A method for promoting the germination of weed seeds

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for promoting the germination of weed seeds. It belongs to the technical field of agriculture and weed control. In the method, healthy and mature weed seeds are soaked in a low-temperature acidic acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution containing cytokinin, ethephon and laminaribiose at 8 °C for 24 h, washed with running water, and after high-temperature drying, it can promote the germination of weed seeds and significantly improve the germination rate of weed seeds, providing strong technical support for weed quarantine and weed control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of agriculture and weed control, and more particularly to a method for promoting the germination of weed seeds. Background Art

[0002] Weeds are diverse in species and widespread in distribution, and are one of the main factors leading to crop yield reduction, decline in yield and quality. The losses caused by weeds exceed the total losses caused by insects and plant pathogens. Seeds are the main way for weeds to spread and disperse, and are also the main way for invasive alien harmful weeds to invade. In order to reduce the losses caused by weeds to agricultural production, weed biology knowledge indicates that using weed seeds can help predict the occurrence time and damage level of weeds, and thus can help people formulate more optimized weed control strategies. However, weed seeds have the characteristic of dormancy. Most weed seeds need to undergo a period of dormancy after maturity. The dormancy characteristic of seeds is a feature to adapt to adverse environmental conditions to maintain the continuous development and evolution of the species. Due to the dormancy characteristic of weeds, it is impossible to predict the germination ability of weed seeds, nor can subsequent research on weed biology be carried out. In addition, as the target for herbicide screening, weed seeds have completely different cultivation methods and characteristics from the screening targets of other pesticides (such as insects and pathogens). Therefore, the dormancy of weed seeds brings difficulties to the large-scale annual cultivation and supply of weed targets.

[0003] The existing methods for breaking seed dormancy are all aimed at economic crops such as flowers, crops, and trees, and mainly include physical methods, chemical agent treatment methods, plant hormone treatment methods, stratification treatment methods, etc. The physical method is to use hard tools such as sandpaper and needles to take mechanical means such as friction and scratching to break the seed epidermis, and change seed dormancy through scarring; the chemical agent treatment method is to use chemical drugs such as inorganic acids, alkalis, and salts to corrode the seed coat and increase seed permeability to break seed dormancy; the plant hormone treatment method is to use gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, brassinolide, etc. to treat to break seed dormancy, but the mechanism is complex; the stratification treatment method is to store the seeds in wet sand at low temperature for a period of time, and then the seed dormancy can be broken.

[0004] However, in the existing technology, there are few methods for treating the dormancy of weed seeds. After long-term domestication and cultivation of herbaceous cash crops, the dormancy characteristics of most seeds have been selectively lost. Compared with crops and woody plants, weed seeds have strong dormancy characteristics to cope with harsh environments. For example, the dormancy period of Portulaca oleracea seeds can reach more than 20 years, the dormancy period of Solanum nigrum seeds is as long as 39 years, and the germination rate is still above 80% after dormancy. The dormancy period of Rumex crispus seeds is as long as 80 years and still has the ability to germinate. Breaking the dormancy of weed seeds and rapidly increasing the germination rate of weed seeds can provide materials for the smooth and efficient development of relevant weed control experiments (such as bioassays, etc.). In addition, the efficient germination of weed seeds can quickly determine the vitality of weeds, effectively intercept invasive and harmful weeds, thereby improving the customs clearance speed of incoming goods and better preventing the invasion of alien weeds. It is of great significance for improving the germination rate of weeds, weed quarantine, and weed control.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a method for breaking the dormancy of weed seeds and promoting the germination of weed seeds is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for promoting the germination of weed seeds.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] A method for promoting the germination of weed seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Seed selection: Select weed seeds with intact seed coats;

[0010] (2) Seed pretreatment: Soak the weed seeds in a low-temperature acidic buffer solution containing a plant conditioner and a polysaccharide;

[0011] (3) Plant after washing and drying.

[0012] Preferably, the plant conditioner in step (2) is: cytokinin and ethephon; the polysaccharide is laminaribiose; the buffer solution is an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with a temperature of 4-10°C and a pH of 3.5-4; the soaking treatment temperature is 8°C, and the soaking time is 14-24 h.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the above operations are as follows: Cytokinin and ethephon, these two regulators play an important role in the dormancy release and germination of seeds. At suitable concentrations, they have a promoting effect on seed germination, while at high concentrations, they have an inhibitory effect on seed germination; laminaribiose is used as a synergist; through the screening of the optimal ratio, a formula with the best effect on promoting seed germination in the mixed use of the three plant conditioners is obtained.

[0014] Preferably, the buffer solution in step (2) is an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with a temperature of 8°C and a pH of 4; the soaking treatment time is 24 h.

[0015] Preferably, the concentration of cytokinin in step (2) is 0.3 - 1 ppm; the concentration of ethephon is 5 - 20 ppm; the concentration of laminaribiose is 0.1 - 0.3 ppm.

[0016] More preferably, the concentration of cytokinin in step (2) is 0.5 ppm; the concentration of ethephon is 10 ppm; the concentration of laminaribiose is 0.2 ppm.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the seeds are rinsed with water; the drying temperature is 36°C, and the drying time is 10 - 16 h.

[0018] More preferably, the drying time in step (3) is 16 h.

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for promoting the germination of weed seeds. After treating healthy and mature weed seeds with low temperature, acidity, plant regulators and laminaribiose, rinsing them with running water, and drying them at high temperature, it can promote the germination of weed seeds, and the grown plants are more conducive to identification and biological observation; after the treatment, the germination rate of weed seeds is significantly increased, and the emergence is neat, which can quickly check the activity of weed seeds and obtain consistent weed test seedlings, and laminaribiose has an obvious synergistic effect on the promotion of seed germination by two plant regulators at a certain concentration. Detailed Embodiments

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] A method for promoting the germination of weed seeds, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0023] (1) Seed selection: Select weed seeds with intact seed coats;

[0024] (2) Seed pretreatment: Put the weed seeds into an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with a temperature of 8°C, a pH of 4, containing cytokinin, ethephon and laminaribiose, and soak them at 8°C for 24 h; wherein the concentration of cytokinin is 0.5 ppm, the concentration of ethephon is 10 ppm, and the concentration of laminaribiose is 0.2 ppm;

[0025] (3) Wash the seeds with clean water and plant them after drying at 36°C for 16 h.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] Study on the Effects of Plant Conditioners and Laminaribiose at Different Concentrations on the Germination of Weed Seeds

[0028] (1) Seed selection: Select weed seeds with intact seed coats.

[0029] (2) Seed pretreatment: Put the weed seeds into an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution containing cytokinin, ethephon and laminaribiose at a temperature of 8°C and a pH of 4, and soak them at 8°C for 24 h; treat them with cytokinin at different concentrations (concentrations are 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2 ppm) (Table 1), ethephon (concentrations are 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 ppm) (Table 2) and laminaribiose (concentrations are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 ppm) (Table 2) respectively.

[0030] (3) Wash the seeds with clean water and plant them after drying at 36°C for 16 h.

[0031] Spread the treated weed seeds and the weed seeds in the blank control group on the culture soil, with a sowing depth of 4 cm, a culture temperature of 25°C, and a light of 12 hours per day; supplement water quantitatively every day, and consider the emergence of the young shoots 1 mm above the soil surface as germination. Investigate the germination number once every 24 hours during the experiment, and continuously observe the experiment for 14 days.

[0032] Weed seed germination rate = (total number of germinated weed seeds / total number of tested weed seeds) × 100%

[0033] The experimental results are as follows:

[0034] Table 1: Effects of Treatments with Cytokinin at Different Concentrations on the Germination Rate (%) of Weed Seeds

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] Table 2: Effects of Treatments with Ethephon and Laminaribiose at Different Concentrations on the Germination Rate (%) of Weed Seeds

[0038]

[0039] Result analysis: The results of the germination rate experiment showed that cytokinins (Table 1) at 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 2 ppm could promote the germination of weed seeds, while cytokinins at 0.1, 3, and 5 ppm did not increase the germination rate of weed seeds and even had a certain inhibitory effect. After treatment with 2 ppm, the seed germination rate was lower than that with 1 ppm. Therefore, the concentration range of cytokinins was 0.3 - 1 ppm. Ethephon (Table 2) at 5, 10, 20, and 30 ppm could promote the germination rate of weed seeds, but the germination rate of weed seeds treated with 30 ppm ethephon was lower than that treated with 20 ppm. Therefore, the concentration range of ethephon was 5 - 20 ppm. Laminaribiose at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 ppm did not significantly promote the germination rate of weed seeds.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] On the basis of the concentration range and method determined in Example 2, seeds of weeds such as *Sorghum halepense*, *Ageratum conyzoides*, *Eupatorium catarium*, *Digitaria sanguinalis*, *Conyza canadensis*, and *Oxalis corniculata* were treated respectively, and a blank control group was set up to study the effect of the method of the present invention on the seed germination rate.

[0042] (1) Seed selection: Seeds with intact seed coats of the above weeds were selected respectively;

[0043] (2) Seed pretreatment: The above weed seeds were placed in an acetic acid - sodium acetate buffer solution containing cytokinins, ethephon, and laminaribiose at a temperature of 8°C and a pH of 4 and soaked at 8°C for 24 h;

[0044] The treatments included: blank control;

[0045] Cytokinin 0.5 ppm;

[0046] Ethephon concentration was 10 ppm;

[0047] Cytokinin 0.5 ppm + ethephon 10 ppm;

[0048] Cytokinin 0.5 ppm + ethephon 10 ppm + laminaribiose 0.1 ppm;

[0049] Cytokinin 0.5 ppm + ethephon 10 ppm + laminaribiose 0.2 ppm;

[0050] Cytokinin 0.5 ppm + ethephon 10 ppm + laminaribiose 0.3 ppm;

[0051] (3) The seeds were washed with clean water, dried at 36°C for 16 h, and then planted.

[0052] The processed weed seeds and the weed seeds of the blank control group were sown in the culture soil at a sowing depth of 4 cm, a culture temperature of 25 °C, and a light duration of 12 hours per day. Water was supplemented quantitatively every day. The emergence of the young buds 1 mm above the soil surface was regarded as germination. The number of germinated seeds was investigated once every 24 hours, and the experiment was continuously observed for 14 days.

[0053] Weed seed germination rate = (total number of germinated weed seeds / total number of tested weed seeds) × 100%

[0054] The experimental results are as follows:

[0055] Table 3 Effects of cytokinin, ethephon alone and in combination with laminaribiose on the germination (%) of weed seeds

[0056]

[0057] Result analysis: The germination rate of the weed seeds treated with 0.5 ppm cytokinin + 10 ppm ethephon + 0.2 ppm laminaribiose was the highest (Table 3).

[0058] Example 4

[0059] On the basis of Examples 2 and 3, other weed seeds such as Solanum nigrum, Portulaca oleracea, Stellaria media, Verbena officinalis, Cyperus rotundus, Humulus scandens, Phytolacca americana, Commelina communis, Solidago virgaurea, and Trifolium repens were treated respectively, and a blank control group was set up to study the effect of the method of the present invention on the germination rate of other weed seeds.

[0060] (1) Seed selection: Seeds with intact seed coats of the above-mentioned weeds were selected respectively;

[0061] (2) Seed pretreatment: The above-mentioned weed seeds were placed in an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution containing cytokinin, ethephon and laminaribiose at a temperature of 8 °C and a pH of 4 and soaked at 8 °C for 24 h; the concentration of cytokinin was 0.5 ppm, the concentration of ethephon was 10 ppm, and the concentration of laminaribiose was 0.2 ppm;

[0062] (3) Wash the seeds with clean water and dry them at 36 °C for 16 h before planting.

[0063] The processed weed seeds and the weed seeds of the blank control group were sown in the culture soil at a sowing depth of 4 cm, a culture temperature of 25 °C, and a light duration of 12 hours per day. Water was supplemented quantitatively every day. The emergence of the young buds 1 mm above the soil surface was regarded as germination. The number of germinated seeds was investigated once every 24 hours, and the experiment was continuously observed for 14 days.

[0064] Weed seed germination rate = (total number of germinated weed seeds / total number of tested weed seeds) × 100%

[0065] Result analysis:

[0066] Table 4: Influence of treatment on germination rate of other weed seeds

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] It can be seen from the above results (Table 4) that the germination rates of Solanum nigrum, Portulaca oleracea, Stellaria media, Verbena officinalis, Cyperus rotundus, Humulus scandens, Phytolacca americana, Commelina communis, Solidago virgaurea, and Trifolium repens are significantly increased after being treated by the method of the present invention.

[0070] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same and similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0071] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the germination of weed seeds, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Seed selection: Select weed seeds with intact seed coats; (2) Seed pretreatment: Soak the weed seeds in a low-temperature acidic buffer solution containing a plant conditioner and a polysaccharide; (3) Plant after washing and drying; The plant conditioner is: cytokinin and ethephon; the polysaccharide is laminaribiose; The concentration of the cytokinin is 0.5 ppm; the concentration of ethephon is 10 ppm; the concentration of laminaribiose is 0.2 ppm; The weed seeds are Sorghum halepense, Ageratum conyzoides, Eupatorium catarium, Digitaria sanguinalis, Conyza canadensis, Oxalis corniculata, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Xanthium strumarium, Solanum nigrum, Portulaca oleracea, Stellaria media, Verbena officinalis, Cyperus rotundus, Humulus scandens, Phytolacca americana, Commelina communis, Solidago virgaurea, and Trifolium; The buffer solution in step (2) is an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with a temperature of 4 - 10°C and a pH of 3.5 - 4; the soaking temperature is 8°C, and the soaking time is 14 - 24 h.

2. The method for promoting the germination of weed seeds according to claim 1, wherein The buffer solution in step (2) is an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with a temperature of 8°C and a pH of 4; the soaking treatment time is 24 h.

3. The method for promoting the germination of weed seeds according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), rinse the seeds with water; the drying temperature is 36°C, and the drying time is 10 - 16 h.

4. The method for promoting weed seed germination according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3), the drying time is 16 h.

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