Antenna elements and array antennas

Abstract

The present invention discloses an antenna unit and an array antenna, comprising a first section group, a feed end, and a plurality of first short-circuit branches. The first section group comprises a first guide section and a second guide section, the first guide section and the second guide section being arranged in parallel and spaced apart and both used to guide electromagnetic waves, and an open circuit is formed between one end of the first guide section and one end of the second guide section, and between the other end of the first guide section and the other end of the second guide section; the feed end is connected between the first guide section and the second guide section; each first short-circuit branch is connected between the first guide section and the second guide section, and the plurality of first short-circuit branches are spaced apart along the extension direction of the first section group so that the antenna unit forms a plurality of equivalent dipoles. The antenna unit of the present invention achieves low side lobes of the antenna while improving high gain, thereby achieving the high gain and low noise characteristics of the radar antenna and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, and in particular to an antenna unit and an array antenna using the antenna unit. Background Art

[0002] The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a key metric for radar systems; a higher SNR indicates better performance. Currently, improving the SNR can be achieved by increasing signal strength and reducing noise intensity. Signal strength can be enhanced by increasing antenna gain, specifically by increasing the size of individual antenna elements in an array antenna.

[0003] However, when the size of a single antenna unit in an array antenna increases, the spacing between the antenna units in the array antenna will increase. According to current array theory, the increase in the spacing between antenna units will cause the sidelobes of the antenna to increase, which in turn will cause the noise intensity to increase. Therefore, current antenna units are mostly designed with an antenna unit size that cannot exceed half a wavelength, which limits the possibility of improving the overall gain of the array antenna by increasing the gain of a single antenna unit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes an antenna unit that achieves low side lobes of the antenna while improving high gain, thereby achieving the high gain and low noise characteristics of the radar antenna and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar antenna.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an array antenna using the above antenna unit.

[0007] The antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0008] a first section group, the first section group including a first guide section and a second guide section, the first guide section and the second guide section being arranged in parallel and spaced apart and both used for guiding electromagnetic waves, and an open circuit being formed between one end of the first guide section and one end of the second guide section, and between the other end of the first guide section and the other end of the second guide section;

[0009] a feeding end connected between the first conducting section and the second conducting section;

[0010] A plurality of first short-circuit branches are provided, each of the first short-circuit branches is connected between the first conducting section and the second conducting section, and the plurality of first short-circuit branches are arranged at intervals along an extension direction of the first section group so that the antenna unit forms a plurality of equivalent dipoles.

[0011] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present invention achieves low side lobes of the antenna while improving high gain, thereby achieving the high gain and low noise characteristics of the radar antenna and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar antenna.

[0012] In some embodiments, the antenna unit includes:

[0013] a second section group, the second section group including a third guide section and a fourth guide section, the third guide section and the fourth guide section are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and are both used to guide electromagnetic waves, and the third guide section is connected to the first guide section and arranged crosswise, and the fourth guide section is connected to the second guide section and arranged crosswise;

[0014] A second short-circuit branch is connected between the third conducting section and the fourth conducting section.

[0015] In some embodiments, one end of the third conducting segment is connected to the first conducting segment, one end of the fourth conducting segment is connected to the second conducting segment, one end of the second short-circuit branch is connected to the other end of the third conducting segment, and the other end of the second short-circuit branch is connected to the other end of the fourth conducting segment.

[0016] In some embodiments, the connection between the third conducting segment and the first conducting segment forms a first connection position, the connection between the fourth conducting segment and the second conducting segment forms a second connection position, and the feeding end is connected between the first connection position and the second connection position;

[0017] And / or, the third guide segment is arranged perpendicular to the first guide segment;

[0018] And / or, the fourth guide segment and the second guide segment are arranged vertically.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first guide segment includes a first segment, a second segment, a third segment, a fourth segment, and a fifth segment connected in sequence, and the second guide segment includes a sixth segment, a seventh segment, an eighth segment, a ninth segment, and a tenth segment connected in sequence;

[0020] The first segment and the sixth segment are arranged opposite to each other, the second segment and the seventh segment are arranged opposite to each other, the third segment and the eighth segment are arranged opposite to each other, the fourth segment and the ninth segment are arranged opposite to each other, the fifth segment and the tenth segment are arranged opposite to each other, the third conducting segment is connected to the third segment, the fourth conducting segment is connected to the eighth segment, and the feeding end is connected between the third segment and the eighth segment.

[0021] In some embodiments, a distance between the first segment and the sixth segment is a first distance, a distance between the second segment and the seventh segment is a second distance, a distance between the third segment and the eighth segment is a third distance, a distance between the fourth segment and the ninth segment is a fourth distance, and a distance between the fifth segment and the tenth segment is a fifth distance;

[0022] The first spacing and the fifth spacing are both greater than the third spacing; and / or the widths of the second spacing and the fourth spacing gradually decrease in a direction approaching the feeding end.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first section group and the plurality of first short-circuit branches form a first unit, the first units are multiple and arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, the plurality of first conducting sections of the plurality of first units intersect at a first connection, the plurality of second conducting sections of the plurality of first units intersect at a second connection, and the feeding end is connected between the first connection and the second connection;

[0024] The second section group and the second short-circuit branch section form a second unit. There are multiple second units and they are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. The third conducting sections of the multiple second units intersect at the first connection point, and the fourth conducting sections of the multiple second units intersect at the second connection point.

[0025] In some embodiments, the second unit includes a plurality of second short-circuit branches, the second short-circuit branches of each second unit are connected between the third conducting section and the fourth conducting section, and the plurality of second short-circuit branches of each second unit are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the second section group.

[0026] In some embodiments, a plurality of parasitic metal units are included, wherein the parasitic metal units are used to guide and reflect electromagnetic waves;

[0027] and / or, including a metal reflector;

[0028] And / or, an intermediate connection point between the first short-circuit branch and the second short-circuit branch is a conductive connection, a resistive connection, a capacitive connection, an inductive connection or a lossy connection.

[0029] The array antenna of an embodiment of the present invention includes an antenna body and a plurality of antenna units as described in the above embodiment, wherein the plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array, and the distance between two adjacent antenna units is not less than one wavelength, and the plurality of antenna units are integrated into the antenna body;

[0030] The antenna body can be rotated to cover a horizontal plane;

[0031] And / or, the antenna body can cover the pitch plane by beam switching;

[0032] And / or, there are two antenna bodies, and the two antenna bodies are arranged back to back. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the first and second sections.

[0035] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the rotation or beam switching of the antenna body according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the back-to-back array antenna of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0040] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the medium array antenna Figure 2 .

[0041] Figure 9 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna having two antenna units according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the directional simulation curve of the array antenna.

[0043] Figure 11 yes Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the gain simulation curve of the medium array antenna.

[0044] Reference numerals:

[0045] First section group 1; first guide section 11; first segment 111; second segment 112; third segment 113; fourth segment 114; fifth segment 115; second guide section 12; sixth segment 121; seventh segment 122; eighth segment 123; ninth segment 124; tenth segment 125; open circuit 13; first connection position 14; second connection position 15;

[0046] Feeding terminal 2;

[0047] The first short-circuit branch 3;

[0048] Second section group 4; third guide section 41; fourth guide section 42;

[0049] The second short-circuit branch 5;

[0050] Parasitic metal unit 6;

[0051] Middle connection point 7;

[0052] Antenna unit 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0054] The present invention is based on the inventor's discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0055] Traditionally, high gain in array antennas is achieved through a large number of elements, and low sidelobes are achieved by adjusting the array factor. This requires that the spacing between the eight antenna elements in an array antenna cannot exceed half a wavelength, and therefore the size of the element antenna cannot exceed half a wavelength. Since the gain of an antenna is related to its aperture, with a larger aperture resulting in greater gain, a unit size of less than half a wavelength limits the ability to increase the overall gain of the array antenna by increasing the element gain.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the antenna unit 8 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a first segment group 1 , a feeding end 2 and a plurality of first short-circuit branches 3 .

[0057] The first section group 1 includes a first conducting section 11 and a second conducting section 12, which are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and are both used to guide electromagnetic waves, and an open circuit 13 is formed between one end of the first conducting section 11 and one end of the second conducting section 12, and between the other end of the first conducting section 11 and the other end of the second conducting section 12.

[0058] Specifically, if Figure 1As shown, both the first and second conductive segments 11, 12 extend generally in the left-right direction and are spaced apart in the vertical direction, with the first conductive segment 11 located above the second conductive segment 12. The left end of the first conductive segment 11 and the left end of the second conductive segment 12 are spaced apart in the vertical direction to form an open circuit 13. The right end of the second conductive segment 12 and the right end of the second conductive segment 12 are also spaced apart in the vertical direction to form an open circuit 13. According to electromagnetic field theory, the first segment 111 has a low current characteristic near the open circuit 13.

[0059] The feed end 2 can be set in the middle position of the first section group 1 in the left-right direction, and the feed end 2 is connected to both the first guide section 11 and the second guide section 12. When in use, the first guide section 11 and the second guide section 12 can guide the transmission of electromagnetic waves, and the feed end 2 can transmit the electromagnetic wave signal to the feed line.

[0060] Each first short-circuit branch 3 is connected between the first conducting section 11 and the second conducting section 12 , and a plurality of first short-circuit branches 3 are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the first section group 1 so that the antenna unit 8 forms a plurality of equivalent dipoles.

[0061] For example, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, each first short-circuit branch 3 can generally extend in the vertical direction. There can be three, four, five, six, etc. first short-circuit branches 3. Multiple first short-circuit branches 3 can be arranged at intervals along the left-right direction. The upper end of each first short-circuit branch 3 is connected to the first conducting section 11, and the lower end of each first short-circuit branch 3 is connected to the second conducting section 12. Some of the first short-circuit branches 3 can be located on the left side of the feed end 2, while other first short-circuit branches 3 can be located on the right side of the feed end 2. Thus, multiple first short-circuit branches 3 can divide the first section group 1 into multiple equivalent dipoles in the left-right direction, thereby achieving high gain of the antenna unit 8. It should be noted that according to electromagnetic field theory, the short circuit has the characteristic of large current.

[0062] The antenna unit 8 of the embodiment of the present invention, the first guide segment 11 and the second guide segment 12 can guide electromagnetic waves, thereby providing a basis for the open circuit 13 and short circuit design in the antenna unit 8, and the setting of multiple first short circuit branches 3 can make the antenna unit 8 equivalent to multiple equivalent dipole arrays, thereby achieving high gain of the antenna unit 8.

[0063] Secondly, open circuits 13 are formed at both the left and right ends of the first section group 1, and each first short-circuit branch 3 can be short-circuited. The open circuits 13 and the short circuits can achieve a mixed adjustment of the amplitude taper of the antenna unit 8 itself, thereby achieving low sidelobes for the antenna, and further achieving the high gain and low noise characteristics of the radar antenna, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar antenna. In other words, the antenna unit 8 can be equivalent to an array antenna. For an array antenna, low sidelobe levels can be achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the antenna units 8 in the array. By means of open circuits and short circuits at the ends, the unit amplitude of the array antenna equivalent to the antenna unit in the present invention can be adjusted, thereby achieving low sidelobes.

[0064] The antenna unit 8 of the present invention solves the problem of achieving low side lobes in large-size (more than one wavelength) antenna units of an array antenna, breaks through the limitation of the unit being less than half a wavelength in traditional technology, and provides a basis for achieving higher gain.

[0065] In some embodiments, the antenna unit 8 includes a second section group 4 and a second short-circuit branch 5, the second section group 4 includes a third conducting section 41 and a fourth conducting section 42, the third conducting section 41 and the fourth conducting section 42 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and are both used to guide electromagnetic waves, and the third conducting section 41 is connected to the first conducting section 11 and arranged crosswise, the fourth conducting section 42 is connected to the second conducting section 12 and arranged crosswise, and the second short-circuit branch 5 is connected between the third conducting section 41 and the fourth conducting section 42.

[0066] For example, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the second section group 4 can be located in front of the first section group 1, and the third guide section 41 and the fourth guide section 42 of the second section group 4 can generally extend along the front-to-back direction, and the third guide section 41 and the fourth guide section 42 are also arranged at intervals in the upper and lower directions, wherein the third guide section 41 is located above the fourth guide section 42, the third guide section 41 is connected to the first guide section 11, and the fourth guide section 42 is connected to the second guide section 12.

[0067] There may be only one second short-circuit branch 5 , which generally extends in the up-down direction. The upper end of the second short-circuit branch 5 is connected to the third conducting section 41 , and the lower end of the second short-circuit branch 5 is connected to the fourth conducting section 42 .

[0068] Therefore, the second short-circuit branch 5 can balance the antenna unit 8, that is, it can eliminate the electromagnetic interference noise caused by the unbalanced feeding of the antenna unit 8, and further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar antenna.

[0069] Alternatively, as Figure 2As shown, the front end of the third conducting segment 41 can be connected to the first conducting segment 11, the front end of the fourth conducting segment 42 can be connected to the second conducting segment 12, the top end of the second short-circuit branch 5 is connected to the rear end of the third conducting segment 41, and the bottom end of the second short-circuit branch 5 is connected to the rear end of the fourth conducting segment 42.

[0070] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the connection between the third conductive segment 41 and the first conductive segment 11 forms a first connection position 14, the connection between the fourth conductive segment 42 and the second conductive segment 12 forms a second connection position 15, and the feeding terminal 2 is connected between the first connection position 14 and the second connection position 15. This can achieve consistency in electromagnetic wave transmission between the first conductive segment 11 and the second conductive segment 12, and between the third conductive segment 41 and the fourth conductive segment 42.

[0071] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the third conductive segment 41 is arranged perpendicular to the first conductive segment 11, and the fourth conductive segment 42 is arranged perpendicular to the second conductive segment 12. That is, the first conductive segment 11 and the second conductive segment 12 both extend in the left-right direction, while the third conductive segment 41 and the fourth conductive segment 42 both extend in the front-back direction. This ensures that the first segment group 1 is arranged generally symmetrically with respect to the second segment group 4, thereby ensuring balanced electromagnetic interference noise that is caused by feed imbalance.

[0072] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the first guide segment 11 includes a first segment 111, a second segment 112, a third segment 113, a fourth segment 114, and a fifth segment 115 connected in sequence from left to right, and the second guide segment 12 includes a sixth segment 121, a seventh segment 122, an eighth segment 123, a ninth segment 124, and a tenth segment 125 connected in sequence from left to right.

[0073] The first segment 111 and the sixth segment 121 are arranged opposite to each other in the up-down direction, the second segment 112 and the seventh segment 122 are arranged opposite to each other in the up-down direction, the third segment 113 and the eighth segment 123 are arranged opposite to each other in the up-down direction, the fourth segment 114 and the ninth segment 124 are arranged opposite to each other in the up-down direction, and the fifth segment 115 and the tenth segment 125 are arranged opposite to each other in the up-down direction.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the front end of the third conducting section 41 can be connected to the middle position of the third segment 113, the front end of the fourth conducting section 42 can be connected to the middle position of the eighth segment 123, and the feeding end 2 can be connected between the third segment 113 and the eighth segment 123.

[0075] In some embodiments, as Figure 2As shown, the spacing between the first segment 111 and the sixth segment 121 in the vertical direction is a first spacing, the spacing between the second segment 112 and the seventh segment 122 in the vertical direction is a second spacing, the spacing between the third segment 113 and the eighth segment 123 in the vertical direction is a third spacing, the spacing between the fourth segment 114 and the ninth segment 124 in the vertical direction is a fourth spacing, and the spacing between the fifth segment 115 and the tenth segment 125 in the vertical direction is a fifth spacing, wherein the first spacing and the fifth spacing are both greater than the third spacing.

[0076] As a result, the first conductive segment 11 and the second conductive segment 12 are relatively narrow near the feeding end 2 , which is beneficial to ensuring impedance matching of the antenna feeding and matching of the antenna within a wide bandwidth.

[0077] In some embodiments, the widths of the second spacing and the fourth spacing gradually decrease in a direction close to the feeding terminal 2. Figure 2 As shown, the second segment 112 and the seventh segment 122 can be arranged tilted in the left and right directions, wherein the second segment 112 is generally tilted in the direction from the upper left to the lower right, and the seventh segment 122 is generally tilted in the direction from the lower left to the upper right. As a result, the change in the spacing between the first segment 111 and the third segment 113 can be slowly transitioned, avoiding sudden step-like changes, which is beneficial to the performance stability of the antenna unit 8 during use.

[0078] Similarly, the fourth segment 114 and the ninth segment 124 are also arranged tilted in the left-right direction, wherein the fourth segment 114 is generally tilted from the lower left to the upper right, and the ninth segment 124 is generally tilted from the upper left to the lower right. As a result, the change in the spacing between the fourth segment 114 and the ninth segment 124 can also transition slowly, avoiding sudden step-like changes, and is also beneficial to the performance stability of the antenna unit 8 during use.

[0079] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the middle connection point 7 between the first short-circuit stub 3 and the second short-circuit stub 5 can be a conductive connection, a resistive connection, a capacitive connection, an inductive connection or a lossy connection.

[0080] In some embodiments, there are multiple second short-circuit branches 5, each second short-circuit branch 5 is connected between the third conducting segment 41 and the fourth conducting segment 42, and multiple second short-circuit branches 5 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction (front-back direction) of the second segment group 4.

[0081] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the antenna unit 8 includes a plurality of parasitic metal units 6 , which are used to guide and reflect electromagnetic waves. The high gain of the antenna unit 8 can also be improved by means of the parasitic metal units 6 .

[0082] In some embodiments, the antenna unit 8 includes a metal reflector, thereby improving the receiving sensitivity of the antenna unit 8 .

[0083] In some embodiments, the first segment group 1 and the plurality of first short-circuit branches 3 form a first unit. There are multiple first units, spaced circumferentially. The plurality of first guide segments 11 of the plurality of first units intersect at a first connection. That is, the plurality of first guide segments 11 can be arranged in a horizontal plane like wheel spokes, with the connection of the plurality of first guide segments 11 constituting the first connection. Similarly, the plurality of second guide segments 12 of the plurality of first units intersect at a second connection. That is, the plurality of second guide segments 12 can also be arranged in a horizontal plane like wheel spokes, with the connection of the plurality of second guide segments 12 constituting the second connection. The feed end 2 can be connected between the first connection and the second connection. This further improves the antenna gain.

[0084] In some embodiments, the second section group 4 and the second short-circuit branch 5 form a second unit, there are multiple second units and they are arranged at intervals along the circumference, the third conducting sections 41 of the multiple second units converge at the first connection, and the multiple fourth conducting sections 42 of the multiple second units converge at the second connection.

[0085] For example, multiple second units can be arranged at the rear side of the first segment group 1, and multiple second units can be arranged at intervals along the horizontal circumference, the front end of the third guide segment 41 of each second unit can be connected to the first connection point, and the front end of the fourth guide segment 42 of each second unit can be connected to the second connection point. The array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below.

[0086] like Figure 3 As shown, the array antenna of an embodiment of the present invention includes multiple antenna units 8, and the antenna unit 8 can specifically be the antenna unit 8 described in any of the above embodiments. The multiple antenna units 8 are arranged in a rectangular array, and the distance between two adjacent antenna units 8 is not less than one wavelength.

[0087] For example, the distance between two adjacent antenna units 8 can be Figure 3 The distance M in the figure can be one or several times the wavelength. Thus, on the one hand, the high-gain arrangement design of the array antenna is satisfied, and on the other hand, the number of antenna units 8 and the arrangement density can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost of the array antenna.

[0088] In some embodiments, the array antenna includes an antenna body that can be rotated to cover a horizontal plane. Figure 4 As shown, multiple antenna units 8 can be integrated into the antenna body, and the bottom of the antenna body can be designed with a pivot structure. When in use, the antenna body can rotate around the pivot, thereby achieving 360-degree circumferential horizontal coverage.

[0089] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 As shown in FIG, the antenna body can cover the pitch plane by beam switching, thereby achieving wide-angle coverage of the antenna body in the up and down directions.

[0090] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, there are two antenna bodies, arranged back-to-back. For example, the two antenna bodies can be spaced apart in the horizontal direction, with the multiple antenna elements 8 on each antenna body arranged outside the corresponding antenna body. This allows for simultaneous multi-directional coverage of the array antenna.

[0091] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, the multiple antenna units 8 of the array antenna can be arranged in a vertically polarized array. In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, the multiple antenna units 8 of the array antenna can be arranged in a horizontally polarized array.

[0092] like Figure 9 The array antenna model shown is one in which two antenna elements 8 are arranged. The spacing between the antenna elements 8 may be greater than several times (two times, three times, four times, etc.) the wavelength. Figure 10 Shown in Figure 9 Directional simulation curve of the medium array antenna. From this directional simulation curve, it can be seen that the antenna's sidelobe is lower than -19dB, which meets the application requirements of radar antennas. Figure 11 Shown Figure 9 The gain simulation curve of the array antenna shows that only two units have antenna gains greater than 21dB, while the gain of the two-unit array antenna in the traditional solution is only about 11dB. Compared with the traditional solution, the gain of the scheme of the present invention is increased by 10dB, achieving high gain of the array antenna while having low sidelobes.

[0093] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0094] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0095] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0096] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0097] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are mutually inconsistent.

[0098] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that: include: a first section group, the first section group including a first guide section and a second guide section, the first guide section and the second guide section being arranged in parallel and spaced apart and both used for guiding electromagnetic waves, and an open circuit being formed between one end of the first guide section and one end of the second guide section, and between the other end of the first guide section and the other end of the second guide section; a feeding end connected between the first conducting section and the second conducting section; A plurality of first short-circuit branches are provided, each of the first short-circuit branches is connected between the first conducting section and the second conducting section, and the plurality of first short-circuit branches are arranged at intervals along an extension direction of the first section group so that the antenna unit forms a plurality of equivalent dipoles.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein: include: a second section group, the second section group including a third guide section and a fourth guide section, the third guide section and the fourth guide section are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and are both used to guide electromagnetic waves, and the third guide section is connected to the first guide section and arranged crosswise, and the fourth guide section is connected to the second guide section and arranged crosswise; A second short-circuit branch is connected between the third conducting section and the fourth conducting section.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: One end of the third conducting section is connected to the first conducting section, one end of the fourth conducting section is connected to the second conducting section, one end of the second short-circuit branch is connected to the other end of the third conducting section, and the other end of the second short-circuit branch is connected to the other end of the fourth conducting section.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 3, wherein: The connection between the third conducting segment and the first conducting segment forms a first connection position, the connection between the fourth conducting segment and the second conducting segment forms a second connection position, and the feeding end is connected between the first connection position and the second connection position; And / or, the third guide segment is arranged perpendicular to the first guide segment; And / or, the fourth guide segment and the second guide segment are arranged vertically.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: The first guide segment includes a first segment, a second segment, a third segment, a fourth segment, and a fifth segment connected in sequence, and the second guide segment includes a sixth segment, a seventh segment, an eighth segment, a ninth segment, and a tenth segment connected in sequence; The first segment and the sixth segment are arranged opposite to each other, the second segment and the seventh segment are arranged opposite to each other, the third segment and the eighth segment are arranged opposite to each other, the fourth segment and the ninth segment are arranged opposite to each other, the fifth segment and the tenth segment are arranged opposite to each other, the third conducting segment is connected to the third segment, the fourth conducting segment is connected to the eighth segment, and the feeding end is connected between the third segment and the eighth segment.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that The distance between the first segment and the sixth segment is a first distance, the distance between the second segment and the seventh segment is a second distance, the distance between the third segment and the eighth segment is a third distance, the distance between the fourth segment and the ninth segment is a fourth distance, and the distance between the fifth segment and the tenth segment is a fifth distance; The first spacing and the fifth spacing are both greater than the third spacing; And / or, the widths of the second interval and the fourth interval gradually decrease in a direction approaching the feeding end.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: The first section group and the plurality of first short-circuit branches form a first unit, the first units are multiple and are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, the plurality of first conducting sections of the plurality of first units intersect at a first connection, the plurality of second conducting sections of the plurality of first units intersect at a second connection, and the feeding end is connected between the first connection and the second connection; The second section group and the second short-circuit branch section form a second unit. There are multiple second units and they are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. The third conducting sections of the multiple second units intersect at the first connection point, and the fourth conducting sections of the multiple second units intersect at the second connection point.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that The second unit includes a plurality of second short-circuit branches, each of the second short-circuit branches of the second unit is connected between the third conducting section and the fourth conducting section, and the plurality of second short-circuit branches of each second unit are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the second section group.

9. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: comprising a plurality of parasitic metal units, wherein the parasitic metal units are used to guide and reflect electromagnetic waves; and / or, including a metal reflector; And / or, an intermediate connection point between the first short-circuit branch and the second short-circuit branch is a conductive connection, a resistive connection, a capacitive connection, an inductive connection or a lossy connection.

10. An array antenna, characterized in that: The antenna comprises an antenna body and a plurality of antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array, and the distance between two adjacent antenna units is not less than one wavelength, and the plurality of antenna units are integrated into the antenna body; The antenna body can be rotated to cover a horizontal plane; And / or, the antenna body can cover the pitch plane by beam switching; And / or, there are two antenna bodies, and the two antenna bodies are arranged back to back.

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