A high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum matrix composite armor and its forming method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor and a forming method thereof. The forming process is as follows: first, mix powders, then stack and compact the powders to form a fixed combination, solutionize the laminated material of the combination and immediately perform hot rolling, and then perform aging treatment. Deep cryogenic treatment can be carried out after aging; at least one layer in the intermediate layer of the laminated material before rolling is composed of powders, and the high-strength layer is located between metal plates. The high-strength layer is composed of ceramic particles and metal particles evenly mixed. The present invention first attempts to introduce powders between two metal plates. By virtue of the high activity of the powders, solutionizing is carried out first and then rolling, which can improve the diffusion of the powders and achieve better bonding. The strong and tough alternating stacking of the conch shell structure causes cracks to deflect when passing between layers, and will bypass the particles when passing through the particles in the high-strength layer to achieve deflection. This form of multiple reciprocating deflection of cracks can improve the energy absorption rate, thereby improving the impact resistance, and also greatly improving the strength and toughness of the aluminum-based composite armor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum matrix composite armor and a forming method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum matrix composites are prepared by a certain processing technology with aluminum or its alloys as the matrix and ceramic particles, whiskers, short fibers, long fibers, etc. as the reinforcements. Generally common reinforcements include SiC, Al2O3, B4C, TiC, TiB2, etc. Traditional aluminum matrix composites have the advantages of high strength, low density, good impact resistance, etc. due to the introduction of reinforcements, and thus are widely used in aerospace and other fields.

[0003] In the prior art, the research on aluminum matrix composites mainly focuses on between metal plates, while the research on the lamination of metal and powder is very rare. The composite materials formed between metals achieve strong interfacial bonding, but have poor impact resistance and toughness, severely limiting their application scope. The preparation methods for SiC / Al alloy laminated composites mainly focus on powder metallurgy and squeeze casting, while hot rolling composite technology often fails to achieve the bonding between the laminations.

[0004] The aluminum matrix composites prepared by the prior art have relatively single design of the interlayer structure, and often ignore the influence of the intermediate layer structure on the material properties. The conch shell has a unique layered structure. When subjected to impact force, this structure can generate many different crack deflection paths, and the generated cracks contribute to absorbing or dissipating the energy generated by the impact, achieving high impact resistance.

[0005] Therefore, it has become an urgent need in this field to study a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum matrix composite armor and a forming method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum matrix composite armor and a forming method thereof by overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art; the present invention realizes high interfacial bonding by using the activity of powders, and the alternating distribution of high-strength layers and high-toughness layers can make the cracks continuously deflect, improve the energy absorption rate, and further improve the impact strength of the laminated composite material.

[0007] A high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, wherein the conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor is composed of n high-strength layers and p high-toughness layers alternately distributed, and the raw materials of the high-strength layers are composed of ceramic particles and metal particles evenly mixed; the particle size of the ceramic particles is less than or equal to 200 microns; the particle size of the metal particles is less than or equal to 200 microns; the raw material of the high-toughness layer is a metal plate; among the n high-strength layers, at least 2 high-strength layers are different in material and / or composition, and n is greater than or equal to 2. Any one high-strength layer is located between two high-toughness layers.

[0008] A forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention. In the forming process, first mix the powders, then stack and compact the powders to form a fixed combination. After the stacked material of the combination is solution-treated, it is immediately hot-rolled without cooling (different from the traditional solution treatment after rolling), and then aging treatment is carried out. Deep cryogenic treatment can be carried out after aging; before rolling, the stacked material is composed of high-strength layers and high-toughness layers to form a strong and tough alternating gradient distribution, and any one high-strength layer is located between two high-toughness layers. The high-toughness layer is a metal plate; the high-strength layer is composed of ceramic particles and metal particles evenly mixed; the particle size of the ceramic particles is less than or equal to 100 microns; the particle size of the metal particles is less than or equal to 50 microns.

[0009] A forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention. In the stacked material, the high-strength layer can be one or more. When there are multiple high-strength layers, the materials and compositions of the high-strength layers can be exactly the same or different.

[0010] A forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention. In the stacked material, when there are n high-strength layers, among the n high-strength layers, at least 2 high-strength layers are different in material and / or composition, and n is greater than or equal to 2. This design can form a gradient distribution structure.

[0011] As a better gradient distribution structure design, along the thickness direction, in adjacent high-strength layers, the amount of ceramic particles gradually increases or gradually decreases, thereby forming a gradient distribution structure design.

[0012] Of course, the gradient design can also be: the content of ceramic particles in the middle layer is the lowest, and starting from this layer, along the thickness direction upward / or downward, the amount of ceramic particles gradually increases.

[0013] Of course, the gradient design can also be: the content of ceramic particles in the middle layer is the highest, and starting from this layer, along the thickness direction upward / or downward, the amount of ceramic particles gradually decreases.

[0014] Of course, a periodic design can also be adopted.

[0015] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, the thickness of a single high-strength layer is 100 - 2000 microns, preferably 500 - 1500 microns, and further preferably 1000 microns.

[0016] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, the thickness of the metal sheet is 1000 - 3000 microns, preferably 1500 - 2500 microns, and further preferably 2000 microns.

[0017] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, the high-strength layer is composed of evenly mixed ceramic particles and metal particles; the volume ratio of the ceramic particles to the metal particles is: ceramic particles : metal particles = 1 - 3 : 1.

[0018] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, the particle size of the ceramic particles is less than or equal to 200 microns, preferably less than or equal to 150 microns, and further preferably 100 - 50 microns; the particle size of the metal particles is less than or equal to 200 microns, and further preferably 100 - 50 microns.

[0019] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, the metal particles are Zn-Al alloy powder, and the content of Zn is 50% - 99%, preferably 80% - 98%, and further preferably 90% - 97%.

[0020] Preferred solution: For a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor and its forming method of the present invention, the laminated material of a single-layer high-strength layer combination is stacked in sequence as one layer of 2024Al alloy plate, one layer of mixed high-strength layer, and one layer of 2024Al alloy plate, and fixed with an aluminum alloy mold frame; wherein the mixed powder is composed of evenly mixed SiC powder and Zn-Al alloy powder.

[0021] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, the laminated material of a multi-layer high-strength layer combination is stacked in sequence as one layer of 2024Al alloy plate, one layer of mixed high-strength layer, one layer of 2024Al alloy plate, one layer of mixed high-strength layer, one layer of 2024Al alloy plate, and so on, until a multi-layer ceramic enhanced gradient distribution structure is formed by stacking in sequence after reaching the set thickness and set number of layers, and fixed with an aluminum alloy mold frame; wherein, the mixed powder is composed of SiC powder and Zn-Al alloy powder; among n mixed high-strength layers, the content of SiC powder in at least 2 high-strength layers is not equal.

[0022] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, the mass of the mixed powder in the laminated material with a single-layer high-strength layer combination is 1-40% of the total mass of two 2024Al alloy plates, preferably 15-25%. For the laminated material with a multi-layer high-strength layer combination, the thickness of the mixed powder is approximately the same as the thickness of a single 2024Al alloy plate.

[0023] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, the temperature of the hot rolling is 510-530°C, preferably 520°C, and the deformation amount is 45-60%, preferably 48-52%, and more preferably 50%. Before hot rolling, the laminated material is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 510-530°C, preferably 520°C, and kept warm for 45-75 minutes, preferably 55-65 minutes.

[0024] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, for the solution aging treatment, the combined laminated layer is kept warm at 510-530°C, preferably 520°C for 45-75 minutes, preferably 55-65 minutes for solution treatment. The laminated composite material obtained by not cooling the laminated composite material solution-treated at 520°C and directly hot rolling it is water-cooled, and then aged at 170-200°C, preferably 180°C for 24-28 hours, preferably 26 hours, and air-cooled.

[0025] The hot-rolled laminated composite material is kept warm at 510-530°C, preferably 520°C for 45-75 minutes, preferably 55-65 minutes, quenched in water, and then kept warm at 170-200°C, preferably 180°C for 24-28 hours, preferably 26 hours, and air-cooled.

[0026] Preferred solution: For the forming method of a high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor of the present invention, for the cryogenic treatment after solution aging, the laminated composite material is placed in liquid nitrogen for 18-30 hours, preferably 24 hours.

[0027] The liquid nitrogen used can be liquid nitrogen at -196°C.

[0028] The preparation method of the high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor (SiC / Al alloy composite laminated material) of the present invention is novel, and a composite material with high impact performance can be obtained in a short time.

[0029] Beneficial effects

[0030] The present invention first attempts to introduce powder between two metal sheets. By virtue of the high activity of the powder, solution treatment is first carried out and then hot rolling is performed (different from the traditional solution treatment after rolling), which can improve the diffusion of the powder and achieve better bonding. The strong and tough alternate stacking of the conch shell structure causes cracks to deflect when passing between layers, and when passing through the particles in the high-strength layer, the cracks will bypass the particles to achieve deflection. This form of multiple reciprocating deflection of cracks can improve the energy absorption rate, thereby improving the impact resistance, and also greatly improving the strength and toughness of the aluminum-based composite armor. The operation process of the present invention is simple, with low cost and short time consumption.

[0031] Compared with the conventional preparation method, the high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor obtained by the method of the present invention can ensure the interfacial bonding of the composite material and improve the strength of the interface.

[0032] In summary, the operation process of the present invention is simple, with relatively low cost, and the technological process is greatly simplified. The laminated composite material prepared has a unique structure, greatly improving the bonding strength, impact resistance and strength and toughness of the material, and high bonding strength. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 It is the impact stress-strain curve after solution aging treatment of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is the impact stress-strain curve after solution aging cryogenic treatment of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is the impact stress-strain curve of two different laminated samples of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is the single-layer SiC / Al alloy laminated composite material after rolling of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is the interface scanning diagram of the single-layer SiC / Al alloy laminated composite material after rolling of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is the model diagram and interface scanning diagram of the multi-layer SiC / Al alloy laminated composite material after rolling of Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0039] In order to further deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be introduced in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0040] It must be pointed out that the scope of the patent protection of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] (1)Prepare a number of aluminum alloy plates and aluminum alloy die frames using laser cutting technology;

[0043] (2)Powder mixing: Put SiC powder with a particle size of 100 µm and Zn-Al alloy powder with a particle size of 100 µm (zinc content is 97% and aluminum content is 3%) into a ball mill at volume ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, and ball mill for 6 h at a ball mill rotation speed of 300 r / min to obtain No. 1 mixed powder, No. 2 mixed powder, and No. 3 mixed powder respectively.

[0044] (3)Combination: Polish the surface of the aluminum alloy plate (2024Al alloy plate) smoothly to remove the oil stain and oxide layer on the surface (with a thickness of 3 mm), place it in the aluminum alloy die frame, take 20 wt% of the mixed powder and evenly spread it in the middle of the aluminum alloy block plate (that is, the mass of the mixed powder is 20% of the total mass of the adjacent aluminum alloy plates), repeat the operation, and according to the combination of 1 layer of mixed powder between 2 aluminum alloy block plates, repeat 3 times to obtain No. 1 specimen, No. 2 specimen, and No. 3 specimen successively. Among them, the mixed high-strength layer in the No. 1 specimen is composed of SiC powder and zinc-aluminum alloy powder at a volume ratio of 1:1. The mixed high-strength layer in the No. 2 specimen is composed of SiC powder and zinc-aluminum alloy powder at a volume ratio of 2:1, and the mixed high-strength layer in the No. 3 specimen is composed of SiC powder and zinc-aluminum alloy powder at a volume ratio of 3:1;

[0045] Gradient structure construction: Spread the mixed powders with different volume ratios between different laminations respectively, and finally wrap the prepared lamination with aluminum foil to prevent the combination from dispersing during rolling to form a single-layer laminated composite material; repeat the above process, evenly spread the mixed powders with different ratios between aluminum plates in turn to form a multi-layer gradient-distributed laminated composite material; in this experiment, construct a gradient structure (that is, a multi-layer ceramic gradient lamination structure) in the way of 2024Al alloy plate / 1 layer of No. 1 mixed powder / 2024Al alloy plate / 1 layer of No. 2 mixed powder / 2024Al alloy plate / 1 layer of No. 3 mixed powder / 2024Al alloy plate; the obtained stacked structure is prepared into a multi-layer ceramic gradient lamination sample according to the following method;

[0046] Prepare a set of two-layer 2024Al alloy plate laminated samples without adding powder and a set of four-layer 2024Al alloy plate laminated samples without adding powder to set up a control experiment;

[0047] (4)Conduct a hot compression experiment on the combined single-layer and multi-layer laminated materials to make the combination between the plates and the powder tight;

[0048] (5)Conduct solution treatment on the laminated composite material for 1 h at a temperature of 520 °C; adjust the parameters of the rolling mill to ensure that the reduction is about 50%, and hot roll the laminated composite material solution-treated at 520 °C without cooling quickly to obtain a laminated composite material, and measure the temperature of the rolled material to be 550 °C, and then cool it with water.

[0049] (6) The rolled laminated composite material is subjected to aging treatment for 26 h at a temperature of 180 °C and then air-cooled. The obtained sample is a solution-aging sample.

[0050] (7) The laminated composite material after solution aging is cryogenically treated by placing it in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C for 24 h. A solution-aging cryogenic sample is obtained.

[0051] (8) Several small circular blocks with a diameter of Φ6 mm are cut from the laminated composite material under different heat treatments for Hopkinson impact experiments, and the impact air pressure is 0.3 MPa.

[0052] Compared with the conventional preparation method, the SiC / Al alloy laminated composite material obtained by the method of the present invention can ensure the interfacial bonding of the composite material and improve the interfacial strength. Most of the residual stress in the prepared laminated composite material is eliminated, and the impact resistance of the material is greatly improved.

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] In Table 2, the only difference between the four-layer 2024Al laminated sample and the multi-layer ceramic gradient laminated sample is that no metal ceramic powder is added between any two 2024Al plates.

[0056] Table 1 shows the impact data of the single-layer SiC / Al alloy laminated composite material after different heat treatment processes in Example 1 of the present invention. It can be seen from Table 1 that the impact performance of the laminated composite material after cryogenic treatment in Example 1 has been improved to a certain extent. Among them, the impact strength of the powder-free solution-aging sample after cryogenic treatment is increased by 78% compared with the powder-free solution-aging sample without cryogenic treatment. The impact strength of the 1:1 mixed powder solution-aging sample is increased by 32% after cryogenic treatment, the impact strength of the 2:1 mixed powder solution-aging sample is increased by 40% after cryogenic treatment, and the impact strength of the 3:1 mixed powder solution-aging sample is increased by 45% after cryogenic treatment.

[0057] Table 2 shows the impact data of the multi-layer SiC / Al alloy laminated composite material after different preparation processes in Example 1 of the present invention. It can be seen from Table 2 that the impact strength of the multi-layer ceramic gradient laminated sample in Example 1 is about 568 MPa, which is increased by 81.47% compared with the four-layer 2024Al laminated sample without adding ceramics.

[0058] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-performance aluminum-based composite armor with a conch shell bionic structure, characterized in that: The conch shell bionic structure aluminum matrix composite armor is composed of n high-strength layers and p high-toughness layers distributed alternately, where the raw materials of the high-strength layers are composed of ceramic particles and metal particles mixed evenly; the particle size of the ceramic particles is less than or equal to 200 microns; the particle size of the metal particles is less than or equal to 200 microns; the raw materials of the high-toughness layers are metal plates; among the n high-strength layers, at least 2 high-strength layers are different in material and / or composition, and n is greater than or equal to 2; Any one high-strength layer is located between two high-toughness layers; Its forming method includes: In the forming process, first mix the powders, then stack and compact the powders to form a fixed combination, immediately hot-roll the stacked material of the combination after solution treatment, then perform aging treatment, and perform cryogenic treatment after aging; before rolling, the stacked material is composed of high-strength layers and high-toughness layers to form a strong and tough alternating gradient distribution, that is, the conch shell bionic structure is obtained; any one high-strength layer is located between two high-toughness layers, and the high-toughness layer is a metal plate; the high-strength layer is composed of ceramic particles and metal particles mixed evenly; the particle size of the ceramic particles is less than or equal to 200 microns; the particle size of the metal particles is less than or equal to 200 microns; the high-strength layer is composed of ceramic particles and metal particles mixed evenly; the volume ratio of the ceramic particles to the metal particles is: ceramic particles: metal particles = 1 - 3:1; The solution temperature is 510 - 530 °C, and the solution time is 45 - 75 min; The temperature of the hot rolling is the temperature of hot rolling immediately after solution without cooling, which is 510 - 530 °C, and the deformation amount is 45 - 60%; The temperature of the aging treatment is 170 - 200 °C, and the aging time is 24 - 28 h; The cryogenic treatment after solution aging is to place the stacked composite material in liquid nitrogen for 18 - 30 h.

2. The high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of a single high-strength layer is 100 - 2000 microns, and the thickness of the metal plate is 1000 - 3000 microns.

3. The high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of a single high-strength layer is 500 - 1500 microns, and the thickness of the metal plate is 1500 - 2500 microns.

4. The high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum matrix composite armor according to claim 1, wherein: The metal particles are Zn-Al alloy powders, and the content of Zn is 50% - 99%.

5. The high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The metal particles are Zn-Al alloy powders, and the content of Zn is 80% - 98%.

6. The high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacked material composed of multiple high-strength layer combinations is formed by stacking in turn, such as one layer of 2024Al alloy plate, one layer of mixed high-strength layer, one layer of 2024Al alloy plate, one layer of mixed high-strength layer, one layer of 2024Al alloy plate, and so on, until a multi-layer ceramic-reinforced gradient distribution structure is formed after reaching the set thickness and set number of layers, and it is fixed with an aluminum alloy mold frame; among them, the mixed powder is composed of SiC powder and Zn-Al alloy powder; among the n mixed high-strength layers, the content of SiC powder in at least 2 high-strength layers is not equal.

7. The high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum matrix composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass of the mixed powder in the stacked material composed of a single high-strength layer combination is 15% - 25% of the total mass of two 2024Al alloy plates, and the thickness of the mixed powder in the stacked material composed of multiple high-strength layer combinations is approximately the same as the thickness of a single 2024Al alloy plate.

8. The high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum matrix composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solution temperature is 520 °C, and the solution time is 55 - 65 min.

9. The high-performance conch shell bionic structure aluminum-based composite armor according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature of the hot rolling is the temperature of hot rolling immediately after solution without cooling, which is 520 °C, and the deformation amount is 48% - 52%; The temperature of the aging treatment is 180 °C and the aging time is 26 h; The cryogenic treatment after solution aging is to place the laminated composite material in liquid nitrogen for 24 h.

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