Reversible solid oxide battery system

Abstract

This invention provides a reversible solid oxide battery system, relating to the field of energy storage technology. The reversible solid oxide battery system includes a battery stack, a first gas storage tank, and a second gas storage tank. The battery stack includes a second electrode, a first electrode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte is disposed between the second and first electrodes. The first electrode is connected to the first gas storage tank, which stores a first gas required by the first electrode. The second electrode is connected to the second gas storage tank, which stores a second gas required by the second electrode. The reversible solid oxide battery system features fast reaction speed, rapid current loading, a simple battery stack and auxiliary system (BOP), high conversion efficiency, low cost, and a lifespan that meets requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more specifically, to a reversible solid oxide battery system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development and utilization of large-scale renewable energy power (photovoltaic, wind power, etc.), energy storage technology has become a rigid requirement for protecting grid stability. Traditional energy storage technologies, such as pumped hydro storage, are limited by geographical location; lithium-ion batteries and other energy storage batteries are limited by capacity and safety; and flow batteries are limited by cost. Reversible solid oxide batteries (ReSOCs), as a highly efficient energy conversion system, have two operating modes: a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) that efficiently converts renewable energy power into hydrogen energy; and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that efficiently converts hydrogen energy into stable electrical energy. The alternating operation of these two modes constitutes the energy storage mode of ReSOCs. Its capacity is determined by the size of the hydrogen storage tank in the system, while its power is determined by the size of the stack modules. The capacity and power of ReSOCs are completely independent, enabling large-scale, long-term energy storage.

[0003] However, reversible solid oxide batteries are still in the materials research and development stage, and there are no system products yet. To achieve their industrialization, problems such as slow reaction speed, slow current loading, low conversion efficiency, and high cost need to be overcome. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to design an effective integrated scheme for a reversible solid oxide battery system; and to provide solutions to problems such as slow reaction speed, slow current loading, low conversion efficiency, and high cost.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a reversible solid oxide battery system, which includes a battery stack, a first gas storage tank, and a second gas storage tank. The battery stack is composed of multiple repeating cells, each cell including a second electrode, a first electrode, and an electrolyte, with the electrolyte disposed between the second electrode and the first electrode. The current of the multiple cells is in series mode, and the gas flow is in parallel mode, so that the first electrode is connected to the first gas storage tank, which is used to store a first gas required by the first electrode. The second electrode is connected to the second gas storage tank, which is used to store a second gas required by the second electrode.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the reversible solid oxide battery system further includes a booster pump, a third gas storage tank, and a pressure reducing valve. The first gas storage tank, the booster pump, the third gas storage tank, and the pressure reducing valve are connected end to end in sequence to form a loop. When the pressure in the first gas storage tank reaches the upper limit, the booster pump automatically transfers a portion of the first gas in the first gas storage tank to the third gas storage tank. When the pressure in the first gas storage tank reaches the lower limit, the pressure reducing valve automatically transfers a portion of the first gas in the third gas storage tank to the first gas storage tank.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the reversible solid oxide battery system further includes a condensation pressurization system, a fourth gas storage tank, a circulation pump, an evaporation mixing system, and a heat exchanger. The second electrode, the second gas storage tank, the condensation pressurization system, the fourth gas storage tank, the circulation pump, and the evaporation mixing system are connected end to end in sequence to form a circulation loop. The condensation pressurization system is also connected to the evaporation mixing system. One end of the heat exchanger is connected to the pipeline between the second gas storage tank and the condensation pressurization system, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the pipeline between the evaporation mixing system and the second electrode.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the battery stack is a proton conductor ReSOC battery, the first electrode is the negative electrode, the first gas required for the first electrode is hydrogen, the second electrode is the positive electrode, and the second gas required for the second electrode is a first mixed gas, which includes oxygen and water vapor in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the first electrode is made of a composite material of a proton-conducting electrolyte and a Ni-based catalyst, and the electrolyte is made of a proton-conducting electrolyte BaZr. 1-x-y Ce x M y O 3+δ The material of the second electrode is PrBa. 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 2-x Fe x O 5+δ Series of materials.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the electrolyte material is selected from BaZr. 0.8-x Ce x Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O3, the first electrode, as the support, is made of a composite sintered ceramic material of BZCYYb and NiO, which is reduced with hydrogen to form BZCYYb-Ni cermet, and a gradient pore structure is formed by casting with a pore-forming agent. The active material of the first electrode is BZCYYb-Ni cermet, and the material of the second electrode is PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 5+δ.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the battery stack is an oxygen ion conductor ReSOC battery, the first electrode is the positive electrode, the first gas required for the first electrode is oxygen, the second electrode is the negative electrode, the second gas required for the second electrode is a second mixed gas, the second mixed gas includes hydrogen and water vapor in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the first electrode serves as a support using (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 A ceramic material composed of MnO3 and 3 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) was used, and a gradient pore structure was formed by casting with a pore-forming agent. The active material of the first electrode was (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 A ceramic material composed of MnO3 and 8 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ); the second electrode is a Ni-8YSZ hydrogen electrode.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the first electrode serves as a support using (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 A ceramic material composed of MnO3 and 3 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) was used, and a gradient pore structure was formed by casting with a pore-forming agent. The active material of the first electrode was (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 A ceramic material composed of MnO3 and 11 mol% Sc2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (ScSZ); the second electrode is a Ni-ScSZ hydrogen electrode.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the first electrode serves as a support using (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 A ceramic material composed of MnO3 and 3 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) was prepared by creating pores using a phase inversion casting method to obtain oxygen channels with a straight structure. The active material of the first electrode and the electrolyte membrane of ScSZ were impregnated and co-sintered to prepare a half-cell supported by the first electrode. Porous ScSZ was screen-printed on the electrolyte surface of the half-cell, and after sintering, Ni catalyst was impregnated to obtain the second electrode, thus forming a full cell.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the reversible solid oxide battery system provided in this embodiment of the invention include:

[0016] 1. Fast response speed, fast current loading, and simple battery stack and auxiliary system (BOP);

[0017] 2. High conversion efficiency, low cost, and service life that meets requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the reversible solid oxide battery system provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reversible solid oxide battery system provided in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 Operating curves for power generation and electrolysis of the reversible solid oxide battery system provided in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 4 The power generation and electrolysis operating curves of the reversible solid oxide battery system provided in Example 2;

[0023] Figure 5 The power generation and electrolysis operating curves of the reversible solid oxide battery system provided in Example 3;

[0024] Figure 6 The power generation and electrolysis operating curves of the reversible solid oxide battery system provided in Example 4 are shown.

[0025] Icons: 100-Reversible solid oxide battery system; 1-Insulation frame; 2-Battery stack; 21-First electrode; 22-Second electrode; 23-Electrolyte; 3-First gas storage tank; 4-Boost pump; 5-Third gas storage tank; 6-Pressure reducing valve; 7-Second gas storage tank; 8-Condensation pressurization system; 9-Fourth gas storage tank; 10-Circulation pump; 11-Evaporation mixing system; 12-Heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or is the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish and describe, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0032] First embodiment

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a reversible solid oxide battery system 100, which includes an insulation frame 1, a battery stack 2, a first gas storage tank 3, a second gas storage tank 7, a booster pump 4, a third gas storage tank 5, a pressure reducing valve 6, a condensation pressurization system 8, a fourth gas storage tank 9, a circulation pump 10, an evaporation mixing system 11, and a heat exchanger 12. The battery stack 2 is placed in the insulation frame 1 to maintain a stable operating temperature. Each battery in the battery stack 2 includes a second electrode 22, a first electrode 21, and an electrolyte 23, with the electrolyte 23 disposed between the second electrode 22 and the first electrode 21.

[0034] The current of the multiple batteries is connected in series, and the airflow is connected in parallel, connecting the first electrode 21 to the first gas storage tank 3 at normal temperature and pressure. The first gas storage tank 3 is used to store the first gas required by the first electrode 21. In this embodiment, the first gas storage tank 3 is a hydrogen storage tank, and the amount of hydrogen in it can be adjusted naturally according to the working mode. The first gas storage tank 3, the booster pump 4, the third gas storage tank 5, and the pressure reducing valve 6 are connected end to end in sequence to form a circulation loop. When the pressure in the first gas storage tank 3 reaches the upper limit, the booster pump 4 automatically transfers part of the first gas in the first gas storage tank 3 to the third gas storage tank 5. When the pressure in the first gas storage tank 3 reaches the lower limit, the pressure reducing valve 6 automatically transfers part of the first gas in the third gas storage tank 5 to the first gas storage tank 3.

[0035] The second electrode 22 is connected to the second gas storage tank 7, which stores the second gas required by the second electrode 22. The second electrode 22, second gas storage tank 7, condensing and pressurizing system 8, fourth gas storage tank 9, circulating pump 10, and evaporating and mixing system 11 are connected sequentially to form a circulation loop. The condensing and pressurizing system 8 is also connected to the evaporating and mixing system 11. One end of the heat exchanger 12 is connected to the pipeline between the second gas storage tank 7 and the condensing and pressurizing system 8, and the other end of the heat exchanger 12 is connected to the pipeline between the evaporating and mixing system 11 and the second electrode 22. By detecting the oxygen concentration in the second gas storage tank 7, the linkage switching action of the condensing and pressurizing system 8 and the evaporating and mixing system 11 can be controlled to achieve oxygen storage or replenishment. In this way, the working gas is circulated, and the flow rate of the circulating gas is proportional to the working current, ensuring the continuous renewal and stable concentration of the working gas.

[0036] In this embodiment, the battery stack 2 is a proton conductor ReSOC battery, with a proton conductor as the electrolyte 23 and a first electrode 21 as the negative electrode, serving as the fuel side and support. The first gas required for the first electrode 21 is hydrogen. Molecular diffusion in the first electrode 21 will proceed naturally according to the material flow direction when the electrode is working. Hydrogen diffusion is very simple and does not require forced flow. It is only necessary to connect the fuel chamber of the first electrode 21 to the first gas storage tank 3 (hydrogen storage tank).

[0037] The second electrode 22 is the positive electrode and is on the air side. The second gas required for the second electrode 22 is the first mixed gas, which includes oxygen and water vapor in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0038] When the switching frequency of SOFC / EC mode is fast and the cycle is short, oxygen and water vapor do not need to be separated and can be stored in the insulated second gas storage tank 7. When the switching frequency is slow and it is necessary to stay in the electrolysis mode for a long time, oxygen and water vapor can be separated through the condensation and pressurization system 8 and the oxygen can be stored in the corrosion-resistant fourth gas storage tank 9.

[0039] The first electrode 21 is made of a composite material (metal-ceramic) of a proton-conducting electrolyte and a Ni-based catalyst, and the electrolyte 23 is made of a proton-conducting electrolyte. -x-y Ce x M y O 3+δ M can be Y, Yb, Sc, etc., and the material of the second electrode 22 is PrBa. 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 2-x Fe x O 5+δ Series of materials.

[0040] The reversible solid oxide battery system 100 can freely switch between electrolysis and power generation, with no significant voltage fluctuations during the switching process. This seamless switching between SOFC and EC modes ensures the requirements for fast ReSOC response and rapid current loading.

[0041] The operating voltage and efficiency of the reversible solid oxide battery system 100 in this embodiment are as follows: The open-circuit voltage (OCV) of each cell in the reversible solid oxide battery system 100 is approximately 1.0V at 750°C. With the operating voltage set to 1.1V in electrolysis mode and 0.9V in power generation mode, the theoretical energy storage efficiency is 81.8%. However, after deducting the energy consumption of the stack insulation, circulation pump 10, and control system, the actual energy storage efficiency is less than 80%, reaching approximately 70%.

[0042] Since hydrogen mass transfer is relatively easy, the first electrode 21 (hydrogen electrode) can be used as a support, and gradient pores can be achieved by phase transformation casting or pore-forming agent method to promote the hydrogen mass transfer rate. The second electrode 22 (oxygen electrode) needs to be a ternary conductor (capable of transferring protons, oxygen ions, and electrons), and the stability problem in water vapor must be solved. The electrolyte 23 uses BaZr with a high Zr content. 0.8-x Ce x Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O3, or other components, are proton conductors that are stable in high concentrations of water vapor. A bilayer electrolyte 23 can also be considered, with a highly stable electrolyte 23 on the water vapor side and an electrolyte 23 with high proton conductivity on the hydrogen side.

[0043] Second Embodiment

[0044] Please refer to Figure 2 This embodiment provides a reversible solid oxide battery system 100, which is similar in structure to the reversible solid oxide battery system 100 provided in the first embodiment, except that the battery stack 2 is an oxygen ion conductor ReSOC battery.

[0045] Specifically, the first electrode 21 is the positive electrode and the support body, and the first gas required for the first electrode 21 is oxygen. The second electrode 22 is the negative electrode, and the second gas required for the second electrode 22 is a second mixed gas, which includes hydrogen and water vapor in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0046] For ReSOC, which uses an oxygen ion conductor as electrolyte 23, the first electrode 21 (oxygen side) is pure oxygen, making storage very simple. The second electrode 22 (fuel side) uses hydrogen and water vapor in a 1:1 volume ratio as the flowing gas, and can flow in either direction.

[0047] Alternatively, air can be used as the medium for the first electrode 21 (positive electrode). During power generation, the oxygen concentration changes from 21% to approximately 16%; during electrolysis, the oxygen concentration changes from 21% to approximately 30%. In this case, air must be constantly flowing, resulting in higher energy consumption and more difficult system thermal management. The advantage is that oxygen does not need to be stored, as air serves as a natural reservoir. For this type of battery, the first electrode 21 (oxygen electrode) is suitable as the support, and the fabrication method is phase inversion casting or gradient pores. The second electrode 22 (hydrogen electrode) can be made using ordinary Ni-YSZ or Ni-GDC. To improve battery performance, the hydrogen electrode is impregnated with a Ni catalyst in a porous electrolyte layer.

[0048] Aside from the differences in the choice of charge carriers and materials, the operating voltage of the battery is similar to that of the proton conductor ReSOC battery in the first embodiment. By selecting a higher generation voltage and a lower electrolysis voltage, i.e., controlling a lower current density to keep the overpotential of each cell at around 0.1V, high energy storage efficiency can be ensured. Specifically, the operating voltage of a single cell during power generation is about 0.1V lower than the open-circuit voltage; the operating voltage of a single cell during electrolysis is about 0.1V lower than the open-circuit voltage, resulting in an energy storage voltage efficiency of approximately 80% for the reversible solid oxide battery system 100.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The reversible solid oxide battery system 100 adopts an oxygen electrode-supported planar ReSOC structure, with the first electrode 21 (oxygen electrode) serving as the support using (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 A ceramic material composed of MnO3 and 3 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) was used, and a gradient pore structure was formed by casting with a pore-forming agent (PMMA). The active material of the first electrode 21 (oxygen electrode) was La 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95A ceramic composite material of MnO3 and 8 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) was used to prepare a half-cell by tape casting, stacking hot pressing, and co-sintering with a support material and an electrolyte membrane (8YSZ). A Ni-8YSZ hydrogen electrode (second electrode 22) was screen-printed on the electrolyte surface of this half-cell, and after sintering, a ReSOC full cell was obtained. Using pure oxygen as the working gas and a mixture of 50% water vapor and hydrogen as the hydrogen electrode flow gas, the power generation and electrolysis operating curves (IV curves) were measured at 800℃, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, when operating at 80% energy storage voltage efficiency, the current density reaches 0.2 Acm. -2 .

[0051] Example 2

[0052] The reversible solid oxide battery system 100 adopts an oxygen electrode-supported planar ReSOC structure, with the first electrode 21 (oxygen electrode) serving as the support as in Example 1. The active material of the first electrode 21 (oxygen electrode) is (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 A ceramic composite material of MnO3 and 11 mol% Sc2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (ScSZ) was used to prepare a half-cell by tape casting, stacking hot pressing, and co-sintering with a support material and an electrolyte membrane (ScSZ). A Ni-ScSZ hydrogen electrode (second electrode 22) was screen-printed on the electrolyte surface of the half-cell, and a full cell was obtained after sintering. Using pure oxygen as the working gas and a mixture of 50% water vapor and hydrogen as the hydrogen electrode flow gas, the power generation and electrolysis performance curves (IV curves) were measured at 800℃ as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, when operating at 80% energy storage voltage efficiency, the current density reaches 0.3 Acm. -2 .

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The reversible solid oxide battery system 100 adopts an oxygen electrode-supported planar ReSOC structure. The material of the first electrode 21 (oxygen electrode) as the support is the same as in Example 1, but a phase inversion casting method is used to create pores, resulting in a straight-through oxygen channel. The active material of the first electrode 21 (oxygen electrode) and the electrolyte membrane (ScSZ) are prepared by impregnation and co-sintering to obtain a half-cell. Porous ScSZ is screen-printed on the electrolyte surface of the half-cell, and after sintering, Ni catalyst is impregnated to obtain a hydrogen electrode (second electrode 22), forming a highly active full cell. Pure oxygen is used as the working gas, and a mixture of 50% water vapor and hydrogen is used as the hydrogen electrode flow gas. The power generation and electrolysis working curves (IV curves) are measured at 800°C as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, when operating at 80% energy storage voltage efficiency, the current density reaches 0.5 Acm.-2 .

[0055] Example 4

[0056] The reversible solid oxide battery system 100 adopts a hydrogen electrode-supported planar ReSOC structure, and the electrolyte 23 is BaZr. 0.8-x Ce x Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O3 (BZCYYb), the first electrode 21 (hydrogen electrode) uses a ceramic material of BZCYYb and NiO composite sintering as the support. After hydrogen reduction, it forms BZCYYb-Ni cermet, and a gradient pore structure is formed by tape casting using a pore-forming agent (PMMA). The active material of the first electrode 21 (hydrogen electrode) is BZCYYb-Ni cermet, which differs from the support in that it has a smaller porosity. A half-cell is prepared by tape casting, stacking hot pressing, and co-sintering of the supporting electrode, active electrode material, and electrolyte membrane (BZCYYb). PrBa is screen-printed on the electrolyte surface of the half-cell. 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 5+δ The oxygen electrode (second electrode 22) was sintered to obtain a full cell. Pure hydrogen was used as the working gas, and a mixture of 50% water vapor and oxygen was used as the oxygen electrode flow gas. The power generation and electrolysis operating curves (IV) were measured at 700℃, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown, when operating at 80% energy storage voltage efficiency, the current density reaches 0.4 Acm. -2 Compared to the oxygen ion conductor ReSOC, the operating temperature is reduced by 100℃.

[0057] The beneficial effects of the reversible solid oxide battery system 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention include:

[0058] By switching between two operating modes of the reversible solid oxide battery system 100 (ReSOC), renewable energy electricity is efficiently converted into hydrogen energy, and then the hydrogen energy is efficiently converted into stable electrical energy when needed. The capacity of ReSOC is determined by the size of the first gas storage tank 3, while the power is determined by the size of the battery stack 2. The capacity and power of ReSOC are completely independent, enabling large-scale, long-cycle energy storage. Furthermore, the ReSOC designed in this embodiment can quickly switch between the two modes, offering advantages such as fast response speed, fast current loading, simple system BOP, and high conversion efficiency. Using hydrogen and oxygen as working gases and water vapor as the product, it eliminates corrosive substances such as acids and alkalis and heavy metals found in conventional energy storage batteries, making it very environmentally friendly. Simultaneously, the majority of its energy storage material is stored in a room-temperature tank, ensuring good safety.

[0059] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A reversible solid oxide battery system, characterized in that, The reversible solid oxide battery system includes a battery stack (2), a first gas storage tank (3), and a second gas storage tank (7). Each battery in the battery stack (2) includes a second electrode (22), a first electrode (21), and an electrolyte (23). The electrolyte (23) is disposed between the second electrode (22) and the first electrode (21). The current of the multiple batteries is in series mode, and the gas flow is in parallel mode, so that the first electrode (21) is connected to the first gas storage tank (3). The first gas storage tank (3) is used to store the first gas required by the first electrode (21). The second electrode (22) is connected to the second gas storage tank (7). The second gas storage tank (7) is used to store the second gas required by the second electrode (22). The reversible solid oxide battery system also includes a condensation pressurization system (8), a fourth gas storage tank (9), a circulation pump (10), an evaporation mixing system (11), and a heat exchanger (12). The second electrode (22), the second gas storage tank (7), the condensation pressurization system (8), the fourth gas storage tank (9), the circulation pump (10), and the evaporation mixing system (11) are connected end to end in sequence to form a circulation loop. The condensation pressurization system (8) is also connected to the evaporation mixing system (11). One end of the heat exchanger (12) is connected to the pipe between the second gas storage tank (7) and the condensation pressurization system (8), and the other end of the heat exchanger (12) is connected to the pipe between the evaporation mixing system (11) and the second electrode (22).

2. The reversible solid oxide battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reversible solid oxide battery system also includes a booster pump (4), a third gas storage tank (5), and a pressure reducing valve (6). The first gas storage tank (3), the booster pump (4), the third gas storage tank (5), and the pressure reducing valve (6) are connected end to end in sequence to form a loop. When the pressure in the first gas storage tank (3) reaches the upper limit, the booster pump (4) automatically transfers part of the first gas in the first gas storage tank (3) to the third gas storage tank (5). When the pressure in the first gas storage tank (3) reaches the lower limit, the pressure reducing valve (6) automatically transfers part of the first gas in the third gas storage tank (5) to the first gas storage tank (3).

3. The reversible solid oxide battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery stack (2) is a proton conductor ReSOC battery. The first electrode (21) is the negative electrode. The first gas required for the first electrode (21) is hydrogen. The second electrode (22) is the positive electrode. The second gas required for the second electrode (22) is a first mixed gas. The first mixed gas includes oxygen and water vapor in a volume ratio of 1:

1.

4. The reversible solid oxide battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the first electrode (21) is a composite material of proton conductor electrolyte (23) and Ni-based catalyst. The material of the electrolyte (23) is proton conductor electrolyte (23)BaZr1-x-yCexMyO3+δ. The material of the second electrode (22) is PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2-xFexO5+δ series materials.

5. The reversible solid oxide battery system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electrolyte (23) is made of BaZr0.8-xCexY0.1Yb0.1O3. The first electrode (21) is a ceramic material sintered from BZCYYb and NiO as a support. After reduction with hydrogen, it forms BZCYYb-Ni cermet and forms a gradient pore structure by casting with a pore-forming agent. The active material of the first electrode (21) is BZCYYb-Ni cermet. The material of the second electrode (22) is PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ.

6. The reversible solid oxide battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery stack (2) is an oxygen ion conductor ReSOC battery. The first electrode (21) is the positive electrode. The first gas required by the first electrode (21) is oxygen. The second electrode (22) is the negative electrode. The second gas required by the second electrode (22) is a second mixed gas. The second mixed gas includes hydrogen and water vapor in a volume ratio of 1:

1.

7. The reversible solid oxide battery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first electrode (21) is a ceramic material composed of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3 and 3mol%Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 as a support, and a gradient pore structure is formed by casting with a pore-forming agent. The active material of the first electrode (21) is a ceramic material composed of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3 and 8mol%Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2. The second electrode (22) is a Ni-8YSZ hydrogen electrode.

8. The reversible solid oxide battery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first electrode (21) is a ceramic material composed of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3 and 3mol%Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 as a support, and a gradient pore structure is formed by casting with a pore-forming agent. The active material of the first electrode (21) is a ceramic material composed of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3 and 11mol%Sc2O3 stabilized ZrO2. The second electrode (22) is a Ni-ScSZ hydrogen electrode.

9. The reversible solid oxide battery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first electrode (21) is a ceramic material composed of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3 and 3mol%Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 as a support. The oxygen channel with a straight structure is obtained by using phase transformation casting method to create pores. The active material of the first electrode (21) and the electrolyte (23) membrane of ScSZ are impregnated and co-sintered to prepare a half cell supported by the first electrode (21). Porous ScSZ is screen printed on the electrolyte (23) surface of the half cell. After sintering, Ni catalyst is impregnated to obtain the second electrode (22) to form a full cell.

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