An optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device and method, the device comprises an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor laser composite system, a laser welding system, a molten pool morphology and temperature monitor, an energy intelligent distribution system and a box. The brand and composition of the material to be welded are input through the energy intelligent distribution system, and the laser energy regulation strategy is obtained by calling the database and mapping relationship. The energy intelligent distribution system wirelessly controls the laser welding system to realize composite laser energy distribution, and receives feedback from the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor, and intelligently adjusts the energy distribution ratio acting on the parent materials on both sides. The device and method are suitable for welding dissimilar materials. By controlling the energy distribution of the optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser to regulate the energy difference acting on the parent materials on both sides, the formation of intermetallic compounds in the welding of dissimilar materials can be avoided, the brittleness of the joint can be reduced, and the connection strength can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser processing, and in particular to an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, a single material is difficult to meet the needs of aerospace, weapons and equipment, and transportation. The mixed use of multiple materials can achieve the purpose of excellent performance, reduced cost, and lightweight, which inevitably involves the connection of different materials. However, due to the large differences in the composition, melting point, and thermal properties of dissimilar materials, traditional laser welding often forms a thicker multi-component hard and brittle intermetallic compound layer after metallurgical reaction due to improper heat input distribution of the parent materials on both sides, and the organization is difficult to be densely combined, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the joint. Therefore, in order to regulate the heat input, laser welding of dissimilar materials often shifts the beam to the side of the high melting point material to change the distribution of welding energy on both sides of the parent materials. However, the offset of the laser beam makes it difficult to accurately regulate the heat input on both sides of the parent materials, and cannot effectively inhibit the formation of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a laser welding energy intelligent distribution device that improves the energy distribution of the parent materials on both sides to achieve efficient welding of dissimilar materials.

[0003] At the same time, the fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding technology combines the deep melting welding mode of fiber laser with the heat conduction mode of blue light semiconductor laser welding, and combines the different absorption rates of materials to lasers of different wavelengths, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the melting depth and width, improving the stability of the molten pool, and reducing the occurrence of defects.

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the problem of strength reduction caused by intermetallic compounds in the welding of dissimilar materials, the present invention proposes an intelligent energy distribution device and method for optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding, which offsets the spot energy of the optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser, realizes intelligent energy matching of the composite laser on the dissimilar materials, and intelligently adjusts the energy distribution ratio by real-time monitoring of the weld morphology and temperature feedback. By improving the intelligent distribution of laser energy on both sides of the base material, the thickness of the intermetallic compound reaction layer is effectively reduced, the connection strength is improved, and high-quality welding of dissimilar materials is achieved.

[0005] Regarding the energy distribution of laser hybrid welding, patent CN114012261A proposes to combine visible light laser beam and near-infrared laser beam to form a composite beam for welding non-ferrous metals, and control the light emission sequence and energy distribution during the welding process. However, this hybrid welding method cannot be used to change the energy distribution of the parent materials on both sides when welding dissimilar materials.

[0006] For the welding of dissimilar alloys, patent CN105397292B adopts pre-welding cleaning, uses solid laser pulse mode for welding, and adopts side-by-side dual spot mode during welding, with the spot energy distribution being 60% on the TA15 titanium alloy side and 40% on the Ti2AlNb intermetallic compound side. However, this distribution method is only for the welding of TA15 / Ti2AlNb, and cannot perform intelligent distribution of laser energy.

[0007] Therefore, the existing laser welding devices and methods lack intelligent distribution of laser energy for the parent materials on both sides of the dissimilar materials. Further research and development of an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device and method is of great significance for engineering applications. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device, which can improve the problem of strength reduction caused by intermetallic compounds in the welding of dissimilar materials.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] An optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device and method, characterized in that it includes an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor laser composite system, a laser welding system, a molten pool morphology and temperature monitor, an energy intelligent distribution system and a box.

[0011] The optical fiber-blue light semiconductor laser composite system is used for coaxially composite a fiber laser beam and a blue light semiconductor laser beam to form a composite laser beam.

[0012] The laser welding system is used to adjust the spot position and change the laser energy distribution when welding dissimilar materials. The relative position of the conical reflector is adjusted by wirelessly controlling the mobile device through the energy intelligent distribution system, so that the central axis of the composite laser beam is separated from the central axis of the conical reflector. The composite laser beam diverges 360 degrees through the conical reflector, and then is reflected by a 45-degree annular reflector to form an annular light path, and then is transmitted through a plane lens and focused on the workpiece by a focusing lens. The highest energy point of the adjusted laser spot deviates from the midpoint position of the spot.

[0013] The energy intelligent distribution system is wirelessly connected to the laser welding system and the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor, and is used to intelligently control the distribution ratio of laser energy to the base materials on both sides. The brand and composition of the material to be welded are input into the system, and the melting point of the material to be welded is obtained by matching with the database in the system; the mapping relationship between the melting point and the moving distance d of the conical reflector is called to obtain the moving strategy; the energy intelligent distribution system wirelessly controls the mobile device according to the moving strategy to realize energy intelligent distribution; during the welding process, the energy intelligent distribution system (4) receives the feedback of the molten pool size and the maximum temperature stability from the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor, and intelligently adjusts the moving strategy of the conical reflector through the mobile device; the mapping relationship between the melting point and the moving distance d of the conical reflector is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] Wherein: r is the spot radius of the fiber laser output, d is the moving distance of the conical reflector, k is the correlation coefficient, T1 is the melting point of the high melting point material, and T2 is the melting point of the low melting point material.

[0016] Optionally, the blue semiconductor laser beam output by the blue semiconductor laser is transmitted through a plane lens, aligned by a collimating lens, reflected by a 45° reflector, and reflected by a single-sided lens, and then converges with the fiber laser beam output by the fiber laser at the single-sided lens to form a coaxial composite laser beam.

[0017] Optionally, the moving device is fixed above the plane lens, and the motor is wirelessly controlled by the energy intelligent distribution system, so that the ball nut moves in the screw rod and the slide rail, and the ball nut drives the conical reflector to move; the bottom surface of the conical reflector can be circular, elliptical, or other parabolas, thereby changing the shape of the light spot to address different grooves and gaps.

[0018] Optionally, the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor is used to monitor the molten pool morphology and temperature during the welding process, collects the molten pool size and maximum temperature as input parameters, and transmits feedback to the energy intelligent distribution system based on the target molten pool size and maximum temperature stability.

[0019] Optionally, a fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution method is provided, characterized in that dissimilar materials are welded according to a fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device.

[0020] Optionally, the following steps are included:

[0021] The first step is to fix the high melting point material and the low melting point material to be welded; the high melting point material is titanium alloy, steel, copper alloy or nickel-based alloy, and the low melting point material is aluminum alloy;

[0022] The second step is to input the brand and composition of the material to be welded in the energy intelligent distribution system, call the database, if the material brand is in the database, call the material melting point stored in the database; if the material brand is not in the database, call the closest material composition and melting point in the database, and calculate the melting point of the material to be welded by difference; obtain the movement strategy of the mobile device based on the mapping relationship between the melting point and the moving distance d of the conical reflector; wirelessly control the mobile device to execute the action of moving the conical reflector by the energy intelligent distribution system; the adjustable range of the conical reflector is ±500μm;

[0023] The third step is to make the center of the composite laser spot coincide with the weld, control the fiber laser and the blue light semiconductor laser to emit light, and start welding; the power of the fiber laser is 0-6000W, the laser wavelength generated by the fiber laser is 1050-1100nm, and the output beam diameter is 100μm; the power of the blue light semiconductor laser is 0-1000W, the laser wavelength generated by the blue light semiconductor laser is 400-450nm, and the output beam diameter is 400μm;

[0024] In the fourth step, the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor monitors the molten pool morphology and temperature in real time during welding, collects the molten pool size and maximum temperature as input parameters, and transmits feedback to the energy intelligent distribution system according to the target molten pool size and maximum temperature stability; the energy intelligent distribution system receives the feedback, outputs the control strategy, and controls the mobile device to perform the operation;

[0025] In the fifth step, the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor continues to monitor the molten pool morphology and temperature, and provides real-time feedback to the energy intelligent distribution system until the welding is completed and the fiber laser and blue light semiconductor laser stop emitting light. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to express the present device more clearly, the accompanying drawings of the present device will be introduced below.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of an intelligent energy distribution method for optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a conical reflector and a moving device provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a light spot position and energy distribution diagram before and after intelligent energy distribution of optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser acting on a heterogeneous material provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the intermetallic compound layer in the front and rear cross-sections of the optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser energy intelligent distribution provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Wherein, the reference numerals are respectively:

[0034] 1. Fiber-blue semiconductor laser composite system: 11. Blue semiconductor laser; 12. Blue semiconductor laser beam; 13. Plane lens; 14. Collimating lens; 15. Reflector; 16. Fiber laser; 17. Fiber laser beam; 18. Single-sided lens;

[0035] 2. Laser welding system: 21. Conical reflector; 22. Moving device: 221. Motor; 222. Ball nut; 223. Slide rail; 224. Screw; 23. 45° annular reflector; 24. Plane lens; 25. Focusing lens; 26. Plane lens;

[0036] 3. Molten pool morphology and temperature monitor;

[0037] 4. Intelligent energy distribution system;

[0038] 5. Box body;

[0039] Material 61, high melting point material; 62, low melting point material; 63, intermetallic compound layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0043] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0044] In the embodiment provided by the present invention, the workpiece to be welded is formed by butting two pieces of dissimilar materials, wherein the high melting point material 61 is steel and the low melting point material 62 is aluminum alloy.

[0045] Figure 1 The present invention provides an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device, Figure 2 The invention relates to an intelligent energy distribution method for optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding.

[0046] Fix the material to be welded, input the brand and composition of the material to be welded in the energy intelligent distribution system 4, and match it with the database in the system. If the material brand is in the database, call the material melting point stored in the database; if the material brand is not in the database, call the closest material composition and melting point in the database, and calculate the melting point of the material to be welded by the difference. The mapping relationship between the melting point and the moving distance d of the conical reflector 21 is called to obtain the moving strategy of the conical reflector. The mapping relationship between the melting point and the moving distance d of the conical reflector is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Where: r is the spot radius of the fiber laser output, d is the moving distance of the conical reflector, k is the correlation coefficient, T1 is the melting point of the material on one side, and T2 is the melting point of the material on the other side.

[0049] The mobile device 22 receives the mobile strategy of the energy intelligent distribution system 4 to adjust the position of the conical reflector 21. The structure of the conical reflector and the mobile device is shown in the figure. Figure 3As shown, the moving device 22 is fixed above the plane lens 24, and the energy intelligent distribution system 4 controls the motor 221, so that the ball nut 222 moves in the screw rod 224 and the slide rail 223, and the ball nut 222 drives the conical reflector 21 to move.

[0050] The fiber laser 16 outputs a fiber laser beam 17, and the blue light semiconductor laser 11 outputs a blue light semiconductor laser beam 12. The laser beams are formed into parallel beams through the plane lens 13 and the collimating lens 14. After the blue light semiconductor laser beam is reflected by the 45° reflector 15 and the single-sided lens 18, it converges with the fiber laser beam 17 at the single-sided lens 18 to form a coaxial composite laser beam. In this embodiment, the adjustable range of the conical reflector 21 is ±500μm; the power of the fiber laser is 0-6000W, the laser wavelength generated by the fiber laser is 1050-1100nm, and the output beam diameter is 100μm; the power of the blue light semiconductor laser is 0-1000W, the laser wavelength generated by the blue light semiconductor laser is 400-450nm, and the output beam diameter is 400μm. In this example, the bottom surface of the conical reflector is circular. In other implementation cases, the bottom surface of the conical reflector may be an ellipse or other parabola, thereby changing the shape of the light spot to cope with different welding grooves and gaps.

[0051] The composite laser beam is diverged 360° by the conical reflector 21 after executing the moving strategy. The diverged composite laser is reflected by the 45° annular reflector 23 to form an annular optical path, which is transmitted through the plane lens 24, focused by the focusing lens 25, and transmitted to the workpiece by the plane lens 26. The focusing lens 25 is coaxial with the composite laser beam formed by the convergence at the single-sided lens 17. The spot position of the optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser is offset before and after the energy distribution, and the energy distribution changes, such as Figure 4 In this embodiment, all lenses used are made of ZnSe polycrystalline material, and the transmittance thereof is ≥ 99%.

[0052] During the welding process, the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor 3 monitors the molten pool morphology and temperature of the welding process in real time, takes the collected molten pool size and maximum temperature as input parameters, and transmits feedback to the energy intelligent distribution system 4 according to whether the molten pool size is within the target range and the maximum temperature fluctuation range does not exceed the threshold value based on the target molten pool size and maximum temperature stability. The energy intelligent distribution system 4 receives the feedback, outputs the control strategy, and controls the mobile device 22 to perform the operation. Continue to monitor the molten pool morphology and temperature, and provide real-time feedback to the energy intelligent distribution system 4 until the welding is completed.

[0053] In this example, if Figure 5As shown, the optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser acts on the high melting point material 61 and the low melting point material 62. The hollow arrow is the welding direction. The spot of the optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser is concentric circle. The laser energy is biased toward the high melting point material 61, and the composite laser focus is concentrated at the center of the weld.

[0054] like Figure 6 As shown, the thickness of the hard and brittle intermetallic compound layer in the cross section is significantly reduced before and after the intelligent distribution of fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser energy, and the grains are refined.

[0055] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent energy distribution device for optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding, It is characterized in that It comprises an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor laser composite system (1), a laser welding system (2), a molten pool morphology and temperature monitor (3), an energy intelligent distribution system (4) and a box (5); The optical fiber-blue light semiconductor laser composite system (1) is used for coaxially composite a fiber laser beam (17) and a blue light semiconductor laser beam (12) to form a composite laser beam; The laser welding system (2) is used to adjust the spot position and change the laser energy distribution when welding dissimilar materials. The relative position of the conical reflector (21) is adjusted by wirelessly controlling the mobile device (22) through the energy intelligent distribution system (4), so that the central axis of the composite laser beam is separated from the central axis of the conical reflector (21). The composite laser beam is diverged 360 degrees through the conical reflector (21), and then reflected by the 45-degree annular reflector (23) to form an annular optical path. The composite laser beam is then transmitted through the plane lens (24) and focused by the focusing lens (25) onto the workpiece. The adjusted laser spot energy highest point deviates from the spot midpoint position. The energy intelligent distribution system (4) is wirelessly connected to the laser welding system (2) and the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor (3) to intelligently control the distribution ratio of laser energy on both sides of the base material. The brand and composition of the material to be welded are input into the system and matched with the database in the system to obtain the melting point of the material to be welded; the mapping relationship between the melting point and the moving distance d of the conical reflector (21) is called to obtain the moving strategy; the energy intelligent distribution system (4) wirelessly controls the moving device (22) according to the moving strategy to realize energy intelligent distribution; during the welding process, the energy intelligent distribution system (4) receives the feedback of the molten pool size and the maximum temperature stability from the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor (3), and intelligently adjusts the moving strategy of the conical reflector through the mobile device (22); the mapping relationship between the melting point and the moving distance d of the conical reflector is as follows: Wherein: r is the spot radius of the fiber laser output, d is the moving distance of the conical reflector, k is the correlation coefficient, T1 is the melting point of the high melting point material, and T2 is the melting point of the low melting point material.

2. According to claim 1, an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device, It is characterized in that A blue semiconductor laser beam (12) output by a blue semiconductor laser (11) is transmitted through a plane lens (13), aligned by a collimating lens (14), reflected by a 45° reflector (15), and reflected by a single-sided lens (18), and then converges with a fiber laser beam (17) output by a fiber laser (16) at the single-sided lens (18) to form a coaxial composite laser beam.

3. According to claim 1, an optical fiber-blue light semiconductor composite laser welding energy intelligent distribution device, It is characterized in that The mobile device (22) is fixed above the planar lens (24). The motor (221) is wirelessly controlled by the energy intelligent distribution system (4), so that the ball nut (222) moves in the lead screw (224) and the slide rail (223), and the ball nut (222) drives the conical mirror (21) to move; the bottom surface of the conical mirror (21) can be circular, elliptical, or other parabolic shapes to adapt to different groove and gap conditions.

4. An energy intelligent distribution device for fiber - blue - light semiconductor composite laser welding according to claim 1, characterized in that, the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor (3) is used to monitor the morphology and temperature of the molten pool during the welding process, takes the collected molten pool size and the highest temperature as input parameters, and feeds back to the energy intelligent distribution system (4) according to the target molten pool size and the stability of the highest temperature.

5. An energy intelligent distribution method for fiber - blue - light semiconductor composite laser welding, characterized in that, it uses the energy intelligent distribution device for fiber - blue - light semiconductor composite laser welding according to any one of claims 1 - 4 to perform welding of dissimilar materials.

6. An energy intelligent distribution method for fiber - blue - light semiconductor composite laser welding according to claim 5, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: The first step is to fix the high - melting - point material and the low - melting - point material to be welded; the high - melting - point material is titanium alloy, steel, copper alloy or nickel - based alloy, and the low - melting - point material is aluminum alloy; The second step is to input the grade and composition of the material to be welded into the energy intelligent distribution system (4), call the database. If the material grade is in the database, the melting point of the material stored in the database is called; if the material grade is not in the database, the composition and melting point of the material closest to it in the database are called, and the melting point of the material to be welded is calculated by difference; based on the mapping relationship between the melting point and the moving distance d of the conical mirror (21), the moving strategy of the mobile device (22) is obtained; the energy intelligent distribution system (4) wirelessly controls the mobile device (22) to perform the action of moving the conical mirror (21) by a distance d; the adjustable range of the conical mirror (21) is ±500μm; The third step is to align the center of the composite laser spot with the weld seam, control the fiber laser (16) and the blue - light semiconductor laser (11) to emit light, and start welding; the power of the fiber laser is 0 - 6000W, the laser wavelength generated by the fiber laser is 1050 - 1100nm, and the output beam diameter is 100μm; the power of the blue - light semiconductor laser is 0 - 1000W, the laser wavelength generated by the blue - light semiconductor laser is 400 - 450nm, and the output beam diameter is 400μm; The fourth step is that during the welding process, the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor (3) monitors the morphology and temperature of the molten pool in real - time, takes the collected molten pool size and the highest temperature as input parameters, and feeds back to the energy intelligent distribution system (4) according to the target molten pool size and the stability of the highest temperature; the energy intelligent distribution system (4) receives the feedback, outputs a regulation strategy, and controls the mobile device (22) to perform operations; In the fifth step, the molten pool morphology and temperature monitor (3) continues to monitor the molten pool morphology and temperature, and provides real-time feedback to the energy intelligent distribution system (4) until the welding is completed and the fiber laser (16) and the blue light semiconductor laser (11) stop emitting light.

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