A method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining the resistance of different hosts to codling moth, which comprises the following steps: S1, making a codling moth egg-laying device, a codling moth egg-hatching device and a newly emerged codling moth breeding device; S2, collecting hosts of different varieties; S3, determining the egg-laying selection of codling moth on different hosts; S4, inoculating newly hatched larvae; S5, obtaining data; and S6, comprehensive analysis. The method for obtaining data has the following specific operations: S51, taking newly hatched larvae and inserting them into the host; S52, recording the time when the larvae fall off the fruit; S53, recording and calculating the emergence rate; S54, transferring a pair of newly emerged codling moths fed on the same variety of hosts to the newly emerged codling moth breeding device for pairing, and recording the egg-laying amount. The invention can simply and effectively determine the egg-laying selection of codling moth adults on different varieties of hosts, and various indicators in the growth, development and reproduction process of codling moth, so as to achieve the purpose of comprehensively judging and evaluating the resistance of different hosts to codling moth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pest research, in particular to a method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth. Background Art

[0002] Codling moth is an important quarantine pest. From May to July, the larvae bore into the fruit, causing the fruit to be full of holes and rot and fall before maturity. Codling moth has a wide range of hosts, including apple, plum, pear, hawthorn, walnut and peach, and is listed in the "List of Class I Crop Pests and Diseases" of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of my country. It is also one of the most serious fruit-boring pests in the world. At present, codling moth mainly occurs in Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Ningxia, Jilin, Tianjin and other places, posing a serious threat to the two major apple producing areas of my country's Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay. In fruit production, the same kind of fruit also has many different varieties, and these varieties have different suitability for codling moth. Therefore, clarifying the resistant host varieties before the invasion of codling moth can provide technical reserves and sustainable management solutions for the comprehensive prevention and control of codling moth on the one hand, and on the other hand, it helps to predict the population development of codling moth on different hosts, and provide a reference for the monitoring and prevention of codling moth.

[0003] There are two traditional methods for determining the resistance of different hosts to codling moth: 1. Using field surveys, that is, observing the number of codling moths and the degree of damage on different host varieties to determine the resistance of different host varieties to codling moth. However, this method is easily affected by field factors such as planting methods, management methods, and types of pesticides. The experimental results are not accurate enough, and in fruit areas that have not been invaded by codling moths, the occurrence of codling moths on local varieties cannot be observed. 2. Using fruit block feeding. On the one hand, this method requires frequent replacement of fruit blocks, which can easily cause harm to the larvae and destroy the larvae's living environment, which is quite different from the actual situation. On the other hand, it requires a large number of fruits of the same variety, which has high labor costs and a large workload. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth, so as to simply and effectively determine the egg-laying selection of codling moth adults on different varieties of hosts, as well as various indicators during the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth, so as to achieve the purpose of comprehensively judging and evaluating the resistance of different hosts to codling moth.

[0005] A method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: sequentially manufacturing a codling moth egg-laying device, a codling moth egg hatching device, and a codling moth breeding device for newly emerged codling moths for standby use;

[0007] S2 collects different species of hosts for future use;

[0008] S3: placing codling moth and host into the codling moth egg-laying device in sequence, measuring the codling moth's egg-laying selection on different hosts, and obtaining the host with eggs on the surface;

[0009] S4: transferring the host with eggs on the surface to the codling moth egg hatching device, measuring the effects of different hosts on the hatching and development of codling moth, and obtaining newly hatched larvae;

[0010] S5: Determine the effects of different hosts on the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth and obtain data;

[0011] The method for determining the effects of different hosts on the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth is specifically performed as follows:

[0012] S51 Take the newly hatched larvae and place them into the host with the peeled calyx depression part;

[0013] S52 records every 24 hours whether the larvae have bored into the host, whether there is excrement on the host surface, and the time when the larvae leave the fruit;

[0014] S53 After the larvae that have been de-fruited have pupated, the pupae are peeled out and transferred to plastic fruit fly tubes. Whether they have emerged is recorded every 24 hours and the emergence rate is calculated;

[0015] S54: transferring a pair of newly emerged codling moths fed on the same species of hosts to the newly emerged codling moth breeding device for pairing, and recording the egg laying amount;

[0016] S6 conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data and summarized the host varieties that are resistant and susceptible to codling moth.

[0017] In one embodiment, the codling moth egg-laying device includes an insect cage frame, a medical gauze layer wrapped and fixed on the insect cage frame, an iron wire fixedly installed on the insect cage frame, and an absorbent cotton ball suspended by the iron wire.

[0018] In one embodiment, the codling moth egg hatching device comprises a plastic box and corrugated paper inside the plastic box; a box cover is movably mounted on the plastic box.

[0019] Furthermore, the newly emerged codling moth breeding device comprises a pudding cup, a smooth cup cover for sealing the pudding cup mouth, and gauze adhered to the inner wall of the pudding cup body; the plastic box wall and the pudding cup body are both provided with air holes.

[0020] In one embodiment, the hosts of different varieties are all at the same growth stage, have similar volumes, and have no insect holes or wounds on their surfaces; the hosts are apples of different varieties picked from orchards that have been uniformly cultivated and managed and uniformly sprayed with pesticides.

[0021] In one embodiment, the method for determining the oviposition selection of codling moth on different hosts is specifically performed as follows:

[0022] S31 Take 10 to 12 pairs of newly emerged adults of codling moth and release them into a codling moth egg-laying device;

[0023] S32 After 24 hours, the cleaned and measured hosts to be tested are dispersed and evenly placed in the codling moth oviposition device;

[0024] S33 After 24 hours, take out the hosts in S32 and record the number of eggs on the surface of each host.

[0025] In one embodiment, the method for determining the effect of different hosts on the hatching and development of codling moth is specifically performed as follows:

[0026] S41: placing the host with eggs on its surface into the codling moth egg hatching device after retaining four eggs thereon;

[0027] S42: placing a soaked cotton pad into the codling moth egg hatching device, observing the egg hatching situation every 24 hours, recording the egg stage, and calculating the egg hatching rate.

[0028] In one embodiment, the data include larval fruit infestation rate, larval pupation rate, pupal development period, emergence rate, adult pupa weight, total egg production, egg-laying period, and adult lifespan.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] Different host varieties collected from standardized orchards with unified cultivation and management models and unified pesticide application methods were selected, and it was ensured that the hosts were at the same growth stage, similar in size, and had no insect holes and wounds on the surface, effectively avoiding adverse effects on the experimental results due to planting methods, management methods and types of pesticides sprayed; whole fruit was used for feeding, avoiding external physical damage to the larvae caused by replacing fruit blocks due to fruit block rot during feeding with fruit blocks, thereby reducing external interference; the characteristic of larvae excreting insect feces along the boreholes during fruit infestation was utilized, and the excretion of insect feces was observed every day to accurately judge the survival of the larvae, overcoming the difficulty that the survival and death of the larvae could not be accurately judged when they were developing in the fruit; the codling moth oviposition device, codling moth egg hatching device and newly emerged codling moth breeding device were used to provide the codling moth with the most suitable growth conditions, avoiding the adverse effects of unknown factors on the oviposition selection, growth, development and reproduction of the codling moth.

[0031] The present invention can simply and effectively measure the egg-laying selection of codling moth adults on different varieties of hosts, as well as various indicators in the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth, so as to achieve the purpose of comprehensively judging and evaluating the resistance of different hosts to codling moth, thereby clarifying the resistant host varieties before the codling moth invades. At the same time, the population development of codling moth on different hosts can be predicted, providing a reference basis for the monitoring and prevention of codling moth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The figure shows the structure of the codling moth egg-laying device provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 The figure shows the structure of the codling moth egg hatching device provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 The figure shows the structure of the breeding device for newly emerged codling moth provided in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0035] Main component symbols

[0036] 1. Insect cage frame; 2. Medical gauze layer; 3. Plastic box; 4. Corrugated paper; 5. Pudding cup; 6. Smooth cup lid; 7. Gauze.

[0037] The above description of the main component symbols is combined with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods to further illustrate the present invention in detail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides an egg-laying device for codling moth, which is used to measure the egg-laying selection of codling moth on different hosts. The egg-laying device includes an insect cage frame 1, a medical gauze layer 2 wrapped and fixed on the insect cage frame 1, an iron wire fixedly installed on the insect cage frame 1, and an absorbent cotton ball suspended by the iron wire. In this embodiment, codling moth and the host are put into the space surrounded by the insect cage frame 1, thereby providing conditions for codling moth to lay eggs on the host.

[0041] In this embodiment, the insect cage frame 1 is covered with a medical gauze layer 2, which takes advantage of the fact that the codling moth lays eggs on a smooth surface, thereby effectively preventing the codling moth from laying eggs in places other than the host, making the measurement of the egg laying amount more accurate.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] See also Figure 2 This embodiment provides a codling moth egg incubation device, which is used to measure the effects of different hosts on the growth and development of codling moth. The codling moth egg incubation device comprises a plastic box 3, a corrugated paper 4 located in the plastic box 3, and a box cover movably mounted on the plastic box 3.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] See also Figure 3 This embodiment provides a breeding device for newly emerged codling moth, which is used to measure the effects of different hosts on the reproduction of codling moth. The breeding device for newly emerged codling moth includes a pudding cup 5, a smooth cup cover 6 for sealing the mouth of the pudding cup 5, and a gauze 7 glued to the inner wall of the cup body of the pudding cup 5. In this embodiment, the gauze 7 is glued to the pudding cup 5 to prevent the adult insects from laying eggs on the cup body, and only lay eggs on the oval smooth cup cover 6. It is only necessary to replace the cup cover and record the amount of eggs laid every day, which is simple and labor-saving.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] This embodiment provides a method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth, which is applied to the study of codling moth adult host selection and growth, development and reproduction on different hosts. This embodiment uses apple as a host as an example for illustration, and the determination method includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: sequentially prepare the codling moth egg-laying device provided in Example 1, the codling moth egg hatching device provided in Example 2, and the codling moth breeding device provided in Example 3, and set them aside;

[0049] This embodiment is illustrated by using an insect cage frame 1 of 40cm*60cm*60cm specification, a double-sided adhesive tape with a width of 10-12mm, and an absorbent cotton ball with a diameter of 4.0-5.0cm. The manufacturing method of the codling moth egg-laying device is specifically operated as follows: the insect cage frame 1 is exposed to the sun for sterilization to ensure that there are no eggs on it, and then the medical gauze layer 2 is glued to the insect cage frame 1 with double-sided adhesive to form a shell without gaps, which ensures that the egg-laying device is ventilated and air-permeable, while preventing the codling moth from flying out of the device or laying eggs on the insect cage frame 1 and the medical gauze layer 2. It should be noted that in order to facilitate the input of codling moths, the codling moth egg-laying device of this embodiment is equipped with an input port that can be opened and closed at will on the side wall to provide an input channel for codling moths.

[0050] This embodiment is described by taking a plastic box 3 with a diameter of 14 cm and a height of 9.0 cm, a pure cotton cotton pad with a size of 3.0 cm*5.0 cm, and a corrugated paper 4 with a size of 6.0 cm*5.0 cm as an example. The manufacturing method of the codling moth egg-laying device is specifically performed as follows: take a plastic box 3 with an openable lid, mark a number on the box wall, and open four ventilation holes on the box wall of the plastic box 3, and put the corrugated paper 4 and the soaked cotton pad into the plastic box 3.

[0051] This embodiment is described by taking a pudding cup 5 with an upper diameter of 9.5 cm, a lower diameter of 6.5 cm, and a height of 6.5 cm as an example. The manufacturing method of the newly emerged codling moth breeding device is specifically performed as follows: gauze 7 is fully adhered to the inner wall of the pudding cup 5 with double-sided tape without leaving any gaps, and a ventilation hole is opened in the pudding cup 5, and then a cosmetic cotton with a size of 3.0 cm*5.0 cm is placed in the pudding cup 5.

[0052] S2 collects apples of different varieties for future use;

[0053] From June to September, different varieties of apples that have been uniformly cultivated and managed and uniformly sprayed with pesticides are picked from the orchard. The picked apples are at the same growth stage, similar in size, and have no insect holes or wounds on the surface.

[0054] S3: placing codling moth and host into the codling moth egg-laying device in sequence, measuring the codling moth's egg-laying selection on different hosts, and obtaining the host with eggs on the surface;

[0055] The method for determining the oviposition selection of codling moth on different hosts is specifically performed as follows:

[0056] S31 Take 10 to 12 pairs of newly emerged adults of codling moth and release them into a codling moth egg-laying device;

[0057] S32 After 24 hours, the cleaned and measured hosts to be tested are dispersed and evenly placed in the codling moth oviposition device;

[0058] Wash the apples with water at room temperature to ensure that there are no insect eggs on the surface of the apples. After 24 hours, evenly distribute apples of different varieties into the insect cage. When placing the apples, the fruit stalk part faces downward and the calyx part faces upward.

[0059] S33 After 24 h, take out the apples in S32 and record the number of eggs on the surface of each host;

[0060] It should be noted that in order to obtain multiple groups of egg quantity data and standardize the egg-laying selection measurement process, when conducting the egg-laying selection measurement of codling moth on different varieties of apples, apples of similar size and without eggs on the surface were replaced with S32 to S33 in a cycle of 24 hours, and a total of 48 hours were recorded. At the same time, 2 mL of 10% honey water was dripped onto the cotton ball with a syringe every 24 hours.

[0061] S4: transferring the apples with eggs on the surface to the codling moth egg hatching device, measuring the effects of different apples on the hatching and development of codling moth, and obtaining newly hatched larvae;

[0062] The method for determining the effects of different apples on the hatching and development of codling moth is specifically performed as follows:

[0063] S41: the apple with eggs on the surface is placed in the codling moth egg incubation device after four eggs are retained thereon;

[0064] S42: placing a soaked cotton pad into the codling moth egg hatching device, observing the egg hatching situation every 24 hours, recording the egg stage, and calculating the egg hatching rate.

[0065] S5: Determine the effects of different apple varieties on the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth and obtain data;

[0066] The data include larval fruit infestation rate, larval pupation rate, pupal development period, emergence rate, adult pupa weight, total egg laying amount, egg laying period and adult life span.

[0067] The method for determining the effects of different varieties of apples on the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth is specifically performed as follows:

[0068] S51, under the optimum conditions of temperature 25±1°C, RH 65%±5%, and photoperiod L:D=16:8, two groups of healthy newly hatched larvae were taken with a brush and placed in the peeled apples in the calyx pit;

[0069] S52 records every 24 hours whether the larvae have bored into the apples, whether there is any excrement on the surface of the apples, and the time when the larvae leave the apples;

[0070] If no excrement is discharged from the fruit surface for three consecutive days during the larval development period, the apples are dissected to observe and determine the survival of the larvae. This embodiment utilizes the characteristic that the larvae discharge excrement along the boreholes during the period of fruit infestation, and observes whether excrement is discharged every day to accurately determine the survival of the larvae, thereby overcoming the difficulty that the survival and death of the larvae cannot be accurately determined when the larvae are developing inside the fruit.

[0071] S53: Place the larvae that have been stripped of fruit on corrugated paper 4, peel out the pupae with tweezers after pupation, weigh and record the weight of the pupae, and then transfer them to a plastic fruit fly tube with a size of 2.4 cm*9.5 cm. Record whether the pupae have emerged every 24 hours and calculate the emergence rate;

[0072] S54: A pair of newly emerged codling moths fed on the same variety of apples are transferred to the newly emerged codling moth breeding device, and the smooth cup cover 6 is covered and sealed, so that the newly emerged codling moths can mate in the pudding cup 5. A new cup cover is replaced every day and the amount of eggs laid on the replaced smooth cup cover 6 is recorded. Every 48 hours, 0.5 ml of 10% honey water is dripped onto the cotton pad in the cup with a syringe.

[0073] S6 conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data and summarized the apple varieties that are resistant and susceptible to codling moth.

[0074] In this embodiment, different varieties of hosts with unified cultivation and management modes and unified pesticide application methods are selected from standardized orchards, and it is ensured that the hosts are at the same growth stage, are of similar size, and have no worm holes and wounds on the surface, effectively avoiding the adverse effects of planting methods, management methods and types of pesticides sprayed on the experimental results; whole fruit feeding is adopted to avoid external physical damage to the larvae caused by replacing fruit blocks due to fruit block rot in feeding with fruit blocks, thereby reducing external interference; the characteristic of larvae excreting insect feces along the boreholes during fruit infestation is utilized, and the excretion of insect feces is observed every day to accurately judge the survival status of the larvae, thus overcoming the difficulty that the survival and death status of the larvae cannot be accurately judged when they develop in the fruit; the codling moth egg-laying device, the codling moth egg hatching device and the newly emerged codling moth breeding device are used to provide the codling moth with the most suitable growth conditions, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of unknown factors on the egg-laying selection, growth, development and reproduction of the codling moth.

[0075] In summary, the determination method of this embodiment has the following advantages compared to the traditional method for determining the resistance of different hosts to codling moth: it can simply and effectively determine the egg-laying selection of codling moth adults on different varieties of hosts, as well as various indicators during the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth, so as to achieve the purpose of comprehensively judging and evaluating the resistance of different hosts to codling moth, thereby clarifying the resistant host varieties before the codling moth invades; at the same time, it can predict the population development of codling moth on different hosts, providing a reference basis for the monitoring and prevention of codling moth.

[0076] The naming of each component involved is based on its function described in the specification and is not limited to the specific terms used in the present invention. Those skilled in the art may also choose other terms to describe the names of the components of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: sequentially manufacturing a codling moth egg-laying device, a codling moth egg hatching device, and a codling moth breeding device for newly emerged codling moths for standby use; S2 collects different species of hosts for future use; S3: placing the codling moth and the host into the codling moth egg-laying device in sequence, measuring the codling moth's egg-laying selection on different hosts, and obtaining the host with eggs on the surface; S4: transferring the host with eggs on the surface to the codling moth egg hatching device, measuring the effects of different hosts on the hatching and development of codling moth, and obtaining newly hatched larvae; S5: Determine the effects of different hosts on the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth and obtain data; The method for determining the effects of different hosts on the growth, development and reproduction of codling moth is specifically performed as follows: S51 Take the newly hatched larvae and place them into the host with the peeled calyx depression part; S52 records every 24 hours whether the larvae have bored into the host, whether there is excrement on the host surface, and the time when the larvae leave the fruit; S53 After the larvae that have been de-fruited have pupated, the pupae are peeled out and transferred to plastic fruit fly tubes. Whether they have emerged is recorded every 24 hours and the emergence rate is calculated; S54: transferring a pair of newly emerged codling moths fed on the same species of hosts to the newly emerged codling moth breeding device for pairing, and recording the egg laying amount; S6 conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data and summarized the host varieties that are resistant and susceptible to codling moth.

2. The method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The codling moth egg-laying device comprises an insect cage frame (1), a medical gauze layer (2) wrapped and fixed on the insect cage frame (1), an iron wire fixedly installed on the insect cage frame (1), and an absorbent cotton ball suspended by the iron wire.

3. The method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The codling moth egg hatching device comprises a plastic box (3) and corrugated paper (4) located inside the plastic box (3); A box cover is movably mounted on the plastic box (3).

4. The method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth according to claim 3, characterized in that: The newly emerged codling moth breeding device comprises a pudding cup (5), a smooth cup cover (6) for sealing the mouth of the pudding cup (5), and a gauze (7) adhered to the inner wall of the pudding cup (5); The wall of the plastic box (3) and the body of the pudding cup (5) are both provided with ventilation holes.

5. The method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hosts of different species are all at the same growth stage, of similar size, and have no wormholes or wounds on their surfaces; The hosts are apples of different varieties picked from orchards that are uniformly cultivated and managed and uniformly sprayed with pesticides.

6. The method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining the oviposition selection of codling moth on different hosts is specifically performed as follows: S31 Take 10 to 12 pairs of newly emerged adults of codling moth and release them into a codling moth egg-laying device; S32 After 24 hours, the cleaned and measured hosts to be tested are dispersed and evenly placed in the codling moth oviposition device; S33 After 24 hours, take out the hosts in S32 and record the number of eggs on the surface of each host.

7. The method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining the effects of different hosts on the hatching and development of codling moth is specifically performed as follows: S41: placing the host with eggs on its surface into the codling moth egg hatching device after retaining four eggs thereon; S42: placing a soaked cotton pad into the codling moth egg hatching device, observing the egg hatching situation every 24 hours, recording the egg stage, and calculating the egg hatching rate.

8. The method for determining the susceptibility of different hosts to codling moth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data include larval fruit infestation rate, larval pupation rate, pupal development period, emergence rate, adult pupa weight, total egg laying amount, egg laying period and adult life span.

Images