Laser cutting and welding integrated processing method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of industrial processing, in particular to a laser cutting and welding integrated processing method in the same station, in order to achieve the final purpose of high-precision gap features formed by the coordinated cooperation of two to-be-welded sheet parts, the present application abandons the principle of independent manufacturing and adopts the concept of coordinated manufacturing according to the basic attribute of the coordinated cooperation. Through a fixture integrating laser cutting and laser welding, the laser head completes the laser cutting of the two parts through almost the same motion trajectory under the same positioning reference and the same station, and further completes the laser welding processing; the present application adopts the concept of coordinated manufacturing, and through the same fixture, the same reference, the same positioning and the same trajectory, the high-precision requirement of the gap of the sheet part before laser welding is met, thereby eliminating the problems of large accumulation of processing errors, high requirement of personnel skill level, large amount of labor and even product scrapping caused by independent manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting and laser welding manufacturing of thin sheet parts, specifically an integrated processing method for laser cutting and welding at the same workstation. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the high-speed and stealth performance requirements of modern aircraft, the skin gaps on the outer surface of the aircraft need to be precisely aligned with minimal clearance, requiring high-precision edge processing. For skin-like parts with increasingly complex edges and larger dimensions, common edge processing methods for thin-plate parts, such as high-speed band saws, rolling shears, and vibratory shears, are no longer sufficient to meet their edge precision requirements. Extensive grinding and filing are often necessary to ensure the assembly accuracy of the skin-like parts' edges. Laser cutting, with its advantages of high precision, narrow kerf, high surface roughness, and high cutting speed, is gaining increasing market share and is gradually becoming the preferred choice for edge processing of skin-like parts.

[0003] At the same time, laser welding, with its advantages of fast welding speed, large depth, small welding deformation, and the ability to weld hard-to-reach parts and perform non-contact long-distance welding, has gradually replaced argon arc welding, which has a large welding speed, large heat input, and large deformation, and riveting process, which is somewhat destructive to parts and increases the weight of aircraft, and has become the main method of skin connection.

[0004] However, due to the small diameter of the laser spot, the small heat-affected area, and the poor bridging properties, laser welding requires very high precision in the repair of the weld seam of the parts before welding. The gap width cannot exceed 0.1mm; otherwise, too much laser light will pass through the gap, resulting in excessive energy loss and making welding impossible.

[0005] With the rise of digital manufacturing, the principle of independent manufacturing has been applied to every stage of aircraft manufacturing, including the manufacturing of skin-like parts that require laser welding. Currently, after the skin-like parts are formed, the edge allowance is removed using laser cutting technology according to the processing standards for the skin edges. However, due to the relatively insufficient rigidity of thin sheet products, the accumulation of positioning reference errors, and the cumulative cutting errors of equipment, the actual edge of the part may differ from the theoretical edge by ±0.3mm, which is already considered very precise processing. Therefore, the maximum gap between two parts to be laser welded can reach 0.6mm or overlap by 0.6mm, requiring extensive grinding and filing to meet the requirement of a gap no larger than 0.1mm, or even resulting in scrapping. Clearly, using laser cutting to process the skin edges according to the principle of independent manufacturing for skin-like parts to be laser welded is no longer sufficient to meet the high-precision gap requirements of laser welding. This not only requires highly skilled personnel but also increases the workload and processing time. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an integrated processing method for laser cutting and welding at the same workstation.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A laser cutting and welding integrated processing device includes a large groove, with several positioning lugs fixedly connected to the outside of the large groove. Each positioning lug has a positioning hole. A protective copper block is provided inside the large groove, with a groove on the top of the protective copper block. A vent pipe is provided inside the groove, with several round holes on the vent pipe. A weld is provided on the top of the protective copper block, with straight lines on both sides of the weld and a weld line on the weld. The protective copper block is cut to form a theoretical cutting trajectory, a first part cutting trajectory, and a second part cutting trajectory.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protective copper block is embedded in the inner cavity of the large groove.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the large groove coincides with the center line projection of the protective copper block.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between one side of the inner wall of the large groove and the weld is 15~30mm.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of circular holes are evenly distributed.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between two adjacent circular holes is set to 10~15mm, and the opening of the circular hole faces the bottom of the groove.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the groove is 5-10 mm and the depth of the groove is 10-20 mm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protective copper block is arranged in a U-shape.

[0016] Laser cutting and welding integrated processing method in the same station:

[0017] S1: First, place the fixture on the table of the laser equipment and fix it. When cutting the first thin plate part, remove the protective copper block and place the thin plate part on the upper surface of the fixture to align with the profile.

[0018] S2: Insert three locating pins into the locating holes already made on the part to fix the part, and at the same time press the part. Based on the theoretical cutting trajectory, offset the cutting path away from the part by 1 / 2 kerf width to determine the cutting trajectory of the first part. Adjust the cutting parameters to complete the cutting of the first part. When cutting the second thin plate part, other conditions remain unchanged. Only remove the first part and place the second thin plate part on the upper surface of the fixture to align with the profile. Insert three locating pins into the locating holes already made on the part to fix the part, and at the same time press the part. Based on the theoretical cutting trajectory, offset the cutting path away from the part by 1 / 2 kerf width to determine the cutting trajectory of the second part. Adjust the cutting parameters to complete the cutting of the second part. If the amount of burrs and heat-affected zone to be removed after laser cutting is considered, the offset of the cutting trajectory can be increased when cutting part one and part two to leave sufficient machining allowance.

[0019] S3: When performing laser welding, with other conditions unchanged, install the protective copper block and the two parts that have been cut. The remaining edges of the two parts are the theoretical position line of the weld. Seamlessly connect them, replace the laser head, adjust the welding parameters, and complete the laser welding of the components.

[0020] This invention provides an integrated laser cutting and welding process that combines laser cutting and welding in the same workstation, offering the following advantages:

[0021] To achieve the ultimate goal of creating a high-precision gap feature by coordinating the fit between two thin-plate parts to be welded, this invention, based on the fundamental attribute of coordination, abandons the principle of independent manufacturing and adopts the concept of coordinated manufacturing. Using a fixture integrating laser cutting and laser welding, under the same positioning reference and at the same workstation, the laser head completes the laser cutting of the two parts through almost identical movement trajectories, further facilitating laser welding.

[0022] This invention adopts the concept of coordinated manufacturing, using the same fixture, the same benchmark, the same positioning, and the same trajectory to meet the high precision requirements of the gaps in thin plate parts before laser welding, thereby eliminating the problems of large accumulation of processing errors, high skill requirements of personnel, large workload, and even product scrap caused by independent manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a positioning diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the copper block protected by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting trajectory of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Positioning ear; 2. Positioning hole; 3. Weld seam; 4. Straight line; 5. Protective copper block; 6. Groove; 7. Vent pipe; 8. Round hole; 9. Large groove; 10. Weld seam line; 11. Theoretical cutting trajectory; 12. Cutting trajectory of the first part; 13. Cutting trajectory of the second part. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] Example: Figure 1-3 As shown, the integrated laser cutting and welding processing device includes a large groove 9. Several positioning lugs 1 are fixedly connected to the outside of the large groove 9. Each of the positioning lugs 1 has a positioning hole 2. A protective copper block 5 is provided in the inner cavity of the large groove 9. A groove 6 is provided on the top of the protective copper block 5. The protective copper block 5 is arranged in a U-shape. A vent pipe 7 is provided in the inner cavity of the groove 6. Several round holes 8 are provided on the vent pipe 7. The round holes 8 are evenly distributed. A weld 3 is provided on the top of the protective copper block 5. Straight lines 4 are provided on both sides of the weld 3. A weld line 10 is provided on the weld 3. The protective copper block 5 forms a theoretical cutting trajectory 11, a first part cutting trajectory 12, and a second part cutting trajectory 13 through cutting.

[0030] Among them, the protective copper block 5 is embedded in the inner cavity of the large groove 9;

[0031] In this embodiment, this arrangement facilitates the removal of the protective copper block 5.

[0032] Among them, the projection of the large groove 9 coincides with the center line of the protective copper block 5;

[0033] In this embodiment, this arrangement allows the protective copper block 5 to be flexibly installed and removed within the large groove 9.

[0034] The distance between one side of the inner wall of the large groove 9 and the weld 3 is 15~30mm;

[0035] In this embodiment, this setting ensures that while the protective copper block 5 is installed, the distance between the inner wall and the cutting edge of the part does not exceed 30mm, so as to ensure sufficient rigidity of the suspended part of the thin plate part.

[0036] The spacing between two adjacent circular holes 8 is set to 10~15mm, and the opening of the circular hole 8 faces the bottom of the groove 6;

[0037] In this embodiment, this arrangement allows the inert gas connected to both ends of the vent pipe 7 to enter the interior of the groove 6, effectively preventing oxidation of the welded parts.

[0038] The groove 6 has a width of 5-10mm and a depth of 10-20mm.

[0039] In this embodiment, this arrangement prevents the vent pipe 7 from warping and coming into contact with the weld pool during the welding process, thus avoiding welding defects.

[0040] Laser cutting and welding integrated processing method in the same station:

[0041] S1: First, place the fixture on the table of the laser equipment and fix it. When cutting the first thin plate part, remove the protective copper block 5 and place the thin plate part on the upper surface of the fixture to align with the profile.

[0042] S2: Insert three locating pins into the locating holes already made on the part to fix the part, and at the same time press the part. Based on the theoretical cutting trajectory 11, offset the cutting width by 1 / 2 away from the part to complete the determination of the first part cutting trajectory 12. Adjust the cutting parameters to complete the cutting of the first part. When cutting the second thin plate part, other conditions remain unchanged. Only remove the first part mentioned above. Place the second thin plate part on the upper surface of the fixture and align it with the profile. Insert three locating pins into the locating holes already made on the part to fix the part, and at the same time press the part. Based on the theoretical cutting trajectory 11, offset the cutting width by 1 / 2 away from the part to complete the determination of the second part cutting trajectory 13. Adjust the cutting parameters to complete the cutting of the second part. If the amount of burrs and heat-affected zone removal after laser cutting is considered, the offset of the cutting trajectory can be increased when cutting part one and part two to leave sufficient machining allowance.

[0043] S3: When performing laser welding, with other conditions unchanged, install the protective copper block 5, and at the same time install the two parts that have been cut. The remaining edge of the first part is the theoretical position line of the weld. Seamlessly connect, replace the laser head, adjust the welding parameters, and complete the laser welding of the component.

[0044] Working principle: In use, first place and fix the fixture on the laser equipment table. When cutting the first thin plate part, remove the protective copper block 5, place the thin plate part on the upper surface of the fixture and align it with the molded surface. Insert the three locating pins into the locating holes already made on the part to fix it and simultaneously press the part. Offset the cutting trajectory 12 of the theoretical cutting trajectory 11 away from the part by 1 / 2 the kerf width to determine the cutting trajectory 12 of the first part. Adjust the cutting parameters to complete the cutting of the first part. When cutting the second thin plate part, keep other conditions unchanged, only remove the first part, place the second thin plate part on the upper surface of the fixture and align it with the molded surface, insert the three locating pins... The pre-drilled positioning holes on the parts fix the parts and simultaneously press them together. Based on the theoretical cutting trajectory 11, offset the cutting width by 1 / 2 in the direction away from the parts to determine the cutting trajectory 13 of the second part. Adjust the cutting parameters to complete the cutting of the second part. If the amount of burrs and heat-affected zone removal after laser cutting is considered, the offset of the cutting trajectory can be increased when cutting parts one and two to leave sufficient processing allowance. When performing laser welding, with other conditions unchanged, install the protective copper block 5 and install the two parts that have been cut. The remaining edges of the two parts are the theoretical position line of the weld. Seamlessly connect them, replace the laser head, adjust the welding parameters, and complete the laser welding of the assembly.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "vertical," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting and welding integrated processing device, including a large groove (9), characterized in that, Several positioning lugs (1) are fixedly connected to the outside of the large groove (9). Each of the positioning lugs (1) has a positioning hole (2). A protective copper block (5) is provided in the inner cavity of the large groove (9). A groove (6) is provided on the top of the protective copper block (5). A vent pipe (7) is provided in the inner cavity of the groove (6). Several round holes (8) are provided on the vent pipe (7). A weld (3) is provided on the top of the protective copper block (5). Straight lines (4) are provided on both the left and right sides of the weld (3). A weld line (10) is provided on the weld (3). The protective copper block (5) is cut to form a theoretical cutting trajectory (11), a first part cutting trajectory (12), and a second part cutting trajectory (13).

2. The integrated laser cutting and welding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective copper block (5) is embedded in the inner cavity of the large groove (9).

3. The integrated laser cutting and welding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large groove (9) coincides with the center line projection of the protective copper block (5).

4. The integrated laser cutting and welding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between one side of the inner wall of the large groove (9) and the weld (3) is 15~30mm.

5. The integrated laser cutting and welding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several of the circular holes (8) are evenly distributed.

6. The integrated laser cutting and welding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent circular holes (8) is set to 10~15mm, and the opening of the circular hole (8) faces the bottom of the groove (6).

7. The integrated laser cutting and welding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groove (6) has a width of 5~10mm and a depth of 10~20mm.

8. The integrated laser cutting and welding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective copper block (5) is arranged in a concave shape.

9. The processing method of the integrated laser cutting and welding processing device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: S1: First, place the fixture on the table of the laser equipment and fix it. When cutting the first thin plate part, remove the protective copper block (5) and place the thin plate part on the upper surface of the fixture to align with the profile. S2: Insert three positioning pins into the positioning holes already made on the part to fix the part, and at the same time press the part. On the basis of the theoretical cutting trajectory (11), offset 1 / 2 of the kerf width away from the part to complete the determination of the cutting trajectory of the first part (12). Adjust the cutting parameters to complete the cutting of the first part. When cutting the second thin plate part, other conditions remain unchanged. Only remove the first part mentioned above, place the second thin plate part on the upper surface of the fixture and align it with the profile. Insert three positioning pins into the positioning holes already made on the part to fix the part, and at the same time press the part. On the basis of the theoretical cutting trajectory (11), offset 1 / 2 of the kerf width away from the part to complete the determination of the cutting trajectory of the second part (13). Adjust the cutting parameters to complete the cutting of the second part. If the amount of burrs and heat-affected zone removed after laser cutting is considered, the offset of the cutting trajectory can be increased when cutting part one and part two to leave sufficient machining allowance. S3: When performing laser welding, with other conditions unchanged, install the protective copper block (5), and at the same time install the two parts that have been cut. The remaining edges of the two parts are the theoretical position line of the weld. Seamlessly connect them, replace the laser head, adjust the welding parameters, and complete the laser welding of the components.

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