Carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system and monitoring method

Abstract

The present invention provides a monitoring system and a monitoring method for formation deformation in carbon dioxide geological sequestration. The monitoring system for formation deformation in carbon dioxide geological sequestration according to the present invention includes: a reaction kettle, where the kettle lid and the kettle body define a reaction chamber; a constant temperature device; an input pipeline and an output pipeline, an input opening and closing valve is provided on the input pipeline, and an output opening and closing valve and a first back pressure valve are provided on the output pipeline; a gas inlet device, the gas inlet device includes a gas cylinder, a pressurizing device and a first pipeline; a liquid injection device, the liquid injection device includes a liquid injector and a second pipeline; a vacuum pumping device, the vacuum pumping device includes a vacuum pump and a third pipeline; a gas-liquid separation device, the gas-liquid separation device includes a gas-liquid separator, a water collection tank and a gas collection bottle; a measuring device, the measuring device includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. Therefore, the monitoring system for formation deformation in carbon dioxide geological sequestration according to the present invention has the advantages of multiple functions and accurate research results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide geological storage, and particularly relates to a carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] Carbon dioxide geological storage is to inject carbon dioxide into the ground for storage, thereby reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which is conducive to achieving carbon neutrality. However, when carbon dioxide is injected into the formation, it will interact with the formation, easily causing formation deformation, which will have a certain impact on the ecological environment and may induce some potential geological environment risks and disasters, such as vertical differential deformation of the shallow surface, induced fault activation and seismic events, etc. In order to explore the specific impact of CO2 injection on surface deformation, it is urgent to study the influencing factors of formation deformation and their influencing laws, and reduce the geological disaster risks during the process of CO2 geological storage. The research content of this patent has important practical significance for the safety assessment of CO2 geological storage technology and risk management in the engineering implementation stage, thus helping to avoid potential geological environment risks and disasters.

[0003] Natural gas hydrate, namely combustible ice, is an ice-like crystalline substance formed by natural gas (mainly methane) and water under high pressure and low temperature conditions. The accumulation of hydrates has certain exploitation value. Effectively sealing such natural gas hydrate layers is one of the key technologies to ensure safe drilling and development of deep-water oil and gas resources in the ocean. Like methane, carbon dioxide can form an ice-like crystalline substance under certain temperature and pressure conditions.

[0004] During the formation, production and exploitation of natural gas hydrates and carbon dioxide hydrates, formation deformation problems may occur during the carbon dioxide storage process. In order to avoid geological environment risks and disasters, it is necessary to study the influencing factors of formation deformation and monitor the formation deformation situation.

[0005] To study the problem of formation deformation monitoring during the carbon dioxide geological storage and the formation, production and exploitation of natural gas hydrates and carbon dioxide hydrates, and to avoid potential geological environment disaster risks and disasters, an experimental device for monitoring the formation deformation during carbon dioxide storage is urgently needed, which is used to simulate the integrated process of natural gas hydrate formation, production and carbon dioxide storage under certain temperature and pressure conditions, so as to truly and reliably simulate the carbon dioxide geological storage process and the formation and decomposition process of hydrates.

[0006] The existing similar experimental devices have simple and single functions, inaccurate temperature and pressure control, resulting in inaccurate measurement of experimental results and large errors in the experiment. It is difficult to load and unload samples, the experimental operation is inconvenient, the experimental process cannot be better controlled, and there are even potential safety hazards, which bring great inconvenience to the development of experimental research. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. For this purpose, an embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon dioxide geological sequestration formation deformation monitoring system and a monitoring method.

[0008] The carbon dioxide geological sequestration formation deformation monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0009] A reaction kettle, which includes a kettle body and a kettle cover, and the kettle cover and the kettle body define a reaction chamber;

[0010] A constant temperature device, which is used to adjust the temperature in the reaction chamber;

[0011] An input pipeline and an output pipeline, the outlet of the input pipeline is communicated with the reaction chamber, the inlet of the output pipeline is communicated with the reaction chamber, an input opening and closing valve is arranged on the input pipeline, and an output opening and closing valve and a first back pressure valve are arranged on the output pipeline;

[0012] A gas introduction device, which includes a gas cylinder, a pressurization device and a first pipeline, the gas cylinder, the pressurization device, the first pipeline and the input pipeline are communicated in sequence, and a second back pressure valve is arranged on the first pipeline;

[0013] A liquid injection device, which includes a liquid injector and a second pipeline, the liquid injector, the second pipeline and the input pipeline are communicated in sequence, and a third back pressure valve is arranged on the second pipeline;

[0014] A vacuum pumping device, which includes a vacuum pump and a third pipeline, and the input pipeline is communicated with the vacuum pump through the third pipeline;

[0015] A gas-liquid separation device, which includes a gas-liquid separator, a water collecting tank and a gas collecting bottle, a first inlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the output pipeline, a first outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the water collecting tank, and a second outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the gas collecting bottle;

[0016] A measuring device, which includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. A temperature sensor and a displacement sensor extending into the reaction chamber are arranged on the reaction kettle. The displacement sensor is used to monitor the movement of the simulated formation in the reaction chamber, and pressure sensors and temperature sensors are arranged on both the input pipeline and the output pipeline.

[0017] Therefore, the carbon dioxide geological sequestration formation deformation monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of multiple types of experiments and accurate experimental results.

[0018] The formation deformation monitoring system for geological carbon dioxide sequestration in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a fifth pipeline, both ends of the fifth pipeline are respectively communicated with the input pipeline and the output pipeline, and a differential pressure sensor and two opening and closing valves located on both sides of the differential pressure sensor in the extending direction of the fifth pipeline are provided on the fifth pipeline.

[0019] The formation deformation monitoring system for geological carbon dioxide sequestration in the embodiment of the present invention includes a sixth pipeline, both ends of the sixth pipeline are respectively communicated with the input pipeline and the output pipeline, and an opening and closing valve is provided on the sixth pipeline.

[0020] In some embodiments, the pressurizing device includes

[0021] a gas booster pump, the gas booster pump is arranged in the first section of the first pipeline, and the first section is connected to the gas cylinder;

[0022] an intermediate storage container, the intermediate storage container is communicated with the second section of the first pipeline, and opening and closing valves are provided at both ends of the second section, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are located between the two opening and closing valves in the extending direction of the second section.

[0023] In some embodiments, the pressurizing device further includes

[0024] a first water injection tank;

[0025] a first pump body;

[0026] at least one first piston container, each first piston container is separated by a piston into a gas chamber and a first pressurizing chamber, the first water injection tank, the first pump body and the first pressurizing chamber are communicated in sequence, the gas chamber is used to accommodate the gas introduced into the reaction chamber, the gas chamber is communicated with the third section of the first pipeline, the first section, the second section and the third section are communicated in sequence, opening and closing valves are provided at both ends of the third section, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are located between the two opening and closing valves in the extending direction of the third section, and an opening and closing valve is provided at the outlet of each gas chamber and the inlet of each first pressurizing chamber.

[0027] In some embodiments, a first one-way valve and the second back pressure valve are provided on the fourth section of the first pipeline, and the first section, the second section, the third section, the fourth section and the input pipeline are communicated in sequence;

[0028] There are multiple gas cylinders, the outlet of each gas cylinder is communicated with the first section, and an opening and closing valve and a gas flowmeter are provided at the outlet of each gas cylinder;

[0029] The constant temperature device is an incubator, which includes a box body and a box door. The box body and the box door define a constant temperature chamber, and the reaction kettle can enter the constant temperature chamber.

[0030] In some embodiments, the liquid injector includes a second pump body, a second water injection tank, and a plurality of second piston containers. Each second piston container is separated by a piston into a liquid chamber and a second pressurizing chamber. The second water injection tank, the second pump body, and the second pressurizing chamber are connected in sequence. The liquid chamber is used to hold the liquid introduced into the reaction chamber, and the liquid chamber is connected to the inlet of the second pipeline. An opening and closing valve is provided at the outlet of each liquid chamber and the inlet of each second pressurizing chamber.

[0031] In some embodiments, the output pipeline includes

[0032] A fifth section, on which a first output opening and closing valve, a second output opening and closing valve, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor located between the first output opening and closing valve and the second output opening and closing valve in the extending direction of the fifth section are provided. The sixth pipeline is connected to a part located between the first output opening and closing valve and the second output opening and closing valve in the extending direction of the fifth section;

[0033] A sixth section, the fifth section, the first back pressure valve, the sixth section, and the gas-liquid separation device are connected in sequence. A third output opening and closing valve, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor are provided on the sixth section.

[0034] In some embodiments, the first inlet is connected to the outlet of the output pipeline, and the first outlet is located below the second outlet;

[0035] The water collection tank is connected to the first outlet through a seventh pipeline, and an opening and closing valve is provided on the seventh pipeline. Scale lines are provided on the water collection tank and / or the water collection tank is placed on a platform scale;

[0036] The gas collection bottle is connected to the second outlet through an eighth pipeline. An opening and closing valve, a dryer, a third one-way valve, and a gas flow meter are provided in sequence on the eighth pipeline in the gas flow direction.

[0037] In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system further includes an annular pressure device. The annular pressure device includes a pressurizing pump, a pressurizing storage container, and a fourth pipeline. A lining is provided inside the kettle body, and an annular pressure chamber is defined between the lining and the kettle body. The lining and the kettle cover define the reaction chamber. The pressurizing pump, the pressurizing storage container, and the annular pressure chamber are connected in sequence through the fourth pipeline;

[0038] A plurality of temperature sensor through-holes, a plurality of displacement sensor through-holes, and a plurality of vertical well through-holes are provided at intervals on the kettle cover. A plurality of temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the plurality of temperature sensor through-holes and extend into the reaction chamber. A plurality of displacement sensors are respectively arranged in the plurality of displacement sensor through-holes and extend into the reaction chamber. A plurality of vertical wellbores are respectively arranged in the plurality of vertical well through-holes and extend into the reaction chamber. A detection disk is provided at the lower part of the displacement sensor, and the thickness direction of the detection disk is the up-down direction;

[0039] A plurality of horizontal well through-holes are provided on the kettle body. A plurality of horizontal wellbores are respectively arranged in the plurality of horizontal well through-holes and extend into the reaction chamber. The horizontal wellbores and the vertical wellbores are both communicated with the input pipeline.

[0040] In some embodiments, the plurality of vertical well through-holes are arranged in a matrix on the kettle cover, and one vertical well through-hole is arranged at the center of the kettle cover;

[0041] The plurality of displacement sensor through-holes are arranged in a matrix on the kettle cover;

[0042] The plurality of temperature sensor through-holes are distributed on multiple groups of temperature sensor through-holes arranged at intervals from outside to inside along the radial direction of the kettle cover.

[0043] The present invention also proposes a monitoring method using the above-mentioned carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system, including the following steps:

[0044] S1. Check the airtightness of the reaction chamber of the reaction kettle and install rock samples for simulating the formation in the reaction chamber;

[0045] S2. Use a vacuum pumping device to evacuate the reaction chamber;

[0046] S3. Use a heat preservation device to adjust the internal temperature of the reaction chamber;

[0047] S4. Pass gas into the reaction chamber through a gas inlet device and measure the injection amount, and / or pass a measured injection amount of liquid into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device. Use a displacement sensor to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample, and the pressure in the reaction chamber can be adjusted by using a back pressure valve;

[0048] S5. Change at least one of the temperature, pressure, rock sample composition, gas composition passed in, liquid composition passed in, and the ratio of the amount of gas and liquid passed in the reaction chamber to carry out a comparative experiment.

[0049] In some embodiments, in step S4, carbon dioxide is passed into the reaction chamber through a gas inlet device and the injection amount is measured, and a displacement sensor is used to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample;

[0050] Alternatively, in the step S4, carbon dioxide is introduced into the reaction chamber through a gas introduction device and the injection amount is measured, a measured injection amount is introduced into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, and a displacement sensor is used to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample;

[0051] Alternatively, in the step S4, methane is introduced into the reaction chamber through a gas introduction device and the injection amount is measured, a measured injection amount is introduced into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, and a displacement sensor is used to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample;

[0052] Alternatively, in the step S4, the temperature in the reaction chamber is reduced to a preset temperature, a gas is pressurized to a preset value by a gas introduction device and then introduced into the reaction chamber and the injection amount is measured, a measured injection amount is introduced into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, so that hydrates are generated in the reaction chamber and a displacement sensor is used to detect the first deformation amount of the rock sample;

[0053] Alternatively, in the step S4, the temperature in the reaction chamber is reduced to a preset temperature, a gas is pressurized to a preset value by a gas introduction device and then introduced into the reaction chamber and the injection amount is measured, a measured injection amount is introduced into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, so that hydrates are generated in the reaction chamber and a displacement sensor is used to detect the first deformation amount of the rock sample, and then the temperature in the reaction chamber is increased and / or the pressure in the reaction chamber is reduced so that the hydrates decompose and a displacement sensor is used to detect the second deformation amount of the rock sample. Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a reaction kettle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a kettle lid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a kettle lid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a kettle lid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Reference Signs:

[0060] Carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100;

[0061] Reactor 1, reactor body 11, reactor cover 12, temperature sensor through-hole 13, displacement sensor through-hole 14, vertical well through-hole 15, horizontal well through-hole 16;

[0062] Constant temperature box 2;

[0063] Input pipeline 3, input opening and closing valve 31;

[0064] Output pipeline 4, fifth section 41, sixth section 42, first output opening and closing valve 43, second output opening and closing valve 44, third output opening and closing valve 45, first back pressure valve 46;

[0065] First pipeline 5, first section 501, second section 502, third section 503, fourth section 504, second back pressure valve 51, gas cylinder 52, gas booster pump 53, intermediate storage container 54, first water injection tank 55, first pump body 56, first piston container 57, gas chamber 571, first pressurization chamber 572, first one-way valve 58;

[0066] Second pipeline 6, second pump body 61, second water injection tank 62, second piston container 63, liquid chamber 631, second pressurization chamber 632, third back pressure valve 64, second one-way valve 65;

[0067] Third pipeline 71, vacuum pump 72, pressurization pump 73, pressurized storage container 74, fourth pipeline 75, fifth pipeline 76, differential pressure sensor 761, sixth pipeline 77, seventh pipeline 78, eighth pipeline 79;

[0068] Gas-liquid separator 8, first inlet 801, first outlet 802, second outlet 803, water collection tank 81, gas collection bottle 82, dryer 83, platform scale 84, third one-way valve 85;

[0069] Displacement sensor 91, pressure sensor 92, temperature sensor 93, opening and closing valve 94, gas flowmeter 95, back pressure valve control device. Specific embodiments

[0070] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0071] The carbon dioxide geological sequestration formation deformation monitoring system 100 according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As Figures 1 to 5 shown, the carbon dioxide geological sequestration formation deformation monitoring system 100 according to the embodiments of the present invention includes a reactor 1, a constant temperature device, an input pipeline 3, an output pipeline 4, a gas introduction device, a liquid injection device, a vacuum pumping device, a gas-liquid separation device, and a measurement device.

[0072] The reaction kettle 1 includes a kettle body 11 and a kettle cover 12, and the kettle cover 12 and the kettle body 11 define a reaction chamber. The constant temperature device is used to adjust the temperature in the reaction chamber. The outlet of the input pipeline 3 is communicated with the reaction chamber, and the inlet of the output pipeline 4 is communicated with the reaction chamber. An input opening and closing valve 31 is provided on the input pipeline 3, and an output opening and closing valve and a first back pressure valve 46 are provided on the output pipeline 4.

[0073] The gas introduction device includes a gas cylinder 52, a pressurizing device and a first pipeline 5. The gas cylinder 52, the pressurizing device, the first pipeline 5 and the input pipeline 3 are communicated in sequence. A second back pressure valve 51 is provided on the first pipeline 5. The liquid injection device includes a liquid injector and a second pipeline 6. The liquid injector, the second pipeline 6 and the input pipeline 3 are communicated in sequence. A third back pressure valve 64 is provided on the second pipeline 6.

[0074] The vacuum pumping device includes a vacuum pump 72 and a third pipeline 71. The input pipeline 3 is communicated with the vacuum pump 72 through the third pipeline 71. The gas-liquid separation device includes a gas-liquid separator 8, a water collection tank 81 and a gas collection bottle 82. The first inlet 801 of the gas-liquid separator 8 is communicated with the output pipeline 4. The first outlet 802 of the gas-liquid separator 8 is communicated with the water collection tank 81. The second outlet 803 of the gas-liquid separator 8 is communicated with the gas collection bottle 82. The measuring device includes a displacement sensor 91, a pressure sensor 92 and a temperature sensor 93. A temperature sensor 93 and a displacement sensor 91 extending into the reaction chamber are provided on the reaction kettle 1. The displacement sensor 91 is used to monitor the movement of the simulated formation in the reaction chamber. Pressure sensors 92 and temperature sensors 93 are provided on both the input pipeline 3 and the output pipeline 4.

[0075] According to the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, by setting the reaction kettle 1, the constant temperature device, the input pipeline 3, the output pipeline 4, the gas introduction device, the liquid injection device, the vacuum pumping device, the gas-liquid separation device and the measuring device. Thus, before the experiment, the reaction chamber can be evacuated by the vacuum pumping device to reduce the influence of the air in the reaction chamber on the experiment. The constant temperature device can be used to control the temperature in the reaction chamber, and the pressurizing device can make the rock sample of the simulated formation in the reaction chamber under a preset pressure. The measuring device can monitor the rock sample of the simulated formation in the reaction chamber to obtain the required experimental results.

[0076] The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a gas inlet device and a liquid injection device. Thus, at least one of a gas, a liquid, and a gas-liquid mixture can be introduced into the reaction cavity through the gas inlet device and the liquid injection device, so that the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can be used for carbon dioxide utilization and geological storage simulation research, and can also carry out the process of carbon dioxide hydrate or natural gas hydrate formation and production. That is to say, the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can conduct a variety of experiments.

[0077] An input opening and closing valve 31 is provided on the input pipeline 3 of the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and an output opening and closing valve and a first back pressure valve 46 are provided on the output pipeline 4. A second back pressure valve 51 is provided on the first pipeline 5. A third back pressure valve 64 is provided on the second pipeline 6. The first back pressure valve 46 can adjust the minimum pressure of the output (medium) in the output pipeline 4, the second back pressure valve 51 can adjust the minimum pressure of the output (gas) in the first pipeline 5, and the third back pressure valve 64 can adjust the minimum pressure of the output (liquid) in the second pipeline 6. Pressure sensors 92 and temperature sensors 93 are provided on both the input pipeline 3 and the output pipeline 4, so as to facilitate monitoring the temperature and pressure of the gas and liquid flowing into and out of the reaction cavity, and adjust the temperature and pressure of the gas and liquid flowing into and out of the reaction cavity according to the values of the pressure sensors 92 and temperature sensors 93, so that the amount of the gas and liquid flowing into and out of the reaction cavity is more accurate, and the temperature and pressure in the reaction cavity are accurately controlled, so that the measurement accuracy of the experimental results is high, that is, the experimental results are more accurate.

[0078] Therefore, the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of a variety of experiment types and accurate experimental results.

[0079] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction kettle 1, a constant temperature device, an input pipeline 3, an output pipeline 4, a gas inlet device, a liquid injection device, a vacuum pumping device, an annular pressure device, a gas-liquid separation device, and a measuring device.

[0080] As Figure 2 shown, the reaction kettle 1 includes a kettle body 11 and a kettle cover 12, and the kettle cover 12 and the kettle body 11 define a reaction cavity. Specifically, the kettle cover 12 is arranged on the top of the kettle body 11. The reaction kettle 1 can be cube-shaped or cylindrical, and the working pressure of the reaction cavity is greater than or equal to 0 Mpa and less than or equal to 100 Mpa. For example, the reaction kettle 1 is cylindrical.

[0081] The confining pressure device includes a pressure pump 73, a pressure storage container 74, and a fourth pipeline 75. A lining is provided inside the kettle body 11, and a confining pressure chamber is defined between the lining and the kettle body 11. A reaction chamber is defined between the lining and the kettle lid 12. The pressure pump 73, the pressure storage container 74, and the confining pressure chamber are sequentially connected through the fourth pipeline 75. Specifically, the lining inside the kettle body 11 is made of a flexible material. After the rock sample is placed in the lining, the pressure pump 73 introduces gas into the confining pressure chamber so that the periphery of the rock sample in the reaction chamber has a confining pressure, thereby making the simulated rock formation environment more realistic. For example, the lining is made of a rubber material.

[0082] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, the measuring device includes a displacement sensor 91, a pressure sensor 92, and a temperature sensor 93. A temperature sensor 93 and a displacement sensor 91 extending into the reaction chamber are provided on the reaction kettle 1. The displacement sensor 91 is used to monitor the movement of the simulated formation in the reaction chamber. Pressure sensors 92 and temperature sensors 93 are provided on both the input pipeline 3 and the output pipeline 4. That is to say, the displacement sensor 91, the pressure sensor 92, and the temperature sensor 93 are used to detect the experimental data inside and outside the reaction chamber.

[0083] As Figure 1 shown, the constant temperature device is used to adjust the temperature in the reaction chamber so that the temperature in the reaction chamber meets the experimental requirements.

[0084] In some embodiments, the constant temperature device is a constant temperature box 2. The constant temperature box 2 includes a box body and a box door. The box body and the box door define a constant temperature chamber, and the reaction kettle 1 can enter the constant temperature chamber. Load-bearing universal casters are provided at the bottoms of the box body and the kettle body 11 so that the reaction kettle 1 can freely enter and exit the constant temperature chamber.

[0085] As Figure 1 shown, the outlet of the input pipeline 3 is communicated with the reaction chamber, and an input opening and closing valve 31 is provided on the input pipeline 3. Specifically, the outlet of the input pipeline 3 can extend into the constant temperature chamber and be communicated with the reaction chamber. After the opening and closing valve 31 is opened, experimental media (gas, liquid) can be input into the reaction chamber through the input pipeline 3.

[0086] As Figure 1 shown, the inlet of the output pipeline 4 is communicated with the reaction chamber, and an output opening and closing valve and a first back pressure valve 46 are provided on the output pipeline 4. Specifically, the inlet of the output pipeline 4 is communicated with the bottom side of the reaction chamber, and the communication of the output pipeline 4 can be opened or closed through the output opening and closing valve. The first back pressure valve 46 can adjust the minimum output pressure in the output pipeline 4 through the back pressure valve control device 96, thereby facilitating the control of the medium flow rate in the output pipeline 4.

[0087] In some embodiments, the output pipeline 4 includes a fifth section 41 and a sixth section 42.

[0088] A first output opening and closing valve 43, a second output opening and closing valve 44, a pressure sensor 92 and a temperature sensor 93 located between the first output opening and closing valve 43 and the second output opening and closing valve 44 in the extending direction of the fifth stage 41 are provided on the fifth stage 41. The fifth stage 41, the first back pressure valve 46, the sixth stage 42 and the gas-liquid separation device are connected in sequence. A third output opening and closing valve 45, a pressure sensor 92 and a temperature sensor 93 are provided on the sixth stage 42. Thus, the corresponding pressure sensor 92 and temperature sensor 93 can detect the temperature and pressure of the fifth stage 41 and the sixth stage 42, and the back pressure valve control device 96 adjusts the first back pressure valve 46 so that the minimum pressure introduced into the sixth stage 42 is adjustable.

[0089] As Figure 1 shown, the gas introduction device includes a gas cylinder 52, a pressurizing device and a first pipeline 5. The gas cylinder 52, the pressurizing device, the first pipeline 5 and the input pipeline 3 are connected in sequence. A second back pressure valve 51 is provided on the first pipeline 5, and the back pressure valve control device 96 can adjust the second back pressure valve 51.

[0090] The first pipeline 5 includes a first stage 501, a second stage 502, a third stage 503 and a fourth stage 504. The first stage 501, the second stage 502, the third stage 503, the fourth stage 504 and the input pipeline 3 are connected in sequence. A first one-way valve 58 and a second back pressure valve are provided on the fourth stage 504 of the first pipeline 5, so as to facilitate the gas flow to the reaction chamber and adjust the minimum pressure of the gas flowing out of the first pipeline 5.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first stage 501, the second stage 502, the third stage 503 and the fourth stage 504 are sequentially connected through opening and closing valves 94.

[0092] There are multiple gas cylinders 52, and the outlet of each gas cylinder 52 is connected to the first stage 501. The gas cylinders 52 are used to store the gas introduced into the reaction chamber. An opening and closing valve 94 and a gas flowmeter are provided at the outlet of each gas cylinder 52, so as to measure the flow rate of the used gas.

[0093] In some embodiments, the pressurizing device includes a gas booster pump 53, an intermediate storage container 54, a first water injection tank 55, a first pump body 56 and at least one first piston container 57.

[0094] The gas booster pump 53 is provided with an air compressor cooperating therewith, and the gas booster pump 53 is communicated with the air compressor through a pipeline having an opening and closing valve. The gas booster pump 53 is arranged in the first section 501 of the first pipeline 5, and the first section 501 is connected to the gas cylinder 52. The intermediate storage container 54 is communicated with the second section 502 of the first pipeline 5. The second section 502 is provided with opening and closing valves 94 at both ends, and a pressure sensor 92 and a temperature sensor 93 between the two opening and closing valves 94 in the extending direction of the second section 502. The opening and closing valves 94 provided at both ends of the second section 502 facilitate the entry of gas into the intermediate storage container 54 for pressurization, and the pressure sensor 92 and the temperature sensor 93 between the two opening and closing valves 94 facilitate the detection of the gas pressure in the intermediate storage container 54 and the second section 502.

[0095] Each first piston container 57 is separated by a (movable) piston into a gas chamber 571 and a first pressurizing chamber 572. The first water injection tank 55, the first pump body 56 and the first pressurizing chamber 572 are communicated in sequence. The gas chamber 571 is used to accommodate the gas introduced into the reaction chamber, and the gas chamber 571 is communicated with the third section 503 of the first pipeline 5. The first section 501, the second section 502 and the third section 503 are communicated in sequence. The third section 503 is provided with opening and closing valves 94 at both ends, and a pressure sensor 92 and a temperature sensor 93 between the two opening and closing valves 94 in the extending direction of the third section 503. Opening and closing valves 94 are provided at the outlet of each gas chamber 571 and the inlet of each first pressurizing chamber 572. After the first pump body 56 injects the liquid in the first water injection tank 55 into the first pressurizing chamber 572, the gas in the gas chamber 571 can be compressed to further pressurize the gas. For example, the number of the first piston containers 57 is two.

[0096] After the gas in the gas cylinder 52 enters the first section 501 through the gas booster pump 53, the opening and closing valve 94 adjacent to the first section 501 on the second section 502 is opened so that the gas continuously enters the intermediate storage container 54, and the gas is compressed. By closing the opening and closing valve 94 adjacent to the first section 501 on the second section 502 and then opening the opening and closing valve 94 adjacent to the third section 503 on the second section 502, the gas can be introduced into the gas chamber 571. After closing the opening and closing valve 94 adjacent to the third section 503 on the second section 502, the first pump body 56 is started to inject the liquid in the first water injection tank 55 into the first pressurizing chamber 572, and then the piston moves to compress the gas in the gas chamber 571. After the gas in the gas chamber 571 and the third section 503 meets the required pressure, the opening and closing valve 94 adjacent to the fourth section 504 on the third section 503 is opened so that the gas can be introduced into the fourth section 504 and finally into the reaction chamber.

[0097] As Figure 1As shown, the liquid injection device includes a liquid injector and a second pipeline 6. The liquid injector, the second pipeline 6, and the input pipeline 3 are connected in sequence. A third backpressure valve 64 is provided on the second pipeline 6. Specifically, a second one-way valve 65 is provided on the first pipeline 5, and the second one-way valve 65 is located between the third backpressure valve 64 and the liquid injector in the extending direction of the first pipeline 5. Liquid and gas can be mixed in the input pipeline 3.

[0098] The liquid injector includes a second pump body 61, a second water injection tank 62, and a plurality of second piston containers 63. Each second piston container 63 is separated by a (movable) piston into a liquid chamber 631 and a second pressurizing chamber 632. The second water injection tank 62, the second pump body 61, and the second pressurizing chamber 632 are connected in sequence. The liquid chamber 631 is used to hold the liquid introduced into the reaction chamber. The liquid chamber 631 is communicated with the inlet of the second pipeline 6. Opening and closing valves 94 are provided at the outlet of each liquid chamber 631 and the inlet of each second pressurizing chamber 632. Thus, after the second pump body 61 injects the liquid in the second water injection tank 62 into the second pressurizing chamber 632, the liquid in the corresponding liquid chamber 631 can be compressed so that the liquid in the liquid chamber 631 passes through the second one-way valve 65 and the third backpressure valve 64 and then enters the reaction chamber. The third backpressure valve 64 can make the liquid introduced into the reaction chamber have a preset pressure.

[0099] As Figure 1 shown, the vacuum pumping device includes a vacuum pump 72 and a third pipeline 71. The input pipeline 3 is communicated with the vacuum pump 72 through the third pipeline 71. Specifically, after the opening and closing valve 94 on the third pipeline 71 is opened, the vacuum pump 72 is started to pump the reaction chamber to a vacuum, so as to make the experiment more accurate.

[0100] As Figure 1 shown, the gas-liquid separation device includes a gas-liquid separator 8, a water collection tank 81, and a gas collection bottle 82.

[0101] The first inlet 801 of the gas-liquid separator 8 is communicated with the output pipeline 4. The first outlet 802 of the gas-liquid separator 8 is communicated with the water collection tank 81. The second outlet 803 of the gas-liquid separator 8 is communicated with the gas collection bottle 82. Specifically, the working pressure of the gas-liquid separator 8 is greater than or equal to 30 Mpa. The gas-liquid separator 8 is a bottle-shaped container. The first inlet 801 is communicated with the outlet of the output pipeline 4. The first outlet 802 is located below the second outlet 803. The water collection tank 81 is communicated with the first outlet 802 through a seventh pipeline 78. An opening and closing valve 94 is provided on the seventh pipeline 78. A scale line is provided on the water collection tank 81 and / or the water collection tank 81 is placed on a weighing scale 84. Thus, the amount of liquid introduced into the water collection tank 81 can be detected. For example, the water collection tank 81 is placed on the weighing scale 84.

[0102] The gas collecting cylinder 82 is communicated with the second outlet 803 through the eighth pipeline 79. The eighth pipeline 79 is successively provided with a switching valve 94, a dryer 83, a third one-way valve 85 and a gas flowmeter 95 in the gas flow direction. Thus, the gas coming out of the output pipeline 4 can be dried and metered and then introduced into the gas collecting cylinder 82. Specifically, the range of the gas flowmeter 95 is not less than 10 SLM, the accuracy is 0.1%, and it has cumulative flow communication, etc. The working pressure of the gas collecting cylinder 82 is greater than or equal to 30 Mpa. By monitoring the gas flow rate, the water output and the sand output, the sand production well can control the sand and prevent the system from being blocked.

[0103] As Figure 1 shown, the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a fifth pipeline 76 and a sixth pipeline 77.

[0104] Both ends of the fifth pipeline 76 are respectively communicated with the input pipeline 3 and the output pipeline 4. The fifth pipeline 76 is provided with a differential pressure sensor 761 and two switching valves 94 respectively located on both sides of the differential pressure sensor 761 in the extending direction of the fifth pipeline 76. Thus, the differential pressure of the medium flowing into and out of the reaction chamber can be detected by the differential pressure sensor 761 provided on the fifth pipeline 76.

[0105] Both ends of the sixth pipeline 77 are respectively communicated with the input pipeline 3 and the output pipeline 4. The sixth pipeline 77 is provided with a switching valve 94. The sixth pipeline 77 is communicated with the part located between the first output switching valve 43 and the second output switching valve 44 in the extending direction of the fifth section 41. Thus, when it is necessary to discharge gas, the switching valve 94 on the sixth pipeline 77 is opened, the gas moves upward from the input pipeline 3 and is introduced into the sixth pipeline 77, and the gas can be introduced from the sixth pipeline 77 into the output pipeline 4 so that the gas can be discharged smoothly.

[0106] As Figures 3 to 5 shown, in some embodiments, the kettle cover 12 is provided with a plurality of temperature sensor through holes 13 arranged at intervals, a plurality of displacement sensor through holes 14 arranged at intervals and a plurality of vertical well through holes 15 arranged at intervals.

[0107] A plurality of temperature sensors 93 are respectively arranged in the plurality of temperature sensor through holes 13 and extend into the reaction chamber to detect the temperature at different positions in the reaction chamber. For example, the temperature sensor adopts the PT100 type, the accuracy is ±0.05 degrees, the output current signal, the output current is: 0 - 20 Ma, and the number is more than 60. The range of the pressure sensor is: 0 - 40 MPa, corrosion-resistant, the accuracy is 0.1%, the output current signal, the output current: 0 - 20 Ma.

[0108] A plurality of displacement sensors 91 are respectively arranged in a plurality of displacement sensor through-holes 14 and extend into the reaction chamber to detect the deformation of rock samples at different positions in the reaction chamber. Among them, a detection disk is provided at the lower part of the displacement sensor 91, and the thickness direction of the detection disk is the up-and-down direction. Specifically, the detection disk has a preset area. When the rock sample below the detection disk moves in the up-and-down direction, it can drive the detection disk to move in the up-and-down direction, so as to detect the displacement of the rock sample below the detection disk in the up-and-down direction. For example, the displacement sensor 91 adopts a differential transformer type LVDT rebound linear displacement sensor, with a working pressure of 35 MPa, a range of 0 - 40 mm, an accuracy of 0.1%, an output current signal, an output current of 0 - 20 Ma, with a digital display, and with a 232 interface.

[0109] A plurality of vertical shafts are respectively arranged in a plurality of vertical shaft through-holes 15 and extend into the reaction chamber. A plurality of horizontal well through-holes 16 are provided on the kettle body 11. A plurality of horizontal shafts are respectively arranged in a plurality of horizontal well through-holes 16 and extend into the reaction chamber. Both the horizontal shafts and the vertical shafts are connected to the input pipeline 3. That is to say, the medium (gas and liquid) enters the rock sample in the reaction chamber through the horizontal shafts and the vertical shafts after passing through the input pipeline 3, so as to make the medium distribution uniform.

[0110] As Figure 4 shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of vertical well through-holes 15 are arranged in a matrix on the kettle cover 12. Among them, one vertical well through-hole 15 is arranged at the center of the kettle cover 12. Thus, the vertical shafts can be evenly distributed, and further the medium entering the rock sample can be evenly distributed.

[0111] As Figure 5 shown, a plurality of displacement sensor through-holes 14 are arranged in a matrix on the kettle cover 12, so that a plurality of displacement sensors 91 are evenly distributed, and further it is convenient to fully detect the movement of the rock sample.

[0112] As Figure 3 shown, a plurality of temperature sensor through-holes 13 are distributed on multiple groups of temperature sensor through-holes arranged at intervals from the outside to the inside along the radial direction of the kettle cover 12, so that the temperature sensors 93 are evenly distributed, and further it is convenient to fully detect the temperature in the reaction chamber. For example, a plurality of temperature sensor through-holes 13 are distributed on 3 groups of temperature sensor through-holes arranged at intervals from the outside to the inside along the radial direction of the kettle cover 12.

[0113] The present invention also proposes a monitoring method using the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0114] S1. Check the airtightness of the reaction chamber of the reactor 1 and install rock samples for simulating the formation in the reaction chamber. Specifically, in the reaction chamber, a certain amount of water and rock powder or fine-grained sand with a certain mineral composition are installed according to the proportion of the water composition and the amount used with the rock powder or sand to simulate the formation rock samples. Insert the wellbore, assemble the system pipelines, wires, various sensors, etc.

[0115] S2. Use a vacuum device to evacuate the reaction chamber.

[0116] S3. Use an incubator to adjust the internal temperature of the reaction chamber and use a backpressure valve to adjust the pressure in the reaction chamber. Specifically, use the first backpressure valve 46, the second backpressure valve 51, and the third backpressure valve 64 to adjust the pressure in the reaction chamber.

[0117] S4. Pass gas into the reaction chamber through a gas injection device and measure the injection volume, and / or pass a measured injection volume into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, and use a displacement sensor 91 to detect the deformation of the rock sample. Specifically, in the experiment, use pressure sensors 92 and temperature sensors 93 at various locations to detect the pressure and temperature of each pipeline to adjust the pressure and temperature in the reaction chamber.

[0118] In some embodiments, in step S4, pass carbon dioxide into the reaction chamber through a gas injection device and measure the injection volume, and use a displacement sensor 91 to detect the deformation of the rock sample. That is, conduct an experiment on monitoring the formation deformation during carbon dioxide geological storage.

[0119] In some embodiments, in step S4, pass carbon dioxide into the reaction chamber through a gas injection device and measure the injection volume, pass a measured injection volume into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, and use a displacement sensor 91 to detect the deformation 95 of the rock sample. That is, conduct an experiment on the formation and production of carbon dioxide hydrate and monitoring of formation deformation.

[0120] In some embodiments, in step S4, pass methane into the reaction chamber through a gas injection device and measure the injection volume, pass a measured injection volume into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, and use a displacement sensor 91 to detect the deformation 95 of the rock sample. That is, conduct an experiment on the formation and production of natural gas hydrate and monitoring of formation deformation.

[0121] In some embodiments, in step S4, lower the temperature in the reaction chamber to a preset temperature, pressurize the gas to a preset value through a gas injection device and then pass it into the reaction chamber and measure the injection volume, pass a measured injection volume into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, so as to generate hydrate in the reaction chamber and use a displacement sensor to detect the first deformation of the rock sample. Make the gas (carbon dioxide or methane) with a preset pressure and water generate hydrate at low temperature, so as to carry out the experiment on the formation of hydrate.

[0122] In some embodiments, in step S4, the temperature in the reaction chamber is reduced to a preset temperature. After pressurizing the gas to a preset value through the gas introduction device and introducing it into the reaction chamber and measuring the injection amount, the measured injection amount is introduced into the reaction chamber through the liquid injection device, so that hydrates are generated in the reaction chamber and the first deformation amount of the rock sample is detected by the displacement sensor. Then, the temperature in the reaction chamber is increased and / or the pressure in the reaction chamber is reduced so that the hydrates decompose and the second deformation amount of the rock sample is detected by the displacement sensor. After the hydrates are generated, the hydrates are decomposed by increasing at least one of the temperature in the reaction chamber and reducing the pressure in the reaction chamber, that is, the experiment of hydrate decomposition is carried out.

[0123] Optionally, a chemical solution promoting decomposition is incorporated to decompose the hydrates.

[0124] S5. Change at least one of the temperature, pressure, rock sample composition, introduced gas composition, introduced liquid composition, and the ratio of introduced gas and liquid amounts in the reaction chamber to conduct a comparative experiment. Specifically, conduct a comparative experiment by changing at least one of the temperature, pressure, changing the mineral composition of rock powder or fine-grained sand, the amount of gas and water used, the water composition (formation water, fresh water, chemical solution, salinity, pH, the proportion and concentration of chemical agents, etc.), and the ratio of introduced gas and liquid amounts. Thereby, the experimental data is made more sufficient and accurate.

[0125] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0126] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0127] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined or limited, terms such as "installed", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. shall be construed in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communicable with each other; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication between two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0128] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined or limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0129] In the present invention, terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0130] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions, and alterations made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the above embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for formation deformation in geological carbon dioxide sequestration, characterized in that, Comprising: A reaction kettle, the reaction kettle includes a kettle body and a kettle cover, and the kettle cover and the kettle body define a reaction chamber; A constant temperature device for adjusting the temperature in the reaction chamber; An input pipeline and an output pipeline, the outlet of the input pipeline is communicated with the reaction chamber, the inlet of the output pipeline is communicated with the reaction chamber, an input opening and closing valve is arranged on the input pipeline, and an output opening and closing valve and a first back pressure valve are arranged on the output pipeline; A gas inlet device, the gas inlet device includes a gas cylinder, a pressurizing device and a first pipeline, the gas cylinder, the pressurizing device, the first pipeline and the input pipeline are communicated in sequence, and a second back pressure valve is arranged on the first pipeline; A liquid injection device, the liquid injection device includes a liquid injector and a second pipeline, the liquid injector, the second pipeline and the input pipeline are communicated in sequence, and a third back pressure valve is arranged on the second pipeline; A vacuum pumping device, the vacuum pumping device includes a vacuum pump and a third pipeline, and the input pipeline is communicated with the vacuum pump through the third pipeline; A gas-liquid separation device, the gas-liquid separation device includes a gas-liquid separator, a water collecting tank and a gas collecting bottle, a first inlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the output pipeline, a first outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the water collecting tank, and a second outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the gas collecting bottle; A measuring device, the measuring device includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, temperature sensors and displacement sensors extending into the reaction chamber are arranged on the reaction kettle, the displacement sensor is used for monitoring the movement of the simulated formation in the reaction chamber, and pressure sensors and temperature sensors are arranged on both the input pipeline and the output pipeline; It further includes a fifth pipeline, both ends of the fifth pipeline are respectively communicated with the input pipeline and the output pipeline, a differential pressure sensor and two opening and closing valves located on both sides of the differential pressure sensor in the extending direction of the fifth pipeline are arranged on the fifth pipeline; Including a sixth pipeline, both ends of the sixth pipeline are respectively communicated with the input pipeline and the output pipeline, and an opening and closing valve is arranged on the sixth pipeline; The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system further includes an annular pressure device, the annular pressure device includes a pressure pump, a pressure storage container and a fourth pipeline, a lining is arranged in the kettle body, an annular pressure chamber is defined between the lining and the kettle body, the reaction chamber is defined between the lining and the kettle cover, and the pressure pump, the pressure storage container and the annular pressure chamber are communicated in sequence through the fourth pipeline; A plurality of spaced temperature sensor through holes, a plurality of spaced displacement sensor through holes and a plurality of spaced vertical well through holes are arranged on the kettle cover, a plurality of temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the plurality of temperature sensor through holes and extend into the reaction chamber, a plurality of displacement sensors are respectively arranged in the plurality of displacement sensor through holes and extend into the reaction chamber, and a plurality of vertical wellbore tubes are respectively arranged in the plurality of vertical well through holes and extend into the reaction chamber, wherein a detection disc is arranged at the lower part of the displacement sensor, and the thickness direction of the detection disc is the up and down direction; A plurality of horizontal well through-holes are provided on the kettle body, and a plurality of horizontal wellbores are respectively arranged in the plurality of horizontal well through-holes and extend into the reaction chamber. Both the horizontal wellbore and the vertical wellbore are communicated with the input pipeline.

2. The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that The pressurizing device includes a gas booster pump which is arranged in the first section of the first pipeline, and the first section is connected to the gas cylinder; an intermediate storage container which is communicated with the second section of the first pipeline. The second section is provided with opening and closing valves at both ends, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged between the two opening and closing valves in the extending direction of the second section.

3. The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressurizing device further includes a first water injection tank; a first pump body; at least one first piston container. Each first piston container is separated by a piston into a gas chamber and a first pressurizing chamber. The first water injection tank, the first pump body and the first pressurizing chamber are communicated in sequence. The gas chamber is used to accommodate the gas introduced into the reaction chamber. The gas chamber is communicated with the third section of the first pipeline. The first section, the second section and the third section are communicated in sequence. The third section is provided with opening and closing valves at both ends, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged between the two opening and closing valves in the extending direction of the third section. Opening and closing valves are arranged at the outlet of each gas chamber and the inlet of each first pressurizing chamber.

4. The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein a first one-way valve and the second back pressure valve are arranged on the fourth section of the first pipeline. The first section, the second section, the third section, the fourth section and the input pipeline are communicated in sequence; There are a plurality of gas cylinders. The outlet of each gas cylinder is connected to the first section, and an opening and closing valve and a gas flowmeter are arranged at the outlet of each gas cylinder; The constant temperature device is a constant temperature box which includes a box body and a box door. The box body and the box door define a constant temperature chamber, and the reaction kettle can enter the constant temperature chamber.

5. The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein The liquid injector includes a second pump body, a second water injection tank and a plurality of second piston containers. Each second piston container is separated by a piston into a liquid chamber and a second pressurizing chamber. The second water injection tank, the second pump body and the second pressurizing chamber are communicated in sequence. The liquid chamber is used to accommodate the liquid introduced into the reaction chamber. The liquid chamber is communicated with the inlet of the second pipeline. Opening and closing valves are arranged at the outlet of each liquid chamber and the inlet of each second pressurizing chamber.

6. The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output pipeline includes a fifth section which is provided with a first output opening and closing valve and a second output opening and closing valve, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged between the first output opening and closing valve and the second output opening and closing valve in the extending direction of the fifth section. The sixth pipeline is communicated with a part between the first output opening and closing valve and the second output opening and closing valve in the extending direction of the fifth section; The sixth section, the fifth section, the first back pressure valve, the sixth section and the gas-liquid separation device are connected in sequence. A third output opening and closing valve, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are provided on the sixth section.

7. The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein The first inlet is communicated with the outlet of the output pipeline, and the first outlet is located below the second outlet; The water collecting tank is communicated with the first outlet through a seventh pipeline. An opening and closing valve is provided on the seventh pipeline. Scale lines are provided on the water collecting tank and / or the water collecting tank is placed on a platform scale; The gas collecting bottle is communicated with the second outlet through an eighth pipeline. An opening and closing valve, a dryer, a third one-way valve and a gas flow meter are sequentially provided on the eighth pipeline in the gas flow direction.

8. The carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of the vertical well through holes are arranged in a matrix on the kettle cover, and one of the vertical well through holes is arranged at the center of the kettle cover; A plurality of the displacement sensor through holes are arranged in a matrix on the kettle cover; A plurality of the temperature sensor through holes are distributed on multiple groups of temperature sensor through holes which are arranged at intervals from outside to inside along the radial direction of the kettle cover.

9. A monitoring method using the carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: S1. Check the air tightness of the reaction chamber of the reaction kettle and install rock samples for simulating the formation in the reaction chamber; S2. Use a vacuum pumping device to evacuate the reaction chamber; S3. Use a heat preservation device to adjust the internal temperature of the reaction chamber; S4. Pass gas into the reaction chamber through a gas inlet device and measure the injection amount, and / or pass a measured injection amount into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device. Use a displacement sensor to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample, and the pressure in the reaction chamber can be adjusted by using a back pressure valve; S5. Change at least one of the temperature, pressure, rock sample composition, gas composition passed in, liquid composition passed in, and the ratio of the gas-liquid amount passed in the reaction chamber to carry out a comparative experiment.

10. The monitoring method for carbon dioxide geological storage formation deformation according to claim 9, wherein In the step S4, pass carbon dioxide into the reaction chamber through a gas inlet device and measure the injection amount, and use a displacement sensor to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample; Or, in the step S4, pass carbon dioxide into the reaction chamber through a gas inlet device and measure the injection amount, pass a measured injection amount into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, and use a displacement sensor to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample; Or, in the step S4, pass methane into the reaction chamber through a gas inlet device and measure the injection amount, pass a measured injection amount into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device, and use a displacement sensor to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample; Or, in the step S4, lower the temperature in the reaction chamber to a preset temperature, pressurize the gas to a preset value through a gas inlet device and then pass it into the reaction chamber and measure the injection amount, and pass a measured injection amount into the reaction chamber through a liquid injection device to generate hydrate in the reaction chamber and use a displacement sensor to detect the deformation amount of the rock sample; Alternatively, in the step S4, the temperature in the reaction chamber is reduced to a preset temperature, the gas is pressurized to a preset value by the gas inlet device and then introduced into the reaction chamber, and the injection amount is measured. The liquid injection device is used to introduce the measured injection amount into the reaction chamber, so that hydrates are generated in the reaction chamber, and the displacement sensor is used to detect the first deformation amount of the rock sample. Then, the temperature in the reaction chamber is increased and / or the pressure in the reaction chamber is reduced to decompose the hydrates, and the displacement sensor is used to detect the second deformation amount of the rock sample.

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