Roadway pressure relief energy absorption comprehensive anti-scouring support system and working method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of roadway pressure relief energy absorption comprehensive anti-scouring support system and working method, belong to roadway protection technical field.System, including high-strength energy-absorbing monomer prop, anchor rod and film, wherein, roadway roof and help department are provided with anchor rod, anchor rod has the supporting effect to surrounding rock, and the internal energy accumulation of surrounding rock is relieved;High-strength energy-absorbing monomer prop is arranged in roadway, and high-strength energy-absorbing monomer prop supports roadway top end;Cave is arranged in the surrounding rock of the periphery of roadway in circular arc shape, film is arranged in the cave, and shear thickening liquid is filled in film.The present application utilizes structure regulation and control to couple chemical energy-absorbing material and high-strength support to transfer high stress around roadway, controls the deformation of surrounding rock, controls simultaneously four parts of energy, such as energy input, energy accumulation, energy dissipation and energy release of surrounding rock, while ensuring the stability of roadway near field, greatly improves the energy absorption anti-scouring capacity of roadway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system and its working method, belonging to the field of roadway protection technology. Background Technology

[0002] Rockbursts are a typical dynamic disaster encountered during coal mining. Due to their complex mechanisms, sudden occurrence, and severe destructive power, they pose a significant threat to the safe and efficient production of coal mines, becoming a pressing technical challenge for deep, green mining. Therefore, rock mass control and energy absorption technologies for rockburst-prone roadways have been a key research focus for scholars both domestically and internationally.

[0003] The essence of rock failure is the release of residual energy after external forces exceed the rock's energy storage limit. Roadway support not only needs to limit the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock, but also needs to reduce energy accumulation and absorption within the rock. Therefore, studying the instability mechanism of roadways during excavation and mining from an energy perspective is more consistent with the nature of dynamic disasters in surrounding rock. On the other hand, the theory and technology of energy-absorbing support (pressure-yielding support) are widely accepted in the field of roadway support for large deformations and those prone to impact. However, the research and application of energy-absorbing anti-impact support technology is still in its early stages, and there is room for improvement in the strength, energy absorption performance, and stability of energy-absorbing support materials.

[0004] In summary, this study addresses the phenomenon of large deformations and dynamic disasters in deep, high-stress roadways. It focuses on the energy evolution of the surrounding rock and investigates methods and technologies for controlling the stability of the surrounding rock during mining and excavation. This research has both theoretical and practical significance for the safe and efficient mining of deep and high-stress areas.

[0005] Shear-thickening fluids (STFs) are concentrated particle suspensions formed by dispersing nano- or micro-sized particles in a polar medium; they are non-Newtonian fluids. Under certain impact (shear) conditions, their viscosity increases significantly with increasing shear rate. This increase in viscosity can typically reach several orders of magnitude, and the response is fast and the process is reversible; the fluid returns to its initial state when the stress is removed. Under high-speed impact, STFs can even transform from a flowable liquid state to a near-solid state, thereby absorbing a large amount of impact energy and exhibiting excellent energy attenuation capabilities.

[0006] Chinese patent document CN114483086A discloses an energy-absorbing composite support system for protective tunnels. The system includes anchor bolts or cables, an energy-absorbing layer, and a steel truss. The anchor bolts or cables are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel to support it. The energy-absorbing layer is installed close to the inner wall of the tunnel to absorb the impact energy transmitted from the tunnel. The steel truss is installed close to the energy-absorbing layer to provide support inside the tunnel. This support system only deploys the energy-absorbing support system in the shallow part of the tunnel, which is a passive support system. Passive support cannot change the surrounding rock environment, and the entire process relies solely on physical energy absorption, resulting in limited energy absorption and erosion prevention effects. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system. It utilizes structural regulation coupled with chemical energy-absorbing materials and high-strength support to transfer high stress around the roadway, control the deformation of the surrounding rock, and simultaneously control the four aspects of energy input, energy accumulation, energy dissipation, and energy release of the surrounding rock. While ensuring the near-field stability of the roadway, it greatly improves the roadway's energy absorption and anti-scour capability.

[0008] The present invention also provides a working method for the above-mentioned roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system includes a high-strength energy-absorbing single prop, anchor bolts and membrane. Anchor bolts are installed on the roadway roof and sides. The anchor bolts support the surrounding rock, resist the deformation of the surrounding rock, and alleviate the energy accumulation inside the surrounding rock.

[0011] High-strength energy-absorbing single pillars are installed in the roadway. These pillars support the top of the roadway and can act as equivalent coal pillars, reducing the deformation of the surrounding rock. In addition, their energy-absorbing characteristics can release the energy accumulated in the surrounding rock.

[0012] The surrounding rock around the tunnel has arc-shaped cavities, each containing a membrane filled with a shear-thickening fluid. The membrane absorbs energy input from the surrounding rock and dissipates the energy.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high-strength energy-absorbing monocoque column includes a cylinder, a hydraulic piston rod, a safety valve, and a composite energy-absorbing and anti-impact component. The hydraulic piston rod is disposed within the cylinder, the safety valve is disposed outside the cylinder, and the composite energy-absorbing and anti-impact component is disposed on the hydraulic piston rod. The high-strength energy-absorbing monocoque column adopts the hydraulic column disclosed in patent document CN113756848B.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anchor bolt is a hybrid anchor bolt.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cavity is located in the deep stress peak zone of the surrounding rock around the roadway. A membrane constructs a sealed space inside the cavity, and a shear thickening fluid is injected. Utilizing its anti-impact and energy absorption properties, a chemical energy absorption effect is achieved, absorbing the energy input from the surrounding rock and dissipating the energy. The construction of the cavity can reduce the rock strength and impact tendency. While forming a deep, weak-structure energy absorption zone in the roadway, it causes the stress peak zone and the peak support pressure to shift to the deeper rock mass, reducing the stress concentration and thus reducing the intensity of impact rock pressure. While ensuring the near-field stability of the roadway, it greatly improves the roadway's energy absorption and anti-impact capability.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a steel pipe is installed in the borehole between the roadway and the cavity to protect the surrounding rock structure in the anchorage zone from being weakened by the borehole, and to avoid the stability of the roadway surrounding rock being damaged by the pressure relief effect of the shallow borehole. At the same time, a strong active support structure can be formed in the surrounding rock in the shallow anchorage zone to ensure that the shallow surrounding rock of the roadway can still exert good bearing capacity after internal pressure relief.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the film is a sealed bag made of elastic material, which can be made of PVC material. It is highly malleable, wear-resistant, and can adapt to the complex environment deep in the rock. The film is connected to a grouting pipe.

[0018] The working method and steps of the above-mentioned roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system are as follows:

[0019] (1) During the tunnel excavation period, high-strength energy-absorbing single props are installed on the side close to the working face. At the same time, anchor bolts are installed on the roof and sides of the tunnel according to the support requirements to form a shallow support system.

[0020] (2) Determine the location and depth of the pressure relief boreholes around the roadway. First, use a hole-making drill to drill in the shallow surrounding rock of the roadway. After reaching the set cavity location, make a space cavity to form a cavity, which constitutes a weak structure energy absorption zone. The cavity is far away from the surrounding rock of the shallow bearing structure of the roadway. Place the membrane in the cavity through the borehole. The membrane is connected to the grouting machine through the grouting pipe. A steel pipe is installed in the borehole.

[0021] (3) The support is completed by injecting shear thickening fluid into the membrane through the grouting pipe;

[0022] (4) During the support period, the high-strength single energy-absorbing prop can play the role of an equivalent coal pillar and form a bearing structure system together with the surrounding rock to reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock in the roadway. On the other hand, its energy absorption characteristics can release the energy accumulated in the surrounding rock in the roadway. When the surrounding rock collapses on a large scale, the high-strength single energy-absorbing prop can absorb the kinetic energy generated when the surrounding rock collapses.

[0023] The supporting function of rock bolts is to resist rock deformation and alleviate energy accumulation within the rock. The resistance to rock deformation is achieved through the shear force at the interface between the anchor section and the rock, as well as the supporting reaction force of the high-strength energy-absorbing single support column. Simultaneously, the rock between the anchor section and the high-strength energy-absorbing single support column is subjected to compressive force, thus creating a compression arch and reinforcing the rock. Furthermore, from the perspective of energy evolution, energy-absorbing rock bolts primarily release the elastic energy accumulated within the rock and absorb the released kinetic energy.

[0024] Shear thickening fluid chemically absorbs energy from the surrounding rock and dissipates the energy. The cavitation structure reduces the rock strength and impact tendency. While forming a weak structural energy absorption zone in the deep tunnel, it also shifts the stress peak zone and the peak bearing pressure to the deep rock mass and reduces the stress concentration.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] To address the vulnerability of deep coal roadways to rockburst disasters, this invention employs an active pressure relief structure with a composite energy-absorbing weak structure zone. A shallow strong support system is deployed within the roadway, utilizing structural regulation coupled with chemical energy-absorbing materials and high-strength support to transfer high stress around the roadway and control surrounding rock deformation. Simultaneously, it controls the four aspects of energy input, energy accumulation, energy dissipation, and energy release of the surrounding rock. Overall, the roadway anti-rockburst and pressure relief integrated energy-absorbing protection system significantly improves the roadway's energy absorption and anti-rockburst capabilities while ensuring near-field stability. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated energy absorption and protection system for roadway anti-scour and pressure relief in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Among them: 1. Void; 2. Thin film; 3. Shear thickening fluid; 4. Weak structure energy absorption zone; 5. Drill hole; 6. Anchor bolt; 7. High-strength energy-absorbing single column; 8. Impact energy. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system, including a high-strength energy-absorbing single support column 7, an anchor bolt 6 and a membrane 2. The roadway roof and sidewalls are provided with anchor bolts 6, which have a supporting effect on the surrounding rock, can resist the deformation of the surrounding rock, and alleviate the accumulation of energy inside the surrounding rock.

[0032] High-strength energy-absorbing single pillar 7 is installed in the roadway. The high-strength energy-absorbing single pillar 7 supports the top of the roadway. On the one hand, the high-strength single energy-absorbing single pillar 7 can act as an equivalent coal pillar, which can reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway. On the other hand, its energy absorption characteristics can release the energy accumulated in the surrounding rock of the roadway.

[0033] A cavity 1 is set in an arc shape in the surrounding rock around the tunnel. A membrane 2 is set in the cavity 1 and filled with STF shear thickening fluid. The membrane 2 absorbs the energy input from the surrounding rock and dissipates the energy.

[0034] The high-strength energy-absorbing monolithic support column 7 includes a cylinder, a hydraulic piston rod, a safety valve, and a composite energy-absorbing and anti-impact component. The hydraulic piston rod is housed within the cylinder, and the safety valve is located outside the cylinder. The composite energy-absorbing and anti-impact component is mounted on the hydraulic piston rod. The high-strength energy-absorbing monolithic support column adopts the hydraulic column disclosed in patent document CN113756848B.

[0035] Anchor bolt 6 is a hybrid anchor bolt.

[0036] Void 1 is located in the deep stress peak zone of the surrounding rock around the roadway. A membrane 2 constructs a sealed space inside void 1, and a shear thickening fluid is injected. Utilizing its anti-impact and energy absorption properties, a chemical energy absorption effect is achieved, absorbing the energy input from the surrounding rock and dissipating the energy. The construction of void 1 can reduce the rock strength and impact tendency. While forming the deep weak structure energy absorption zone 4 of the roadway, it causes the stress peak zone and the peak support pressure to shift to the deeper rock mass, reducing the stress concentration and the intensity of the impact rock pressure. While ensuring the near-field stability of the roadway, it greatly improves the energy absorption and anti-impact capability of the roadway.

[0037] A steel pipe is installed in the borehole 5 between the roadway and the cavity 1 to protect the surrounding rock structure in the anchorage area from being weakened by the borehole, and to prevent the stability of the roadway surrounding rock from being damaged by the pressure relief effect of the shallow borehole. At the same time, it can form a strong active support structure in the surrounding rock in the shallow anchorage area, ensuring that the shallow surrounding rock of the roadway can still play a good bearing capacity after internal pressure relief.

[0038] The membrane 2 is a sealed bag made of elastic material, which can be made of PVC material. It is highly malleable, wear-resistant, and can adapt to the complex environment deep in the rock. The membrane is connected to a grouting pipe.

[0039] The working method and steps of the above-mentioned roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system are as follows:

[0040] (1) During the tunnel excavation period, high-strength energy-absorbing single prop 7 is installed on the side close to the working face. At the same time, according to the support requirements, anchor bolts 6 are installed on the roof and sidewalls of the tunnel to form a shallow support system.

[0041] (2) Determine the location and depth of the pressure relief boreholes around the roadway. First, use a hole-making drill to drill holes in the shallow surrounding rock of the roadway. After reaching the set cavity location, create a cavity to form cavity 2, which constitutes a weak structure energy absorption zone. The cavity is far away from the surrounding rock of the shallow bearing structure of the roadway. Place the membrane in the cavity through the borehole 5. The membrane is connected to the grouting machine through the grouting pipe. A steel pipe is installed in the borehole 5. The hole-making drill is an existing device. It can be operated by a hydraulic hole-making drill for coal seam permeability enhancement and its hole-making method disclosed in Chinese patent document CN111577142B. Drill holes first, and then enlarge the holes.

[0042] (3) The shear thickening liquid 3 is injected into the membrane 2 through the grouting pipe to complete the support;

[0043] (4) During the support period, the high-strength single energy-absorbing prop 7 can play the role of an equivalent coal pillar and form a bearing structure system together with the surrounding rock to reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock in the roadway. On the other hand, its energy absorption characteristics can release the energy accumulated in the surrounding rock in the roadway. When the surrounding rock collapses on a large scale, the high-strength single energy-absorbing prop can absorb the kinetic energy generated when the surrounding rock collapses.

[0044] The anchor bolt 6 provides support to the surrounding rock by resisting rock deformation and mitigating energy accumulation within the rock. The resistance to rock deformation is achieved through the shear force at the interface between the anchor section and the surrounding rock, as well as the support reaction force of the high-strength energy-absorbing single support column. Simultaneously, the surrounding rock between the anchor section and the high-strength energy-absorbing single support column is subjected to compressive force, thus creating a compression arch and reinforcing the surrounding rock. Furthermore, from the perspective of energy evolution, the energy-absorbing anchor bolt primarily releases the elastic energy accumulated within the surrounding rock and absorbs the released kinetic energy.

[0045] Shear thickening fluid 3 performs chemical energy absorption, absorbing the energy input from the surrounding rock and dissipating the energy. The cavity structure can reduce the rock strength and impact tendency. While forming a weak structure energy absorption zone in the deep tunnel, it also causes the stress peak area and the peak support pressure to shift to the deep rock mass, and reduces the stress concentration.

[0046] The solutions described above are not intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the technical scope of this invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this invention without departing from the technical solution of this invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this invention.

Claims

1. A roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system, characterized in that, It includes high-strength energy-absorbing single props, anchor bolts and membranes. Among them, the roadway roof and sides are equipped with anchor bolts, which support the surrounding rock and alleviate the accumulation of energy inside the surrounding rock. High-strength energy-absorbing single pillars are installed in the roadway. These pillars support the top of the roadway and reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock. Their energy-absorbing properties also help release the energy accumulated in the surrounding rock. The surrounding rock around the tunnel has arc-shaped cavities, each containing a membrane filled with a shear-thickening fluid. The membrane absorbs energy input from the surrounding rock and dissipates the energy.

2. The roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-strength energy-absorbing single support includes a cylinder, a hydraulic piston rod, a safety valve, and a composite energy-absorbing and anti-impact component. The hydraulic piston rod is installed inside the cylinder, the safety valve is installed outside the cylinder, and the composite energy-absorbing and anti-impact component is installed on the hydraulic piston rod.

3. The roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor bolt is a hybrid anchor bolt.

4. The roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity is located in the deep stress peak zone of the surrounding rock around the tunnel.

5. The roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Steel pipes were installed in the boreholes between the tunnel and the cavity.

6. The roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The film is a sealed bag made of elastic material, and the film is connected to a grouting pipe.

7. A working method for the roadway pressure relief and energy absorption integrated anti-scour support system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: (1) During the tunnel excavation period, high-strength energy-absorbing single props are installed on the side close to the working face. At the same time, anchor bolts are installed on the roof and sides of the tunnel according to the support requirements to form a shallow support system. (2) Determine the location and depth of the pressure relief boreholes around the roadway. First, use a hole-making drill to drill in the shallow surrounding rock of the roadway. After reaching the set cavity location, make a space cavity to form a cavity, which constitutes a weak structure energy absorption zone. Place the membrane in the cavity through the borehole. The membrane is connected to the grouting machine through the grouting pipe. A steel pipe is installed in the borehole. (3) The support is completed by injecting shear thickening fluid into the membrane through the grouting pipe; (4) During the support period, the high-strength single energy-absorbing props form a load-bearing structure system together with the surrounding rock to reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock in the roadway. On the other hand, their energy-absorbing characteristics can release the energy accumulated in the surrounding rock in the roadway. When the surrounding rock collapses on a large scale, the high-strength single energy-absorbing props can absorb the kinetic energy generated when the surrounding rock collapses. The supporting function of anchor bolts for the surrounding rock is to resist the deformation of the surrounding rock and alleviate the accumulation of energy inside the surrounding rock; Shear thickening fluid chemically absorbs energy from the surrounding rock and dissipates the energy. The cavitation structure reduces the rock strength and impact tendency. While forming a weak structural energy absorption zone in the deep tunnel, it also shifts the stress peak zone and the peak bearing pressure to the deep rock mass and reduces the stress concentration.

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