A self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-locking locking device capable of single-unit driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning, belonging to the technical field of workpiece positioning and locking. It comprises a workbench for placing a workpiece, a bracket A and a bracket B fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the upper portion of the workbench, respectively, a vertical locking assembly mounted on bracket A for positioning and locking the workpiece in the vertical direction, a horizontal locking assembly mounted on the workbench for positioning and locking the workpiece in the horizontal direction, and a synchronous drive mechanism mounted on bracket B for driving the vertical and horizontal locking assemblies to move synchronously. The present invention is a workpiece locking device with a rational structure, capable of simultaneously positioning and locking a workpiece in both the horizontal and vertical directions, having a wide locking range and greater positioning and locking stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention mainly relates to the field of workpiece positioning and locking technology, specifically a self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning. Background Technology

[0002] Workpieces typically require positioning and locking during installation and cutting to improve installation and machining accuracy. Due to the wide variation in the length-to-height ratio of workpieces, the relationship between positioning and locking strokes is complex. Therefore, current technologies usually involve manually placing the workpiece on a worktable and aligning it with a reference object before using a pressure device to lock it in place. While existing technologies achieve workpiece positioning and locking, the independent operation of positioning and locking results in long operation times, high labor intensity, and low positioning and locking efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a workpiece locking device with a reasonable structure, capable of simultaneously positioning and locking the workpiece in the horizontal and vertical directions, with a wide locking range and higher positioning and locking stability.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention proposes the following solution: a self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning, comprising a worktable for placing a workpiece, and brackets A and B respectively fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the upper part of the worktable; further comprising: a vertical locking assembly mounted on bracket A for vertically positioning and locking the workpiece, a horizontal locking assembly mounted on the worktable for horizontally positioning and locking the workpiece, and a synchronous drive mechanism mounted on bracket B for driving the vertical locking assembly and the horizontal locking assembly to move synchronously.

[0005] The vertical locking assembly includes: a pressure lever hinged at one end to the upper part of the bracket A; a locking rod A slidably mounted perpendicular to the pressure lever; a baffle fixedly mounted on the upper end of the locking rod A; a roller A rotatably mounted on the lower end of the locking rod A for locking the workpiece; a spring A fitted on the locking rod A and connected at both ends to the baffle and the pressure lever respectively; a sliding sleeve slidably fitted on the free end of the pressure lever; a drive rod fixedly mounted on the side of the sliding sleeve away from the roller A; and a spring B fixedly connected at both ends to the bracket A and the pressure lever respectively.

[0006] The horizontal locking assembly includes: a guide plate fixedly mounted on the workbench, and a locking rod B slidably mounted on the guide plate in the horizontal direction.

[0007] The synchronous drive mechanism includes: a horizontally rotatable shaft A mounted on the bracket B; a vertically rotatable shaft B mounted on the bracket B; a bevel gear A and a locking plate fixedly mounted on the shaft A; a cylindrical cam unidirectionally sliding without rotating on the shaft A; a spring C fitted on the shaft A, one end of which is fixedly connected to the locking plate and the other end of which is connected to the end face of the cylindrical cam; an end face cam fixedly mounted on the shaft B and movably connected to the drive rod; a bevel gear B meshing with the bevel gear A; and a motor driving the shaft A to rotate; the end of the locking rod B furthest from the workpiece is movably connected to the cylindrical cam.

[0008] Furthermore, springs A and B are always in a stretched state.

[0009] Furthermore, the drive rod is connected to the end face cam using a geometric locking method.

[0010] Furthermore, the locking rod B is connected to the cylindrical cam using a geometric locking method.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper part of the workbench is provided with several roller grooves evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction, and rollers that rotatably abut against the lower surface of the workpiece are mounted in the roller grooves.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: The single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning self-locking device of this invention is equipped with a vertical locking component and a horizontal locking component. It can not only push the workpiece to the left so that its left end face abuts against the right side of the support frame A, but also simultaneously apply downward and leftward clamping forces to the workpiece, thereby achieving horizontal positioning and bidirectional locking. Furthermore, the cylindrical cam in the synchronous drive mechanism is installed in a unidirectional sliding manner without rotation, so that the relative magnitudes of the strokes of locking rods A and B do not affect the positioning and bidirectional locking of the workpiece. That is, changes in the length-to-height ratio of the workpiece do not affect the locking effect and quality, thus improving the range of objects that can be locked. Moreover, after the motor is powered off, the end face cam and the cylindrical cam will not rotate in the opposite direction under the locking force, thereby achieving a power-off self-locking function. Therefore, this invention is a workpiece locking device with a reasonable structure, capable of simultaneously positioning and locking the workpiece in both the horizontal and vertical directions, with a wide locking range and higher positioning and locking stability. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of a self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning according to the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the idler rollers along the worktable plane in this invention.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the cylindrical cam, spring C, and locking plate on the rotating shaft A in this invention.

[0016] In the diagram, 10—workpiece; 11—worktable; 110—roller trough; 12—support A; 13—support B; 14—roller; 21—pressure lever; 22—locking rod A; 23—roller A; 24—spring A; 25—baffle; 26—sliding sleeve; 27—drive rod; 28—spring B; 31—guide plate; 32—locking rod B; 40—motor; 41—shaft A; 42—cylindrical cam; 43—bevel gear A; 44—shaft B; 45—bevel gear B; 46—end face cam; 47—spring C; 48—locking plate. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention discloses a self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning, comprising a worktable 11 for placing a workpiece 10, brackets A12 and B13 respectively fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the upper part of the worktable 11, a vertical locking assembly mounted on bracket A12 for vertically positioning and locking the workpiece 10, a horizontal locking assembly mounted on the worktable 11 for horizontally positioning and locking the workpiece 10, and a synchronous drive mechanism mounted on bracket B13 for driving the vertical and horizontal locking assemblies to move synchronously. In specific implementation, the workpiece 10 is placed on the worktable 11, with the vertical locking assembly located directly above the workpiece 10 and the horizontal locking assembly located directly to the right of the workpiece 10. When the synchronous drive mechanism operates, the vertical and horizontal locking assemblies simultaneously lock or release the workpiece 10.

[0019] The vertical locking assembly includes: a pressure lever 21 hinged at one end to the upper part of the bracket A12; a locking rod A22 slidably mounted perpendicular to the pressure lever 21; a baffle 25 fixedly mounted on the upper end of the locking rod A22; a roller A23 rotatably mounted on the lower end of the locking rod A22 for locking the workpiece 10; a spring A24 fitted on the locking rod A22 and connected at both ends to the baffle 25 and the pressure lever 21 respectively; a sliding sleeve 26 slidably fitted on the free end of the pressure lever 21; a drive rod 27 fixedly mounted on the side of the sliding sleeve 26 away from the roller A23; and a spring B28 fixedly connected at both ends to the bracket A12 and the pressure lever 21 respectively. In specific implementation, the pressure lever 21 is provided with a linear bearing hole A, in which a linear bearing A is installed. The linear bearing A is fitted onto the locking rod A22, thereby achieving a sliding connection between the locking rod A22 and the pressure lever 21. The spring A24 is a high-stiffness metal helical spring, ensuring that the deformation of the spring A24 does not exceed one millimeter during the pressing process of the workpiece 10. The roller A23 is used to contact the workpiece 10, which reduces the frictional resistance of the workpiece 10 moving to the left, and ensures that when the pressure lever 21 is pressed against the workpiece 10 in a non-horizontal position, the direction of the reaction force of the workpiece is still along the vertical direction.

[0020] The horizontal locking assembly includes: a guide plate 31 fixedly mounted on the worktable 11, and a locking rod B32 slidably mounted on the guide plate 31 in the horizontal direction. In specific implementation, the locking rod B32 is an L-shaped folding rod, with an elastic pad installed at the end that abuts against the workpiece 10; a linear bearing hole B is opened on the guide plate 31 in the X direction along the horizontal plane, and a linear bearing B is installed in the linear bearing hole B, which is fitted onto the horizontal arm of the locking rod B32; when the locking rod B32 moves to the left, the locking rod A22 moves downward; when the locking rod B32 moves to the right, the locking rod A22 moves upward.

[0021] See Figure 1 and Figure 3The synchronous drive mechanism includes: a horizontally rotatable shaft A41 mounted on a bracket B13; a vertically rotatable shaft B44 mounted on a bracket B13; a bevel gear A43 and a locking plate 48 fixedly mounted on the shaft A41; a cylindrical cam 42 unidirectionally sliding and non-rotatingly mounted on the shaft A41; a spring C47 mounted on the shaft A41, one end of which is fixedly connected to the locking plate 48 and the other end of which is connected to the end face of the cylindrical cam 42; an end face cam 46 fixedly mounted on the shaft B44 and movably connected to the drive rod 27; a bevel gear B45 meshing with the bevel gear A43; and a motor 40 driving the shaft A41 to rotate; the end of the locking rod B32 away from the workpiece 10 is movably connected to the cylindrical cam 42. In specific implementation, a rectangular key is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft A41 along the axial direction. A straight keyway, matching the rectangular key, is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical cam 42 from left to right, parallel to the axial direction. The length of the straight keyway is less than the axial length of the cylindrical cam 42, ensuring that in the initial state, the cylindrical cam 42 can only move away from the workpiece 10 relative to the rotating shaft A41, and cannot move towards the workpiece 10. This achieves unidirectional sliding of the cylindrical cam 42 on the rotating shaft A41 without rotation. A spring C47 is installed on the side of the cylindrical cam 42 away from the workpiece 10 and is always under unidirectional compression. In the initial state, the spring C47 has a certain compressive force, which is significantly greater than the thrust that pushes the workpiece 10 to the left.

[0022] Preferably, springs A24 and B28 are always in a stretched state. In specific implementations, spring A24 is a tensile metal helical spring, and spring B28 is a tension-compression metal helical spring or a torsion spring.

[0023] Preferably, the drive rod 27 is connected to the end face cam 46 by a geometric locking method. In a specific implementation, the lower end face of the end face cam 46 is provided with a circumferential groove along the circumferential direction, and a roller C is installed in the circumferential groove. The roller C is rotatably connected to the upper end of the drive rod 27.

[0024] Preferably, the locking rod B32 and the cylindrical cam 42 are connected by a geometric locking method. In a specific implementation, the cylindrical cam 42 has a spiral groove along its circumferential surface, and a roller B is installed in the spiral groove. The roller B is rotatably connected to the end of the longitudinal arm of the locking rod B32.

[0025] Preferably, the upper part of the worktable 11 is provided with several roller grooves 110 evenly arranged longitudinally, and rollers 14 that rotatably abut against the lower surface of the workpiece 10 are installed in the roller grooves 110. In specific implementation, the roller grooves 110 are opened along the Y-axis direction in the horizontal plane, and the width of the roller grooves 110 is greater than the diameter of the rollers 14; the lower surface of the workpiece 10 is in contact with the rollers 14; when the locking rod B32 applies a leftward pushing force to the workpiece 10, the workpiece 10, which is pressed against the rollers A23 and the rollers 14 from above and below, moves to the left until the left end abuts against the right side of the bracket A12.

[0026] The working principle of the synchronous drive mechanism in this invention is as follows: the motor 40 drives the rotating shaft A41 to rotate in the forward direction, the cylindrical cam 42 rotates, and the locking rod B32 pushes the workpiece 10 to move to the left; at the same time, the rotation of the rotating shaft A41 drives the end face cam 46 to rotate through the bevel gear A43 and bevel gear B45, the drive rod 27 moves downward, the pressure lever 21 rotates clockwise, and the locking rod A22 and roller A23 move downward; when the roller A23 abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece 10 and the left end face of the workpiece 10 abuts against the bracket A12, the rotating shaft A41 stops rotating. In the above process, if the horizontal positioning stroke of workpiece 10 is greater than the vertical locking stroke, that is, the displacement of locking rod B32 is greater than the displacement of locking rod A22, since there is rolling friction between locking rod A22 and workpiece 10, the thrust that causes workpiece 10 to move to the left does not change much. Therefore, the compression of spring C47 remains basically unchanged. At this time, cylindrical cam 42 is essentially fixed on rotating shaft A41, so roller A23 presses against the upper surface of workpiece 10, and then the left end face of workpiece 10 presses against bracket A12. In the above process, if the horizontal positioning stroke of workpiece 10 is less than the vertical locking stroke, that is, the displacement of locking rod B32 is less than the displacement of locking rod A22, then the left end face of workpiece 10 presses against bracket A12 first, and then roller A23 presses against the upper surface of workpiece 10. Therefore, after the left end face of the workpiece 10 is pressed against the bracket A12, although the rotating shaft A41 continues to rotate, the workpiece 10 cannot continue to move to the left. Thus, the cylindrical cam 42 moves to the right relative to the rotating shaft A41 to compress the spring C47. In this process, the cylindrical cam 42 is equivalent to being unidirectionally slidably mounted on the rotating shaft A41.

[0027] The working process of this invention is as follows: First, the workpiece 10 is placed on the roller 14. Second, the motor 40 drives the rotating shaft A41 and the cylindrical cam 42 fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft A41 to rotate forward. The bevel gear A43 drives the bevel gear B45 to rotate, which in turn drives the end face cam 46 to rotate forward through the rotating shaft B44. The forward rotation of the cylindrical cam 42 drives the locking rod B32 to move to the left through the roller B. At the same time, the forward rotation of the end face cam 46 drives the drive rod 27 to move downward through the roller C, which in turn drives the pressure lever 21 to rotate clockwise, thereby causing the locking rod A22 to move downward. Under the thrust of the locking rod B32, the workpiece 10 moves to the left until the left end face abuts against the right side of the support frame A12, and the roller A23 abuts against the upper end face of the workpiece 10. This process is the horizontal positioning and bidirectional locking process of the workpiece 10. Third, motor 40 drives shaft A41 to rotate in the opposite direction, cylindrical cam 42 and end face cam 46 rotate in the opposite direction, roller A23 moves upward away from the upper end face of workpiece 10, and at the same time, locking rod B32 moves to the right away from the right end face of workpiece 10. This process is the process of releasing workpiece 10.

[0028] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning, comprising a worktable (11) for placing a workpiece (10), and brackets A (12) and B (13) respectively fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the upper part of the worktable (11), characterized in that, Also includes: A vertical locking assembly mounted on the bracket A (12) for vertically positioning and locking the workpiece (10), a horizontal locking assembly mounted on the worktable (11) for horizontally positioning and locking the workpiece (10), and a synchronous drive mechanism mounted on the bracket B (13) for driving the vertical locking assembly and the horizontal locking assembly to move synchronously. The vertical locking assembly includes: a pressure lever (21) hinged at one end to the upper part of the bracket A (12); a locking rod A (22) slidably mounted perpendicular to the pressure lever (21); a baffle (25) fixedly mounted on the upper end of the locking rod A (22); a roller A (23) rotatably mounted on the lower end of the locking rod A (22) for locking the workpiece (10); a spring A (24) fitted on the locking rod A (22) and connected at both ends to the baffle (25) and the pressure lever (21) respectively; a sliding sleeve (26) slidably fitted on the free end of the pressure lever (21); a drive rod (27) fixedly mounted on the side of the sliding sleeve (26) away from the roller A (23); and a spring B (28) fixedly connected at both ends to the bracket A (12) and the pressure lever (21) respectively. The horizontal locking assembly includes: a guide plate (31) fixedly mounted on the workbench (11), and a locking rod B (32) slidably mounted on the guide plate (31) in the horizontal direction. The synchronous drive mechanism includes: a rotating shaft A (41) mounted on the support B (13) in the horizontal direction, a rotating shaft B (44) mounted on the support B (13) in the vertical direction, a bevel gear A (43) and a locking plate (48) fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft A (41), a cylindrical cam (42) mounted on the rotating shaft A (41) in one direction without rotating, a spring C (47) fitted on the rotating shaft A (41) with one end fixedly connected to the locking plate (48) and the other end connected to the end face of the cylindrical cam (42), an end face cam (46) fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft B (44) and movably connected to the drive rod (27), and a bevel gear B (45) meshing with the bevel gear A (43), and a motor (40) driving the rotating shaft A (41) to rotate; the end of the locking rod B (32) away from the workpiece (10) is movably connected to the cylindrical cam (42).

2. The self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Spring A (24) and spring B (28) are always in a stretched state.

3. The self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive rod (27) is connected to the end face cam (46) by a geometric locking method.

4. The self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking rod B (32) is connected to the cylindrical cam (42) by a geometric locking method.

5. The self-locking locking device for single-machine driven multi-degree-of-freedom positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the workbench (11) is provided with several roller grooves (110) evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction. Rollers (14) that rotatably abut against the lower surface of the workpiece (10) are installed in the roller grooves (110).

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