Photovoltaic component, photovoltaic system and photovoltaic building

Abstract

The present invention discloses a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic system and a photovoltaic building, which relate to the field of photovoltaic technology and are used to make the photovoltaic module present different appearance effects, enhance the beauty of the building, and dissipate heat from the photovoltaic module to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes a back plate, a battery layer, a cover plate and a fluid functional layer stacked in sequence. The fluid functional layer has a accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is connected to be provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and the accommodating cavity is used to flow and replace fluids with different colors. The photovoltaic system includes at least one storage tank and a photovoltaic module. A plurality of photovoltaic modules are arranged in an array, and the storage tanks are respectively used to store fluids of different colors. Each storage tank is connected to the fluid inlet of one or more photovoltaic modules, and is used to transport fluids into the accommodating cavity of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic building includes a building and a photovoltaic system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic component, a photovoltaic system and a photovoltaic building. Background Art

[0002] Solar curtain wall can receive sunlight and convert light energy into electrical energy. Solar curtain wall not only integrates some basic characteristics of curtain wall, but also has the function of power generation. It is a new type of curtain wall that integrates power generation, sound insulation, heat insulation, safety and decoration.

[0003] At present, there are colored solar curtain walls on the market that can change color, which makes the formed solar curtain walls beautiful in appearance and has good decorative effect, and helps to promote the use of solar curtain walls.

[0004] In the prior art, a color film roll is generally placed in the cavity of the photovoltaic module, and the color of the film is changed by retracting and releasing the color film roll, thereby achieving the color change of the photovoltaic module. The cavity can also be filled with a color-changing liquid, but the above-mentioned method of changing the color of the photovoltaic module makes the color presented by the photovoltaic module limited. In addition, the temperature of the photovoltaic module is easy to rise when exposed to light, which can easily lead to a decrease in the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic system and a photovoltaic building, which are used to make the photovoltaic module present different appearance effects, enhance the beauty of the building, and at the same time dissipate heat for the photovoltaic module and improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a back plate, a battery layer, a cover plate and a fluid functional layer stacked in sequence, wherein the fluid functional layer has a receiving cavity, the receiving cavity is connected to a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and the receiving cavity is used to flow and replace fluids with different colors.

[0007] When the above technical solution is adopted, the fluid functional layer has a accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is connected to be provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and the accommodating cavity is used to flow and replace fluids with different colors. The fluid enters the accommodating cavity from the fluid inlet, and then flows out of the accommodating cavity from the fluid outlet. When the fluid flows through the accommodating cavity, it can absorb the heat of the photovoltaic module. The fluid is in a flowing state, and the heat generated by the photovoltaic module is continuously absorbed and taken away by the flowing fluid, thereby avoiding the temperature increase of the photovoltaic module, which is beneficial to the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. The setting of the fluid inlet facilitates the connection of the accommodating cavity with a fluid source of various colors, and the setting of the fluid outlet facilitates the replacement of the fluid flowing through the accommodating cavity, and at the same time makes the fluid fluid. Compared with the existing photovoltaic modules that can only present limited colors, the photovoltaic modules of the present application can present more different appearance effects, which not only does not affect the overall beauty of the original building, but also can enhance the visual effect of the building.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the fluid functional layer includes at least one pattern display layer, and when the pattern display layer is a single layer, a receiving cavity is formed between the pattern display layer and the cover plate. When the pattern display layer is a multi-layer layer, a receiving cavity is formed between two adjacent pattern display layers and between the pattern display layer and the cover plate.

[0009] When the above technical solution is adopted, the number of accommodating cavities is the same as the number of pattern display layers, and they correspond one to one. When the number of pattern display layers is multiple, the number of accommodating cavities corresponds to the number of pattern display layers. At this time, fluids with different colors can flow into different accommodating cavities. Through the principle of color superposition, more color categories can be obtained, making the appearance of the photovoltaic module more colorful.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the pattern display layer is a transparent layer.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the receiving chamber is used to flow a fluid containing a light scattering agent.

[0012] When the above technical solution is adopted, when the pattern display layer is a transparent layer, it is conducive to clearly displaying the cell. When a fluid containing a light scattering agent flows in the receiving cavity, the cell is invisible or blurred. In this way, it is easy to realize the conversion between clear and invisible or blurred display of the cell of the photovoltaic module.

[0013] In some possible implementations, a surface of the pattern display layer close to the receiving cavity is a frosted surface, and the receiving cavity is used to circulate a liquid having a refractive index similar to that of the pattern display layer.

[0014] When the above technical solution is adopted, when the side of the pattern display layer close to the accommodating cavity is a frosted surface, due to the different refractive indices between the pattern display layer and the air, the frosted surface produces a light scattering effect that can block the cell to a certain extent, making the cell invisible or blurry. When a liquid with a refractive index similar to that of the pattern display layer flows in the accommodating cavity, the liquid can fill the gaps in the frosted surface, making the light scattering effect disappear, and the pattern display layer becomes transparent, at which time the cell can be displayed. In this way, it is easy to achieve the conversion between clear and invisible or blurry display of the cell of the photovoltaic module.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the frosted surface is a whole surface or a patterned frosted surface, which improves the variety of appearance effects presented by the photovoltaic module and enhances the overall beauty and visual effect of the building.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the pattern display layer is glass or plastic, and the refractive index of the liquid is 1.3-1.5.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the liquid is at least one of water, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the pattern display layer is colored glaze glass.

[0019] When the above technical solution is adopted, when the fluid flowing in the accommodating cavity does not have color, the photovoltaic module can present the color of the colored glazed glass. In addition, when the fluid flowing in the accommodating cavity has color, the color of the fluid is superimposed with the color of the colored glazed glass, more color categories can be obtained, making the appearance of the photovoltaic module more colorful.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the fluid is a liquid or a gas.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the flow rate of the liquid in the receiving chamber is such that the flow state of the liquid is a laminar flow state, so that the color displayed by the photovoltaic module is more uniform and stable.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the flow rate of the liquid in the containing chamber is 14 L / h to 72 L / h.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the liquid contains structural color powder.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the structural color powder includes at least one of a pearlescent color powder and a multilayer metal oxide.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the liquid further contains an aqueous dispersant, and the light transmittance of the liquid is 70%-80%.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic system, which includes at least one storage tank, a valve, and a photovoltaic module described in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. A plurality of photovoltaic modules are arranged in an array, and the storage tanks are used to store fluids of different colors, respectively. The fluid inlet of each photovoltaic module is connected to one or more storage tanks through a first pipeline, and the storage tank is used to transport fluid into the accommodating cavity of the photovoltaic module, and the flowing fluid is used to cool the photovoltaic module. The valve is arranged on the first pipeline connecting the storage tank and the fluid inlet, and is used to control the on-off and flow rate of the first pipeline.

[0027] When the above technical solution is adopted, the storage tanks are used to store fluids of different colors respectively. The fluid inlet of each photovoltaic module is connected to one or more storage tanks through a first pipeline. The storage tank is used to transport fluid to the storage cavity of the photovoltaic module. The fluid can exchange heat with the photovoltaic module to cool the photovoltaic module, avoid the temperature increase of the photovoltaic module, and is beneficial to the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. When the color of the fluid stored in the storage tank is different, when the storage tank that transports the fluid to the storage cavity of the photovoltaic module is replaced, the change of the fluid makes different photovoltaic modules present different colors, and the arrangement of multiple photovoltaic modules in an array can increase the types of appearance effects presented by the photovoltaic system, make the photovoltaic system colorful, enhance the overall beauty of the original building, and improve the visual effect of the building.

[0028] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic system further includes a water pump, which is disposed on the first pipeline and is used to control the flow rate of the fluid delivered to the accommodating cavity.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic system also includes a second pipeline and a radiator, wherein both ends of the second pipeline are respectively connected to the fluid outlet of the accommodating cavity and the first pipeline, and the radiator is arranged on the second pipeline, and the radiator is used to cool the fluid flowing out of the accommodating cavity.

[0030] When the above technical solution is adopted, the water pump is arranged on the first pipeline to control the flow rate of the fluid delivered to the accommodating cavity to ensure that the fluid fills the accommodating cavity and can be discharged from the accommodating cavity, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation effect of the fluid on the photovoltaic module. At the same time, the amount of fluid contained in the accommodating cavity is in a stable state, so that the color presented by the photovoltaic module is more uniform. The radiator is arranged on the second pipeline to cool the fluid flowing out of the accommodating cavity, so that the fluid flowing out of the fluid outlet is quickly cooled down, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the fluid on the photovoltaic module. The two ends of the second pipeline are respectively connected to the fluid outlet of the accommodating cavity and the first pipeline, so that the first pipeline and the second pipeline form a loop, which is convenient for the recycling of the fluid and saves costs.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic system further includes a buffer tank disposed on the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the buffer tank is used to store and buffer the fluid.

[0032] When the above technical solution is adopted, the buffer tank is used to store and buffer the fluid, ensure the supply of the fluid, improve the heat dissipation effect, and also discharge the bubbles in the fluid to ensure the uniformity of the color of the photovoltaic modules.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic system further includes a temperature sensor disposed at the fluid outlet for monitoring the temperature of the fluid flowing through the fluid outlet. The temperature sensor is connected to a flow controller of the water pump, and the flow controller controls the flow of the fluid according to a temperature signal received from the temperature sensor.

[0034] When the above technical solution is adopted, the temperature controller provided at the fluid outlet of the accommodating chamber is used to monitor the temperature of the fluid flowing through the fluid outlet. The temperature sensor is connected to the flow controller of the water pump, and the flow controller is used to control the flow rate of the fluid according to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is high, the flow controller controls the water pump to increase the flow rate of the fluid according to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor, so as to increase the cooling effect. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is within the preset range, the flow controller controls the water pump to reduce the flow rate of the fluid accordingly according to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor, so as to save energy, while ensuring the smooth flow of the fluid in the photovoltaic module without affecting the appearance of the photovoltaic module.

[0035] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic building, which includes a building and the photovoltaic system described in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, and the building is used to carry the photovoltaic system.

[0036] When the above technical solution is adopted, it not only does not affect the overall beauty of the original building, but also can enhance the visual effect of the building. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0041] Figure 4Schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 ;

[0042] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of an arrangement of multiple photovoltaic modules provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0043] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of an arrangement of multiple photovoltaic modules provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0044] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Reference numerals:

[0046] 1-photovoltaic module, 11-back sheet, 12-cell layer, 13-cover sheet, 14-fluid functional layer,

[0047] 141 —accommodation chamber, 14101 —first accommodation chamber, 14102 —second accommodation chamber, 1411 —fluid inlet,

[0048] 1412 — fluid outlet, 142 — pattern display layer, 14201 — first pattern display layer,

[0049] 14202—second pattern display layer, 2—storage tank, 3—water pump, 4—radiator, 5—buffer tank, 6—valve, 7—first pipeline, 8—second pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. Those skilled in the art can understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit the difference.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that, in the present invention, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0053] In the present invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, the combination of a and b, the combination of a and c, the combination of b and c, or the combination of a, b and c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0054] As energy shortages and environmental degradation become increasingly prominent, solar energy has become an important renewable energy source due to its huge reserves, clean use, and wide distribution.

[0055] Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology is a technology that integrates solar power generation (photovoltaic) products into buildings. At present, people are pursuing a more and more comfortable building environment, which leads to an increasing energy consumption of building heating and air conditioning. In some areas, building energy consumption has accounted for 30% to 40% of total energy consumption. BIPV technology can effectively reduce building energy consumption and facilitate the development of low-carbon and zero-carbon buildings.

[0056] Solar curtain wall can receive sunlight and convert light energy into electrical energy. Solar curtain wall not only integrates some basic characteristics of curtain wall, but also has the function of power generation. It is a new type of curtain wall that integrates power generation, sound insulation, heat insulation, safety and decoration.

[0057] At present, there are colored solar curtain walls on the market that can change color, which makes the formed solar curtain walls beautiful in appearance and has good decorative effect, and helps to promote the use of solar curtain walls.

[0058] In the prior art, a colored film roll is generally arranged in the cavity of the photovoltaic module, and the color of the film is changed by retracting and releasing the colored film roll, thereby achieving the color change of the photovoltaic module. The cavity can also be filled with a color-changing liquid, but the above-mentioned method of changing the color of the photovoltaic module limits the colors presented by the photovoltaic module. In addition, the temperature of the photovoltaic module is easy to rise when exposed to light, which can easily lead to a decrease in the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the prior art of using liquid to dissipate heat from the photovoltaic module mostly adopts a back flow channel design, which cannot form a colored photovoltaic module or change the appearance of the photovoltaic module.

[0059] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, first, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a back plate 11, a battery layer 12, a cover plate 13 and a fluid functional layer 14 stacked in sequence. The fluid functional layer 14 has a receiving cavity 141, and the receiving cavity 141 is connected to a fluid inlet 1411 and a fluid outlet 1412, and the receiving cavity 141 is used to flow and replace fluids with different colors.

[0060] In the case of adopting the above technical solution, the fluid functional layer 14 has a receiving cavity 141, and the receiving cavity 141 is connected to be provided with a fluid inlet 1411 and a fluid outlet 1412, and the receiving cavity 141 is used to flow and replace fluids with different colors. The fluid enters the receiving cavity 141 from the fluid inlet 1411, and then flows out of the receiving cavity 141 from the fluid outlet 1412. When the fluid flows through the receiving cavity 141, it can exchange heat with the photovoltaic module 1 to absorb the heat of the photovoltaic module 1. The fluid is in a flowing state, and the heat generated by the photovoltaic module 1 is continuously absorbed and taken away by the flowing fluid, thereby avoiding the temperature increase of the photovoltaic module 1, which is beneficial to the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1. The setting of the fluid inlet 1411 facilitates the connection of the accommodating chamber 141 to a fluid source with various colors. The setting of the fluid outlet 1412 facilitates the replacement of the fluid flowing through the accommodating chamber 141, and at the same time makes the fluid fluid. Compared with the existing photovoltaic modules that can only present limited colors, the photovoltaic module 1 of the present application can present more different appearance effects, which not only does not affect the overall beauty of the original building, but also can enhance the visual effect of the building. In summary, when the color of the fluid flowing in the accommodating chamber 141 is different, the color presented by the photovoltaic module 1 can be different. Keeping the fluid flowing can effectively reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module 1, and further can enhance the power generation of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0061] In specific implementation, when it is necessary to change the color presented by the photovoltaic module 1, the supply of a fluid can be suspended, so that the fluid inlet 1411 and the fluid outlet 1412 are in an open state, and air or clean water is introduced into the accommodating chamber 141, so that the fluid in the accommodating chamber 141 is cleaned, and then another fluid is introduced into the accommodating chamber 141, so that the photovoltaic module 1 presents a different color. The fluid can be a liquid, of course, the fluid can also be a gas, depending on the actual situation. When the fluid is a liquid, for example, the red liquid can be a 2% BASF water-based pigment Luconyl NG Red 3390 aqueous solution with a refractive index of 1.33, and the yellow liquid can be a 3% BASF water-based pigment Luconyl NG Yellow 0911 aqueous solution, and the yellow liquid can also be a 2% lemon yellow ethylene glycol solution with a refractive index of 1.4. Of course, this is just an example and is not specifically limited.

[0062] In some possible implementations, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the fluid functional layer 14 includes at least one pattern display layer 142. When the pattern display layer 142 is a single layer, a receiving cavity 141 is formed between the pattern display layer 142 and the cover plate 13. Figure 1 As shown. When the pattern display layer 142 is multi-layered, a receiving cavity 141 is formed between two adjacent pattern display layers 142 and between the pattern display layer 142 and the cover plate 13. In this way, the number of receiving cavities 141 is the same as the number of pattern display layers 142, and they correspond one to one. When the number of pattern display layers 142 is multiple, the number of receiving cavities 141 corresponds to the number of pattern display layers 142. At this time, fluids with different colors can flow into different receiving cavities 141. Through the principle of color superposition, more color categories can be obtained, making the appearance of the photovoltaic module 1 more colorful.

[0063] The number of the pattern display layer 142 can be one layer, two layers, three layers or more layers, which is not specifically limited here and is set according to actual conditions. Figure 1 The illustrated photovoltaic module 1 has a pattern display layer 142 , and a receiving cavity 141 is formed between the pattern display layer 142 and the cover plate 13 . Figure 2The illustrated photovoltaic module 1 has two layers of pattern display layers 142, which are stacked in sequence, wherein one layer of pattern display layer 142 is located on the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic module 1. A receiving cavity 141 is formed between two adjacent layers of pattern display layers 142, and another receiving cavity 141 is formed between the lower pattern display layer 142 and the cover plate 13. In actual situations, silicone can be used to coat the four peripheral edges between the two adjacent layers of pattern display layers 142 or the four peripheral edges between the pattern display layer 142 and the cover plate 13 to enclose and form the receiving cavity 141, and a fluid inlet 1411 and a fluid outlet 1412 for fluid flow are opened on the receiving cavity 141.

[0064] It should be noted that the thickness of the accommodating cavity 141 provided in the embodiment of the present invention ranges from 2mm to 10mm. By way of example, the thickness of the accommodating cavity 141 may be 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 7mm, 9mm, 10mm, etc. The thickness of the accommodating cavity 141 is set according to actual conditions. The thickness of the pattern display layer 142 provided in the embodiment of the present invention ranges from 2mm to 5mm. By way of example, the thickness of the pattern display layer 142 may be 2mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, etc. The thickness of the cover plate 13 provided in the embodiment of the present invention ranges from 2mm to 5mm. By way of example, the thickness of the cover plate 13 may be 2mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, etc.

[0065] In one example, the pattern display layer 142 is a transparent layer. In this case, it is beneficial to clearly display the appearance of the cell. The accommodating cavity 141 can be used to circulate a fluid containing a light scattering agent, which can refract or reflect light, change the direction of light, and scatter the light, thereby making the cell invisible or blurred. In this way, it is easy to achieve the conversion between clear and invisible or blurred display of the cell of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0066] For ease of understanding, Example 1 is used as an example to illustrate that when the pattern display layer 142 is a transparent layer and the pattern display layer 142 is a single layer, and a red liquid and a red liquid containing a light scattering agent are successively introduced into the accommodating cavity 141, the appearance of the photovoltaic component 1 changes.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] The fluid functional layer 14 has a pattern display layer 142, which is a 3.2 mm thick float glass, and the thickness of the accommodating cavity 141 is 4 mm. The cell is a crystalline silicon cell, and the backplane 11 is a 3.2 mm thick float glass. When there is no fluid in the accommodating cavity 141, since the pattern display layer 142 is a float glass, which is a transparent layer, the details of the crystalline silicon cell are clearly visible, and there is no other color. A red fluid (2% BASF water-based pigment Luconyl NG Red3390 aqueous solution, refractive index 1.33) is introduced into the accommodating cavity 141, and the photovoltaic module 1 appears red, and the details of the crystalline silicon cell can be seen. A red fluid containing a light scattering agent is introduced into the accommodating cavity 141, and the photovoltaic module 1 appears red. Due to the presence of the light scattering agent in the red fluid, the details of the crystalline silicon cell are invisible or blurred. The light scattering agent can be a hollow glass microbead with a diameter of 200 μm, which can be stably suspended in the red fluid.

[0069] As a possible implementation manner, a surface of the pattern display layer 142 close to the accommodating cavity 141 is a frosted surface, and the accommodating cavity 141 is used to circulate a liquid having a refractive index similar to that of the pattern display layer 142 .

[0070] When the above technical solution is adopted, due to the different refractive indices between the pattern display layer 142 and the air, the frosted surface produces a light scattering effect that can block the cell to a certain extent, making the cell invisible or blurry. When a liquid with a refractive index close to that of the pattern display layer 142 flows in the accommodating cavity 141, the liquid can fill the gaps in the frosted surface, making the light scattering effect disappear, and the pattern display layer 142 becomes transparent, at which time the cell can be displayed. In this way, it is easy to achieve the conversion between clear and invisible or blurry display of the cell of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0071] For ease of understanding, the following uses Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3 as examples to illustrate changes in the appearance of the photovoltaic module 1 when the pattern display layer 142 has a frosted surface and the pattern display layer 142 is two layers.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] The fluid functional layer 14 has two pattern display layers 142, such as Figure 2 As shown, for the convenience of description, the pattern display layer located on the upper surface of the photovoltaic module 1 is now defined as the first pattern display layer 14201, and the pattern display layer located below the first pattern display layer 14201 is defined as the second pattern display layer 14202. A first accommodating cavity 14101 is formed between the first pattern display layer 14201 and the second pattern display layer 14202, and a second accommodating cavity 14102 is formed between the second pattern display layer 14202 and the cover plate 13.

[0074] The first pattern display layer 14201 is a 3.2 mm thick float glass, and the side of the first pattern display layer 14201 close to the accommodating cavity is a frosted surface. The second pattern display layer 14202 and the cover plate 13 are both 3.2 mm thick float glass. The thickness of the first accommodating cavity 14101 is 3 mm, and the thickness of the second accommodating cavity 14102 is 2 mm. The cell is a crystalline silicon cell, and the back plate 11 is a 3.2 mm thick float glass. The first accommodating cavity 14101 remains hollow, and a yellow fluid (3% BASF water-based pigment Luconyl NG Yellow 0911 aqueous solution) is passed into the second accommodating cavity 14102, and the photovoltaic module 1 appears yellow. Due to the setting of the frosted surface, and the fact that there is no fluid with a refractive index similar to that of the first pattern display layer 14201 in the first accommodating cavity 14101 close to the frosted surface, the frosted surface produces a light scattering effect that can block the cell to a certain extent, making the crystalline silicon cell invisible. By keeping the yellow fluid in the second accommodating chamber 14102 circulating, the temperature of the photovoltaic module can be reduced.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] The first pattern display layer 14201 is a 3.2 mm thick float glass, the side of the first pattern display layer 14201 close to the first accommodating cavity is a frosted surface, the second pattern display layer 14202 and the cover plate 13 are both 3.2 mm thick float glass, the thickness of the first accommodating cavity 14101 is 3 mm, and the thickness of the second accommodating cavity 14102 is 2 mm. The battery cell is a crystalline silicon battery, and the back plate 11 is a 3.2 mm thick float glass. A 2% lemon yellow ethylene glycol solution (refractive index 1.4) is introduced into both the first receiving cavity 14101 and the second receiving cavity 14102. Since the refractive index of the 2% lemon yellow ethylene glycol solution flowing in the first receiving cavity 14101 is 1.4, which is close to the refractive index of the first pattern display layer 14201, the light scattering effect disappears, and the 2% lemon yellow ethylene glycol solution in the second receiving cavity 14102 can be displayed through the first pattern display layer 14201 and the first receiving cavity 14101, so that the photovoltaic module appears yellow, and the details of the crystalline silicon cell can be seen. The 2% lemon yellow ethylene glycol solution in the first receiving cavity 14101 is discharged, and red liquid is introduced into the first receiving cavity 14101, and the photovoltaic module appears red, and the details of the crystalline silicon cell can be seen.

[0077] As an optional method, the frosted surface is a whole surface or a patterned frosted surface, and the photovoltaic module 1 is designed to present a specific pattern, such as Figure 3 As shown, or when multiple photovoltaic modules 1 are arranged in an array, the multiple photovoltaic modules 1 present a specific pattern, such as Figure 6 As shown, in this way, the appearance effect category presented by the photovoltaic component 1 is improved, and the overall beauty and visual effect of the building are improved.

[0078] For ease of understanding, the following uses Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 5 as examples to illustrate how the appearance of the photovoltaic module 1 changes when the display layer has a frosted surface.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] The fluid functional layer 14 has two pattern display layers. The first pattern display layer 14201 is a 3.2 mm thick float glass. The first pattern display layer 14201 is a patterned frosted surface close to the first accommodating cavity 14101. For example, the pattern is a C-shaped structure, such as Figure 3 As shown, the second pattern display layer 14202 is 3.2 mm thick float glass, the side of the second pattern display layer 14202 close to the second accommodating cavity 14102 is frosted, the cover plate 13 is 3.2 mm thick float glass, the thickness of the first accommodating cavity 14101 is 3 mm, and the thickness of the second accommodating cavity 14102 is 2 mm. The battery cell is a crystalline silicon battery, and the back plate 11 is 3.2 mm thick float glass. The first accommodating cavity 14101 remains hollow, and a 2% lemon yellow ethylene glycol solution (refractive index 1.4) is passed into the second accommodating cavity 14102, and the photovoltaic module appears yellow. The 2% lemon yellow ethylene glycol solution passed into the second accommodating cavity 14102 has a refractive index similar to that of the second pattern display layer 14202. Therefore, the scattering effect of the second pattern display layer 14202 disappears, and the second pattern display layer 14202 becomes transparent. The details of the crystalline silicon battery blocked by the pattern of the C-shaped structure are not visible, and the pattern of the C-shaped structure can be displayed, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0081] In addition, when the second accommodating cavity 14102 remains hollow, a 2% lemon yellow ethylene glycol solution (refractive index 1.4) is introduced into the first accommodating cavity 14101, so that the scattering effect of the first pattern display layer 14201 disappears, and the pattern of the C-shaped structure disappears, and the photovoltaic module appears yellow. However, due to the frosted surface on the second pattern display layer 14202, the light irradiated on the second pattern display layer 14202 is scattered, and the details of the crystalline silicon cell are not visible.

[0082] In some possible implementations, the pattern display layer 142 is glass or plastic, and the refractive index of the liquid is 1.3-1.5. For example, the refractive index of the liquid is 1.3, 1.34, 1.38, 1.4, 1.45, 1.5, etc.

[0083] In a possible implementation, the liquid is at least one of water, ethylene glycol, and glycerol, that is, the liquid is one of water, ethylene glycol, and glycerol, or a mixed liquid of two or three of water, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.

[0084] In some possible implementations, the pattern display layer 142 is colored glazed glass. In this case, when the fluid flowing in the accommodating cavity 141 does not have a color, the photovoltaic module 1 can present the color of the colored glazed glass. In addition, when the fluid with a color flows in the accommodating cavity 141, the color of the fluid is superimposed on the color of the colored glazed glass, and more color categories can be obtained, making the appearance of the photovoltaic module 1 more colorful. The colored glazed glass can be fully glazed or glazed with a specific pattern.

[0085] For ease of understanding, Example 6 is taken as an example below to illustrate how the appearance of the photovoltaic module 1 changes when the display layer is a colored glaze glass.

[0086] like Figure 1 As shown, the fluid functional layer 14 has a pattern display layer 142, and the pattern display layer 142 is a 3.2 mm thick float yellow glazed glass. The glazed layer is the side of the pattern display layer 142 close to the accommodating cavity 141, and the thickness of the accommodating cavity 141 is 4 mm. The cell is a crystalline silicon cell, and the backplane 11 is a 3.2 mm thick float glass. When there is no fluid in the accommodating cavity 141, the photovoltaic module 1 appears yellow, and the details of the crystalline silicon cell can be seen from the appearance, and there are no other colors. A red aqueous solution (refractive index 1.33) is passed into the accommodating cavity 141, and the red and yellow are superimposed, so that the photovoltaic module 1 appears orange, and the details of the crystalline silicon cell can be seen.

[0087] As a possible implementation, the flow rate of the liquid in the receiving chamber makes the flow state of the liquid laminar. In this way, the color displayed by the photovoltaic module is more uniform and stable. The flow rate of the liquid in the receiving chamber is 14L / h to 72L / h. Exemplarily, the flow rate of the liquid in the receiving chamber can be 14L / h, 20L / h, 30L / h, 40L / h, 50L / h, 60L / h, 70L / h.

[0088] As an optional method, the structural color powder includes at least one of pearlescent color powder and multilayer metal oxide. In specific implementation, a structural color powder with low light absorption can be added to the liquid as a pigment of the liquid to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. The structural color powder can be a pearlescent color powder. At the same time, an aqueous dispersant can be added to the liquid to ensure that the structural color powder is stably dispersed in the water so that the light transmittance of the liquid is 70%-80%. The structural color powder can be any one of Kuncai KC249, KC508 and KC8225, or a combination of any two of them, or a combination of three. The multilayer metal oxide can be a multilayer structure made by a vapor deposition process. The refractive index of the multilayer metal oxide can be the same or different, or the refractive index of several layers of the metal oxide can be the same, and the number of layers of the metal oxide can be 2 to 10 layers.

[0089] Exemplarily, 2wt% pearlescent color powder and 10wt% aqueous dispersant can be added to water. When the pearlescent color powder is Kuncai KC249 and the aqueous dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol-1799, the fluid appears yellow. At this time, when the thickness of the receiving cavity is 2mm, the light transmittance of the liquid is 75%. 3wt% pearlescent color powder and 10wt% aqueous dispersant can also be added to water. When the pearlescent color powder is Kuncai KC508 and the aqueous dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol-1799, the fluid appears red. At this time, when the thickness of the receiving cavity is 2mm, the light transmittance of the liquid is 70%. Furthermore, 1wt% pearlescent color powder and 10wt% aqueous dispersant can also be added to water. When the pearlescent color powder is Kuncai KC8225 and the aqueous dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol-1799, the cooling fluid appears blue. At this time, when the thickness of the receiving cavity is 2mm, the light transmittance of the liquid is 80%.

[0090] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic system, which includes at least one storage tank 2, a valve 6 and the photovoltaic assembly 1 described above, wherein the storage tank 2 is connected to the photovoltaic assembly 1 through the valve 6 and the first pipeline 7. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of photovoltaic modules 1 are arranged in an array, and the storage tanks 2 are used to store fluids of different colors. The fluid inlet 1411 of each photovoltaic module 1 is connected to one or more storage tanks 2 through a first pipeline 7. Each photovoltaic module 1 is controlled by a separate pipeline or a specific pipeline is preset during design. The storage tank 2 is used to transport fluid to the storage cavity 141 of the photovoltaic module 1. The flowing fluid is used to cool the photovoltaic module to prevent the temperature of the photovoltaic module 1 from rising, which is beneficial to improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1. When the color of the fluid stored in the storage tank 2 is different, when the storage tank 2 that transports the fluid to the storage cavity 141 of the photovoltaic module 1 is replaced, the fluid is changed. In this way, different photovoltaic modules 1 present different colors. When a plurality of photovoltaic modules 1 are arranged in an array, the types of appearance effects presented by the photovoltaic system can be increased, making the photovoltaic system colorful, enhancing the overall beauty of the original building, and improving the visual effect of the building. Figure 5 As shown, multiple photovoltaic modules 1 can present the same color. Of course, it is also possible to design a fluid with different colors to flow into the receiving cavity 141 of a specific photovoltaic module 1 so that multiple photovoltaic modules 1 present a specific pattern, such as Figure 6 As shown, the photovoltaic system presents a C-shaped pattern.

[0091] For specific implementation, see Figure 7As shown, two storage tanks 2 are provided, and at this time, the storage tank 2 is connected to the first pipeline 7 through a three-way valve. It should be understood that when the number of storage tanks is three, a four-way valve is required to be connected to the first pipeline, and correspondingly, when the number of storage tanks is N, a diverter valve with N+1 ports is required. In other words, the setting of the ports of the diverter valve is related to how many storage tanks are connected to a photovoltaic module, that is, how many colors of fluids a photovoltaic module can replace.

[0092] like Figure 7 As shown, the photovoltaic system also includes a water pump 3, a radiator 4 and a second pipeline 8. The water pump 3 is arranged on the first pipeline 7 connecting the storage tank 2 and the fluid inlet 1411. The water pump 3 is used to control the flow rate of the fluid delivered to the accommodating chamber 141. To ensure that the fluid fills the accommodating chamber 141 and can be discharged from the accommodating chamber 141, ensuring the heat dissipation effect of the fluid on the photovoltaic module 1. At the same time, the amount of fluid contained in the accommodating chamber 141 is in a stable state, so that the color presented by the photovoltaic module 1 is more uniform. The radiator 4 is arranged on the second pipeline 8, which is used to cool the fluid flowing out of the accommodating chamber 141, so that the fluid flowing out of the fluid outlet 1412 is quickly cooled down, and the heat dissipation effect of the fluid on the photovoltaic module 1 is improved. The two ends of the second pipeline 8 are respectively connected with the fluid outlet 1412 of the accommodating chamber 141 and the first pipeline 7, so that the first pipeline 7 and the second pipeline 8 form a loop, which is convenient for the recycling of the fluid and saves costs.

[0093] It should be noted that, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the water pump 3 is used to pump the fluid into the accommodating chamber and control the flow rate of the fluid delivered to the accommodating chamber 141. In specific implementation, the water pump may be omitted, and illustratively, the storage tank may deliver the fluid to the accommodating chamber 141 by its own pressure.

[0094] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic system also includes a buffer tank 5, which is arranged on the first pipeline 7 or the second pipeline 8. The buffer tank 5 is used to store and buffer the fluid to ensure the supply of the fluid and improve the heat dissipation effect. At the same time, it can also discharge the bubbles in the fluid to ensure the uniformity of the color presented by the photovoltaic component 1.

[0095] In addition, the photovoltaic system further includes a temperature sensor, which is disposed at the fluid outlet 1412 and is used to monitor the temperature of the fluid flowing through the fluid outlet 1412. The temperature sensor is connected to the flow controller of the water pump 3, and the flow controller is used to control the flow of the fluid according to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor.

[0096] When the above technical solution is adopted, the temperature controller provided at the fluid outlet 1412 of the accommodating chamber 141 is used to monitor the temperature of the fluid flowing through the fluid outlet 1412. The temperature sensor is connected to the flow controller of the water pump 3, and the flow controller is used to control the flow rate of the fluid according to the temperature signal transmitted by the received temperature sensor. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is high, the flow controller controls the water pump 3 to increase the flow rate of the fluid according to the temperature signal transmitted by the received temperature sensor to increase the cooling effect. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is within the preset range, the flow controller controls the water pump 3 to reduce the flow rate of the fluid accordingly according to the temperature signal transmitted by the received temperature sensor to save energy, while ensuring that the fluid in the photovoltaic module 1 flows smoothly without affecting the appearance of the photovoltaic module 1. Exemplarily, the volume of the accommodating chamber 141 is V liters, wherein the upper limit of the automatic control flow rate is V liters / minute, to ensure that the liquid in the photovoltaic module 1 flows smoothly without affecting the appearance of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0097] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic building, which includes a building and the above-mentioned photovoltaic system, and the building is used to carry the photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic system can present different colors and specific patterns, which not only does not affect the overall beauty of the original building, but also can enhance the visual effect of the building.

[0098] Although the present invention is described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, in the process of implementing the claimed invention, those skilled in the art may understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments by viewing the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality of components. Certain measures are recorded in different dependent claims, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0099] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it is apparent that various modifications and combinations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, this specification and the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the present invention as defined by the appended claims and are deemed to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations if they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: It includes a back plate, a battery layer, a cover plate and a fluid functional layer stacked in sequence; Among them, the fluid functional layer has a accommodating cavity, the accommodating cavity is connected to be provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the accommodating cavity contains fluid, the accommodating cavity is used to flow and replace the fluids with different colors, the fluid functional layer includes at least one pattern display layer, the side of the pattern display layer close to the accommodating cavity is a frosted surface, and the fluid in the accommodating cavity is a liquid with a refractive index similar to that of the pattern display layer.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the pattern display layer is a single layer, the accommodating cavity is formed between the pattern display layer and the cover plate; When the pattern display layer is multi-layered, the accommodating cavity is formed between two adjacent pattern display layers and between the pattern display layer and the cover plate.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pattern display layer is a transparent layer.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fluid in the containing chamber contains a light scattering agent.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frosted surface is a whole surface or a patterned frosted surface.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pattern display layer is glass or plastic, and the refractive index of the liquid is 1.3-1.

5.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The liquid is at least one of water, ethylene glycol and glycerol.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pattern display layer is colored glaze-coated glass.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate of the liquid in the containing chamber makes the flow state of the liquid a laminar flow state.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate of the liquid in the containing chamber is 14 L / h to 72 L / h.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid contains structural toner.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The structural toner includes at least one of pearlescent toner and multilayer metal oxide.

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The liquid also contains an aqueous dispersant; the light transmittance of the liquid is 70%-80%.

14. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: include: A plurality of photovoltaic modules according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the plurality of photovoltaic modules are arranged in an array; At least one storage tank, respectively used to store fluids of different colors; the fluid inlet of each photovoltaic module is connected to one or more storage tanks through a first pipeline, and the storage tank is used to transport the flowing fluid into the accommodating cavity of the photovoltaic module, and the flowing fluid is used to cool the photovoltaic module; The valve is arranged on the first pipeline connecting the storage tank and the fluid inlet, and is used to control the on-off and flow rate of the first pipeline.

15. The photovoltaic system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The photovoltaic system further includes a water pump, which is disposed on the first pipeline and is used to control the flow rate of the fluid delivered to the accommodating chamber.

16. The photovoltaic system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The photovoltaic system also includes a second pipeline and a radiator. The two ends of the second pipeline are respectively connected to the fluid outlet of the accommodating cavity and the first pipeline. The radiator is arranged on the second pipeline and is used to cool the fluid flowing out of the accommodating cavity.

17. The photovoltaic system according to claim 16, characterized in that: The photovoltaic system further includes a buffer tank disposed on the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the buffer tank is used to store and buffer the fluid.

18. The photovoltaic system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The photovoltaic system also includes a temperature sensor, which is arranged at the fluid outlet and is used to monitor the temperature of the fluid flowing through the fluid outlet; the temperature sensor is connected to the flow controller of the water pump, and the flow controller is used to control the flow of the fluid according to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor.

19. A photovoltaic building, characterized in that: include: building, And the photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the building is used to support the photovoltaic system.

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