Electric vehicle thermal management system

Abstract

The present invention provides an electric vehicle thermal management system in the technical field of electric vehicle thermal management, which includes a refrigerant circuit and a coolant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, an external heat exchanger, a first heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, an in-vehicle condenser, and an evaporator. Among them, the compressor is connected to the external heat exchanger, the external heat exchanger is connected to the evaporator, the evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor; or the compressor is connected to the external heat exchanger, the external heat exchanger is connected to the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor. Through the operation mode of the system, the present invention can meet the scenario applications of heating, cooling, dehumidifying, and defrosting of the passenger compartment of an electric vehicle, cooling of the motor and its control unit, and cooling and heating of the battery. The heat pump technology adopted can not only absorb the heat in the environment to heat the passenger compartment, but also absorb the waste heat of the motor and its control unit and the heat stored in the battery to heat the passenger compartment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle thermal management, and specifically, to an electric vehicle thermal management system. Background Art

[0002] The electric vehicle thermal management system mainly includes an occupant compartment refrigeration system, an occupant compartment heating system, a motor and electric drive cooling system, and a battery temperature control system. There are currently two major problems with the electric vehicle thermal management system: (1) In winter, the energy consumption of cabin heating restricts the driving range of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to study energy-saving solutions such as how to efficiently heat in low-temperature environments and comprehensively and effectively recover the waste heat of the motor and its control unit and the battery to heat the cabin; (2) Due to the characteristics of the refrigerant, the use of air source heat pumps is restricted in ultra-low temperature environments. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to still provide a comfortable thermal environment for the cabin in ultra-low temperature environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle thermal management system.

[0004] An electric vehicle thermal management system according to the present invention includes a refrigerant circuit and a coolant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, a first heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, an in-vehicle condenser, and an evaporator;

[0005] The compressor is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger, the outdoor heat exchanger is connected to the evaporator, the evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0006] The compressor is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger, the outdoor heat exchanger is connected to the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0007] The compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser, the in-vehicle condenser is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger, the outdoor heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0008] The compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser, the in-vehicle condenser is connected to the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0009] The compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser, the in-vehicle condenser is connected to the evaporator, the evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0010] An air heater is provided on the in-vehicle condenser, a blower is provided on the evaporator, and a temperature damper is provided between the in-vehicle condenser and the evaporator.

[0011] The coolant drive circuit includes a low-temperature radiator, a first water pump, a water heater, a battery, a second water pump, a motor control unit, and a motor;

[0012] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit, the battery water circuit is connected to the second water pump, the second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit, the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the low-temperature radiator, the low-temperature radiator is connected to the first water pump, the first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger;

[0013] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit, the battery water circuit is connected to the first water pump, the first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger;

[0014] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit, the battery water circuit is connected to the second water pump, the second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit, the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the first water pump, the first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger.

[0015] In some embodiments, in the occupant compartment refrigeration and motor battery cooling modes, the compressor is connected to the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger through a first solenoid valve, an out-of-vehicle cooling fan is provided on the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger, the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger is connected to the evaporator through a first throttling mechanism and a third throttling mechanism, the blower is provided on the evaporator, the evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0016] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit, and is arranged to communicate through the A3 port and the A4 port of the four-way water valve, the A1 port is disconnected from the A4 port, and the A2 port is disconnected from the A3 port. The battery water circuit is connected to the second water pump, a second expansion water tank is provided on the second water pump, the second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit, and the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the low-temperature radiator through a three-way water valve;

[0017] By arranging the A1 port and the A2 port of the four-way water valve to communicate with each other, the low-temperature radiator is connected to the first water pump, a first expansion water tank is provided on the first water pump, the first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger.

[0018] In some embodiments, in the occupant compartment refrigeration, battery refrigeration, and motor cooling modes, the compressor is connected to the external heat exchanger through the first solenoid valve. An external cooling fan is provided on the external heat exchanger. The external heat exchanger is connected to the first heat exchanger through a first throttling mechanism and a second throttling mechanism. The first heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0019] The compressor is connected to the external heat exchanger through the first solenoid valve. An external cooling fan is provided on the external heat exchanger. The external heat exchanger is connected to the evaporator through the first throttling mechanism and a third throttling mechanism. A blower is provided on the evaporator. The evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0020] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit, and is arranged to communicate through the A1 port and the A4 port on the four-way water valve. The A1 port and the A2 port are arranged to be disconnected. The A3 port and the A4 port are arranged to be disconnected. The battery water circuit is connected to the first water pump. A first expansion water tank is provided on the first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger;

[0021] By arranging the A2 port and the A3 port on the four-way water valve to communicate, the low-temperature radiator is connected to the second water pump. A second expansion water tank is provided on the second water pump. The second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit. The motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the low-temperature radiator through the three-way water valve.

[0022] In some embodiments, in the battery refrigeration and motor cooling modes, the compressor is connected to the external heat exchanger through the first solenoid valve. An external cooling fan is provided on the external heat exchanger. The external heat exchanger is connected to the first heat exchanger through the first throttling mechanism and the second throttling mechanism. The first heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0023] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit, and is arranged to communicate through the A1 port and the A4 port on the four-way water valve. The A1 port and the A2 port are arranged to be disconnected. The A3 port and the A4 port are arranged to be disconnected. The battery water circuit is connected to the first water pump. A first expansion water tank is provided on the first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger;

[0024] The A2 valve port and the A3 valve port on the four-way water valve are communicated with each other. The low-temperature radiator is connected to the second water pump. The second expansion water tank is arranged on the second water pump. The second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit. The motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the low-temperature radiator through the three-way water valve.

[0025] In some embodiments, in the mode of heating the passenger compartment by the air source heat pump of the vehicle and heating the battery with the waste heat of the motor, the compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser through the second electromagnetic valve. The air heater is arranged on the in-vehicle condenser. The in-vehicle condenser is connected to the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger through the first one-way valve and the first throttling mechanism. The out-of-vehicle heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator through the second one-way valve and the third electromagnetic valve. The gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0026] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit. The A3 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve are communicated with each other. The A1 valve port and the A4 valve port are disconnected. The A2 valve port and the A3 valve port are disconnected. The battery water circuit is connected to the second water pump. The second expansion water tank is arranged on the second water pump. The second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit;

[0027] The A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve are communicated with each other. The motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the first water pump through the three-way water valve. The first expansion water tank is arranged on the first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water heater. The water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger.

[0028] In some embodiments, in the mode of heating the passenger compartment by the air source heat pump of the vehicle and heating the battery with the water heater, the compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser through the second electromagnetic valve. The air heater is arranged on the in-vehicle condenser. The in-vehicle condenser is connected to the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger through the first one-way valve and the first throttling mechanism. The out-of-vehicle cooling fan is arranged on the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger. The out-of-vehicle heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator through the second one-way valve and the third electromagnetic valve. The gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0029] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit. The A1 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve are communicated with each other. The A1 valve port and the A2 valve port are disconnected. The A2 valve port and the A3 valve port are disconnected. The A3 valve port and the A4 valve port are disconnected. The battery water circuit is connected to the first water pump. The first expansion water tank is arranged on the first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water heater. The water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger.

[0030] In some embodiments, in the heating mode of the water source heat pump in the passenger compartment, the compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser through the second solenoid valve. An air heater is provided on the in-vehicle condenser. The in-vehicle condenser is connected to the first heat exchanger through the first one-way valve and the second throttling mechanism. The first heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0031] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit, and is arranged such that the A1 port and the A4 port on the four-way water valve communicate with each other, the A2 port and the A3 port communicate with each other, the A1 port and the A2 port are disconnected, and the A3 port and the A4 port are disconnected. The battery water circuit is connected to the first water pump. A first expansion water tank is provided on the first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger.

[0032] In some embodiments, in the heating mode of the water source heat pump in the passenger compartment and the waste heat recovery mode of the motor battery, the compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser through the second solenoid valve. An air heater is provided on the in-vehicle condenser. The in-vehicle condenser is connected to the first heat exchanger through the first one-way valve and the second throttling mechanism. The first heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0033] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit, and is arranged such that the A3 port and the A4 port on the four-way water valve communicate with each other, the A1 port and the A4 port are disconnected, and the A2 port and the A3 port are disconnected. The battery water circuit is connected to the second water pump. A second expansion water tank is provided on the second water pump. The second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit;

[0034] The A1 port and the A2 port on the four-way water valve are arranged to communicate with each other. The motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the first water pump through the three-way water valve. A first expansion water tank is provided on the first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger.

[0035] In some embodiments, in the dehumidification mode of the passenger compartment and the cooling mode of the motor battery, the compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser through the second solenoid valve. An air heater is provided on the in-vehicle condenser. The in-vehicle condenser is connected to the evaporator through the first one-way valve and the third throttling mechanism. A blower is provided on the evaporator. The evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0036] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit and is arranged to communicate with each other through the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve. The A1 valve port is arranged to be disconnected from the A4 valve port, and the A2 valve port is arranged to be disconnected from the A3 valve port. The battery water circuit is connected to the second water pump, and the second expansion water tank is arranged on the second water pump. The second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit, and the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the low-temperature radiator through a three-way water valve;

[0037] By arranging the A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve to communicate with each other, the low-temperature radiator is connected to the first water pump, the first expansion water tank is arranged on the first water pump, the first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger.

[0038] In some embodiments, in the defrosting mode of the passenger compartment external heat exchanger, the compressor is connected to the external heat exchanger through the first solenoid valve, the external cooling fan is arranged on the external heat exchanger, the external heat exchanger is connected to the first heat exchanger through the first throttling mechanism and the second throttling mechanism, the first heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0039] The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery water circuit and is arranged to communicate with each other through the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve. The A1 valve port is arranged to be disconnected from the A4 valve port, and the A2 valve port is arranged to be disconnected from the A3 valve port. The battery water circuit is connected to the second water pump, and the second expansion water tank is arranged on the second water pump. The second water pump is connected to the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit;

[0040] By arranging the A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve to communicate with each other, the motor control unit water circuit and the motor water circuit are connected to the first water pump through the three-way water valve, the first expansion water tank is arranged on the first water pump, the first water pump is connected to the water heater, and the water heater is connected to the first heat exchanger;

[0041] In the dehumidifying mode of the passenger compartment, the A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve are arranged to communicate with each other, the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port are arranged to communicate with each other, the A1 valve port is arranged to be disconnected from the A4 valve port, and the A2 valve port is arranged to be disconnected from the A3 valve port. The compressor is connected to the in-vehicle condenser through the second solenoid valve, the air heater is arranged on the in-vehicle condenser, the in-vehicle condenser is connected to the evaporator through the first one-way valve and the third throttling mechanism, the blower is arranged on the evaporator, the evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor;

[0042] The compressor is connected to the external heat exchanger of the vehicle through the first solenoid valve. An external cooling fan is provided on the external heat exchanger of the vehicle. The external heat exchanger is connected to the evaporator through the first throttling mechanism and the third throttling mechanism. A blower is provided on the evaporator. The evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. The electric vehicle thermal management system proposed by the present invention includes a refrigerant circuit and a coolant circuit. Through the operation mode of the system, it can meet the application scenarios of heating, cooling, dehumidifying, defrosting of the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle, cooling of the motor and its control unit, and cooling and heating of the battery.

[0045] The heat pump technology adopted by the present invention can not only absorb the heat in the environment to heat the passenger compartment, but also absorb the waste heat of the motor and its control unit and the heat stored in the battery to heat the passenger compartment.

[0046] 2. The present invention can use the heat pump system to absorb heat from the water side to heat the passenger compartment. On the one hand, the heat pump can absorb the waste heat of the battery and motor on the water side, reducing the energy consumption of the heating operation.

[0047] On the other hand, the heat pump can absorb the heat of the water heater, enabling the heat pump to operate even in ultra-low temperature environments, making up for the insufficient heat of the air heater and expanding the application area of the thermal management system.

[0048] 3. In ultra-low temperature environments, the present invention can not only directly heat the passenger compartment by turning on the air heater, but also use the heat pump to transfer the heat of the water heater in the battery water circuit to the passenger compartment, increasing the low-temperature heating capacity of the system.

[0049] 4. The refrigerant pipeline of the present invention is provided with a gas-liquid separator and a check valve, which can increase the refrigerant circulation volume during the operation of the water-source heat pump in ultra-low temperature environments and improve the operation efficiency of the heat pump.

[0050] And through valve switching, the cooling of the battery can be completed by the low-temperature radiator, and the heating of the battery can be completed by the waste heat of the motor without starting the compressor, greatly improving the operation energy efficiency of the thermal management system.

[0051] 5. The coolant circuit of the present invention has a simple structure, high reliability, and is convenient for the recovery and utilization of waste heat in the thermal system. At the same time, the refrigerant circuit structure is flexible. The two circuit structures can be very conveniently configured into different working modes to make the system energy efficiency at the optimal level, while meeting the heating and cooling requirements in different scenarios.

[0052] 6. In the heating mode of the passenger compartment of another thermal management system provided by the present invention, the waste heat of the motor and the battery directly enters the second heat exchanger. After the heat pump absorbs this low-grade waste heat, it is used to heat the passenger compartment. This part of the waste heat can improve the parameters on the low-pressure side of the heat pump and enhance the heating efficiency of the heat pump in winter. Description of the Drawings

[0053] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0054] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system provided by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the refrigeration mode of the passenger compartment and the cooling mode of the motor and battery provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the refrigeration mode of the passenger compartment, the refrigeration mode of the battery, and the cooling mode of the motor provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the refrigeration mode of the battery and the cooling mode of the motor provided by the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the heating mode of the air source heat pump in the passenger compartment and the heating of the battery with the waste heat of the motor provided by the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the heating mode of the air source heat pump in the passenger compartment and the heating of the battery with a water heater provided by the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the heating mode of the water source heat pump in the passenger compartment provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the heating mode of the water source heat pump in the passenger compartment and the waste heat recovery of the motor and battery provided by the present invention;

[0062] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the dehumidification mode of the passenger compartment and the cooling mode of the motor and battery provided by the present invention;

[0063] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the defrosting mode of the external heat exchanger of the passenger compartment provided by the present invention;

[0064] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the dehumidification mode of the passenger compartment provided by the present invention;

[0065] Figure 12 Schematic structural diagram of another thermal management system provided by the present invention;

[0066] Figure 13Schematic diagram of the heating mode of the passenger compartment of another thermal management system provided by the present invention.

[0067] Reference numerals:

[0068] Compressor 1, In-vehicle condenser 11, First water pump 21

[0069] First solenoid valve 2, Temperature air damper 12, Water heater 22

[0070] Outdoor heat exchanger 3, Evaporator 13, Battery 23

[0071] Outdoor cooling fan 4, Blower 14, Four-way water valve 24

[0072] First throttling mechanism 5, Third throttling mechanism 15, Second expansion water tank 25

[0073] Second throttling mechanism 6, First check valve 16, Second water pump 26

[0074] First heat exchanger 7, Second check valve 17, Motor control unit 27

[0075] Gas-liquid separator 8, Third solenoid valve 18, Motor 28

[0076] Second solenoid valve 9, Low-temperature radiator 19, Three-way water valve 29

[0077] Air heater 10, First expansion water tank 20, Second heat exchanger 30 Detailed implementation manners

[0078] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several changes and improvements can still be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] Embodiment 1

[0080] As Figure 2 shown is the refrigeration operation mode of the passenger compartment of the refrigerant circuit and the motor and battery cooling operation mode of the coolant circuit.

[0081] Refrigerant circuit: The superheated gaseous refrigerant at high temperature and high pressure flows out of the compressor 1, passes through the first solenoid valve 2, and exchanges heat with the ambient air in the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger 3 to condense into a subcooled liquid refrigerant. Then the refrigerant flows through the fully open first throttling mechanism 5, and after passing through the third throttling mechanism 15 for throttling and pressure reduction, it becomes a saturated gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and absorbs the heat in the passenger compartment through the evaporator 13. Finally, it returns to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 8 to complete the refrigerant cycle. Among them, the second solenoid valve 9, the third solenoid valve 18, and the second throttling mechanism 6 are in the fully closed state, and the refrigerant does not flow.

[0082] Coolant circuit: On the four-way water valve 24, A1 and A2 are connected, A3 and A4 are connected, and A1 and A4 are disconnected, A2 and A3 are disconnected, which connects the motor control unit 27 water circuit, the motor 28 water circuit, and the battery 23 water circuit in series. On the three-way water valve 29, B1 and B3 are connected to make all the coolant flow through the low-temperature radiator 19 for cooling, forming a coolant cycle where the coolant first passes through the battery 23 water circuit, then through the motor control unit 27 water circuit and the motor 28 water circuit, and finally returns to the battery 23 water circuit after being cooled by the low-temperature radiator 19.

[0083] Embodiment 2

[0084] As Figure 3 shown is the operation mode of passenger compartment and battery refrigeration and motor cooling, which is used in the scenario where the coolant cannot effectively cool the battery 23 when the ambient temperature is relatively high. The cooling capacity for the passenger compartment and the battery 23 comes from the operation of the compressor 1, while the motor 28 is cooled by air through the low-temperature radiator 19.

[0085] Figure 3 The difference in the refrigerant circuit from Figure 2 is that the second throttling mechanism 6 no longer remains closed, but throttles and reduces the pressure of the refrigerant to the saturated state and absorbs the heat of the battery 23 water circuit in the first heat exchanger 7. At this time, both the first heat exchanger 7 and the evaporator 13 in the air-conditioning box serve as the evaporation side in the refrigeration system. In the cooling water circuit, on the four-way water valve 24, A1 and A4 are connected, A2 and A3 are connected, and A1 and A2 are disconnected, A3 and A4 are disconnected, so as to disconnect the battery 23 water circuit from the motor control unit 27 water circuit and the motor 28 water circuit. The heat of the battery 23 is cooled by the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger 7, and the heat of the motor 28 is cooled by the air in the low-temperature radiator 19.

[0086] Embodiment 3

[0087] As Figure 4 shown is the operation mode of battery refrigeration and motor cooling, which is used in the scenario where the passenger compartment does not need to be cooled. The difference from Figure 3 is that the third throttling mechanism 15 is in the fully closed state, and there is no refrigerant flowing through the evaporator 13 in the air-conditioning box.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] As Figure 5 shown is the operation mode of the air source heat pump for heating the occupant compartment and the motor waste heat for heating the battery, which is used in the scenario where there is a heating demand in the occupant compartment and the motor has waste heat available in a low-temperature environment.

[0090] Refrigerant circuit: The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows out of the compressor 1, enters the in-vehicle condenser 11 of the air conditioner box through the second solenoid valve 9 to heat the occupant compartment, then passes through the first throttling mechanism 5 for temperature reduction and throttling and enters the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger 3. At this time, the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger 3 acts as an evaporator to absorb the heat of the ambient air. Finally, the refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 8 after passing through the second one-way valve 17 and the third solenoid valve 18 and then returns to the compressor 1 to form a refrigerant cycle. The first throttling mechanism 5 is different from Figures 2 to 4 that in that the refrigerant flow direction is changed, and at the same time, the valve opening is adjusted to throttle and cool the refrigerant.

[0091] Coolant circuit: The state of the four-way water valve 24 is the same as that of Figure 2 . The water circuit of the battery 23, the water circuit of the motor control unit 27, and the water circuit of the motor 28 form a series operation. The B1 and B2 on the three-way water valve 29 are connected to form a bypass low-temperature radiator 19 for operation. After the coolant absorbs the waste heat of the motor 28, it is directly heated to the battery 23 after being switched by the three-way water valve 29 and the four-way water valve 24, improving the energy efficiency of the system operation.

[0092] Example 5

[0093] As Figure 6 shown is the operation mode of the air source heat pump for heating the occupant compartment and the water heater for heating the battery, which is used in the scenario where there is a heating demand in the occupant compartment, but the motor 28 has no waste heat available.

[0094] Figure 6 Different from Figure 5 is that the water circuits of the motor control unit 27 and the motor 28 do not operate. The water circuit of the battery 23 is separated from the water circuits of the motor control unit 27 and the motor 28 through the four-way water valve 24, and the water heater 22 operates to keep the temperature of the battery 23 within an appropriate range.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] As Figure 7 shown is the operation mode of the water source heat pump for heating the occupant compartment, which is used in the scenario where there is a heating demand in the occupant compartment, but the heat pump cannot absorb heat from the air.

[0097] At this time, the heat pump absorbs heat from the coolant of the first heat exchanger 7 to heat the passenger compartment. The heat of the coolant comes from the heat of the battery 23 or the heating of the water heater 22. When the water source heat pump cannot provide enough heat, the air heater 10 can be turned on to directly heat the passenger compartment. It should be noted that when the heat pump operates as a water source heat pump, the second one-way valve 17 can prevent the refrigerant from accumulating inside the external heat exchanger 3 outside the vehicle due to low temperature environment, increase the refrigerant circulation volume in the water source heat pump, and improve the reliability of the operation of this thermal management system in a lower temperature environment.

[0098] Embodiment 7

[0099] As Figure 8 shown is the operation mode of the water source heat pump for heating the passenger compartment and the waste heat recovery of the motor battery, which is different from Figure 7 that applied to the scenario where the motor 28 has waste heat that can be recycled. At this time, the four-way water valve 24 connects the water circuit of the battery 23 in series with the water circuits of the motor control unit 27 and the motor 28. The three-way water valve 29 is in the bypass mode, and the heat of the coolant comes from the waste heat of the battery 23 and the motor 28.

[0100] Embodiment 8

[0101] As Figure 9 shown is the operation mode of dehumidifying the passenger compartment and cooling the motor battery, which is used in the scenario where there is a need for dehumidifying the passenger compartment or defogging the glass. The air entering the passenger compartment first passes through the evaporator 13 for cooling and dehumidifying, and then passes through the in-vehicle condenser 11 for heating up. If the heating amount of the in-vehicle condenser 11 is not enough, the air heater 10 can be turned on for reheating.

[0102] Embodiment 9

[0103] As Figure 10 shown is the operation mode of defrosting the external heat exchanger of the passenger compartment, which is used in the scenario where the heat pump in the passenger compartment is used for heating and heating, but the external heat exchanger 3 needs to be defrosted after frosting. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 enters the external heat exchanger 3, and the frost layer on the outer surface of the external heat exchanger 3 will be melted by the internal high-temperature refrigerant. Then the refrigerant passes through the second throttling mechanism 6 and enters the first heat exchanger 7, absorbs the heat on the water side in the first heat exchanger 7 and then returns to the compressor 1. In this mode, the waste heat of the battery 23 and the motor 28 is preferentially recovered to improve the performance of the low-pressure side of the heat pump. When the waste heat is not enough, the water heater 22 can be used for supplement.

[0104] Embodiment 10

[0105] As Figure 11 shown is the operation mode of dehumidifying the passenger compartment, which is used for dehumidifying the passenger compartment below 25°C.

[0106] The outlet of the compressor 1 is divided into two paths, which respectively enter the in-vehicle condenser 11 and the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger 3. The first throttling mechanism 5 can be used to control the refrigerant flow rate entering the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger 3. When the temperature difference between the air at the outlet of the evaporator 13 and the target air outlet temperature of the air-conditioning box is small, at this time, by adjusting the first throttling mechanism 5, more refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 can enter the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger 3, reducing the heat exchange amount of the in-vehicle condenser 11, thereby controlling the target air outlet temperature.

[0107] Embodiment 11

[0108] As Figure 12 shown is another structural schematic diagram of the thermal management system provided by the present invention. Figure 12 Different from Figure 1 the structure, the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger 3 where air exchanges heat with refrigerant is replaced by a second heat exchanger 30 where water exchanges heat with refrigerant, and their functions in the refrigerant side circuit are the same. In the coolant circuit, the coolant heated or cooled by the second heat exchanger 30 directly enters the low-temperature radiator 19. Therefore, the low-temperature radiator 19 needs to absorb heat from the air and also release heat to the air.

[0109] Embodiment 12

[0110] As Figure 13 shown is the heating operation mode of the passenger compartment of another thermal management system in Embodiment 11.

[0111] The waste heat of the motor 28 and the battery 23 raises the coolant temperature, and then the coolant directly enters the second heat exchanger 30. The heat of the coolant is absorbed by the second heat exchanger 30, and after the heat pump operates, this part of the heat is used to heat the passenger compartment. The waste heat of the motor 28 and the battery 23 not only improves the parameters on the low-pressure side of the heat pump and enhances the heating efficiency, but also is absorbed by the heat pump and used to heat the passenger compartment.

[0112] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0113] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. Without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle thermal management system, characterized in that, It includes a refrigerant circuit and a coolant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor (1), an outdoor heat exchanger (3), a first heat exchanger (7), a gas-liquid separator (8), an in-vehicle condenser (11), and an evaporator (13). The compressor (1) is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger (3), the outdoor heat exchanger (3) is connected to the evaporator (13), the evaporator (13) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). The compressor (1) is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger (3), the outdoor heat exchanger (3) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7), the first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). The compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11), the in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger (3), the outdoor heat exchanger (3) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). The compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11), the in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7), the first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). The compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11), the in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the evaporator (13), the evaporator (13) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). An air heater (10) is provided on the in-vehicle condenser (11), a blower (14) is provided on the evaporator (13), and a temperature damper (12) is provided between the in-vehicle condenser (11) and the evaporator (13). The coolant circuit includes a low-temperature radiator (19), a first water pump (21), a water heater (22), a battery (23), a second water pump (26), a motor control unit (27), and a motor (28). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23), the water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the second water pump (26), the second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28), the water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28) are connected to the low-temperature radiator (19), the low-temperature radiator (19) is connected to the first water pump (21), the first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23), the water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the first water pump (21), the first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23). The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the second water pump (26). The second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28). The water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28) are connected to the first water pump (21). The first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22). The water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7); In the cooling mode of the passenger compartment, the motor (28) and the battery (23), the compressor (1) is connected to the external heat exchanger (3) through the first solenoid valve (2). The external heat exchanger (3) is provided with an external cooling fan (4). The external heat exchanger (3) is connected to the evaporator (13) through the first throttling mechanism (5) and the third throttling mechanism (15). The evaporator (13) is provided with the blower (14). The evaporator (13) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8). The gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1); The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23). It is arranged such that the A3 port and the A4 port of the four-way water valve (24) are connected, the A1 port and the A4 port are disconnected, and the A2 port and the A3 port are disconnected. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the second water pump (26). The second water pump (26) is provided with a second expansion water tank (25). The second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28). The water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28) are connected to the low-temperature radiator (19) through the three-way water valve (29); By arranging the A1 port and the A2 port of the four-way water valve (24) to be connected, the low-temperature radiator (19) is connected to the first water pump (21). The first water pump (21) is provided with a first expansion water tank (20). The first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22). The water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7); In the cooling mode of the passenger compartment, the battery (23) and the motor (28), the compressor (1) is connected to the external heat exchanger (3) through the first solenoid valve (2). The external heat exchanger (3) is provided with the external cooling fan (4). The external heat exchanger (3) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7) through the first throttling mechanism (5) and the second throttling mechanism (6). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8). The gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1); The compressor (1) is connected to the external heat exchanger (3) through the first solenoid valve (2). An external cooling fan (4) is provided on the external heat exchanger (3). The external heat exchanger (3) is connected to the evaporator (13) through the first throttling mechanism (5) and the third throttling mechanism (15). A blower (14) is provided on the evaporator (13). The evaporator (13) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23), and is arranged such that the A1 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) communicate with each other. The A1 valve port and the A2 valve port are disconnected, and the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port are disconnected. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the first water pump (21). A first expansion water tank (20) is provided on the first water pump (21). The first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7). By arranging the A2 valve port and the A3 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) to communicate with each other, the low-temperature radiator (19) is connected to the second water pump (26). A second expansion water tank (25) is provided on the second water pump (26). The second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28). The water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28) are connected to the low-temperature radiator (19) through the three-way water valve (29).

2. The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the battery (23) refrigeration and motor (28) cooling mode, the compressor (1) is connected to the external heat exchanger (3) through the first solenoid valve (2). An external cooling fan (4) is provided on the external heat exchanger (3). The external heat exchanger (3) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7) through the first throttling mechanism (5) and the second throttling mechanism (6). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23), and is arranged such that the A1 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) communicate with each other. The A1 valve port and the A2 valve port are disconnected, and the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port are disconnected. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the first water pump (21). A first expansion water tank (20) is provided on the first water pump (21). The first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7). By providing the A2 valve port and the A3 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) to communicate with each other, the low-temperature radiator (19) is connected to the second water pump (26). The second expansion water tank (25) is provided on the second water pump (26). The second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuit of the motor control unit (27) and the water circuit of the motor (28). The water circuit of the motor control unit (27) and the water circuit of the motor (28) are connected to the low-temperature radiator (19) through the three-way water valve (29).

3. The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the mode of heating the passenger compartment by the air-source heat pump of the vehicle and heating the battery (23) with the waste heat of the motor (28), the compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11) through the second solenoid valve (9). The air heater (10) is provided on the in-vehicle condenser (11). The in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) through the first check valve (16) and the first throttling mechanism (5). The out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8) through the second check valve (17) and the third solenoid valve (18). The gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23). By providing the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) to communicate with each other, the A1 valve port and the A4 valve port are disconnected, and the A2 valve port and the A3 valve port are disconnected. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the second water pump (26). The second expansion water tank (25) is provided on the second water pump (26). The second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuit of the motor control unit (27) and the water circuit of the motor (28). By providing the A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) to communicate with each other, the water circuit of the motor control unit (27) and the water circuit of the motor (28) are connected to the first water pump (21) through the three-way water valve (29). The first expansion water tank (20) is provided on the first water pump (21). The first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22). The water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7).

4. The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the mode of heating the passenger compartment by the air-source heat pump of the vehicle and heating the battery (23) with the water heater (22), the compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11) through the second solenoid valve (9). The air heater (10) is provided on the in-vehicle condenser (11). The in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) through the first check valve (16) and the first throttling mechanism (5). The out-of-vehicle cooling fan (4) is provided on the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3). The out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8) through the second check valve (17) and the third solenoid valve (18). The gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23), and is arranged to communicate through the A1 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve (24). The A1 valve port is disconnected from the A2 valve port, the A2 valve port is disconnected from the A3 valve port, and the A3 valve port is disconnected from the A4 valve port. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the first water pump (21), the first expansion water tank (20) is arranged on the first water pump (21), the first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7).

5. The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the heating mode of the water source heat pump in the passenger compartment, the compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11) through the second solenoid valve (9). The air heater (10) is arranged on the in-vehicle condenser (11). The in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7) through the first check valve (16) and the second throttling mechanism (6). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1); The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23), and is arranged to communicate through the A1 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve (24). The A2 valve port communicates with the A3 valve port. The A1 valve port is disconnected from the A2 valve port, and the A3 valve port is disconnected from the A4 valve port. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the first water pump (21), the first expansion water tank (20) is arranged on the first water pump (21), the first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7).

6. The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the heating mode of the water source heat pump in the passenger compartment and the waste heat recovery mode of the motor (28) and the battery (23), the compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11) through the second solenoid valve (9). The air heater (10) is arranged on the in-vehicle condenser (11). The in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7) through the first check valve (16) and the second throttling mechanism (6). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1); The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23), and is arranged to communicate through the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve (24). The A1 valve port is disconnected from the A4 valve port, and the A2 valve port is disconnected from the A3 valve port. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the second water pump (26), the second expansion water tank (25) is arranged on the second water pump (26), and the second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuit of the motor control unit (27) and the water circuit of the motor (28); The A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) are communicated with each other. The water circuit of the motor control unit (27) and the water circuit of the motor (28) are connected to the first water pump (21) through the three-way water valve (29). The first expansion water tank (20) is arranged on the first water pump (21). The first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7).

7. The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that,In the occupant compartment dehumidification mode and the motor (28) and battery (23) cooling modes, the compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11) through the second solenoid valve (9). The air heater (10) is arranged on the in-vehicle condenser (11). The in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the evaporator (13) through the first one-way valve (16) and the third throttling mechanism (15). The blower (14) is arranged on the evaporator (13). The evaporator (13) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1); The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23). The A3 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) are communicated with each other. The A1 valve port and the A4 valve port are disconnected. The A2 valve port and the A3 valve port are disconnected. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the second water pump (26). The second expansion water tank (25) is arranged on the second water pump (26). The second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuit of the motor control unit (27) and the water circuit of the motor (28). The water circuit of the motor control unit (27) and the water circuit of the motor (28) are connected to the low-temperature radiator (19) through the three-way water valve (29); The A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) are communicated with each other. The low-temperature radiator (19) is connected to the first water pump (21). The first expansion water tank (20) is arranged on the first water pump (21). The first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7).

8. The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the defrosting mode of the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) of the occupant compartment, the compressor (1) is connected to the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) through the first solenoid valve (2). The out-of-vehicle cooling fan (4) is arranged on the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3). The out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7) through the first throttling mechanism (5) and the second throttling mechanism (6). The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1); The first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the water circuit of the battery (23), and is arranged to communicate through the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port on the four-way water valve (24). The A1 valve port is disconnected from the A4 valve port, and the A2 valve port is disconnected from the A3 valve port. The water circuit of the battery (23) is connected to the second water pump (26), and the second expansion water tank (25) is arranged on the second water pump (26). The second water pump (26) is connected to the water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28); By arranging the A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) to communicate with each other, the water circuits of the motor control unit (27) and the motor (28) are connected to the first water pump (21) through the three-way water valve (29). The first expansion water tank (20) is arranged on the first water pump (21). The first water pump (21) is connected to the water heater (22), and the water heater (22) is connected to the first heat exchanger (7); In the occupant compartment dehumidification mode, the A1 valve port and the A2 valve port on the four-way water valve (24) are arranged to communicate with each other, the A3 valve port and the A4 valve port are arranged to communicate with each other, the A1 valve port is disconnected from the A4 valve port, and the A2 valve port is disconnected from the A3 valve port. The compressor (1) is connected to the in-vehicle condenser (11) through the second solenoid valve (9). The air heater (10) is arranged on the in-vehicle condenser (11). The in-vehicle condenser (11) is connected to the evaporator (13) through the first check valve (16) and the third throttling mechanism (15). The blower (14) is arranged on the evaporator (13). The evaporator (13) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1); The compressor (1) is connected to the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) through the first solenoid valve (2). The out-of-vehicle cooling fan (4) is arranged on the out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3). The out-of-vehicle heat exchanger (3) is connected to the evaporator (13) through the first throttling mechanism (5) and the third throttling mechanism (15). The blower (14) is arranged on the evaporator (13). The evaporator (13) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8), and the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the compressor (1).

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