireless device can determine the transmit power (or the downlink path loss estimate of that transmit power) based on the default TCI state. The wireless device can utilize / use the transmit power to transmit transport blocks. The wireless device can utilize / use the transmit power to repeatedly transmit transport blocks via multiple transmission times (e.g., time slots, symbols) (e.g., if indicated by DCI or one or more configuration parameters).

[0211] A wireless device may be served by multiple Transport Points (TRPs) (e.g., transmitting to and / or receiving from multiple TRPs). The multiple TRPs may include a first TRP and a second TRP. The wireless device may receive a Distributed Control Instruction (DCI) for scheduling transport blocks. For example, if indicated by the DCI and / or one or more configuration parameters, the wireless device may repeat the transmission of a transport block. The wireless device may send (e.g., transmit) a transport block to a first TRP via one or more first transmission opportunities. The wireless device may transmit a transport block to a second TRP via one or more second transmission opportunities. Transmitting transport blocks via multiple transmission opportunities and transmitting transport blocks to multiple TRPs can increase the reliability of the transport blocks and the probability of successful reception / decoding of the transport blocks (e.g., at the base station).

[0212] A base station can schedule uplink transmissions via multiple TRPs. For example, a DCI from the base station can indicate at least two of the multiple uplink resources. Each of the at least two uplink resources can be associated with a corresponding TRP among the multiple TRPs. One or more configuration parameters may or may not indicate one or more spatial relationships of the at least two uplink resources. The radio device can, for example, select / determine a single default TCI state for transmission of a transport block based on one or more configuration parameters that do not indicate the spatial relationship of the at least two uplink resources. For example, if the radio device is served by multiple TRPs, repeatedly selecting a single default TCI state for a transport block may not be efficient. If the radio device selects a single default TCI state, the radio device may not utilize spatial diversity. For example, if the spatial transmission filter determined based on a single default TCI state fails and / or results in degraded reception quality (e.g., due to obstacles, movement, rotation, the speed of the radio device, etc.), the base station may not be able to successfully receive / decode the transport block. The inability to receive / decode transport blocks may increase the bit error rate, reduce the data rate, cause coverage loss, and increase retransmissions (which may lead to increased power consumption at wireless devices and base stations).

[0213] Using multiple beams (e.g., corresponding to different directions, different widths, etc.) to transmit to multiple TRPs can improve performance. For example, if a wireless device is served by multiple TRPs, the various examples in this document improve / enhance the selection of the default TCI state (e.g., beam selection). A wireless device can conditionally select multiple default TCI states. A wireless device can determine whether to select a single default TCI state or at least two default TCI states. One or more configuration parameters (e.g., transmitted by the base station) may include an enable parameter indicating whether to select a single default TCI state or at least two default TCI states. A wireless device can determine to select at least two default TCI states, for example, based on at least one TCI code point indicating two active TCI states. A wireless device can determine to select a single default TCI state, for example, based on no TCI code point indicating two active TCI states. One or more configuration parameters can indicate a repetition scheme (e.g., based on TDM, FDM, spatial division multiplexing (SDM), CDM, etc.). A wireless device can determine to select at least two default TCI states based on a repetition scheme indicated by one or more configuration parameters. Wireless devices can determine the selection of at least two default TCI states based on at least two uplink resources indicated by the DCI (e.g., the TCI field of the DCI).

[0214] A wireless device can determine at least two default TCI states. A wireless device can determine at least two default TCI states based on rules. A wireless device can determine at least two default TCI states based on the lowest TCI code point indicating two active TCI states. A wireless device can determine at least two default TCI states based on the two active TCI states of two CORESETs with the lowest two CORESET indicators / indices in the active downlink BWP. A wireless device can determine the first default TCI state among at least two default TCI states based on the TCI state of the CORESET with the lowest CORESET indicator / index in the active downlink BWP. A wireless device can determine the second default TCI state among at least two default TCI states based on the second TCI state indicating two active TCI states with the lowest TCI code point.

[0215] A wireless device can determine at least two default spatial transmission filters. The wireless device can determine at least two default spatial transmission filters, for example, based on at least two default TCI states. The wireless device can use / utilize the two default spatial transmission filters to transmit / transmit transport blocks. The wireless device can use / utilize the two default spatial transmission filters to repeatedly transmit messages (e.g., transport blocks) across / through multiple resources (e.g., time slots, micro-time slots, symbols, etc.). Using / utilizing at least two default spatial transmission filters to repeatedly transmit transport blocks across / through multiple resources can increase robustness. For example, even if the second default spatial transmission filter of the at least two default spatial transmission filters is active, the first default spatial transmission filter of the at least two default spatial transmission filters can still be active, and vice versa. The redundancy achieved by using at least two default spatial transmission filters can reduce the bit error rate, increase the data rate, and / or reduce coverage loss. The reduced bit error rate and / or coverage loss can reduce retransmissions, thereby achieving reduced power consumption.

[0216] In at least some wireless communications (e.g., using 3GPP Release 16, earlier / later 3GPP releases or generations, LTE access technology, and / or other access technologies), a wireless device may apply / use a default TCI state based on one or more conditions. For example, if a wireless device receives a DCI indicating an SRS resource, and if spatial relationships are not configured (e.g., provided or activated) to the SRS resource, the wireless device may apply the default TCI state. The default TCI state may correspond to a CORESET with the lowest CORESET indicator / index. The wireless device may use the default TCI state to determine the default transmit beam and / or default path loss reference signal for transmitting messages (e.g., transport blocks) scheduled by the DCI.

[0217] In at least some wireless communications (e.g., using 3GPP Release 17, earlier / later 3GPP releases or generations, LTE access technology and / or other access technologies), wireless devices can support transmit repetition for multiple TRPs (e.g., PUSCH transmit repetition). Wireless devices can use multiple different transmit beams and powers to repeat the transmission of a transport block. For example, if the SRS indicated by the DCI is not configured with spatial relationships, the selection of a single default TCI state (e.g., the TCI state of the CORESET with the lowest CORESET indicator / index) may not support multi-TRP transmit repetition because multiple different transmit beams / powers are required. Wireless devices may not be able to advantageously utilize spatial diversity.

[0218] A wireless device can determine multiple default TCI states based on one or more considerations. For example, if the DCI indicates that SRS resources with spatial relationships are not configured and if at least one condition is met, the wireless device can determine multiple default TCI states scheduled by the DCI for transmit repetition (e.g., transport blocks). This at least one condition may include at least one of the following: an enable parameter indicating that at least two default beams will be used for transmit (e.g., PUSCH transmit); at least one TCI code point indicating at least two TCI states; parameters associated with uplink resources being configured (e.g., PUSCH resources); and / or at least one of the enabled multi-TRP repetition schemes (e.g., intra-slot repetition, TDMA scheme A, inter-slot repetition, etc.).

[0219] A wireless device can determine multiple (e.g., at least two) default TCI states. For example, if at least two CORESETs exist in an active downlink BWP, at least two default TCI states can be determined as at least two TCI states of a CORESET having at least two minimum CORESET indicators / indices. At least two default TCI states can be determined as at least two TCI states indicated by the lowest TCI code point among one or more TCI code points indicating at least two TCI states. At least two default TCI states can include a first default TCI state and a second default TCI state. The first default TCI state can be the TCI state of a CORESET having the lowest CORESET indicator / index, and the second default TCI state can be the TCI state of the lowest TCI code point among one or more TCI code points indicating at least two TCI states. The wireless device can determine at least two default TCI states for configured uplink grants activated by DCI (e.g., type 1 and type 2 configured uplink grants).

[0220] Figure 17An exemplary beam management for transmit repetition is illustrated. Exemplary beam management can be used for transmit repetition via multiple transmit beams. Transmit repetition can correspond to repetitive transmission via multiple time-domain resources (e.g., TDM). Wireless device 1708 can send repetitive transmissions to base station 1704 (e.g., via transport blocks of PUSCH resources).

[0221] Figure 18 An exemplary beam management for transmission is illustrated. Exemplary beam management can be used for transmission via multiple transmission beams. Transmission can correspond to the transmission of a portion of a message via multiple frequency domain resources (e.g., FDM). Wireless device 1808 can send the transmitted portion (e.g., via a transport block of PUSCH resources) to base station 1804 at a corresponding transmission timing.

[0222] Figure 19 An exemplary transmit power determination for transmit repetition is illustrated. This exemplary transmit power determination can be used for transmit repetition via multiple transmit beams. Transmit repetition can correspond to repetitive transmission via multiple time-domain resources (e.g., TDM). Wireless device 1908 can send repetitive transmissions to base station 1904 (e.g., via transport blocks of PUSCH resources).

[0223] Figure 20 An exemplary transmit power determination is illustrated. This exemplary transmit power determination can be used for transmissions via multiple transmit beams. The transmission can correspond to a portion of a message transmitted via multiple frequency domain resources (e.g., FDM). The wireless device 2008 can transmit the transmitted portion to the base station 2004 via a corresponding transmission timing (e.g., a transport block via the PUSCH resource).

[0224] Wireless devices (e.g., wireless device 1708, wireless device 1808, wireless device 1908, or wireless device 2008) can receive one or more messages (e.g., in... Figures 17 to 20 (At or after time T0). The wireless device can receive one or more messages from a base station (e.g., base station 1704, base station 1804, base station 1904, or base station 2004). One or more messages may include one or more configuration parameters (e.g., configuration parameter 1712, configuration parameter 1812, configuration parameter 1912, or configuration parameter 2012). One or more configuration parameters may include one or more RRC configuration parameters. One or more configuration parameters may include one or more RRC reconfiguration parameters.

[0225] One or more configuration parameters can be used for a cell. At least one of the one or more configuration parameters can be used for a cell. The cell can be a primary cell (e.g., PCell), a secondary cell (e.g., SCell), or a secondary cell configured with a PUCCH (e.g., PUCCH SCell). The cell can be an unlicensed cell (e.g., operating in an unlicensed frequency band). The cell can be a licensed cell (e.g., operating in a licensed frequency band). The cell can operate in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1). FR1 can include frequency bands below 6 GHz (or any other frequency band). The cell can operate in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2). FR2 can include frequency bands in the range of 24 GHz to 52.6 GHz (or any other frequency band).

[0226] A wireless device can perform uplink transmission (e.g., PUSCH transmission, PUCCH transmission, SRS transmission) via the cell at a first time and via a first frequency / frequency range. The wireless device can perform downlink reception (e.g., PDCCH reception, PDSCH reception) via the cell at a second time and via a second frequency. The cell can operate in Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode. In TDD mode, the first and second frequencies can be the same or different. The cell can also operate in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode. In FDD mode, the first and second frequencies can be different. In FDD mode, the first and second times can be the same.

[0227] Wireless devices can be in RRC connected mode. Wireless devices can be in RRC idle mode. Wireless devices can be in RRC inactive mode.

[0228] A cell may include multiple BWPs. The multiple BWPs may include one or more uplink BWPs, which include the cell's uplink BWPs. The multiple BWPs may also include one or more downlink BWPs, which include the cell's downlink BWPs.

[0229] A BWP among multiple BWPs can be active or inactive. For example, if a downlink BWP is active, the wireless device can monitor downlink channels / signals (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH) on / through / via one or more downlink BWPs. For example, if a downlink BWP is active, the wireless device can receive PDSCH transmissions via one or more downlink BWPs. For example, if a downlink BWP is inactive, the wireless device can stop monitoring downlink channels / signals (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH) on / through / via one or more downlink BWPs. For example, if a downlink BWP is inactive, the wireless device can stop monitoring (or receiving) downlink channels / signals (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH) on / through / via one or more downlink BWPs. For example, if a downlink BWP is inactive, the wireless device may not receive PDSCH transmissions on / via / for one or more downlink BWPs.

[0230] For example, if the uplink BWP is active, the wireless device can transmit / transmit uplink signals (e.g., PUCCH transmission, preamble, PUSCH transmission, PRACH transmission, SRS, etc.) on / via one or more uplink BWPs. Conversely, if the uplink BWP is inactive, the wireless device can not transmit / transmit uplink signals (e.g., PUCCH transmission, preamble, PUSCH transmission, PRACH transmission, SRS, etc.) on / via one or more uplink BWPs.

[0231] A radio device can activate one or more downlink BWPs in a cell. Activating a downlink BWP may include the radio device setting (or switching) the downlink BWP to the active downlink BWP of the cell. Activating a downlink BWP may include the radio device setting the downlink BWP to an active state. Activating a downlink BWP may include switching a downlink BWP from an inactive state to an active state.

[0232] A radio device can activate one or more uplink BWPs in a cell. Activating an uplink BWP may include the radio device setting (or switching) the uplink BWP to the active uplink BWP of the cell. Activating an uplink BWP may include the radio device setting the uplink BWP to an active state. Activating an uplink BWP may include switching the uplink BWP from an inactive state to an active state.

[0233] One or more configuration parameters can be used for the (active) downlink BWP of the cell. At least one of the one or more configuration parameters can be used for the downlink BWP of the cell. One or more configuration parameters can be used for the (active) uplink BWP of the cell. At least one of the one or more configuration parameters can be used for the uplink BWP of the cell.

[0234] A wireless device may (e.g., to a base station) send / transmit a wireless device capability message. The wireless device capability message may include wireless device capability information. This information may indicate (e.g., include indications thereof) support for beam correspondences in the absence of uplink beam scanning (e.g., the higher-layer parameter beamCorrespondenceWithoutUL-BeamSweeping). The wireless device may set the value of a parameter in the wireless device capability message to a first value (e.g., one or any other value) to indicate support for beam correspondences in the absence of uplink scanning.

[0235] A wireless device can select an appropriate beam (or spatial transmit filter) for uplink transmission. The wireless device can select an appropriate beam (or spatial transmit filter) for uplink transmission based on downlink measurements without relying on uplink beam scanning (e.g., based on wireless device capability information indicating support for the corresponding beam without uplink beam scanning). The wireless device can also select an appropriate beam (or spatial transmit filter) for uplink transmission without relying on uplink beam scanning.

[0236] Wireless device capability information can indicate support for repetition of uplink signal transmissions (e.g., PUCCH transmission, PUSCH transmission, transport blocks, SRS, etc.). Repetition can be based on TDM, FDM, SDM, and / or CDM.

[0237] One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple uplink resources. Multiple uplink resources can correspond to a cell (or can be indicated for use in a cell). A cell can include multiple uplink resources. Multiple uplink resources can be on the cell's (active) uplink BWP (or indicated for use in the cell's (active) uplink BWP). The cell's (active) uplink BWP can include multiple uplink resources.

[0238] Multiple uplink resources may include / may include multiple PUCCH resources. Multiple uplink resources may include / may include multiple SRS resources. Multiple uplink resources may include / may include multiple PUSCH resources. The radio device may receive DCI (e.g., corresponding to DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 0_2, etc.). The DCI may schedule the transmission of one or more transport blocks via multiple PUSCH resources. One or more configuration parameters may indicate multiple PUSCH resources for configured uplink grants (e.g., type 1 configured uplink grant, type 2 configured uplink grant). The radio device may transmit / transmit one or more transport blocks for configured uplink grants via multiple PUSCH resources.

[0239] One or more configuration parameters may include / indicate multiple uplink resource indices (e.g., identifiers, indicators, SRS resource indicators / IDs, PUCCH resource identifiers, etc.). Multiple uplink resource indices can identify / indicate multiple uplink resources. Each uplink resource among the multiple uplink resources can be identified / indicated by a corresponding uplink resource index / identifier among the multiple uplink resource indices / identifiers. A first uplink resource among the multiple uplink resources can be identified / indicated by a first uplink resource index / identifier among the multiple uplink resource indices / identifiers. A second uplink resource among the multiple uplink resources can be identified / indicated by a second uplink resource index / identifier among the multiple uplink resource indices / identifiers. One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple uplink resources based on one or more configuration parameters, which include / indicate multiple uplink resource indices / identifiers that identify / indicate multiple uplink resources.

[0240] One or more configuration parameters may include enabling parameters (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_1, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). Enabling parameters may indicate values ​​(e.g., enabled, disabled). The value indicates whether the enabling parameter is enabled or disabled. Enabling parameters can be enabled. One or more configuration parameters may indicate that the enabling parameter is enabled. The value of the enabling parameter indicates that the enabling parameter is enabled. Enabling parameters can be used for cells. Enabling parameters enable the determination / selection of default spatial relationships for the transmission of uplink signals (e.g., SR, CSI, HARQ-ACK, UCI, PUCCH transmission, PUSCH transmission, SRS, transport blocks) via uplink resources (e.g., PUCCH resources, SRS resources, PUSCH resources). Enabling parameters enable the determination / selection of default path loss reference signals for the transmission of uplink signals via uplink resources. Multiple uplink resources may include uplink resources.

[0241] The wireless device can determine / select a default spatial relationship and / or a default path loss reference signal for transmitting uplink signals via uplink resources. The wireless device can determine / select the default spatial relationship and / or default path loss reference signal, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters, including enabled parameters, for transmitting uplink signals via uplink resources.

[0242] A wireless device may determine / select a default spatial relationship and / or a default path loss reference signal, for example, based on the absence of a spatial relationship provided for uplink resources (e.g., PUCCHSpatialRelationInfo, spatialRelationInfo). The absence of a spatial relationship provided for uplink resources may include: one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship; one or more configuration parameters not indicating a spatial relationship for uplink resources; the absence of a spatial relationship provided for uplink resources may include: the wireless device not receiving an activation command (e.g., MAC CE) indicating a spatial relationship for uplink resources; or the wireless device receiving a DCI (e.g., corresponding to DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 0_2) scheduled for transmission of uplink signals (e.g., PUSCH transmission, transport block) via uplink resources, where the DCI does not include a field indicating a spatial relationship. This field may be an SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) field.

[0243] A wireless device may determine / select a default spatial relationship and / or a default path loss reference signal, for example, based on (e.g., in response to) the absence of at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources (e.g., provided by higher-layer parameters pathlossReferenceRSs, PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS, and SRS-PathlossReferenceRS). The absence of at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources may include: one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one path loss reference signal for an SRS resource set including the uplink resources. The absence of at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources may also include: the wireless device not receiving an activation command (e.g., MAC CE) indicating at least one path loss reference signal for an SRS resource set including the uplink resources. The absence of at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources may also include: one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one path loss reference signal for an uplink BWP including the uplink resources. The absence of at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources may include: the wireless device not receiving an activation command (e.g., MACCE) indicating at least one path loss reference signal for an uplink BWP that includes uplink resources. The absence of at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources may also include: one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources. The absence of at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources may also include: the wireless device not receiving an activation command (e.g., MAC CE) indicating at least one path loss reference signal for uplink resources. The wireless device may determine / select a default spatial relationship and / or a default path loss reference signal, for example, based on (e.g., in response to) one or more configuration parameters not indicating (e.g., for uplink BWP, SRS resource set, PUCCH configuration parameters of uplink BWP, or PUSCH configuration parameters of uplink BWP) at least one path loss reference signal.

[0244] One or more configuration parameters may include a second enabling parameter (e.g., enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_0, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_1, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUCCH, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForSRS). The second enabling parameter may indicate a value (e.g., enabled, disabled). This value indicates whether the second enabling parameter is enabled or disabled. The second enabling parameter can be enabled. One or more configuration parameters may indicate that the second enabling parameter is enabled. The value of the second enabling parameter may indicate that the second enabling parameter is enabled. The second enabling parameter can be used for a cell. The second enabling parameter enables the determination / selection of at least two default spatial relationships for the transmission of uplink signals (e.g., SR, CSI, HARQ-ACK, UCI, PUCCH transmission, PUSCH transmission, transport block, SRS) via uplink resources (e.g., PUCCH resources, SRS resources, PUSCH resources). The second enable parameter allows for the determination / selection of at least two default path loss reference signals for the transmission of uplink signals via uplink resources. Multiple uplink resources within a cell can include uplink resources.

[0245] A wireless device can determine / select at least two default spatial relationships and at least two default path loss reference signals for transmitting uplink signals via uplink resources. The wireless device can determine / select at least two default spatial relationships and / or at least two default path loss reference signals, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters, including a second enabled parameter that is enabled, for transmitting uplink signals via uplink resources.

[0246] The second enable parameter can be used for uplink resources among multiple uplink resources. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the corresponding second enable parameter for each of the multiple uplink resources. The second enable parameter can enable the determination / selection of at least two default spatial relationships for the transmission of uplink signals (e.g., SR, CSI, HARQ-ACK, UCI, PUCCH transmission, PUSCH transmission, transport block, SRS) via uplink resources (e.g., PUCCH resources, SRS resources, PUSCH resources). The second enable parameter can enable the determination / selection of at least two default path loss reference signals for the transmission of uplink signals via uplink resources. The wireless device can, for example, determine / select at least two default spatial relationships and / or at least two default path loss reference signals for the transmission of uplink signals via uplink resources based on one or more configuration parameters, including the enabled second enable parameter for uplink resources.

[0247] One or more configuration parameters may exclude a second enable parameter (e.g., enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_0, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_1, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUCCH, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForSRS). One or more configuration parameters may include enable parameters (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_1, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). Enable parameters can be enabled. The wireless device may, for example, determine / select a default spatial relationship and / or default path loss reference signal for transmission of uplink signals (e.g., SR, CSI, HARQ-ACK, UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, transport block, SRS) via uplink resources based on one or more configuration parameters excluding the second enable parameter. Wireless devices can determine / select default spatial relationships and / or default path loss reference signals, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters, including enabled parameters, for the transmission of uplink signals via uplink resources.

[0248] One or more configuration parameters may include a second enabling parameter (e.g., enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_0, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_1, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUCCH, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForSRS). The second enabling parameter may be disabled. One or more configuration parameters may indicate that the second enabling parameter is not enabled. The value of the second enabling parameter may not indicate that the second enabling parameter is enabled. One or more configuration parameters may include enabling parameters (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_1, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). Enabling parameters may be enabled. A wireless device may determine / select a default spatial relationship and / or default path loss reference signal for uplink signal transmission (e.g., SR, CSI, HARQ-ACK, UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, transport block, SRS) via uplink resources, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters indicating that a second enable parameter is not enabled.

[0249] One or more configuration parameters may include a second enabling parameter (e.g., enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_0, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_1, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUCCH, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForSRS). One or more configuration parameters may include a second enabling parameter without including an enabling parameter (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_1, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). One or more configuration parameters may include an enabling parameter (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). One or more configuration parameters may be based on one or more configuration parameters including an enable parameter but excluding a second enable parameter (e.g., enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_0, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUCCH, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForSRS).

[0250] One or more configuration parameters may include a second enabling parameter (e.g., enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_0, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUCCH, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForSRS). The second enabling parameter may be enabled. One or more configuration parameters may indicate that the second enabling parameter is enabled. The value of the second enabling parameter may indicate that the second enabling parameter is enabled. One or more configuration parameters may include the enabled second enabling parameter but not the enabling parameter (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). One or more configuration parameters may include enabling parameters (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). The enabling parameter may not be enabled. One or more configuration parameters may not indicate that the enabling parameter is enabled. The value of the enabling parameter may not indicate that the enabling parameter is enabled. The enabling parameter may be disabled based on the second enabling parameter being enabled.

[0251] One or more configuration parameters may include enabling parameters (e.g., enableDefaultBeamPlForPUSCH0_0, enableDefaultBeamPlForPUCCH, enableDefaultBeamPlForSRS). Enabling parameters can be enabled. One or more configuration parameters can indicate that an enabling parameter is enabled. The value of an enabling parameter can indicate that an enabling parameter is enabled. One or more configuration parameters may include an enabled parameter but exclude a second enabling parameter based on one or more configuration parameters (e.g., enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_0, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_1, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUCCH, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForSRS). One or more configuration parameters may include a second enabling parameter (e.g., enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUSCH0_0, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForPUCCH, enableTwoDefaultBeamsPlForSRS). The second enabling parameter may not be enabled. One or more configuration parameters may not indicate that a second enabling parameter is enabled. The value of a second enabling parameter may not indicate that a second enabling parameter is enabled. The second enable parameter can be enabled or disabled based on whether the enable parameter is enabled.

[0252] The enabling parameter and the second enabling parameter may not be enabled simultaneously. One or more configuration parameters may not include (e.g., simultaneously or concurrently) the enabling parameter and the enabled second enabling parameter. One or more configuration parameters may include (e.g., simultaneously or concurrently) the enabling parameter and the disabled second enabling parameter. One or more configuration parameters may include (e.g., simultaneously or concurrently) the disabled enabling parameter and the enabled second enabling parameter.

[0253] One or more configuration parameters may include an enabled activation parameter. One or more configuration parameters may include a second enabled activation parameter. The wireless device may ignore the activation parameter, for example, based on the fact that the first and second activation parameters are enabled. Ignoring the activation parameter may include: setting the activation parameter to indicate that the activation parameter is disabled. Ignoring the activation parameter may include: not applying the activation parameter (e.g., not performing the actions required by the activation parameter and / or actions based on the activation parameter). The wireless device may ignore the second activation parameter, for example, based on the fact that the first and second activation parameters are enabled. Ignoring the second activation parameter may include: setting the second activation parameter to indicate that the second activation parameter is disabled. Ignoring the second activation parameter may include: not applying the second activation parameter (e.g., not performing the actions required by the second activation parameter and / or actions based on the second activation parameter).

[0254] One or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one path loss reference signal (RS) (e.g., pathlossReferenceRSs, PUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS, PathlossReferenceRS-Config, pathlossReferenceRS-List-r16, pathlossReferenceRS-List, SRS-PathlossReferenceRS). One or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one path loss reference RS for the cell. One or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one path loss reference RS for the (active) uplink BWP for the cell. One or more configuration parameters may not indicate at least one path loss reference signal for the SRS resource set of the (active) uplink BWP for the cell. The SRS resource set may include uplink resources. One or more configuration parameters may include one or more SRS configuration parameters, PUCCH configuration parameters, and / or PUSCH configuration parameters for the (active) uplink BWP. One or more SRS configuration parameters, PUCCH configuration parameters, and / or PUSCH configuration parameters may not indicate at least one path loss reference signal. The radio device may, for example, not be provided with at least one path loss reference RS because one or more configuration parameters do not indicate at least one path loss reference RS.

[0255] A wireless device may not receive activation commands indicating at least one path loss reference RS (e.g., SRS path loss reference RS activation / deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relation activation / deactivation MAC CE, enhanced PUCCH spatial relation activation / deactivation MAC CE, etc.). A wireless device may not receive activation commands indicating at least one path loss reference RS for (active) uplink BWP. A wireless device may not receive activation commands indicating at least one path loss reference RS for a cell. A wireless device may not receive activation commands indicating at least one path loss reference signal for an SRS resource set including uplink resources. A wireless device may, for example, not be provided with at least one path loss reference RS based on not receiving an activation command indicating at least one path loss reference RS. A wireless device may not receive activation commands indicating at least one path loss reference RS for uplink resources among multiple uplink resources. A wireless device may, for example, not be provided with at least one path loss reference RS for uplink resources based on not receiving an activation command indicating at least one path loss reference RS for uplink resources.

[0256] One or more configuration parameters may not indicate spatial relationships (e.g., PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo, spatialRelationInfo). One or more configuration parameters may not indicate spatial relationships for the cell. One or more configuration parameters may not indicate spatial relationships for the (active) uplink BWP of the cell. The radio device may not be provided with spatial relationships, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters not indicating spatial relationships. One or more configuration parameters may not indicate spatial relationships for uplink resources among multiple uplink resources. The radio device may not be provided with spatial relationships for uplink resources, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters not indicating spatial relationships for uplink resources.

[0257] One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple spatial relationships (e.g., PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo, spatialRelationInfo). The wireless device may not receive activation commands indicating spatial relationships among multiple spatial relationships for uplink resources (e.g., AP / SP SRS activation / deactivation MAC CE, PUCCH spatial relationship activation / deactivation MAC CE, etc.). The wireless device may not be provided with spatial relationships for uplink resources, for example, because it has not received activation commands indicating spatial relationships for uplink resources. The wireless device may not be provided with spatial relationships, for example, because it has not received activation commands indicating spatial relationships.

[0258] A wireless device can receive a DCI (e.g., corresponding to DCI format 0_0) that schedules the transmission of uplink signals (e.g., transport blocks, PUSCH transmissions). The DCI can schedule the transmission of uplink signals via uplink resources (e.g., PUSCH resources) among multiple uplink resources. The DCI can schedule the transmission of uplink signals via the (active) uplink BWP. The DCI may not indicate spatial relationships for the transmission of uplink signals. The DCI may not include fields indicating spatial relationships (e.g., SRI field). The wireless device may, for example, be provided with no spatial relationships for uplink resources based on receiving a DCI that does not indicate spatial relationships for the transmission of uplink signals via uplink resources.

[0259] The wireless device can receive a DCI (e.g., corresponding to DCI format 0_1 ​​or DCI format 0_2) that schedules the transmission of uplink signals (e.g., transport blocks, PUSCH transmissions). The DCI can schedule the transmission of uplink signals via uplink resources (e.g., PUSCH resources) among multiple uplink resources. The DCI can schedule the transmission of uplink signals via the (active) uplink BWP. The DCI may include fields indicating uplink resources (e.g., SRI field). Uplink resources may not be provided with spatial relationships. The wireless device may, for example, not provide spatial relationships for uplink signal transmission based on the indication by the DCI that uplink resources are not provided with spatial relationships.

[0260] Figures 21A to 21C An exemplary configuration of the TCI state associated with TCI code points and / or CORESETs is shown. One or more configuration parameters can indicate one or more CORESETs (e.g., Figure 21B The first core set in Figure 21C (The first CORESET and the second CORESET in the configuration). One or more configuration parameters can indicate one or more CORESETs for the (active) downlink BWP of the cell. The (active) downlink BWP of the cell may include one or more CORESETs.

[0261] One or more configuration parameters can indicate one or more CORESET indicator / indexes for one or more CORESETs (e.g., provided by the higher-level parameter ControlResourceSetId). Each CORESET in one or more CORESETs can be identified / indicated by a corresponding CORESET indicator / index of one or more CORESET indicator / indexes. The first CORESET in one or more CORESETs can be identified by the first CORESET index of one or more CORESET indexes. The second CORESET in one or more CORESETs can be identified by the second CORESET index of one or more CORESET indexes. A CORESET index can be a CORESET identifier.

[0262] The first CORESET in one or more CORESETs can be identified / indicated by the CORESET index of one or more CORESET indices. Among the one or more CORESET indices, the CORESET index can be the lowest (or highest). The first CORESET (e.g., Figure 21B The first core set and Figure 21C The first CORESET in a list can be identified / indicated by a CORESET index that is the lowest among one or more CORESET indices of one or more CORESETs. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the first TCI state for the first CORESET (e.g., provided by the higher-level parameter tci-statesPDCCH-ToAddList). Figure 21B and Figure 21C TCI status 8 in the middle.

[0263] One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple TCI states for the first CORESET (e.g., provided by the higher-level parameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList). The wireless device can (e.g., in...) Figures 17 to 20 An activation command (e.g., a TCI state indication for a wireless device-specific PDCCH MAC CE) is received at or after time T1. The activation command can activate (e.g., select, indicate, or update) the first TCI state for the first CORESET (e.g., ...). Figure 21B and Figure 21C(TCI state 8 in the text). Activation commands can correspond to activation commands 1716, 1816, 1916, or 2016. Multiple TCI states can include a first TCI state. Activation commands can include one or more fields. The first field of one or more fields can indicate / include the CORESET indicator / index of the first CORESET. The second field of one or more fields can indicate / include the first TCI state indicator / index of the first TCI state. The third field of one or more fields can indicate / include the serving cell indicator / index of the cell (e.g., provided by the higher-layer parameter ServCellIndex). One or more configuration parameters can indicate the serving cell index used for the cell. The fourth field of one or more fields can indicate / include the downlink BWP indicator / index of the downlink BWP. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the downlink BWP index used for the downlink BWP.

[0264] One or more configuration parameters can indicate TCI state indicators / indexes for multiple TCI states (e.g., provided by the higher-level parameter TCI-StateId). Each TCI state among the multiple TCI states can be identified / indicated by a corresponding TCI state indicator / index in the TCI state indicator / index. The first TCI state among the multiple TCI states can be indicated / identified by a first TCI state indicator / index in the TCI state indicator / index. The second TCI state among the multiple TCI states can be indicated / identified by a second TCI state indicator / index in the TCI state indicator / index. The TCI state indicator / index may include a first TCI state indicator / index that identifies the first TCI state / indicates the first TCI state of the first CORESET. The TCI state indicator / index may be a TCI state identifier.

[0265] The first TCI state can indicate a first reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB / PBCH block, SRS, DM-RS). The first TCI state can include a first reference signal indicator / index (e.g., provided by higher-level parameters referenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId). The first reference signal indicator / index can identify (or indicate) the first reference signal. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the first reference signal indicator / index used for the first TCI state. The first TCI state can indicate a first quasi-co-address type used for the first reference signal. The first quasi-co-address (QCL) type can be QCL type D (or any other QCL type).

[0266] The first TCI state may correspond to the first QCL assumption (or attribute or structure) of the first CORESET. The first QCL assumption of the first CORESET may indicate at least one of the following: channel characteristics, Doppler frequency shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread and / or spatial receiver filter for the first CORESET.

[0267] A wireless device can monitor the downlink control channel used for DCI. The wireless device can monitor the downlink control channel used for DCI via a first CORESET based on a first TCI state. The wireless device can monitor the downlink control channel used for DCI via a first CORESET based on the first TCI state (e.g., based on receiving an activation command to activate the first TCI state for the first CORESET). The wireless device can monitor the downlink control channel used for DCI via a first CORESET based on the first TCI state (e.g., based on one or more configuration parameters indicating the first TCI state for the first CORESET). Monitoring the downlink control channel in the first CORESET based on the first TCI state may include: one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) in the first CORESET being quasi-co-located with a first reference signal quasi-co-located relative to the first reference signal quasi-co-located type indicated by the first TCI state. The wireless device can receive DCI via the first CORESET. The wireless device may receive DCI via the first CORESET, for example, based on monitoring the downlink control channel in the first CORESET. The wireless device may receive DCI via the first CORESET based on the first TCI state. Receiving DCI via the first CORESET based on the first TCI state may include: one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) in the first CORESET using the DCI to quasi-co-address a first reference signal indicated by the first TCI state.

[0268] One or more configuration parameters (e.g., via the higher-level parameter `ConfiguredGrantConfig`) can indicate one or more configured uplink grants. One or more configured uplink grants can include configured uplink grants.

[0269] A configured uplink grant can be a type 1 configured uplink grant (or a type 1 configured grant provided by the higher-layer parameter `rrc-ConfiguredUplinkGrant` in the higher-layer parameter `ConfiguredGrantConfig`). One or more configuration parameters (e.g., RRC configuration parameters) can indicate (e.g., provide, activate) the uplink grant. The wireless device can activate a type 1 configured uplink grant based on receiving one or more configuration parameters. The wireless device can store uplink grants as configured uplink grants. The wireless device can transmit / transmit transport blocks (TBs) based on / for configured uplink grants. The wireless device can transmit transport blocks (TBs) via one or more periodic uplink resources with configured uplink grants (e.g., such as...). Figures 17 to 20 (TB shown).

[0270] A configured uplink grant can indicate at least two uplink resources (e.g., SRS resources). One or more configuration parameters can indicate the SRI field for the configured uplink grant (e.g., via srs-ResourceIndicator in rrc-ConfiguredUplinkGrant). The SRI field can indicate at least two uplink resources. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the mapping between the SRI field and at least two uplink resources. The mapping between the SRI field and at least two uplink resources can be preconfigured (e.g., predefined, preset, fixed). The value of the SRI field can be mapped to at least two uplink resource indicators / indices for at least two uplink resources. Multiple uplink resource indicators / indices can include at least two uplink resource indicators / indices.

[0271] One or more configuration parameters can indicate at least two SRI fields used for configured uplink grants (e.g., via srs-ResourceIndicator in rrc-ConfiguredUplinkGrant). The at least two SRI fields can indicate at least two uplink resources. Each of the at least two SRI fields can indicate a corresponding uplink resource among the at least two uplink resources. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the mapping between the at least two SRI fields and the at least two uplink resources. The mapping between the at least two SRI fields and the at least two uplink resources can be preconfigured (e.g., predefined, preset, fixed). The values ​​of the at least two SRI fields can be mapped to at least two uplink resource indicators / indices for the at least two uplink resources. Multiple uplink resource indicators / indices can include at least two uplink resource indicators / indices.

[0272] One or more configuration parameters can indicate the TCI field used for configured uplink grants. The TCI field can indicate (or may be equal to) a TCI code point (e.g., uplink TCI code point, downlink TCI code point). A TCI code point can indicate at least two uplink resources. An activation command can activate / indicate at least two uplink resources used for the TCI code point. A TCI code point can indicate / include at least two active TCI states. Each of the at least two active TCI states can indicate (or correspond to or include) a corresponding uplink resource among the at least two uplink resources. The first TCI state among the at least two active TCI states can indicate (or correspond to or include) a first uplink resource among the at least two uplink resources. The first TCI state can include a first uplink resource indicator / index (e.g., identifying or indicating the first uplink resource). Multiple uplink resource indices / identifiers can include a first uplink resource index. A second TCI state among at least two active TCI states can indicate (or correspond to or include) a second uplink resource among at least two uplink resources. The second TCI state may include a second uplink resource indicator / index (e.g., identifying or indicating a second uplink resource). Multiple uplink resource indices / identifiers may include second uplink resource indices.

[0273] The wireless device can receive a DCI. The DCI can correspond to DCI format 0_1, DCI format 0_2, or DCI format 0_0. The DCI can schedule uplink messages (e.g., transport blocks). The DCI can include dynamic uplink grants for the transmission of transport blocks. The wireless device can, for example, transmit / transmit transport blocks via uplink resources indicated by the DCI (or dynamic uplink grants) (e.g., ...). Figures 17 to 20 (TB shown).

[0274] A configured uplink grant can be a type 2 configured uplink grant (or a type 2 configured grant). PDCCH transmissions can, for example, indicate / provide an uplink grant in a type 2 configured uplink grant. A radio device can store an uplink grant as a configured uplink grant based on receiving a DCI (or Layer 1 signaling) indicating that the configured uplink grant is activated. The DCI can activate the configured uplink grant. The radio device can transmit / transmit transport blocks for a configured uplink grant (e.g., as shown in the image). Figures 17 to 20 (as shown in TB). Wireless devices can transmit transport blocks (e.g., PUSCH transmission) via one or more periodic uplink resources.

[0275] The DCI can indicate at least two uplink resources (e.g., SRS resources). The DCI can indicate / include an SRI field indicating at least two uplink resources. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the mapping between the SRI field and the at least two uplink resources. The mapping between the SRI field and the at least two uplink resources can be preconfigured (e.g., predefined, preset, or fixed). The value of the SRI field can be mapped to at least two uplink resource indicators / indices for the at least two uplink resources. Multiple uplink resource indicators / indices can include at least two uplink resource indicators / indices.

[0276] DCI can indicate / include at least two SRI fields indicating at least two uplink resources. Each of the at least two SRI fields can indicate a corresponding uplink resource among the at least two uplink resources. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the mapping between the at least two SRI fields and the at least two uplink resources. The mapping between the at least two SRI fields and the at least two uplink resources can be preconfigured (e.g., predefined, preset, fixed). The values ​​of the at least two SRI fields can be mapped to at least two uplink resource indicators / indices for the at least two uplink resources. Multiple uplink resource indicators / indices can include at least two uplink resource indicators / indices.

[0277] The DCI may include a TCI field. The TCI field may indicate (or include) TCI code points (e.g., uplink TCI code points, downlink TCI code points). A TCI code point may indicate at least two uplink resources. An activation command may activate / indicate at least two uplink resources for a TCI code point. A TCI code point may indicate at least two active TCI states. Each of the at least two active TCI states may indicate (or correspond to or include) a corresponding uplink resource among the at least two uplink resources. For example, a first TCI state among the at least two active TCI states may indicate (or correspond to) a first uplink resource among the at least two uplink resources. The first TCI state may include a first uplink resource indicator / index (e.g., indicating or identifying the first uplink resource). Multiple uplink resource indices / identifiers may include a first uplink resource index. A second TCI state among the at least two active TCI states may indicate (or correspond to or include) a second uplink resource among the at least two uplink resources. The second TCI status may include a second uplink resource indicator / index (e.g., indicating or identifying the second uplink resource). Multiple uplink resource indices / identifiers may include the second uplink resource index.

[0278] The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states. The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters or DCI. The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states for transmitting a transport block. For example, as... Figures 17 to 20 As shown, the wireless device can (e.g., at or before time T2) determine / select TCI state 8 and TCI state 23 as at least two TCI states.

[0279] A wireless device can be served by multiple TRPs (e.g., transmitting to and / or receiving from multiple TRPs). The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states based on the services provided by multiple TRPs.

[0280] Wireless devices can be based on at least one of one or more TCI code points (e.g., Figure 21A and Figure 21B The TCI code points 001 and 010 in the DCI indicate at least two active TCI states to determine / select at least two TCI states. The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states based on (e.g., by the TCI field of the DCI or by a configured uplink grant indication) indicating at least two active TCI states. The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states based on (e.g., by the TCI field of the DCI or by a configured uplink grant indication) indicating at least two uplink resources. The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states based on (e.g., by a configured uplink grant indication) indicating at least two uplink resources.

[0281] A wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states based on one or more configuration parameters indicating at least two CORESET pool indicators / indices for one or more CORESETs. A first TRP of a plurality of TRPs can transmit / transmit DCI via one or more first CORESETs having a first CORESET pool indicator / index (e.g., 0 or any other first value). A first TRP can transmit / transmit DCI without transmitting / transmitting DCI via one or more second CORESETs having a second CORESET pool indicator / index (e.g., 1 or any other second value). A second TRP of a plurality of TRPs can transmit / transmit DCI without transmitting / transmitting DCI via one or more first CORESETs having a first CORESET pool indicator / index. A second TRP can transmit / transmit DCI via one or more second CORESETs having a second CORESET pool indicator / index. At least two CORESET pool indicators / indices may include a first CORESET pool indicator / index and a second CORESET pool indicator / index. One or more CORESETs may include one or more first CORESETs and one or more second CORESETs. The first CORESET pool indicator / index can be different from the second CORESET pool indicator / index.

[0282] A wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters, including an enable parameter. The enable parameter can be enabled. One or more configuration parameters can indicate that the enable parameter is enabled.

[0283] The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters, including a second enable parameter. The second enable parameter can be enabled. One or more configuration parameters can indicate that the second enable parameter is enabled.

[0284] Wireless devices can determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters indicating a repetition scheme (e.g., FDM, TDM, SDM, CDM). The repetition scheme can be used for repetition of transmit blocks (e.g., PUSCH repetition).

[0285] A wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on wireless device capability information indicating / including support for beam correspondence in the absence of uplink beam scanning. A wireless device may also determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on wireless device capability information indicating support for transmit repetition (e.g., transmit blocks).

[0286] A wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on the absence of at least one path loss reference RS. A wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on one or more configuration parameters not indicating at least one path loss reference RS. A wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on the absence of an activation command indicating at least one path loss reference RS.

[0287] A wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on spatial relationships (e.g., PUCCH SpatialRelationInfo, spatialRelationInfo) that are not provided (e.g., for at least two uplink resources). The lack of spatial relationships provided for the at least two uplink resources may include situations where each of the at least two uplink resources is provided with a spatial relationship. Alternatively, the wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on spatial relationships that are not indicated (e.g., for at least two uplink resources) by one or more configuration parameters. One or more configuration parameters that do not indicate spatial relationships for the at least two uplink resources may include situations where one or more configuration parameters do not indicate spatial relationships for each of the at least two uplink resources.

[0288] A wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on one or more activation commands indicating spatial relationships (e.g., for at least two uplink resources) that have not been received. The wireless device not receiving one or more activation commands indicating spatial relationships for at least two uplink resources may include: the wireless device not receiving one or more activation commands indicating the corresponding spatial relationship for each of the at least two uplink resources.

[0289] DCI may include a Time Domain Resource Alignment (TDRA) field. One or more configuration parameters may indicate the TDRA field used for configured uplink grants (e.g., Type 1 configured uplink grants). The TDRA field may indicate a resource allocation table. The resource allocation table may be indicated / configured by one or more configuration parameters. The resource allocation table may be pre-configured (e.g., fixed). The TDRA field may indicate the amount of repetition of transport blocks (e.g., number of repetitions). The resource allocation table may include / indicate the amount of repetition (e.g., number of repetitions). The amount of repetition (e.g., number of repetitions) may exist in / be indicated by the resource allocation table. The wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on the amount of repetition indicated by the TDRA field. For example, as Figure 17 and Figure 19As shown, the number of repetitions can be equal to four (e.g., numberofrepetitions = 4). In other examples, the number of repetitions can be equal to any other value.

[0290] The resource allocation table indicated by the TDRA field of the DCI may or may not contain a higher-level parameter indicating the amount of repetition (e.g., number of repetitions). The resource allocation table indicated by the TDRA field of configured uplink grant (e.g., type 1 configured uplink grant) may or may not contain a higher-level parameter indicating the amount of repetition (e.g., number of repetitions). One or more configuration parameters may indicate the amount of repetition (e.g., via the higher-level parameter pusch-AggregationFactor). The wireless device may determine / select at least two TCI states, for example, based on the amount of repetition indicated by one or more configuration parameters. Figure 17 and Figure 19 As shown, the amount of repetition can be equal to four (e.g., pusch-AggregationFactor = 4). In other examples, the amount of repetition can be equal to any other value.

[0291] DCI may include an antenna port field. One or more configuration parameters may indicate the antenna port field used for configured uplink grants. The antenna port field may indicate DM-RS ports within at least two Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) groups. The wireless device may, for example, determine / select at least two TCI states based on the DM-RS ports within at least two CDM groups indicated by the antenna port field.

[0292] At least two uplink resources can be one or more dedicated uplink resources. These dedicated uplink resources may not be shared with a second wireless device different from the current wireless device. One or more configuration parameters can indicate one or more dedicated uplink resources. At least two uplink resources may or may not be indicated using SIB messages / may be configured with SIB messages.

[0293] At least two (determined / selected) TCI states can indicate at least two reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB / PBCH block, SRS, DM-RS). Each of the at least two TCI states can indicate a corresponding reference signal among the at least two reference signals. Each of the at least two TCI states can include a reference signal indicator / index (e.g., provided by higher-level parameters referenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId) that identifies the corresponding reference signal. A first TCI state among the at least two TCI states (e.g., TCI state 8) can indicate a first reference signal among the at least two reference signals. A second TCI state among the at least two TCI states (e.g., TCI state 23) can indicate a second reference signal among the at least two reference signals. The first TCI state may include a first reference signal indicator / index that identifies the first reference signal (e.g., a first reference signal indicator, a first reference signal index provided by higher-level parameters referenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId). One or more configuration parameters may indicate the first reference signal indicator / index used for the first TCI state. The second TCI state may include a second reference signal indicator / index that identifies the second reference signal (e.g., a second reference signal indicator, a second reference signal index provided by higher-level parameters referenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId). One or more configuration parameters may indicate the second reference signal indicator / index used for the second TCI state.

[0294] At least two (determined / selected) TCI states can indicate one or more quasi-common types. Each of the at least two TCI states can indicate a corresponding quasi-common type among the one or more quasi-common types. For example, a first TCI state can indicate a first quasi-common type for a first reference signal. A second TCI state can indicate a second quasi-common type for a second reference signal. The first and second quasi-common types can be the same. For example, the first quasi-common type can be QCL type D, and the second quasi-common type can be QCL type D. The first quasi-common type can be QCL type A, and the second quasi-common type can be QCL type A. The first and second quasi-common types can be different. For example, the first quasi-common type can be QCL type A, and the second quasi-common type can be QCL type D. The first quasi-common type can be QCL type C, and the second quasi-common type can be QCL type B. One or more quasi-common types can include both the first and second quasi-common types.

[0295] A wireless device can determine multiple spatial transmission filters based on at least two TCI states. The wireless device can determine multiple spatial transmission filters for transmitting a transport block. The wireless device can utilize / use multiple spatial transmission filters to perform the transmission of a transport block. The wireless device can transmit a transport block (e.g., in...) based on (e.g., utilizing / using) multiple spatial transmission filters. Figures 17 to 20 (At or after time T2 in the middle).

[0296] A wireless device can determine a spatial transmission filter among a plurality of spatial transmission filters based on TCI states in at least two TCI states. The wireless device can determine each spatial transmission filter among the plurality of spatial transmission filters based on corresponding TCI states in at least two TCI states. Determining a plurality of spatial transmission filters based on at least two TCI states (e.g., based on at least two reference signals indicated by at least two TCI states) can include: determining a plurality of spatial transmission filters. The wireless device can determine each spatial transmission filter among the plurality of spatial transmission filters based on reference signals indicated by corresponding TCI states in at least two TCI states.

[0297] A wireless device may determine a first spatial transmission filter among a plurality of spatial transmission filters, for example, based on a first TCI state (e.g., TCI state 8) of at least two TCI states. The wireless device may determine the first spatial transmission filter, for example, based on a first reference signal indicated by the first TCI state. The wireless device may utilize / use the first spatial transmission filter to transmit / transmit a transport block (or a first portion of a transport block, or one or more first data layers / streams of a transport block). A wireless device may determine a second spatial transmission filter among a plurality of spatial transmission filters, for example, based on a second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 23) of at least two TCI states. The wireless device may determine the second spatial transmission filter, for example, based on a second reference signal indicated by the second TCI state. The wireless device may utilize / use the second spatial transmission filter to transmit / transmit a transport block (or a second portion of a transport block, or one or more second data layers / streams of a transport block).

[0298] A wireless device can determine the spatial transmission filter for transmitting a transport block based on the TCI state. At least two TCI states may be included. Multiple spatial transmission filters may be included. The TCI state may indicate a reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB / PBCH block, SRS, DM-RS) among at least two reference signals. The TCI state may include a reference signal index / identifier / indicator (e.g., a reference signal index, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId) that identifies the reference signal. One or more configuration parameters may indicate the reference signal index / identifier / indicator used for the reference signal. The wireless device can determine the spatial transmission filter based on the reference signal indicated by the TCI state.

[0299] The reference signal can be a downlink reference signal. The downlink reference signal can include SS / PBCH blocks. The downlink reference signal can include CSI-RS (e.g., periodic CSI-RS, semi-persistent CSI-RS, aperiodic CSI-RS). The downlink reference signal can include DM-RS (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, etc.). The wireless device can use a spatial receiving filter to receive the downlink reference signal. The wireless device can receive the downlink reference signal based on (e.g., using, utilizing) the spatial receiving filter. The wireless device can determine, for example, that the spatial transmitting filter used for transmitting the transport block is the same as the spatial receiving filter used for receiving the reference signal indicated by the TCI state, based on the reference signal being a downlink reference signal. The wireless device can transmit / transmit the transport block based on (e.g., using, utilizing) the same spatial transmitting filter as the spatial receiving filter (e.g., based on the reference signal being a downlink reference signal). The wireless device can transmit / transmit the transport block based on (e.g., using, utilizing) the spatial receiving filter (e.g., based on the reference signal being a downlink reference signal). Wireless devices can transmit transport blocks based on a spatial receive filter (e.g., based on, for example, a reference signal being a downlink reference signal). Determining the spatial transmit filter based on the TCI state can include: determining the spatial receive filter used to receive the reference signal indicated by the TCI state as the spatial transmit filter. Determining the spatial transmit filter based on the TCI state can also include: determining that the spatial transmit filter is the same as the spatial receive filter used to receive the reference signal indicated by the TCI state.

[0300] The reference signal can be an uplink reference signal (e.g., periodic SRS, semi-persistent SRS, aperiodic SRS, DM-RS). The wireless device can use a second spatial transmission filter to transmit / transmit the uplink reference signal. The wireless device can transmit / transmit the uplink reference signal based on (e.g., using, utilizing) the second spatial transmission filter. The wireless device can determine, for example, based on the reference signal being an uplink reference signal, that the spatial transmission filter used for transmitting the transport block is the same as the second spatial transmission filter used for transmitting the reference signal indicated by the TCI state. The wireless device can transmit / transmit the transport block based on (e.g., using, utilizing) the same spatial transmission filter used for transmitting / transmitting the uplink reference signal (e.g., based on the reference signal being an uplink reference signal). The wireless device can transmit / transmit the transport block based on the second spatial transmission filter used for transmitting / transmitting the uplink reference signal (e.g., based on the reference signal being an uplink reference signal). Determining the spatial transmission filter based on the TCI state may include: determining a second spatial transmission filter used for transmitting / transmitting a reference signal indicated by the TCI state as the spatial transmission filter. Determining the spatial transmission filter based on the TCI state may also include: determining that the spatial transmission filter is the same as the second spatial transmission filter used for transmitting / transmitting the reference signal indicated by the TCI state.

[0301] Determining a spatial transmission filter based on the TCI state may include: identifying a spatial filter used for transmitting and / or receiving a reference signal indicated by the TCI state as the spatial transmission filter. Determining a spatial transmission filter based on the TCI state may also include: identifying the same spatial transmission filter as the spatial filter used for transmitting and / or receiving the reference signal indicated by the TCI state.

[0302] Determining a spatial transmission filter based on a reference signal indicated by the TCI state may include: determining a spatial filter used for transmitting and / or receiving the reference signal as the spatial transmission filter. Determining a spatial transmission filter based on a reference signal indicated by the TCI state may also include: determining a spatial transmission filter that is the same as the spatial filter used for transmitting and / or receiving the reference signal.

[0303] Determining a spatial transmission filter based on a reference signal indicated by a TCI state may include: at least one DM-RS port of a transport block (or a portion of a transport block, or at least one data layer / stream of a transport block) being quasi-co-located (QCL) with the reference signal indicated by the TCI state. Determining a spatial transmission filter based on a reference signal indicated by a TCI state may include: determining at least one DM-RS port of a transport block (or a portion of a transport block, or at least one data layer / stream of a transport block) with the reference signal QCL indicated by the TCI state. The at least one DM-RS port of the transport block may be with the reference signal QCL relative to a quasi-co-located type indicated by the TCI state (e.g., QCL type D).

[0304] A wireless device can determine (e.g., estimate, calculate) multiple transmit powers based on at least two TCI states. The wireless device can determine multiple transmit powers for transmitting a transport block. The wireless device can utilize / use multiple transmit powers to perform the transmission of a transport block. The wireless device can utilize / use multiple transmit powers to transmit / transmit a transport block (e.g., in...). Figure 19 and Figure 20 (At or after time T2 in the middle).

[0305] A wireless device can determine (e.g., estimate, calculate) a transmit power among multiple transmit powers based on TCI states in at least two TCI states. The wireless device can determine each transmit power among the multiple transmit powers based on corresponding TCI states in at least two TCI states. Determining multiple transmit powers based on at least two TCI states can include, for example, determining multiple transmit powers based on at least two reference signals indicated by at least two TCI states. The wireless device can determine each transmit power among the multiple transmit powers, for example, based on reference signals indicated by corresponding TCI states in at least two TCI states.

[0306] A wireless device may determine a first transmit power among a plurality of transmit powers, for example, based on a first TCI state (e.g., TCI state 8) of at least two TCI states. The wireless device may determine the first transmit power, for example, based on a first reference signal indicated by the first TCI state. The wireless device may utilize / use the first transmit power to transmit / transmit a transport block (or a first portion of a transport block, or one or more first data layers / streams of a transport block). The wireless device may determine a second transmit power among a plurality of transmit powers, for example, based on a second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 23) of at least two TCI states. The wireless device may determine the second transmit power, for example, based on a second reference signal indicated by the second TCI state. The wireless device may utilize / use the second transmit power to transmit / transmit a transport block (or a second portion of a transport block, or one or more second data layers / streams of a transport block). The at least two reference signals may include a first reference signal and a second reference signal.

[0307] Determining (e.g., estimating, calculating) multiple transmit powers based on at least two reference signals may include: determining (e.g., estimating, calculating) multiple downlink path loss estimates (or multiple path loss measurements) for the multiple transmit powers. Determining (e.g., estimating, calculating) the multiple downlink path loss estimates (or multiple path loss measurements) may be based on measurements associated with at least two reference signals (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP, or one or more higher filtered RSRP measurements). The wireless device may determine each of the multiple downlink path loss estimates based on one or more measurements associated with a corresponding reference signal among the at least two reference signals (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP, or one or more higher filtered RSRP measurements). The wireless device may use the multiple downlink path loss estimates to determine multiple transmit powers for transmitting a transport block. The multiple transmit powers may include multiple downlink path loss estimates. The wireless device can determine (e.g., calculate, estimate, measure) at least two filtered RSRP values ​​(e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP) for at least two reference signals used for multiple downlink path loss estimates. The wireless device can determine at least two filtered RSRP values ​​for transmission of a transport block.

[0308] Determining (e.g., estimating, calculating) a first transmit power based on a first reference signal may include: determining (e.g., estimating, calculating) a first downlink path loss estimate (or a first path loss measurement result) for the first transmit power. The first downlink path loss estimate for the first transmit power may be based on one or more measurements associated with the first reference signal (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP, or one or more higher filtered RSRP measurements). A wireless device may use the first downlink path loss estimate to determine a first transmit power for transmission of a transport block (or a first portion of the transport block, or one or more first data layers / streams of the transport block). The first transmit power may include (e.g., based on) the first downlink path loss estimate. A wireless device may determine (e.g., calculate, estimate, measure) a first filtered RSRP (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP) of the first reference signal used for the first downlink path loss estimate. A wireless device may determine a first filtered RSRP for transmission of the transport block. Multiple downlink path loss estimates may include the first downlink path loss estimate.

[0309] Determining (e.g., estimating, calculating) a second transmit power based on a second reference signal may include: determining (e.g., estimating, calculating) a second downlink path loss estimate (or a second path loss measurement result) for the second transmit power. The second downlink path loss estimate (or second path loss measurement result) for the second transmit power may be based on one or more measurements associated with the second reference signal (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP, or one or more higher filtered RSRP measurements). A wireless device may use the second downlink path loss estimate to determine a second transmit power for transmission of a transport block (or a second portion of the transport block, or one or more second data layers / streams of the transport block). The second transmit power may include (e.g., based on) the second downlink path loss estimate. A wireless device may determine (e.g., calculate, estimate, measure) a second filtered RSRP (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP) of the second reference signal used for the second downlink path loss estimate. A wireless device may determine a second filtered RSRP for transmission of the transport block. Multiple downlink path loss estimates may include the second downlink path loss estimate.

[0310] A wireless device can determine (e.g., estimate, calculate) the transmit power used for transmitting a transport block based on the TCI state. At least two TCI states can be included. Multiple transmit powers can be included. The TCI state can indicate a reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB / PBCH block, SRS, DM-RS). The TCI state can include a reference signal indicator / index / identifier (e.g., a reference signal indicator, reference signal identifier) ​​(e.g., provided by higher-layer parameters referenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId). One or more configuration parameters can indicate the reference signal indicator / index / identifier used for the reference signal. The wireless device can determine the transmit power based on the reference signal indicated by the TCI state. At least two reference signals can be included.

[0311] At least two reference signals indicated by at least two TCI states can be periodic. Each of the at least two reference signals can be periodic. Each of the at least two reference signals can be periodic, having a corresponding periodicity (e.g., 2 time slots, 5 time slots, 10 time slots, 2 symbols, 5 symbols, etc.). The wireless device can periodically perform measurements of the at least two reference signals (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP measurements) based on the periodicity of the at least two reference signals. The first reference signal of the at least two reference signals can be periodic, having a first periodicity. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the first periodicity. The second reference signal of the at least two reference signals can be periodic, having a second periodicity. One or more configuration parameters can indicate the second periodicity. The wireless device can periodically perform measurements of the first reference signal (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP measurements) based on the periodicity of the first reference signal. The wireless device can periodically perform measurements on the second reference signal (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP measurements) based on the fact that the second reference signal is periodic.

[0312] At least two (determined / selected) TCI states can indicate one or more QCL types. Each of the at least two TCI states can indicate a corresponding QCL type among the one or more QCL types. The first TCI state among the at least two TCI states can indicate a first QCL type used for a first reference signal. The second TCI state among the at least two TCI states can indicate a second QCL type used for a second reference signal. The first QCL type can be QCL type D (or any other QCL type). The second QCL type can be QCL type D (or any other QCL type). One or more QCL types can include both the first and second QCL types.

[0313] Figure 22 An exemplary uplink repetition scheme for transmission (e.g., a transport block) is illustrated. The repetition scheme can be based on TDM 2204, FDM 2208, or SDM 2212. For example, a transport block can be repeated across multiple transmission opportunities in the time domain based on TDM 2204. A transport block can be repeated across multiple transmission opportunities in the frequency domain based on FDM 2208. A transport block can be repeated across multiple transmission opportunities in the spatial domain based on SDM 2212. Each repetition of the transport block can be transmitted using a corresponding spatial transmission filter (e.g., based on TCI state 1, TCI state 2, etc.).

[0314] Wireless devices can transmit / transmit transport blocks via (e.g., across, through, in) multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities. Wireless devices can repeat transport blocks (e.g., as...) via (e.g., across, through, in) multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities. Figure 17 and Figure 19(As shown). Repeating of transport blocks can be in the time domain (e.g., TDM 2204). Repeating of transport blocks can be in the frequency domain (e.g., FDM 2208). Repeating of transport blocks can be in the code / spatial domain (e.g., SDM2212). The antenna port field can indicate one or more DM-RS ports within the CDM group used for transport blocks. The wireless device can transmit / transmit transport blocks using a first spatial transmission filter via (e.g., across, through, in) one or more first uplink signal / channel transmission times among multiple uplink signal / channel transmission times. The wireless device can transmit / transmit transport blocks using a second spatial transmission filter via (e.g., across, through, in) one or more second uplink signal / channel transmission times among multiple uplink signal / channel transmission times. The multiple spatial transmission filters can include a first spatial transmission filter and a second spatial transmission filter. The first spatial transmission filter can be based on a first TCI state (e.g., TCI state 1). The second spatial transmission can be based on a second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 2). One or more DM-RS ports may use a first reference signal QCL indicated by a first TCI state during one or more first uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities. One or more DM-RS ports may use a second reference signal QCL indicated by a second TCI state during one or more second uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities. At least two TCI states may include a first TCI state and a second TCI state. The wireless device may transmit / transmit a transport block using a first transmit power via (e.g., across, through, in) one or more first uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities. The wireless device may transmit / transmit a transport block using a second transmit power via (e.g., across, through, in) one or more second uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities. Multiple transmit powers may include a first transmit power and a second transmit power.

[0315] For example, relative to Figure 17 The wireless device can transmit a first repetition of a transport block using a first spatial transmission filter based on a first TCI state (TCI state 8) (via a first transmission timing 1720-1), a second repetition of a transport block using a second spatial transmission filter based on a second TCI state (TCI state 23) (via a second transmission timing 1720-2), a third repetition of a transport block using a first spatial transmission filter based on a first TCI state (TCI state 8) (via a third transmission timing 1720-3), and a fourth repetition of a transport block using a second spatial transmission filter based on a second TCI state (TCI state 23) (via a fourth transmission timing 1720-4). Similarly, relative to... Figure 19The wireless device may use a first spatial transmission filter based on a first TCI state (TCI state 8) (via a first transmission timing 1920-1) to transmit a first repetition of the transport block, a second spatial transmission filter based on a second TCI state (TCI state 23) (via a second transmission timing 1920-2) to transmit a second repetition of the transport block, a first spatial transmission filter based on a first TCI state (TCI state 8) (via a third transmission timing 1920-3) to transmit a third repetition of the transport block, and a second spatial transmission filter based on a second TCI state (TCI state 23) (via a fourth transmission timing 1920-4) to transmit a fourth repetition of the transport block.

[0316] Wireless devices can send / transmit transport blocks via uplink signal / channel transmission timing (e.g., such as...). Figure 18 and Figure 20 (As shown). The antenna port field may indicate DM-RS ports within at least two CDM groups. The wireless device may transmit / transmit a first portion of the transport block (or one or more first data layers / streams, or one or more first DM-RS ports) using / using a first spatial transmission filter via uplink signal / channel transmission timing. The wireless device may transmit / transmit a second portion of the transport block (or one or more second data layers / streams, or one or more second DM-RS ports) using / using a second spatial transmission filter via uplink signal / channel transmission timing. The transport block may include a first portion and a second portion. The transport block may include one or more first data layers / streams and one or more second data layers / streams. Multiple spatial transmission filters may include first spatial transmission filters and second spatial transmission filters. One or more first DM-RS ports of the transport block may be connected to a first reference signal QCL indicated by a first TCI state during uplink signal / channel transmission timing. One or more second DM-RS ports of the transport block may be connected to a second reference signal QCL indicated by a second TCI state during uplink signal / channel transmission timing. At least two TCI states may include a first TCI state and a second TCI state. The wireless device may transmit / transmit the first portion of the transport block using a first transmit power via uplink signal / channel transmission timing. The wireless device may transmit / transmit the second portion of the transport block using a second transmit power via uplink signal / channel transmission timing. Multiple transmit powers may include a first transmit power and a second transmit power.

[0317] One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple TCI states (e.g., TCI state 1, TCI state 2, ..., TCI state 128, etc., provided by the higher-level parameter tci-StatesToAddModList in PDSCH_Config, PUSCH_Config, or PUCCH_Config). Multiple TCI states can be used to receive (and / or decode) cell downlink transmissions (e.g., PDSCH transmissions) for the cell. One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple TCI states for decoding cell downlink BWPs / PDSCH transmissions for cell downlink BWPs. Multiple TCI states can be used for transmissions of cell uplink resources (e.g., PUSCH resources, PUCCH resources, SRS resources) / for that uplink resource / on that uplink resource / via that uplink resource and uplink signals (e.g., UCI, PUSCH transmissions, transport blocks, SR, CSI, HARQ-ACK). One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple TCI states for uplink resources used for the cell's uplink BWP, for that uplink resource, on that uplink resource, or via the transmission of uplink signals. Multiple uplink resources may include uplink resources.

[0318] One or more configuration parameters can indicate TCI state indicators / indices for multiple TCI states (e.g., provided by the higher-level parameter TCI-StateId). Each TCI state among the multiple TCI states can be identified / indicated by a corresponding TCI state indicator / index in the TCI state indicator / index. The first TCI state among the multiple TCI states can be indicated / identified by the first TCI state indicator / index in the TCI state indicator / index. The second TCI state among the multiple TCI states can be indicated / identified by the second TCI state indicator / index in the TCI state indicator / index.

[0319] Wireless devices can (for example, in) Figures 17 to 20 An activation command (e.g., activation / deactivation of TCI state for a wireless device-specific PDSCH MAC CE, activation / deactivation of TCI state for a wireless device-specific PUSCH MAC CE, etc.) is received at or after time T1. The activation command can activate (e.g., select, indicate, or update) at least one of multiple TCI states (e.g., Figure 21A and Figure 21BThe activation command may include one or more fields. One or more fields may indicate at least one TCI state indicator / index for at least one TCI state. A TCI state index may include at least one TCI state index. One or more fields may be set to a value (e.g., a) indicating the activation of at least one TCI state. The wireless device may activate at least one TCI state, for example, based on one or more fields indicating at least one TCI state being set to that value.

[0320] Wireless devices can map at least one TCI state to one or more TCI code points (e.g., such as...). Figure 21A and Figure 21B (As shown in 000, 001, 010, 011). Mapping at least one TCI state to one or more TCI code points may include: grouping at least one TCI state into / grouping it into one or more TCI code points. Each of the one or more TCI code points may include / indicate one or more TCI states in at least one TCI state. For example, as... Figure 21A and Figure 21B As shown, at least one TCI state may include TCI state 5, TCI state 8, TCI state 23, TCI state 4, TCI state 11, and TCI state 1. One or more TCI code points may include TCI code point 000, TCI code point 001, TCI code point 010, and TCI code point 011. TCI state 5 can be mapped to TCI code point 000; TCI state 8 and TCI state 23 can be mapped to TCI code point 001; TCI state 4 and TCI state 11 can be mapped to TCI code point 010; and TCI state 1 can be mapped to TCI code point 011. Each of the one or more TCI code points can be indicated by the value of the TCI field in the DCI. For example, the TCI field can be equal to 000 to indicate TCI code point 000, the TCI field can be equal to 001 to indicate TCI code point 001, and so on. The DCI can schedule transport blocks (e.g., corresponding to PDSCH transmission or PUSCH transmission). The TCI field in DCI can indicate (or be equal to) one or more TCI code points. A TCI code point can include / indicate one or more TCI states in at least one TCI state.

[0321] One or more TCI code points can indicate one or more (e.g., one or two) TCI states. For example, such as Figure 21A and Figure 21BAs shown, TCI code point 000 can indicate one TCI state (e.g., TCI state 5). TCI code point 011 can indicate one TCI state (e.g., TCI state 1). TCI code point 001 can indicate two TCI states (e.g., TCI state 8 and TCI state 23). TCI code point 010 can indicate two TCI states (e.g., TCI state 4 and TCI state 11).

[0322] One or more TCI code points (e.g., Figure 21A and Figure 21B The TCI code point 000 or TCI code point 011 in the code point may include / indicate a single TCI state (e.g., TCI state 5 or TCI state 1). At least one TCI state may include a single TCI state. The wireless device may map a single TCI state to a TCI code point.

[0323] One or more TCI code points (e.g., Figure 21A and Figure 21B The TCI code point 001 or TCI code point 010 can include / indicate at least two active TCI states (e.g., TCI state 8 and TCI state 23 in TCI code point 001 or TCI state 4 and TCI state 11 in TCI code point 010). At least one TCI state can include at least two active TCI states. The wireless device can map at least two active TCI states to TCI code points.

[0324] At least one TCI state may include a first TCI state and a second TCI state. The wireless device may map the first TCI state (e.g., TCI state 8) and the second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 23) to a TCI code point (e.g., 001) among one or more TCI code points. A TCI code point (e.g., TCI code point 001) may include / indicate at least two active TCI states. At least two active TCI states may include a first TCI state and a second TCI state.

[0325] One or more TCI code points (e.g., TCI code point 001 and TCI code point 010) may include / indicate at least two active TCI states. At least one identical TCI code point (e.g., TCI code point 001 and TCI code point 010) may include / indicate at least two active TCI states. At least one TCI state indicated by an activation command (e.g., active, updated, selected) may include the at least two active TCI states.

[0326] At least one TCI state may be applicable to / used for transmissions via the cell (e.g., PDSCH transmissions). At least one TCI state may be applicable to / used for PDSCH transmissions via the cell's active downlink BWP. The radio device may receive a DCI scheduled for PDSCH transmissions for the cell's active downlink BWP. The DCI may indicate one or more TCI states of at least one TCI state for receiving / decoding PDSCH transmissions. The TCI code point in one or more TCI code points may include the one or more TCI states. The TCI field in the DCI may indicate the TCI code point. The radio device may not receive (e.g., a DCI scheduled for PDSCH transmissions for the cell's active downlink BWP) that indicates a TCI state not in at least one TCI state. For example, if the DCI scheduled for PDSCH transmissions for the cell's active downlink BWP indicates one or more TCI states, the radio device may receive / decode PDSCH transmissions based on one or more TCI states of at least one TCI state for receiving / decoding PDSCH transmissions. Receiving / decoding PDSCH transmissions based on one or more TCI states may include: determining at least one DM-RS port of the PDSCH relative to one or more QCL types (e.g., QCL type D) indicated by one or more TCI states and one or more reference signal QCLs indicated by one or more TCI states. Receiving / decoding PDSCH transmissions based on one or more TCI states may include: at least one DM-RS port of the PDSCH relative to one or more QCL types (e.g., QCL type D) indicated by one or more TCI states and one or more reference signal QCLs indicated by one or more TCI states.

[0327] A radio device can receive a DCI that schedules PDSCH transmissions (or TB). The radio device can receive the DCI via a scheduled cell. The DCI can schedule PDSCH transmissions for the cell's active downlink BWP. The DCI can indicate one or more TCI states from at least one TCI state. The DCI may include a TCI field indicating one or more TCI states. The radio device can receive / decode PDSCH transmissions for the cell's active downlink BWP based on one or more TCI states (e.g., based on TCI fields indicating one or more TCI states). One or more TCI code points may include TCI code points. TCI code points may include one or more TCI states. The value of the TCI field in the DCI may be equal to the value associated with the TCI code point.

[0328] At least one TCI state can be applied to / used for uplink transmissions via the cell (e.g., PUSCH transmission, PUCCH transmission). At least one TCI state can be applied to / used for uplink transmissions in the cell's active uplink BWP. The radio device can receive a DCI scheduled for uplink transmissions in the cell's active uplink BWP. The DCI can indicate one or more TCI states among the at least one TCI state used for uplink transmission. The TCI code point in the one or more TCI code points can include the one or more TCI states. The TCI field in the DCI can indicate the TCI code point. The radio device may not receive a DCI scheduled for uplink transmissions in the cell's active uplink BWP that indicates a TCI state not among the at least one TCI state used for uplink transmission. For example, if the DCI scheduled for uplink transmissions in the cell's active uplink BWP indicates one or more TCI states, the radio device can perform uplink transmissions based on one or more TCI states among the at least one TCI state used for uplink transmission. Performing uplink transmission based on one or more TCI states may include: determining at least one DM-RS port for uplink transmission, the at least one DM-RS port for uplink transmission relative to one or more QCL types (e.g., QCL type D) indicated by one or more TCI states and one or more reference signal QCLs indicated by one or more TCI states. Performing uplink transmission based on one or more TCI states may include: at least one DM-RS port for uplink transmission relative to one or more QCL types (e.g., QCL type D) indicated by one or more TCI states and one or more reference signal QCLs indicated by one or more TCI states.

[0329] A radio device can receive a DCI that schedules uplink transmissions (e.g., PUSCH transmissions, PUCCH transmissions, TB). The radio device can receive the DCI via a scheduled cell. The DCI can schedule uplink transmissions for the cell's active uplink BWP. The DCI can indicate one or more TCI states from at least one TCI state. The DCI may include a TCI field indicating one or more TCI states. The radio device can perform uplink transmissions for the cell's active uplink BWP based on one or more TCI states (e.g., based on TCI fields indicating one or more TCI states). One or more TCI code points may include TCI code points. TCI code points may include one or more TCI states. The value of the TCI field in the DCI may be equal to the value of the TCI code point.

[0330] The wireless device can determine that at least one of one or more TCI code points (e.g., TCI code point 001 and TCI code point 010) indicates (e.g., includes, comprises) at least two active TCI states (e.g., TCI state 8 and TCI state 23 for TCI code point 001; TCI state 4 and TCI state 11 for TCI code point 010). At least one TCI state indicated by an activation command (e.g., active, updated, or selected) may include the at least two active TCI states.

[0331] The at least two active TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in at least one TCI code point may be different. For example, a TCI code point in at least one TCI code point may indicate (e.g., include, encompass) at least two active TCI states. The first TCI state and the second TCI state in the at least two active TCI states may be different.

[0332] The wireless device can determine / select a selected TCI code point among at least one TCI code point. The wireless device can determine / select a selected TCI code point among at least one TCI code point based on determining that at least one TCI code point indicates (e.g., includes, contains) at least two active TCI states.

[0333] A wireless device can determine / select a selected TCI code point from at least one TCI code point, for example, based on the fact that the selected TCI code point has / is the lowest (or highest) TCI code point among at least one TCI code points. For example, relative to... Figure 21A and Figure 21B At least one TCI code point may include a first TCI code point (TCI code point 001) and a second TCI code point (TCI code point 010). The wireless device may select the first TCI code point (TCI code point 001) as the selected TCI code point, for example, based on the fact that the first TCI code point (TCI code point 001) has / is a lower (or higher) TCI code point than the second TCI code point (TCI code point 010).

[0334] At least one TCI code point may indicate / include a second plurality of TCI states (e.g., TCI state 8, TCI state 23, TCI state 4, TCI state 11). The wireless device may determine / select a selected TCI code point among at least one TCI code point, for example, based on the selected TCI code point including / indicating the TCI state having the lowest (or highest) TCI state indicator / index among the second plurality of TCI state indicators / indices. At least one TCI state indicated by an activation command (e.g., selected, activated, or updated) may include the second plurality of TCI states. At least one TCI state indicator / index in at least one TCI state may include the second plurality of TCI state indicators / indexes. For example, relative to... Figure 21A and Figure 21B At least one TCI code point may include a first TCI code point (TCI code point 001) and a second TCI code point (TCI code point 010). A second plurality of TCI states may include TCI state 8, TCI state 23, TCI state 4, and TCI state 11. The wireless device may, for example, select the first TCI code point (TCI code point 010) as the selected TCI code point based on the fact that the first TCI state indicator / index of TCI state 8 in the first TCI code point (TCI code point 001) is lower (or higher) than the second TCI state indicator / index of TCI state 4 in the second TCI code point (TCI code point 001) and the third TCI state indicator / index of TCI state 11. The wireless device may select the second TCI code point (TCI code point 010) as the selected TCI code point, for example, based on the fact that the third TCI state indicator / index of TCI state 11 in the second TCI code point (TCI code point 010) is lower (or higher) than the first TCI state indicator / index of TCI state 8 and the second TCI state indicator / index of TCI state 23 in the first TCI code point (TCI code point 001).

[0335] The selected TCI code point can indicate at least two active TCI states. Relative to Figure 21A and Figure 21B For example, if the selected TCI code point is TCI code point 001, then at least two active TCI states can be TCI state 8 and TCI state 23. For example, if the selected TCI code point is TCI code point 010, then at least two active TCI states can be TCI state 4 and TCI state 11.

[0336] The at least two active TCI states indicated by the selected TCI code points may include a first TCI state and a second TCI state. The first TCI state among the at least two active TCI states may be a first element / component in a set / vector comprising the at least two active TCI states. The second TCI state among the at least two active TCI states may be a second element / component in a set / vector comprising the at least two active TCI states. For example, if the at least two active TCI states include TCI state 8 and TCI state 23, then the first TCI state may be TCI state 8 and the second TCI state may be TCI state 23. For example, if the at least two active TCI states include TCI state 4 and TCI state 11, then the first TCI state may be TCI state 4 and the second TCI state may be TCI state 11.

[0337] A wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states for transmission of a transport block based on selected TCI code points. The determined / selected at least two TCI states can be at least two active TCI states indicated by the selected TCI code points. (Relative to...) Figure 21A For example, if the selected TCI code point is TCI code point 001, then the (determined / selected) at least two TCI states can be TCI state 8 and TCI state 23. For example, if the selected TCI code point is TCI code point 010, then the (determined / selected) at least two TCI states can be TCI state 4 and TCI state 11.

[0338] The spatial settings for transmitting transport blocks can be the same as those for receiving PDSCH in at least two active TCI states. The at least two active TCI states can correspond to the lowest TCI code point among one or more TCI code points of two different TCI states (e.g., at least two active TCI states) on the active downlink BWP containing / including the cell, or can be indicated by the lowest TCI code point or can correspond to a selected TCI code point. Similarly, the spatial settings for transmitting transport blocks can be the same as those for transmitting PUSCH in at least two active TCI states. The at least two active TCI states can correspond to the lowest TCI code point among one or more TCI code points of two different TCI states (e.g., at least two active TCI states) on the active uplink BWP containing / including the cell, or can be indicated by the lowest TCI code point or can correspond to a selected TCI code point.

[0339] A wireless device can determine / calculate multiple transmit powers. To determine / calculate multiple transmit powers, the wireless device can determine at least two RS resource indicators / indices that provide at least two RS resources (e.g., with QCL type D) in at least two active TCI states. The at least two active TCI states may correspond to the lowest TCI code point among one or more TCI code points of two different TCI states (e.g., at least two active TCI states) on the active downlink BWP of the cell, or may be indicated by the lowest TCI code point or may correspond to a selected TCI code point.

[0340] The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states for transmission of a transport block. The wireless device can determine / select at least two TCI states based on the selected TCI code points and a first CORESET. The wireless device can determine / select the first TCI state based on the first CORESET (e.g., Figure 21B The first TCI state among at least two TCI states can be determined / selected based on the TCI state of the first CORESET (8) in the selected TCI code point. The first CORESET can be identified / indicated by a CORESET indicator / index that is the lowest among one or more CORESET indicator / indexes of one or more CORESETs. The first TCI state among at least two TCI states can be the first TCI state of the first CORESET identified / indicated by a CORESET indicator / index that is the lowest among one or more CORESET indicator / indexes of one or more CORESETs. The wireless device can determine / select the second TCI state among at least two TCI states based on the second TCI state among at least two active TCI states indicated by the selected TCI code point. The second TCI state among at least two TCI states can be the second TCI state among at least two active TCI states indicated by the selected TCI code point (e.g., Figure 21B (TCI state 23 in TCI code point 001). For example, the second TCI state among the at least two active TCI states indicated by the selected TCI code point can be the second element / component in a set / vector that includes the at least two TCI states indicated by the selected TCI code point.

[0341] The first spatial setting for transmission (e.g., for a transport block) can be the same as the spatial setting for reception (e.g., PDCCH reception) via a first CORESET having the lowest CORESET indicator / index. Based on a second TCI state corresponding to the lowest TCI code point (or corresponding to a selected TCI code point) among one or more TCI code points, the second spatial setting for transmission (e.g., for a transport block) can be the same as the spatial setting for reception (e.g., PDSCH reception). One or more TCI code points may include / contain two distinct TCI states (e.g., at least two active TCI states) on the cell's active downlink BWP.

[0342] The first spatial setting for transmission (e.g., for a transport block) can be the same as the spatial setting for transmission via a first CORESET having the lowest CORESET indicator / index (e.g., PDCCH transmission). Based on a second TCI state corresponding to the lowest TCI code point (or a selected TCI code point) among one or more TCI code points, the second spatial setting for transmission (e.g., for a transport block) can be the same as the spatial setting for reception (e.g., PUSCH reception). One or more TCI code points may include / contain two distinct TCI states (e.g., at least two active TCI states) on the cell's active uplink BWP.

[0343] The wireless device can determine multiple transmit powers. To determine the multiple transmit powers, the wireless device can determine a first RS resource indicator / index that provides a first RS resource (e.g., with QCL type D) in a first TCI state (or QCL assumption) with a first CORESET (e.g., having the lowest CORESET indicator / index). To determine the multiple transmit powers, the wireless device can determine a second RS resource indicator / index that provides a second RS resource (e.g., with QCL type D) in a second TCI state corresponding to the lowest TCI code point (or corresponding to a selected TCI code point) among one or more TCI code points. One or more TCI code points may include / contain two different TCI states (e.g., at least two active TCI states) on the cell's active downlink BWP.

[0344] The number of one or more cores can be greater than or equal to two. The wireless device can select / determine at least two cores from one or more cores. At least two cores (e.g., Figure 21CThe first and second cores in a core can be identified / indicated by at least two cores indicator / indexes from one or more cores indicator / indexes. Each core can be identified / indicated by a corresponding core indicator / index of at least two cores indicator / indexes. The at least two cores indexes can be the lowest (or highest) two cores indexes from one or more cores indexes. The at least two cores indexes can be identified / indicated by the lowest (or highest) at least two cores indexes from one or more cores indexes. The at least two cores indexes can be identified / indicated by the lowest (or highest) at least two cores indexes from one or more cores indexes. Selecting / determining at least two cores can include: selecting / determining at least two cores identified / indicated using the lowest at least two cores indexes from one or more cores indexes. Selecting / determining at least two cores may include: selecting / determining at least two cores identified / indicated using at least two of the lowest cores indexes from one or more cores indexes of one or more cores. A wireless device may select / determine at least two cores from one or more cores, for example, based on the fact that at least two cores indexes are the lowest (or highest) among one or more cores indexes of one or more cores. The quantity of at least two cores may be two (or any other quantity greater than two). One or more cores may include a first core, a second core, a third core, and a fourth core. One or more cores indexes may include the first core of the first core, the second core of the second core, the third core of the third core, and the fourth core of the fourth core. The first core index may be the lowest (or highest) of the first, second, third, and fourth cores indexes. The second CORESET index can be lower (higher) than the third and fourth CORESET indices.The wireless device may select / determine the first CORESET and the second CORESET as at least two CORESETs, for example, based on the first CORESET index and the second CORESET index being the lowest (highest) of the first CORESET index, the second CORESET index, the third CORESET index and the fourth CORESET index.

[0345] Wireless devices can be based on at least two active TCI states (e.g., such as...). Figure 21C The TCI state 8 of the first CORESET and the TCI state 23 of the second CORESET (shown) are used to monitor the downlink control channel for DCI in at least two CORESETs. The wireless device can monitor the downlink control channel for DCI in each of the at least two CORESETs, for example, based on the corresponding TCI state among the at least two active TCI states. Monitoring the downlink control channel for DCI in at least two CORESETs based on the at least two active TCI states may include: the DM-RS antenna port of the downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) in the at least two CORESETs being quasi-co-located with at least two reference signals indicated by the at least two active TCI states. The corresponding DM-RS antenna port in (or associated with) each of the at least two CORESETs may be quasi-co-located with a reference signal among the at least two reference signals indicated by the corresponding TCI state among the at least two active TCI states. The wireless device can monitor the downlink control channel for DCI in each of the at least two active TCI states based on the first TCI state (e.g., ... Figure 21C In TCI state 8), to in the first CORESET of at least two CORESETs (e.g., Figure 21C Monitoring the downlink control channel used for DCI in the first CORESET. Monitoring the downlink control channel in the first CORESET based on the first TCI state may include: one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) in the first CORESET being quasi-co-located with a first reference signal quasi-co-located relative to the first reference signal quasi-co-located type indicated by the first TCI state. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports may be quasi-co-located with the first reference signal quasi-co-located relative to the first reference signal quasi-co-located type indicated by the first TCI state. The wireless device may monitor the second TCI state (e.g., PDCCH) in at least two active TCI states. Figure 21C TCI state 23), to in the second CORESET of at least two CORESETs (e.g., Figure 21CMonitoring the downlink control channel used for DCI in the second CORESET. Monitoring the downlink control channel in the second CORESET based on the second TCI state may include: one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) in the second CORESET being quasi-co-located with a second reference signal indicated by the second TCI state. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports may be quasi-co-located with the second reference signal relative to the second quasi-co-location type indicated by the second TCI state. At least two reference signals may include a first reference signal and a second reference signal.

[0346] One or more configuration parameters can indicate at least two active TCI states for at least two CORESETs (e.g., provided by the higher-level parameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList). One or more configuration parameters can indicate each TCI state for a given CORESET among the at least two active TCI states. One or more configuration parameters can indicate a first TCI state for a first CORESET. One or more configuration parameters can indicate a second TCI state for a second CORESET.

[0347] Wireless devices can (for example, in) Figures 17 to 20At time T1 or later, one or more activation commands (e.g., TCI state indication for a wireless device-specific PDCCH MAC CE) are received, which activate (e.g., select, indicate, or update) at least two active TCI states for at least two CORESETs. Each of the one or more activation commands can activate (e.g., select, indicate, or update) each TCI state for a corresponding CORESET among the at least two active TCI states. A first activation command among the one or more activation commands can activate a first TCI state for a first CORESET. One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple TCI states for the first CORESET (e.g., provided by the higher-level parameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList). The first activation command can activate the first TCI state for the first CORESET among the multiple TCI states. A second activation command among the one or more activation commands can activate a second TCI state for a second CORESET. One or more configuration parameters can indicate multiple TCI states for the second CORESET (e.g., provided by the higher-level parameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList). The second activation command can activate a second TCI state among multiple TCI states used for the second CORESET. The first activation command and the second activation command can be the same or different. The wireless device can receive the first activation command and the second activation command simultaneously (e.g., concurrently) or at different times.

[0348] A wireless device can, for example, determine / select at least two TCI states for transmitting a transport block based on at least two CORESETs. The determined / selected at least two TCI states can be at least two active TCI states indicated by at least two CORESETs. The determined / selected at least two TCI states can be at least two active TCI states of at least two CORESETs. The determined / selected at least two TCI states can be at least two active TCI states for at least two CORESETs activated by one or more activation commands (e.g., indicating, updating, or selecting). The determined / selected at least two TCI states can be at least two active TCI states for at least two CORESETs indicated by one or more configuration parameters. The determined / selected at least two TCI states can be at least two active TCI states for monitoring the downlink control channel in at least two CORESETs. Figure 21C As shown, for example, if at least two CORESETs are the first CORESET and the second CORESET, then the (determined / selected) at least two TCI states can be TCI state 8 and TCI state 23.

[0349] The spatial settings for transmitting a transport block can be the same as those for receiving via at least two CORESETs (e.g., PDCCH reception).

[0350] The first spatial setting can be the first TCI state. The second spatial setting can be the second TCI state. Spatial settings can include both the first spatial setting and the second spatial setting.

[0351] A wireless device can determine multiple transmit powers. To determine multiple transmit powers, the wireless device can determine at least two RS resource indicators / indices that provide RS resources (e.g., with QCL type D) in at least two active TCI states (or at least two QCL assumptions) of at least two CORESETs (e.g., the two lowest (or highest) CORESET indices on the active downlink BWP of the cell).

[0352] The amount of repetition can be used for repetition of transport blocks via uplink resources (e.g., PUCCH resources, SRS resources, PUSCH resources). The amount of repetition can indicate multiple uplink signal / channel transmission timings (e.g., PUSCH transmission timing, PUCCH transmission timing) used for the transmission / repetition of a transport block. The amount of multiple uplink signal / channel transmission timings can be equal to the amount of repetition.

[0353] Wireless devices can transmit via (e.g., across, through, in) multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities, utilizing / using multiple spatial transmission filters (e.g., in...). Figure 17 The transport block is transmitted / transmitted at or after time T2. The wireless device can utilize / use multiple spatial transmission filters to transmit the transport block across multiple uplink signal / channel transmission times. The wireless device can transmit the transport block via one or more corresponding uplink signal / channel transmission times, utilizing / using each of the multiple spatial transmission filters. The wireless device can transmit the transport block at each of the multiple uplink signal / channel transmission times, utilizing / using the corresponding spatial transmission filter among the multiple spatial transmission filters.

[0354] Wireless devices can transmit via (e.g., across, through, in) multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities, utilizing / using multiple transmit powers (e.g., in) Figure 19The transport block is transmitted / transmitted at or after time T2. The wireless device can utilize / use multiple transmit powers across multiple uplink signal / channel transmission times to transmit the transport block. The wireless device can transmit the transport block via one or more corresponding uplink signal / channel transmission times, utilizing / using each transmit power span among the multiple uplink signal / channel transmission times. The wireless device can transmit the transport block within each of the multiple uplink signal / channel transmission times, utilizing / using the corresponding transmit power span among the multiple transmit powers.

[0355] Repeating of transport blocks can occur within time units (e.g., time-division multiplexing). Time units may or may not be consecutive and / or continuous. The amount of time units can be equal to the amount of repetition. Time units can be time slots, micro-slots, time symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols), or subframes, etc. Multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities can occur within / within a time unit. For example, the first uplink signal / channel transmission opportunity among multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities can occur within / within a first time unit of a time unit; the second uplink signal / channel transmission opportunity among multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities can occur within / within a second time unit of a time unit, etc.

[0356] Repetition of transport blocks can occur within / in a frequency unit (e.g., by frequency division multiplexing). Frequency units may or may not be consecutive and / or continuous. The amount of frequency units can be equal to the amount of repetition. A frequency unit can be a frequency band, a physical resource block (PRB), a block wedge (BWP), a cell, etc. Multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities can occur within / in a frequency unit. For example, the first uplink signal / channel transmission opportunity among multiple uplink signal / channel transmission opportunities can occur in / in a first frequency unit within a frequency unit; the second uplink signal / channel transmission opportunity among multiple uplink signal / channel transmi...

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, the method comprising: The wireless device receives a message associated with a configured uplink grant, wherein the message includes: The first probe reference signal SRS resource indicator (SRI) field indicates the first SRS resource of the first SRS resource set; and The second SRI field indicates a second SRS resource that is different from the first SRS resource set. Based on the first SRI field, transmit at least one first repetition of the transport block associated with the configured uplink grant; and At least one second repetition of the transport block is transmitted based on the second SRI field.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one first repetition of transmitting the transmission block comprises: The at least one first repetition of the transport block is transmitted using a first spatial transmission filter associated with a first spatial relationship of the first SRS resource, and wherein transmitting the at least one second repetition of the transport block comprises: transmitting the at least one second repetition of the transport block using a second spatial transmission filter associated with a second spatial relationship of the second SRS resource.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive at least one configuration parameter for the cell, wherein the at least one configuration parameter indicates: The first SRS resource set; as well as The second SRS resource set.

4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: The first spatial transmission filter for transmitting the transport block is determined based on the first SRS resource; as well as The second spatial transmission filter for the transmission block is determined based on the second SRS resource.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: Determining the first spatial transmission filter includes: determining the first spatial transmission filter based on a first reference signal indicated by the first spatial relationship of the first SRS resource; and The determination of the second spatial transmission filter includes: determining the second spatial transmission filter based on a second reference signal indicated by the second spatial relationship of the second SRS resource.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one first repetition of transmitting the transmission block comprises: The at least one first repetition of the transport block is transmitted using a first transmit power based on the first SRS resource, and wherein transmitting the at least one second repetition of the transport block includes transmitting the at least one second repetition of the transport block using a second transmit power based on the second SRS resource.

7. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: Receive an activation command, the activation command indicating the first spatial relationship associated with the first spatial transmission filter for the first SRS resource, and indicating the second spatial relationship associated with the second spatial transmission filter for the second SRS resource.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one first repetition of transmitting the transmission block comprises: The at least one first repetition of the transport block is transmitted using a first spatial transmission filter associated with a first default transmission configuration indicating TCI state, and wherein transmitting the at least one second repetition of the transport block comprises transmitting the at least one second repetition of the transport block using a second spatial transmission filter associated with a second default TCI state.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one first repetition of transmitting the transmission block comprises: The transmission of at least one first repetition of the transport block is performed using a first transmit power based on the first default TCI state, and the transmission of at least one second repetition of the transport block includes: transmitting at least one second repetition of the transport block using a second transmit power based on the second default TCI state.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one first repetition of the transport block is transmitted using the first spatial transmission filter associated with the first default TCI state and the at least one second repetition of the transport block is transmitted using the second spatial transmission filter associated with the second default TCI state based on: the first SRS resource is not associated with a spatial relation and the second SRS resource is not associated with a spatial relation.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The transmission of the at least one first repetition of the transport block includes: transmitting at least one first Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission during at least one first transmission timing; and The at least one second repetition of transmitting the transport block includes transmitting at least one second PUSCH transmission during at least one second transmission timing different from the at least one first transmission timing.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the configured uplink authorization is type 1 configured uplink authorization.

13. A wireless device, comprising: One or more processors; as well as A memory that stores instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A wireless communication system, the system comprising: A wireless device configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12; as well as A base station configured to send the message associated with the configured uplink grant.

15. A computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 to be performed.

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