Surgically based inflatable extra-vascular stent

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of surgical operation, especially to the inflatable external vascular stent based on surgical operation. The external stent comprises two parts connected by a hinged part (1), each part comprises more than one piece, the pieces of each part are connected by one-way extension part, one of the adjacent pieces of each part is provided with one-way extension structure (5), the other piece comprises one-way extension gap (7), the end of one-way extension structure (5) is provided with one-way extension end (6), and the inside of one-way extension end (6) can realize one-way sliding in one-way extension gap (7); the pieces of the non-hinged end of the two parts can be locked; the present application is an external stent, and is a process which needs to change the diameter slowly and has certain supporting capacity; the typical advantage is that after the external vascular stent is put into the body of a teenager, the inner diameter of the external vascular stent can be automatically expanded with the growth of the teenager and the increase of the diameter of the blood vessel, and the stent does not need to be replaced by secondary operation in the later period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surgery, and more particularly to expandable vascular stents based on surgical procedures. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional external vascular stents only support blood vessels; their inner diameter is fixed and cannot change with the growth and thickening of blood vessels in adolescents. The nutcracker phenomenon, also known as left renal vein compression, refers to the compression of the left renal vein during its return to the inferior vena cava within the angle formed by the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery, or in the space between the abdominal aorta and the spine. It is often accompanied by a decrease in the blood flow velocity of the left renal vein and dilation of veins distal to the compression site. When the nutcracker phenomenon causes a series of clinical symptoms such as hematuria, proteinuria, and left flank pain, it is called nutcracker syndrome.

[0003] A search of the Chinese patent database using "blood vessel and stent and unidirectional" as abstract keywords revealed two similar prior art documents:

[0004] CN 108186174 A discloses a uniformly expandable, high-stiffness, biodegradable stent structure. This variable-diameter structure is essentially an intravascular stent, a structure that supports the blood vessel internally to prevent vascular obstruction. After expansion is complete and the balloon is withdrawn from the stent, the stent retracts inward under radial pressure from the blood vessel and plaque. The connecting ribs contact the compressible protrusions on the sliding strip to form a locking device, preventing stent retraction and improving stent support performance. This reduces problems such as radial rebound and dog-bone effect during stent service, optimizing the stent's effectiveness in interventional treatment of stenotic arteries. However, this structure is complex and is an intravascular support structure. Such a complex structure can easily lead to poor blood flow and thrombosis. Furthermore, the two parts must be assembled initially. Difficult manufacturing and assembly are typical drawbacks of this structure. This solution internally prevents vascular obstruction and remains non-deformable after expansion to a certain extent.

[0005] The external vascular stent and its manufacturing method disclosed in CN 105105893 A for relieving left renal vein compression completely fails to consider the issue of vascular thickening in adolescents. Once adolescents grow, the outer diameter of their blood vessels may change; a stent of appropriate diameter at implantation may become a "tightening band" for the blood vessels after growth. Furthermore, placing an excessively large external vascular stent may compress other structures in the adolescent's body, such as the superior mesenteric artery, leading to adverse consequences such as abdominal pain and distension. Currently, the only clinical solution is to perform a second surgery to replace the stent. This second surgery, involving close manipulation of the blood vessel, is extremely dangerous and contradicts the current pursuit of minimally invasive and non-invasive surgical techniques. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: To provide a more effective surgically expandable vascular stent for use by adolescents, the specific purpose of which is described in several substantial technical effects in the detailed implementation section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] Option 1: Core Solution

[0009] The surgically expandable vascular stent is characterized in that it comprises two parts connected by a hinged portion 1, each part containing one or more plates, the plates of each part being connected by a unidirectional extension portion, one of the adjacent plates of each part having a unidirectional extension structure 5 extending out, and the other plate having a unidirectional extension gap 7, the end of the unidirectional extension structure 5 having a unidirectional extension end 6, the unidirectional extension end 6 having two intersecting walls, and the interior of the unidirectional extension end 6 being able to slide unidirectionally within the unidirectional extension gap 7; the plates at the non-hinged ends of the two parts being able to lock together; the plates having an arc-shaped structure.

[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the groove is one or more inverted triangular portions connected to each other.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the opening of the outermost inverted triangular portion of one or more interconnected inverted triangular portions is smaller than that of the other inverted triangular portions.

[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the non-hinged end piece is locked together by a docking structure 4. The docking structure 4 includes a docking structure body 41 and a docking structure ball 42. The docking structure body 41 includes a groove, and the docking structure ball 42 can be embedded in the groove.

[0013] A further technical solution of the present invention is that each part comprises three pieces; the pieces include through holes 10 and / or ribs 18.

[0014] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the external support is a straight line or a curved structure with physiological curvature.

[0015] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the hinge portion 1 is a hinge structure.

[0016] Option 2:

[0017] The surgically expandable vascular stent is characterized in that it comprises two parts connected by a hinged portion 1, each part comprising one or more plates, the plates of each part being connected by a unidirectional extension portion, one of the adjacent plates of each part having a pull-out head 16 extending out, and the other plate comprising a semi-open lumen, the semi-open lumen comprising an inner oblique protrusion 15, the two inner oblique protrusions 15 each comprising an inclined surface forming an inclined channel, the pull-out head 16 comprising multiple inverted triangular structures; and two sets of arc-shaped pressure plates 17 comprising the semi-open lumen, the two sets of arc-shaped pressure plates 17 being staggered and capable of being pried open.

[0018] Option 3:

[0019] The surgically expandable vascular stent is characterized in that the stent comprises two parts connected by a hinge portion 1, each part comprising one or more plates, the plates of each part being connected by a unidirectional extension portion, one plate of each part having a flared rubber structure 13 extending out between adjacent plates, and the other plate having a protrusion having an inner flared opening 14, the inner flared opening 14 being able to accommodate the flared rubber structure 13 and the wall of the flared rubber structure 13 fitting the inner flared opening 14; the flared rubber structure 13 is hollow inside.

[0020] Option 4:

[0021] The expandable vascular stent based on surgical procedures is characterized in that the stent comprises one or more interlocking segments 11; multiple interlocking segments can be connected by a unidirectional extension portion; the interlocking segment 11 is a piece.

[0022] The unidirectional extension structure can be any of the following:

[0023] Between adjacent pieces of each part, one piece extends out with a unidirectional extension structure 5, and the other piece contains a unidirectional extension gap 7. The end of the unidirectional extension structure 5 is provided with a unidirectional extension end 6, which consists of two intersecting walls. The interior of the unidirectional extension end 6 can achieve unidirectional sliding in the unidirectional extension gap 7.

[0024] Between adjacent pieces of each section, one piece extends a horn-shaped rubber structure 13, and the other piece includes a protrusion containing an inner horn opening 14, which is capable of accommodating the horn-shaped rubber structure 13 and the wall of the horn-shaped rubber structure 13 fits the inner horn opening 14; the horn-shaped rubber structure 13 is hollow inside.

[0025] Between adjacent pieces in each section, one piece extends out with a pull-out head 16, and the other piece contains a semi-open inner cavity, which contains an inner cavity oblique protrusion 15. Each of the two inner cavity oblique protrusions 15 contains an inclined surface to form an inclined channel. The pull-out head 16 contains multiple inverted triangular structures. The semi-open inner cavity contains two sets of arc-shaped pressure plates 17, which are arranged in an alternating manner and can be pried open.

[0026] The single piece 11 includes a side protrusion 9 and a side groove; multiple pieces are connected to each other through the side protrusion 9 and the side groove, and the cross-section of the side protrusion 9 and the side groove is an inverted triangular structure; the side protrusion 9 and the side groove constitute a unidirectional extension.

[0027] The present invention, employing the above technical solution, has the following advantages over the prior art: the unidirectional extension end 6 continuously jumps between different unidirectional extension gaps 7 to achieve slow unidirectional sliding; please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 The slow, gradual change aligns with human physiology, thus eliminating the need for further surgery. The unidirectional extension structure 5 is preferably made of medical-grade rubber, providing a degree of displacement capability. During use, multiple sheet-like structures interlock and then partially lock together, covering the blood vessel for external protection. It should be noted that the number of sheets can be adjusted according to the different diameters of individual blood vessels, making it more flexible. It is important to emphasize that this patent is for an external stent, requiring a slow, gradual change in diameter while maintaining sufficient support. A key advantage is that after a stent is placed in a teenager, further surgery is unnecessary, reducing surgical risks and potential complications. The two intersecting walls are fixed relative to each other along the unidirectional extension gap 7. As the blood vessel grows, blood flow and blood pressure will automatically expand the vessel walls. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To further illustrate the present invention, the following description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the core embodiment of this patent;

[0030] Figure 2 A perspective view of the unidirectional extension portion of the core embodiment of this patent;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a detailed structural diagram of the docking structure in the core embodiment;

[0032] Figure 4 A perspective view of the unidirectional extension portion of the core embodiment;

[0033] Figure 5 A structural perspective view of the core embodiment;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a further implementation diagram of this patent;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment with through holes;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the implementation of a monolithic modular structure.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a direct sheet-type assembly structure;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a further improvement to this patent;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a docking mechanism with an arc-shaped opening;

[0040] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Detailed structural diagram of the arc-shaped opening docking mechanism;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of a single piece with ribs.

[0042] The components are: 1. Hinged part; 21. First part plate one; 22. First part plate two; 23. First part mating plate; 31. Second part plate one; 32. Second part plate two; 33. Second part mating plate; 4. Butt joint structure; 5. Unidirectional extension structure; 6. Unidirectional extension end; 7. Unidirectional extension gap; 41. Butt joint structure body; 42. Butt joint structure ball; 8. Arc-shaped open-type butt joint mechanism; 10. Through hole; 41. Direct plate one; 42. Direct plate two; 11. Butt joint single piece; 12. Protrusion; 13. Horn rubber structure; 14. Inner horn mouth; 15. Inner cavity oblique protrusion; 16. Pull-out head; 17. Arc-shaped pressure plate; 18. Rib; 9. Side protrusions. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0045] This patent provides multiple parallel solutions; the different descriptions represent improved solutions or parallel solutions based on the basic solution. Each solution has its own unique characteristics. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. Fixing methods not described herein can be any type of fixing, such as threaded fixing, bolt fixing, or adhesive bonding.

[0046] Example 1: Combining Figure 1 and Figure 2 and Figure 3 and Figure 4 and Figure 5The core embodiment is a surgically expandable vascular stent, characterized in that the stent comprises two parts connected by a hinged portion 1, each part containing one or more plates. The plates in each part are connected by a unidirectional extension portion. Between adjacent plates in each part, one plate extends a unidirectional extension structure 5, and the other plate contains a unidirectional extension gap 7. A unidirectional extension end 6 is arranged at the end of the unidirectional extension structure 5. The unidirectional extension end 6 consists of two intersecting walls, and the interior of the unidirectional extension end 6 can achieve unidirectional sliding within the unidirectional extension gap 7. The non-hinged ends of the plates of the two parts can be locked together. The plates have an arc-shaped structure. The substantial technical effect and implementation process of the technical solution described herein, i.e., its basic function, are as follows: addressing the deficiencies of the prior art; and as people age and the diameter of blood vessels slowly increases, the unidirectional extension end 6 continuously jumps between different unidirectional extension gaps 7 to achieve slow unidirectional sliding; please refer to... Figure 2 , Figure 3 The slow, gradual change aligns with human physiology, thus eliminating the need for further surgery. The unidirectional extension structure 5 is preferably made of medical-grade rubber, providing a degree of displacement capability. During use, multiple sheet-like structures interlock and then partially lock together, covering the blood vessel for external protection. It should be noted that the number of sheets can be adjusted according to the different diameters of individual blood vessels, making it more flexible. It is important to emphasize that this patent is for an external stent, requiring a slow, gradual change in diameter while maintaining sufficient support. A key advantage is that after a stent is placed in a teenager, further surgery is unnecessary, reducing surgical risks and potential complications. The two intersecting walls are fixed relative to each other along the unidirectional extension gap 7. As the blood vessel grows, blood flow and blood pressure will automatically expand the vessel walls.

[0047] Example 2: As a further improvement, parallel, or optional independent solution, the groove is one or more interconnected inverted triangular portions. The substantive technical effect and implementation process of the technical solution described herein, i.e., its basic function, are as follows: (Refer to the above) Figure 1 and Figure 2 and Figure 3 and Figure 4 and Figure 5 The multiple interconnected inverted triangular sections of this patent provide a specific environment for each deformation stage, offering multi-level support and preventing the unidirectional extension end 6 from detaching. Because the developmental limits and speeds of blood vessel diameter vary among individuals, this patent allows for convenient adjustment.

[0048] Example 3: As a further improvement, parallel, or optional independent solution, the opening of the outermost inverted triangular portion of one or more interconnected inverted triangular portions is smaller than that of the other inverted triangular portions. The substantive technical effect and implementation process of this technical solution, i.e., its basic function, are as follows: This embodiment can prevent the structure of this patent from detaching.

[0049] Example 4: As a further improvement, parallel solution, or optional independent solution, the non-hinged end piece is locked together by a docking structure 4. The docking structure 4 includes a docking structure body 41 and a docking structure ball 42. The docking structure body 41 includes a groove, into which the docking structure ball 42 can be embedded. The substantial technical effect and implementation process of this technical solution, i.e., its basic function, are as follows: similar locking structures are all within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0050] Example 5: As a further improvement, parallel, or optional independent solution, each part comprises three pieces; each piece includes through holes 10 and / or ribs 18. The substantive technical effects and implementation process of the technical solution herein, i.e., its basic functions, are as follows: the number of three pieces can be more or less; the ribs provide better support for the overall structure.

[0051] Example 6: As a further improvement, parallel, or optional independent solution, the external stent is a straight line or a curved structure with physiological curvature. The substantive technical effect and implementation process of the technical solution described herein, i.e., its basic function, are as follows: All embodiments shown in the illustrations are straight lines, but they can also be curved structures. Similar implementation structures are all within the protection scope of this patent. For example, a suitable curvature can be used for partial or localized curved blood vessels.

[0052] Example 7: As a further improvement, parallel, or optional independent solution, the hinge part 1 is a hinge structure.

[0053] Option 2:

[0054] Example 8: As a further possible improvement, parallel solution, or optional independent solution, a surgically expandable vascular stent is characterized in that the stent comprises two parts connected by a hinged portion 1, each part comprising one or more plates, the plates in each part being connected by a unidirectional extension portion, one of the adjacent plates in each part having a pull-out head 16 extending out, and the other plate comprising a semi-open lumen, the semi-open lumen comprising an oblique protrusion 15, each of the two oblique protrusions 15 comprising an inclined surface forming an inclined channel, the pull-out head 16 comprising multiple inverted triangular structures; two sets of arc-shaped pressure plates 17 are included on the semi-open lumen, the two sets of arc-shaped pressure plates 17 being staggered and capable of being pried open. The substantial technical effect and implementation process of the technical solution described herein, i.e., its basic function, are as follows: (Refer to...) Figure 11 and reference Figure 12 The key advantage of this embodiment is that the number of pieces can be easily and quickly adjusted during the surgical procedure. The two sets of arc-shaped pressure pieces 17 are pried open, and the pull-out head 16 is inserted. Subsequently, the two sets of arc-shaped pressure pieces 17 are arranged in an alternating and relatively closed manner to prevent the pull-out head 16 from falling out directly. Then, in the patient's body, the pull-out head 16, which contains multiple inverted triangular structures, is pushed along the inclined channels formed by the inclined surfaces of the two inner lumens 15 as the diameter of the blood vessels increases, and continues to slide in one direction.

[0055] Option 3:

[0056] Example 9: As a further possible improvement, parallel solution, or optional independent solution, a surgically expandable vascular stent is characterized in that the stent comprises two parts connected by a hinged portion 1, each part comprising one or more plates, the plates of each part being connected by a unidirectional extension portion, one of the adjacent plates of each part having a flared rubber structure 13 extending out, and the other plate comprising a protrusion having an inner flared opening 14, the inner flared opening 14 being able to accommodate the flared rubber structure 13 and the wall of the flared rubber structure 13 fitting the inner flared opening 14; the flared rubber structure 13 is hollow inside. The substantial technical effect and its implementation process, i.e., the basic function, of this technical solution are as follows: (Refer to...) Figure 10 The horn-shaped rubber structure 13 is inserted into the inner horn opening 14. As it grows, it is slowly pulled out, ensuring it does not pull out. Sliding against the wall achieves diameter expansion.

[0057] Example 10: As a further improvement, parallel, or optional independent solution, this series provides four solutions. The key difference between each solution and the previous nine embodiments is the absence of a hinge structure. Therefore, during production, individual pieces can be manufactured, and the number of pieces can be flexibly assembled, with left and right joints forming a complete vascular stent. The absence of a hinge structure allows for more flexible adjustments and facilitates industrialization.

[0058] The expandable vascular stent based on surgical procedures is characterized in that the stent comprises one or more interlocking segments 11; multiple interlocking segments can be connected by a unidirectional extension portion; the interlocking segment 11 is a piece.

[0059] The unidirectional extension structure can be any of the following:

[0060] Between adjacent pieces of each part, one piece extends out with a unidirectional extension structure 5, and the other piece contains a unidirectional extension gap 7. The end of the unidirectional extension structure 5 is provided with a unidirectional extension end 6, which consists of two intersecting walls. The unidirectional extension end 6 can slide unidirectionally within the unidirectional extension gap 7. This embodiment refers to Embodiment 1.

[0061] Between adjacent pieces of each part, one piece extends a horn-shaped rubber structure 13, and the other piece includes a protrusion containing an inner horn opening 14, which is capable of accommodating the horn-shaped rubber structure 13 and the wall of the horn-shaped rubber structure 13 fits the inner horn opening 14; the horn-shaped rubber structure 13 is hollow inside; this embodiment refers to Embodiment Nine.

[0062] Between adjacent pieces in each section, one piece extends out with a pull-out head 16, and the other piece contains a semi-open inner cavity, which includes an inner cavity oblique protrusion 15. Each of the two inner cavity oblique protrusions 15 includes an inclined surface forming an inclined channel. The pull-out head 16 includes multiple inverted triangular structures. The semi-open inner cavity includes two sets of arc-shaped pressure plates 17, which are arranged alternately and can be pried open. This embodiment refers to Embodiment Eight.

[0063] The single-piece mating assembly 11 includes a side protrusion 9 and a side groove; multiple pieces are interlocked with each other via the side protrusion 9 and the side groove, both of which have an inverted triangular cross-section; the side protrusion 9 and the side groove constitute a unidirectional extension portion. This embodiment is referenced. Figure 9 This paragraph is about Figure 9 It should be noted that the connecting piece 11 can be made of rubber, and the inclination of its side protrusions 9 and side grooves can be made smaller, so that the blood vessels can be stretched to achieve unidirectional sliding. It can be assembled directly from the side during use.

[0064] The common feature of the above embodiments is the overarching concept, which is the unidirectional extension portion and the structure of detachable pieces.

[0065] Innovatively, each of the above effects exists independently, yet a single structure can be used to combine the results.

[0066] It should be noted that the multiple solutions provided in this patent include their own basic solutions, which are independent of each other and do not restrict each other. However, they can also be combined with each other without conflict to achieve multiple effects.

[0067] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A surgically based expandable extra-vascular stent characterized in that, The outer support comprises two parts connected by a hinged part (1), each part comprising one or more pieces, the pieces of each part being connected by one-way extension parts, one of the pieces between adjacent pieces of each part being provided with a one-way extension structure (5), the other piece comprising a one-way extension gap (7), the one-way extension structure (5) being provided at the end with a one-way extension end (6), the one-way extension end (6) being provided with two walls crossing each other, the one-way extension end (6) being capable of one-way sliding in the one-way extension gap (7); the pieces of the non-hinged ends of the two parts being capable of being locked together; The pieces are in the shape of an arc; The grooves are one or more inverted triangular parts connected to each other; The mouth of the outermost inverted triangular part of the one or more inverted triangular parts connected to each other is smaller than the mouths of the other inverted triangular parts; The pieces of the non-hinged ends are locked together by a docking structure (4), the docking structure (4) comprising a docking structure body (41) and a docking structure ball (42), the docking structure body (41) comprising a groove, the docking structure ball (42) being capable of being embedded in the groove; Each part comprises three pieces; the pieces are provided with through holes (10) and / or ribs (18); the outer support is in the shape of a straight line or a curve with physiological curvature; The hinged part (1) is in the shape of a hinge.

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