An additive for improving fermentation quality of silage corn feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

An additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage feed and a preparation method thereof, which relates to a method for fermenting corn silage. The present invention aims to develop an additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage feed and a preparation method thereof in view of the problem that the pre-fermentation period is long during the natural silage fermentation of corn silage, and secondary fermentation occurs during the fermentation process and after the pit is opened, resulting in the low quality of fermented corn silage feed. The additive is prepared by mixing freeze-dried bacterial powder of Chaetomium circinata and freeze-dried bacterial powder of Trichoderma koningii. Preparation method: 1. Weigh the additive to revive it; 2. Spray the revived additive evenly into the crushed corn silage material, and perform anaerobically fermentation at room temperature for 30 days to complete the fermentation of corn silage. The present invention can significantly improve the sensory evaluation, fermentation level and nutritional level of corn silage after fermentation, and thus can significantly improve the quality of fermented corn silage feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fermentation method for silage corn. Background Art

[0002] Silage corn is corn that has been harvested from all corn plants, including corn cobs, and then chopped, processed, and fermented to make silage. Compared with ordinary corn, it has the advantages of high biological yield, good fiber quality, good green retention, and appropriate dry matter and moisture content. Silage refers to compacting and sealing fresh green plants to isolate the stored green fodder from the outside air, causing internal hypoxia and anaerobic fermentation, thereby producing organic acids, which can be preserved for a long time and not spoil, which can reduce nutrient loss and facilitate animal digestion and absorption. Silage is a kind of feed that uses lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, thereby allowing green fodder to be preserved for a long time. It has the characteristics of high nutritional value, wide source of raw materials, easy long-term storage, good palatability, and high digestibility. Therefore, it is often used as the main roughage source for ruminants. Crops commonly used as silage raw materials include silage corn, alfalfa, oats, and other crop by-products. Among them, silage corn is the most widely used.

[0003] Natural silage fermentation is a common silage method in animal husbandry production. It mainly uses lactic acid bacteria existing in natural plants for fermentation. Due to the low content of lactic acid bacteria in natural plants, it is difficult for lactic acid bacteria to quickly form a dominant silage flora during the fermentation process, and the pH value cannot be reduced in a short time. The main problems in the natural silage fermentation process are: 1) The growth and reproduction of various bacteria are accelerated, and the temperature rises rapidly, resulting in an extension of the pre-fermentation period, and a large amount of nutrient loss in the silage raw materials due to heat; 2) During the fermentation process, mold and spoilage bacteria multiply in large numbers, causing the silage to partially mold and rot, with a pungent smell and poor palatability; 3) Secondary fermentation occurs during the use of the pit, which is particularly prone to mildew spots or moldy patches, further reducing the quality of the fermented feed.

[0004] The present invention aims to develop an additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage and a preparation method thereof in order to solve the problem that the pre-fermentation period is long during the natural silage fermentation of corn silage, and secondary fermentation occurs during the fermentation process and after the pit is opened, resulting in low fermentation quality of corn silage. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to develop an additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage and a preparation method thereof in order to solve the problem that the pre-fermentation period is long during the natural silage fermentation of corn silage, and secondary fermentation occurs during the fermentation process and after the pit is opened, resulting in low fermentation quality of corn silage.

[0006] The additive is prepared by mixing freeze-dried powder of Chaetomium fermentum and freeze-dried powder of Trichoderma koningii; wherein the Chaetomium fermentum is strain Chaetomium fermentum AS3.3594, and the Trichoderma koningii is strain Trichoderma koningii AS3.4001.

[0007] The additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage feed and the preparation method thereof are used, wherein the method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0008] 1. Weigh the additives for resurrection;

[0009] 2. Spray the revived additive evenly onto the crushed corn silage material, and perform anaerobically fermentation at room temperature for 30 days to complete the fermentation of the corn silage.

[0010] The additive for improving the quality of fermented corn silage feed and the preparation method thereof can obviously improve the sensory evaluation, fermentation level and nutritional level of fermented corn silage, thus significantly improving the quality of fermented corn silage feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] In this embodiment, an additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage feed and a preparation method thereof are carried out according to the following steps:

[0012] Specific implementation method 1: The additive of this implementation method is prepared by mixing freeze-dried powder of Chaetomium fermentum and freeze-dried powder of Trichoderma koningii; wherein the Chaetomium fermentum is strain Chaetomium fermentum AS3.3594, and the Trichoderma koningii is strain Trichoderma koningii AS3.4001.

[0013] Specific embodiment 2: This embodiment is different from the specific embodiment 1 in that the mass ratio of Chaetomium fermentum and freeze-dried Trichoderma koningii powder is 3:2; and the viable bacterial values ​​of the two bacteria after resurrection are not less than 15×10 8 CFU / g. Other aspects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0014] Specific embodiment 3: This embodiment is different from specific embodiment 1 or 2 in that: Chaetomium fermentum AS3.3594 and Trichoderma koningii AS3.4001 are inoculated into PDA culture medium respectively, and then placed in a shaking incubator at a temperature of 28°C for 24 hours to obtain mother starter cultures of the two strains. The rest is the same as specific embodiment 1 or 2.

[0015] Specific embodiment 4: This embodiment is different from specific embodiment 3 in that: the mother starter cultures of the two strains are inoculated into the mixed starter culture respectively, and the culture is shaken for 48 hours at a temperature of 28°C to obtain the production starter cultures of the two strains respectively; wherein the mixed starter culture is made of skim milk emulsion, liquid glycerol, oligoxylose and glucose, the mass fraction of skim milk emulsion is 10%, the mass ratio of liquid glycerol to skim milk emulsion is 1:50, the mass ratio of oligoxylose to skim milk emulsion is 1:100, and the mass ratio of glucose to skim milk emulsion is 1:100. The rest is the same as specific embodiment 3.

[0016] Specific embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 4 in that the volume ratio of the mixed fermentation agent to the mother fermentation agent is 1:50. The rest is the same as specific embodiment 4.

[0017] Specific embodiment 6: This embodiment is different from specific embodiments 3 to 5 in that: the production fermentation agent of each of the two strains is introduced into a glass ampoule under aseptic conditions, and the ampoule is capped and then quickly frozen to obtain a frozen fermentation agent, and the frozen fermentation agent is transferred to a freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain freeze-dried strain powders of each of the two strains. The rest is the same as specific embodiments 3 to 5.

[0018] Specific embodiment 7: This embodiment adopts a fermentation agent and a preparation method thereof for improving the quality of silage corn feed in one of specific embodiments 1 to 6:

[0019] 1. Weigh the additives for resurrection;

[0020] 2. Spray the revived additive evenly onto the crushed corn silage material, and perform anaerobically fermentation at room temperature for 30 days to complete the fermentation of the corn silage.

[0021] Specific embodiment eight: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment seven in that the additive is weighed at a ratio of 10 g of additive per ton of corn silage material. The rest is the same as specific embodiment seven.

[0022] Specific embodiment 9: This embodiment is different from specific embodiment 7 or 8 in that: in step 1, 10g of additive is dissolved in 1kg of water at a temperature of 25-30°C, and then left to stand at room temperature for 6 hours for resurrection. The rest is the same as specific embodiment 7 or 8.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A fermentation test was conducted in the Yuanye Beef Cattle Cooperative in Hailun City. The test group used the additives of Specific Implementation Method 2 and fermented the silage corn according to the method of Specific Implementation Method 9. The control group was a natural fermentation group. The silage corn was harvested at the waxy maturity stage, with a stubble height of 5 cm, and was immediately crushed into small pieces of 2 to 3 cm after harvesting; the fermentation cycle was 30 days.

[0025] The results of the two sets of data analysis are as follows:

[0026] 1. Silage sensory evaluation: The silage in the test group was green in color, had a lactic acid aroma, no butyric acid smell, was loose and soft, and not sticky. The silage sensory score was 93, and the grade was excellent. The silage in the natural fermentation group was brown in color, had a butyric acid smell, was slightly sticky, and had some mold and caking phenomena. The silage sensory score was 65, and the grade was good.

[0027] 2. Fermentation level: The silage pH of the experimental group was 4.0, and that of the control group was 4.4, which was significantly lower in the experimental group by 9.1% (P<0.05) than that of the control group; the lactic acid content of the experimental group was 4.9%, and that of the control group was 3.1%, which was significantly higher in the experimental group by 58.1% (P<0.05) than that of the control group; the acetic acid content of the experimental group was 1.7%, and that of the control group was 3.2%, which was significantly lower in the experimental group by 46.9% (P<0.05) than that of the control group; the propionic acid content of the experimental group was 0.45%, and that of the control group was 0.32%, which was significantly higher in the experimental group by 40.6% (P<0.05) than that of the control group; the butyric acid content of the experimental group was 1.3%, and that of the control group was 2.8%, which was significantly lower in the experimental group by 53.6% (P<0.05) than that of the control group; the ammonium nitrogen content of the experimental group was 9.8%, and that of the control group was 18.2%, which was significantly lower in the experimental group by 65.6% (P<0.05) than that of the control group;

[0028] 3. Nutritional level: The DM content of silage in the experimental group was 33%, and that in the control group was 24%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group by 37.5% (P < 0.05); the CP content of silage in the experimental group was 4.2%, and that in the control group was 3.4%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group by 23.5% (P < 0.05); the NDF content of silage in the experimental group was 45%, and that in the control group was 51%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group by 11.8% (P < 0.05); the ADF content of silage in the experimental group was 27%, and that in the control group was 33%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group by 18.2% (P < 0.05); the starch content of silage in the experimental group was 25%, and that in the control group was 16%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group by 56.3% (P < 0.05).

[0029] Based on the above results, the additive for improving the quality of fermented corn silage feed and the preparation method thereof can significantly improve the sensory evaluation, fermentation level and nutritional level of fermented corn silage, thereby significantly improving the quality of fermented corn silage feed.

Claims

1. An additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage corn feed, characterized in that The additive is prepared by mixing freeze-dried powder of Chaetomium fermentum and freeze-dried powder of Trichoderma koningii; wherein the Chaetomium fermentum is strain Chaetomium fermentum AS3.3594, and the Trichoderma koningii is strain Trichoderma koningii AS3.4001.

2. The additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage corn feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of Chaetomium fermentum and Trichoderma koningii freeze-dried powder was 3:2; and the viable bacterial values ​​of the two bacteria after resurrection were not less than 15×10 8 CFU / g.

3. The method for applying the additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage according to claim 1, characterized in that The method proceeds as follows:

1. Weigh the additives for resurrection; 2. Spray the revived additive evenly into the crushed corn silage material, and perform anaerobically fermentation at room temperature for 30 days to complete the fermentation of the corn silage.

4. The method for applying the additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage according to claim 3, characterized in that Add 10g of additive per ton of silage corn material.

5. The method for applying the additive for improving the fermentation quality of corn silage according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that In step 1, 10 g of the additive is dissolved in 1 kg of water at a temperature of 25-30° C., and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 6 hours to revive.