Pressure regulating hydrogen storage device, pressure regulating hydrogen storage method and composite hydrogen delivery system

Abstract

The application provides a pressure regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure regulating hydrogen storage method and a composite hydrogen delivery system, which can deliver hydrogen under pressure for a long time and meet the filling demand of hydrogen for hydrogenation load with large capacity. The pressure regulating hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen delivery pipeline, a pressure regulating hydrogen storage unit and a temperature regulating liquid bath unit. The pressure regulating hydrogen storage unit comprises a first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with a first metal hydride hydrogen storage material and a second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with a second metal hydride hydrogen storage material, which are sequentially connected in series along the hydrogen delivery direction of the hydrogen delivery pipeline. The platform pressure of the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material at room temperature is less than that of the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material at room temperature. The temperature regulating liquid bath unit comprises a first temperature regulating bath chamber containing the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group, a second temperature regulating bath chamber containing the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group and a temperature regulating liquid delivery tank in circulation communication with the first temperature regulating bath chamber and the second temperature regulating bath chamber, respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a combined hydrogen transport system. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a clean energy source, has a high calorific value and produces no carbon dioxide during combustion, making it a potential alternative to energy sources such as oil, natural gas, and coal. Furthermore, hydrogen energy boasts high calorific value, renewability, and environmental friendliness, offering broad application prospects in the automotive, marine, industrial thermal, and power sectors.

[0003] However, hydrogen storage and transportation remain significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of hydrogen energy. Currently, one common method of hydrogen storage is using high-pressure cylinders. However, this gaseous storage method has low volumetric hydrogen density, making it unsuitable for large-scale stationary hydrogen storage. Furthermore, it requires specially designed and expensive tanks to withstand hydrogen pressure, increasing costs. Another method, liquid hydrogen storage, requires storing liquid hydrogen at extremely low temperatures, making transportation difficult and costly. Solid-state hydrogen storage technology, on the other hand, primarily stores hydrogen in solid materials. It generally offers advantages such as high volumetric hydrogen density and high safety. Moreover, using metal hydride hydrogen storage materials can achieve stationary, high-density, high-stability, and fast-response solid-state hydrogen storage, meeting the hydrogen storage requirements of hydrogen-using facilities.

[0004] Furthermore, while pipeline hydrogen transportation offers advantages such as low transportation costs and low energy consumption, enabling continuous, large-scale, and long-distance hydrogen delivery, it currently cannot meet the diverse pressure and flow rate requirements of industries like chemical and metallurgical manufacturing. Therefore, directly coupling medium- and low-pressure hydrogen pipelines with solid-state hydrogen storage systems can not only achieve efficient storage of pipeline-transported hydrogen but also adjust hydrogen pressure and flow rate according to the needs of downstream applications, thus matching pipeline hydrogen supply with industrial applications and significantly reducing carbon emissions.

[0005] For example, Chinese Patent 202021170701.7 discloses a hydrogen refueling station system based on solid-state hydrogen storage and supply. This system utilizes multi-stage solid-state hydrogen storage units for step-by-step pressurization, representing a multi-stage non-mechanical static pressurization metal hydride hydrogen refueling station system. However, this approach relies solely on the last-stage solid-state hydrogen storage unit for each refueling, resulting in a limited hydrogen refueling capacity that cannot meet the demands of large-capacity refueling. Furthermore, the last-stage solid-state hydrogen storage unit in this system releases hydrogen at high temperatures and absorbs hydrogen at low temperatures. Therefore, after each refueling, it requires a prolonged cooling period to allow the last-stage solid-state hydrogen storage unit to complete its hydrogen absorption before it can be put back into operation, leading to low actual operating efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One advantage of this invention is that it provides a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a composite hydrogen transportation system, which can pressurize and transport hydrogen for a long time to meet the refueling needs of large-capacity hydrogen loads.

[0007] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a composite hydrogen transportation system. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device can solve the problem that after a hydrogen refueling, it is necessary to cool it for a long time before it can be put into use again.

[0008] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a composite hydrogen transportation system. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device can store a certain amount of pressurized hydrogen for a long time without having to pay additional energy consumption.

[0009] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a composite hydrogen transportation system. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composite hydrogen transportation system can achieve the goals of saving energy consumption, simplifying equipment manufacturing, and simplifying operation procedures without affecting the normal operation of the system.

[0010] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a composite hydrogen transportation system. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composite hydrogen transportation system can more accurately estimate the remaining capacity of a single hydrogen storage tank in real time, avoiding the accumulation of errors caused by measurement errors and system errors, thereby providing effective protection for the electrification and intelligent control of the entire hydrogen transportation system.

[0011] Another advantage of this invention is that it provides a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a combined hydrogen transport system, wherein a complex system is not required to achieve the above objectives. Therefore, this invention successfully and effectively provides a solution that not only offers a simple pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a combined hydrogen transport system, but also increases the practicality and reliability of the aforementioned devices, methods, and systems.

[0012] To achieve at least one of the above-mentioned advantages or other advantages and objectives of the present invention, the present invention provides a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, comprising:

[0013] Hydrogen transportation pipeline;

[0014] A pressure-regulating hydrogen storage unit, comprising a first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with a first metal hydride hydrogen storage material and a second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with a second metal hydride hydrogen storage material, wherein the first and second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank groups are sequentially connected in series along the hydrogen transport direction in the hydrogen transport pipeline, and the plateau pressure of the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material at room temperature is less than the plateau pressure of the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material at room temperature; and

[0015] The temperature-controlled liquid bath unit includes a first temperature-controlled bath housing the first pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group, a second temperature-controlled bath housing the second pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group, and a temperature-controlled infusion tank that is circulatedly connected to the first temperature-controlled bath and the second temperature-controlled bath respectively. The temperature-controlled infusion tank is used to circulate cold or hot liquid to the first temperature-controlled bath so that the first pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group absorbs or releases hydrogen under cold or hot bath conditions, and to circulate warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath so that the second pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group absorbs or releases hydrogen under warm bath conditions.

[0016] According to one embodiment of this application, the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material is a rare earth-based hydrogen storage material with a plateau pressure between 2 MPa and 4 MPa at room temperature; the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material is a titanium-based Laves phase hydrogen storage material with a plateau pressure between 7 MPa and 10 MPa at room temperature.

[0017] According to one embodiment of this application, the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material is La. 0.25 Ce 0.55 Ca 0.2 Ni 4.5 Co 0.5 Alloy; the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material is Ti 0.95 Zr 0.07 Cr 1.3 Mn 0.3 Fe 0.4 alloy.

[0018] According to one embodiment of this application, the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group includes a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks and a plurality of porous tubes installed in each of the hydrogen storage tanks; the plurality of hydrogen storage tanks are installed in parallel in the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the porous tubes extend from the gas inlet of the hydrogen storage tanks toward the gas outlet of the hydrogen storage tanks, and the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material is filled between the hydrogen storage tanks and the porous tubes.

[0019] According to one embodiment of this application, the porous tube has a connecting end connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank and a free end adjacent to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, so as to leave a buffer space between the free end of the porous tube and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0020] According to one embodiment of this application, the hydrogen transmission pipeline includes a series main pipe, parallel branch pipes, an inlet valve, and an outlet valve; one end of each parallel branch pipe is connected to the inlet or outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the other end of each parallel branch pipe is connected to the series main pipe; the inlet valve is installed on the parallel branch pipe connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet valve is installed on the parallel branch pipe connected to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0021] According to one embodiment of this application, the hydrogen transmission pipeline further includes a one-way gas valve installed in the series main pipe. The one-way gas valve is located in the pipeline between the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group and the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, and is used to allow hydrogen to flow from the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group to the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, and to prevent hydrogen from flowing from the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group to the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group.

[0022] According to one embodiment of this application, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device further includes a pressure-regulating control unit, which includes a controller controllably connected to the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage unit and the temperature-regulating liquid bath unit, a flow sensor installed on the parallel branch pipe, a pressure sensor installed on the hydrogen storage tank, and a temperature sensor installed on the hydrogen storage tank; the controller is communicatively connected to the flow sensor, the pressure sensor, and the temperature sensor, and is used to control the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage unit and the temperature-regulating liquid bath unit to perform corresponding operations based on information collected via the flow sensor, the pressure sensor, and the temperature sensor.

[0023] According to one embodiment of this application, the controller includes a pressure regulating tank controller and a liquid bath controller; the pressure regulating tank controller is communicatively connected to the flow sensor and the pressure sensor, and is controllably connected to the inlet valve and the outlet valve for independently grouping and controlling the opening and closing of the inlet valve and the outlet valve; the liquid bath controller is communicatively connected to the temperature sensor, and is controllably connected to the temperature-controlled infusion tank for controlling the temperature-controlled infusion tank to circulate and deliver corresponding liquids to the first temperature-controlled bath and / or the second temperature-controlled bath respectively.

[0024] According to another aspect of this application, this application further provides a composite hydrogen transport system, comprising:

[0025] A purified hydrogen storage device for connection to a hydrogen pipeline; and

[0026] The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device described above is connected to the purified hydrogen storage device and is used to regulate the pressure of hydrogen from the purified hydrogen storage device so as to add the regulated hydrogen to the hydrogen loading load.

[0027] According to another aspect of this application, this application further provides a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method for the aforementioned combined hydrogen transport system, comprising the steps of:

[0028] S110: When the hydrogen loading load requires the injection of high-pressure hydrogen, control the temperature-controlled liquid delivery tank to circulate and deliver warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath, so that the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material can release high-pressure hydrogen under the temperature bath.

[0029] S120: When the hydrogen storage capacity of the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group is lower than the predetermined hydrogen replenishment threshold, determine whether the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material is in a hydrogen absorption saturation state.

[0030] S130: In response to the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group not being in a hydrogen absorption saturation state, control the temperature-regulating infusion tank to circulate cold liquid to the first temperature-regulating bath, so that the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group can absorb low-pressure hydrogen under cold bath conditions; and

[0031] S140: In response to the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group being in a hydrogen absorption saturation state or having completed hydrogen absorption again, control the temperature regulating liquid delivery tank to circulate hot liquid to the first temperature regulating bath, so that the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group releases high-pressure hydrogen under the hot bath to replenish hydrogen to the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group.

[0032] According to one embodiment of this application, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method further includes the following steps:

[0033] S150: When the hydrogen storage capacity of the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group is lower than the predetermined hydrogen supply threshold, repeat steps S130 and S140.

[0034] According to one embodiment of this application, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method further includes the following steps:

[0035] S160: When the hydrogen loading is completed, control the temperature-controlled infusion tank to circulate warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath, so that the empty tanks and partially used tanks in the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group absorb high-pressure hydrogen in the warm bath, and repeat steps S120 to S150 until the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is in a hydrogen absorption saturation state.

[0036] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has, but is not limited to, the following advantages:

[0037] 1) The pressure regulating hydrogen storage device in the composite hydrogen transportation system provided by the present invention can not only pressurize the low-pressure hydrogen from the purified hydrogen storage device to obtain high-pressure hydrogen, but also continuously inject high-pressure hydrogen into the hydrogen loading load for a long time, thereby improving the actual operating efficiency, and eliminating the need for a long cooling period after hydrogen injection as required by the prior art before it can be put into use again.

[0038] 2) This application can use the same liquid bath system to simultaneously regulate the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank group and the hydrogen purification tank group, which can not only save energy, but also simplify the equipment manufacturing and operation process.

[0039] 3) This invention introduces a linear Kalman filter algorithm into the control of hydrogen storage tanks. By using the measured pressure and flow data, the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of a single hydrogen storage tank can be estimated more accurately in real time, avoiding the accumulation of errors caused by measurement errors and system errors, and providing effective protection for the electrification and intelligent control of the entire hydrogen transportation system. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a composite hydrogen transport system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 2 A longitudinal cross-sectional schematic view of the hydrogen storage tank in the composite hydrogen transport system according to the above embodiments of this application is shown;

[0042] Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic view of a hydrogen storage tank according to the above embodiments of this application is shown;

[0043] Figure 4 La was shown 0.25 Ce 0.55 Ca 0.2 Ni 4.5 Co 0.5 Schematic diagram of the hydrogen absorption PCT curve of the alloy at 20℃ and the hydrogen desorption PCT curve at 90℃;

[0044] Figure 5 Ti is shown 0.95 Zr 0.07 Cr 1.3 Mn 0.3 Fe 0.4 A schematic diagram of the hydrogen absorption and desorption PCT curves of the alloy at 20℃;

[0045] Figure 6 Ti is shown 0.95 Zr 0.05 Mn 0.9 Cr 0.9 V 0.2 A schematic diagram of the hydrogen absorption and desorption PCT curves of the alloy at 20℃;

[0046] Figure 7 Ti is shown 0.85 Zr 0.17 Cr 0.9 Mn 0.2 Fe 0.8 V 0.1 A schematic diagram of the hydrogen absorption and desorption PCT curves of the alloy at 20℃;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart of a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart of a hydrogen purification and storage method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for estimating hydrogen storage capacity according to an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating the iterative calculation steps in the hydrogen storage capacity estimation method according to the above embodiments of this application is shown.

[0051] Figure 12 The diagram illustrates the predictive effect of the hydrogen storage capacity estimation method, PCT curve method, and flow integral method according to Embodiment 1 of this application on the hydrogen release amount-time relationship during constant flow hydrogen release.

[0052] Figure 13 The diagram illustrates the error curves between the predicted and actual hydrogen release amounts during a constant-flow hydrogen release process, based on the hydrogen storage capacity estimation method, PCT curve method, and flow integral method according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0053] Key component symbols: 1. Composite hydrogen transport system; 10. Purification and storage device; 12. Purification and storage unit; 121. Hydrogen purification tank group; 1210. Third metal hydride hydrogen storage material; 1211. Purification tank body; 122. Hydrogen storage tank group; 1220. Fourth metal hydride hydrogen storage material; 13. Circulating liquid bath unit; 131. First liquid bath; 132. Second liquid bath; 133. Circulating infusion tank; 1330. Circulating infusion pipeline; 1331. Circulating storage tank body; 1332. One-way liquid valve; 14. Purification control unit; 20. Pressure regulating hydrogen storage device; 21. Hydrogen transport pipeline; 211. Series main pipe; 212. Parallel branch pipe; 213. Inlet valve; 214. Outlet valve; 215. One-way gas valve; 216. 22. Three-way valve; 22. Pressure regulating hydrogen storage unit; 221. First pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group; 2210. First metal hydride hydrogen storage material; 222. Second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group; 2220. Second metal hydride hydrogen storage material; 2221. Hydrogen storage tank body; 2222. Porous pipe body; 23. Temperature regulating liquid bath unit; 231. First temperature regulating bath; 232. Second temperature regulating bath; 233. Temperature regulating infusion tank; 2331. Liquid storage tank body; 2332. First circulating infusion pipeline; 2333. Second circulating infusion pipeline; 24. Pressure regulating control unit; 241. Controller; 2411. Pressure regulating tank controller; 2412. Liquid bath controller; 242. Flow sensor; 243. Pressure sensor; 244. Temperature sensor; 2. Hydrogen delivery pipeline; 3. Hydrogen loading load.

[0054] The above description of the main component symbols, together with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides a more detailed explanation of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0056] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0057] In this invention, the term "a" in the claims and specification should be understood as "one or more," that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple. Unless explicitly indicated in the disclosure of this invention that the number of the element is only one, the term "a" should not be construed as unique or single, and the term "a" should not be construed as a limitation on the quantity.

[0058] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "connected" or "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through a medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0060] Considering that existing hydrogen refueling station systems based on solid-state hydrogen storage and supply require a long cooling period after each hydrogen refueling before they can be put back into operation, their actual operating efficiency is relatively low. This application designs a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method, and a composite hydrogen transportation system, which can solve the problem of requiring a long cooling period after each hydrogen refueling before it can be put back into operation.

[0061] Specifically, refer to the accompanying drawings in the specification of this application. Figure 1According to one embodiment of this application, a composite hydrogen transportation system 1 is provided. The composite hydrogen transportation system 1 may include a purified hydrogen storage device 10 for connection to a hydrogen transportation pipeline 2 and a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device 20 for connection to a hydrogen refueling load 3. The purified hydrogen storage device 10 is connected to the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device 20 and is used to supply hydrogen to the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device 20. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device 20 is used to regulate the pressure of the hydrogen from the purified hydrogen storage device 10 so as to refuel the hydrogen to the hydrogen refueling load 3. It is understood that the hydrogen transportation pipeline 2 mentioned in this application is preferably implemented as a medium- or low-pressure pipeline; the hydrogen refueling load 3 mentioned in this application may, but is not limited to, be implemented as a hydrogen dispenser or a hydrogen-powered vehicle, etc.

[0062] More specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device 20 may include a hydrogen delivery pipeline 21, a pressure-regulating hydrogen storage unit 22, and a temperature-regulating liquid bath unit 23. The input end of the hydrogen delivery pipeline 21 is used to connect to the purified hydrogen storage device 10, and the output end of the hydrogen delivery pipeline 21 is used to connect to the hydrogen loading load 3. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage unit 22 includes a first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 filled with a first metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2210 and a second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 filled with a second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220; wherein the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 and the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 are sequentially connected in series along the hydrogen delivery direction to the hydrogen delivery pipeline 21, and the plateau pressure of the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2210 at room temperature is less than the plateau pressure of the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 at room temperature. The temperature-controlled liquid bath unit 23 includes a first temperature-controlled bath 231 accommodating the first pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group 221, a second temperature-controlled bath 232 accommodating the second pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group 222, and a temperature-controlled infusion tank 233 circulatedly connected to the first temperature-controlled bath 231 and the second temperature-controlled bath 232, respectively. The temperature-controlled infusion tank 233 is used to circulate cold or hot liquid to the first temperature-controlled bath 231 so that the first pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group 221 absorbs or releases hydrogen under cold or hot bath conditions, and to circulate warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath 232 so that the second pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group 222 absorbs or releases hydrogen under warm bath conditions. It is understood that the liquid bath mentioned in this application can be implemented as a water bath, but is not limited to, an oil bath or other fluid baths; the first temperature-controlled bath 231 and the second temperature-controlled bath 232 mentioned in this application can be implemented as water baths, but are not limited to, water baths.

[0063] It is worth noting that, since the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 and the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 are installed in series along the hydrogen transmission direction in the hydrogen transmission pipeline 21, the hydrogen gas transported through the hydrogen transmission pipeline 21 first flows through the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 and then flows through the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222.

[0064] Furthermore, the temperature of the cold liquid mentioned in this application is lower than the temperature of the hot liquid, while the temperature of the warm liquid only needs to be lower than the temperature of the hot liquid; for example, the temperature of the warm liquid can be implemented as room temperature of 20 ℃, then the temperature of the hot liquid is greater than 20 ℃; at this time, the temperature of the cold liquid can be less than 20 ℃, or equal to or greater than 20 ℃, as long as it is lower than the temperature of the hot liquid. Optionally, the temperature of the hot bath mentioned in this application is greater than 80 ℃. It is understood that the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 of this application absorbs and releases hydrogen under a warm bath, that is, it can release hydrogen at room temperature and absorb hydrogen at room temperature, which means that it can directly absorb hydrogen without cooling after releasing hydrogen, resulting in high operating efficiency.

[0065] Based on the temperature-pressure relationship characteristics of metal hydride hydrogen storage materials, it can be seen that the plateau pressure of a metal hydride hydrogen storage material increases with increasing temperature. That is, the plateau pressure of the same metal hydride hydrogen storage material at a warm bath temperature is greater than its plateau pressure at a cold bath temperature, but less than its plateau pressure at a hot bath temperature. Therefore, although the plateau pressure of the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2210 at room temperature is less than that of the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 at room temperature, the plateau pressure of the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2210 at a hot bath temperature can be equal to or greater than the plateau pressure of the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 at room temperature (warm bath temperature).

[0066] Thus, when the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 needs hydrogen replenishment, it can absorb hydrogen in a cold bath to store low-pressure hydrogen from the purified hydrogen storage device 10. At this time, the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 can release hydrogen in a warm bath to add high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen loading load 3. After the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 has completed hydrogen replenishment, it can release hydrogen in a hot bath to release high-pressure hydrogen to the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 to continuously add high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen loading load 3. At this time, the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 can absorb hydrogen in a warm bath to store excess high-pressure hydrogen from the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 (high-pressure hydrogen not added to the hydrogen loading load 3), avoiding energy loss. In other words, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device 20 of this application can not only pressurize the low-pressure hydrogen from the purified hydrogen storage device 10 to obtain high-pressure hydrogen, but also continuously supply high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen loading load 3 for a long time, improving the actual operating efficiency, without requiring a long cooling period after each hydrogen filling as in the prior art. It is understood that the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen mentioned in this application is relative to the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen; it is only necessary to ensure that the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen is greater than the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen, and this application will not elaborate further on this point.

[0067] Optionally, the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2210 is implemented as a rare earth-based hydrogen storage material with a plateau pressure between 2 MPa and 4 MPa at room temperature; the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 is implemented as a Ti-based Laves phase hydrogen storage material with a plateau pressure between 7 MPa and 10 MPa at room temperature.

[0068] For example, the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2210 can be implemented as La 0.25 Ce 0.55 Ca 0.2 Ni 4.5 Co 0.5 Alloys, such as Figure 4 As shown, its hydrogen absorption plateau pressure at 20°C is 3.10 MPa, and its hydrogen release plateau pressure at 90°C is 10.68 MPa. This second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 can be implemented as Ti... 0.95 Zr 0.07 Cr 1.3 Mn 0.3 Fe 0.4 Alloys, such as Figure 5 As shown, its hydrogen absorption plateau pressure at 20℃ is 7.54 MPa, and its hydrogen release plateau pressure at 20℃ is 7.18 MPa.

[0069] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 may include a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks 2221 and a plurality of porous tubes 2222 installed in the hydrogen storage tanks 2221 respectively; the plurality of hydrogen storage tanks 2221 are installed in parallel in the hydrogen transmission pipeline 21, and the porous tubes 2222 extend from the inlet of the hydrogen storage tanks 2221 toward the outlet of the hydrogen storage tanks 2221, and the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 is filled between the hydrogen storage tanks 2221 and the porous tubes 2222. In this way, the porous tube 2222 can not only transport high-pressure hydrogen from the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221 for direct filling of the hydrogen loading load 3, but also transport high-pressure hydrogen from the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 to the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 for hydrogen absorption and storage; in addition, when the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 stops releasing hydrogen, the porous tube 2222 can also collect the high-pressure hydrogen released through the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 and transport it to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221 for continuous filling of the hydrogen loading load 3. It is understood that the porous tube 2222 mentioned in this application refers to a hollow tube with multiple through holes in the tube wall: one end of the hollow tube is open to the gas inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221, the other end of the hollow tube is open to the gas outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221, and the through holes in the tube wall of the hollow tube are open to the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220.

[0070] Optionally, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the porous tube 2222 has a connecting end that connects to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221 and a free end adjacent to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221. This provides a buffer space between the free end of the porous tube 2222 and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221 to buffer the high-pressure hydrogen gas output through the free end opening of the porous tube 2222. This allows the high-pressure hydrogen gas to both be output through the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221 to refuel the hydrogen loading load 3 and to contact the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 for hydrogen absorption and storage. Simultaneously, the high-pressure hydrogen gas released through the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2220 can also directly enter the buffer space without passing through the porous tube 2222 to be output through the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221 to refuel the hydrogen loading load 3.

[0071] It is worth noting that the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 can have the same structure as the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222, and only needs to be filled with the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2210 accordingly; that is, the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 can also include a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks 2221 installed in parallel on the hydrogen transmission pipeline 21 and a plurality of porous tubes 2222 installed in the hydrogen storage tanks 2221 respectively, and the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material 2210 is filled between the hydrogen storage tanks 2221 and the porous tubes 2222.

[0072] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage tank 2221 of this application is preferably implemented as a cylindrical stainless steel tank to achieve both high pressure resistance and good thermal conductivity, so that the metal hydride hydrogen storage material can better dissipate heat when absorbing hydrogen and better absorb heat from the outside when releasing hydrogen. The filling method mentioned in this application can be, but is not limited to, filling with a mixture of epoxy resin binder and flake graphite thermal conductive agent in a compacted block, with the amount of epoxy resin and flake graphite both added at 5 wt.%; after the filling is completed and the compacted block is formed, a hole can be drilled in the middle of the compacted block to allow the porous tube 2222 to pass through.

[0073] According to the above embodiments of this application, as Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen supply pipeline 21 may include a series main pipe 211, parallel branch pipes 212, an inlet valve 213, and an outlet valve 214. One end of each parallel branch pipe 212 is connected to the inlet or outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221, and the other end of each parallel branch pipe 212 is connected to the series main pipe 211. The inlet valve 213 is installed on the parallel branch pipe 212 connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221. The outlet valve 214 is installed on the parallel branch pipe 212 connected to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221. It is understood that the outlet valve 214 mentioned in this application may, but is not limited to, be implemented as a pressure reducing valve to achieve constant pressure hydrogen supply.

[0074] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen transmission pipeline 21 may further include a one-way gas valve 215 installed in the series main pipe 211. The one-way gas valve 215 is located in the pipeline between the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 and the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222, and is used to allow hydrogen to flow from the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 to the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222, and to prevent hydrogen from flowing from the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222 to the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221.

[0075] Optionally, such as Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen supply pipeline 21 may further include a three-way valve 216 installed in the series main pipe 211. The three-way valve 216 is located in the pipeline between the purified hydrogen storage device 10 and the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221, so that the purified hydrogen storage device 10 can both inject low-pressure hydrogen into the hydrogen loading load 3 through the three-way valve 216 and provide low-pressure hydrogen to the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 221 through the three-way valve 216, and then inject high-pressure hydrogen into the hydrogen loading load 3 after pressurization.

[0076] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the temperature-controlled infusion tank 233 may include a storage tank 2331, a first circulating infusion line 2332, and a second circulating infusion line 2333. The first circulating infusion line 2332 connects the storage tank 2331 to the first temperature-controlled bath 231, and is used to circulate liquid to the first temperature-controlled bath 231 so that the first pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group 221 can be used for liquid bathing. The second circulating infusion line 2333 connects the storage tank 2331 to the second temperature-controlled bath 232, and is used to circulate liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath 232 so that the second pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group 222 can be used for liquid bathing. It is understood that the first circulating infusion line 2332 and the second circulating infusion line 2333 may have the same structure, both consisting of an infusion pipe body and an infusion pump, which will not be described in detail in this application.

[0077] It is worth noting that, in order to achieve automatic control of the pressure regulating hydrogen storage device 20, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the pressure regulating hydrogen storage device 20 of this application may further include a pressure regulating control unit 24. The pressure regulating control unit 24 includes a controller 241 controllably connected to the pressure regulating hydrogen storage unit 22 and the temperature regulating liquid bath unit 23, a flow sensor 242 installed on the parallel branch pipe 212, a pressure sensor 243 installed on the hydrogen storage tank 2221, and a temperature sensor 244 installed on the hydrogen storage tank 2221. The controller 241 is communicatively connected to the flow sensor 242, the pressure sensor 243, and the temperature sensor 244, and is used to control the pressure regulating hydrogen storage unit 22 and the temperature regulating liquid bath unit 23 to perform corresponding operations based on the information collected by the flow sensor 242, the pressure sensor 243, and the temperature sensor 244.

[0078] Optionally, the flow sensor 242 may be implemented as a flow meter near the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221, so that the flow meter can be adjusted to a certain extent according to user needs; the pressure sensor 243 may be implemented as a pressure gauge near the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2221; and the temperature sensor 244 may be implemented as a temperature-sensing thermocouple inserted into the hydrogen storage tank 2221, so as to measure the internal temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 2221 in real time.

[0079] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the controller 241 may include a pressure regulating tank controller 2411 and a liquid bath controller 2412; the pressure regulating tank controller 2411 is communicatively connected to the flow sensor 242 and the pressure sensor 243, and is controllably connected to the inlet valve 213 and the outlet valve 214 for independently grouping and controlling the opening and closing of the inlet valve 213 and the outlet valve 214; the liquid bath controller 2412 is communicatively connected to the temperature sensor 244, and is controllably connected to the temperature-controlled infusion tank 233 for controlling the temperature-controlled infusion tank 233 to circulate and deliver the corresponding liquid to the first temperature-controlled bath 231 and / or the second temperature-controlled bath 232 respectively.

[0080] According to the above embodiments of this application, as Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen purification and storage device 10 may include a hydrogen purification and storage unit 12 and a circulating liquid bath unit 13. The hydrogen purification and storage unit 12 includes a hydrogen purification tank group 121 filled with a third metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1210 and a hydrogen storage tank group 122 filled with a fourth metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1220. The hydrogen purification tank group 121 and the hydrogen storage tank group 122 are connected in series along the hydrogen transportation direction to the hydrogen transportation pipeline 21. The circulating liquid bath unit 13 includes a first liquid bath 131 accommodating the hydrogen purification tank group 121, a second liquid bath 132 accommodating the hydrogen storage tank group 122, and a circulating delivery tank 133 with a circulating delivery pipeline 1330. The second liquid bath 132 and the first liquid bath 131 are sequentially connected in series along the delivery direction in the circulating delivery pipeline 1330, for circulating liquid delivery to the second liquid bath 132 and the first liquid bath 131 through the circulating delivery tank 133, so that the hydrogen storage tank group 122 and the hydrogen purification tank group 121 can respectively absorb and release hydrogen under the liquid bath. It is understood that the liquid bath mentioned in this application can be implemented as a water bath, but not limited to an oil bath or other fluid baths; the first liquid bath 131 and the second liquid bath 132 mentioned in this application can be implemented as a water bath.

[0081] It is worth noting that, since the hydrogen purification tank group 121 and the hydrogen storage tank group 122 are installed in series along the hydrogen transmission direction in the hydrogen transmission pipeline 21, the hydrogen transported through the hydrogen transmission pipeline 21 first flows through the hydrogen purification tank group 121 for purification and filtration, and then flows through the hydrogen storage tank group 122 for pressure regulation and storage. This helps to improve the hydrogen storage density and hydrogen transmission stability, so that the medium and low pressure hydrogen transported through the hydrogen transmission pipeline 2 can meet the refueling requirements of the hydrogen loading load 3 after being purified and stored by the hydrogen purification and storage device 10.

[0082] Meanwhile, since the second liquid bath 132 and the first liquid bath 131 are connected in series along the liquid delivery direction in the circulating liquid delivery pipeline 1330, the liquid delivered by the circulating liquid delivery tank 133 flows through the hydrogen storage tank group 122 and the hydrogen purification tank group 121 in turn, so that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank group 122 and the hydrogen purification tank group 121 can be regulated simultaneously using the same liquid bath system. This not only saves energy, but also simplifies the equipment manufacturing and operation process.

[0083] In other words, when the hydrogen storage tank assembly 122 absorbs hydrogen, it releases heat to heat the liquid flowing through the second liquid bath 132, thereby increasing the temperature of the liquid flowing through the first liquid bath 131. This allows the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 to absorb heat and release hydrogen in the heated liquid bath, meaning the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 can utilize the heat released by the hydrogen storage tank assembly 122 to release hydrogen, avoiding energy consumption. Conversely, when the hydrogen storage tank assembly 122 releases hydrogen, it releases cold energy (i.e., absorbs heat) to cool the liquid flowing through the second liquid bath 132, thereby decreasing the temperature of the liquid flowing through the first liquid bath 131. This allows the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 to absorb heat and release hydrogen in the cooled liquid bath, meaning the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 can utilize the cold energy released by the hydrogen storage tank assembly 122 to absorb hydrogen, avoiding energy consumption.

[0084] It is understandable that when the input and output hydrogen volumes of the hydrogen purification and storage device 10 are essentially the same, the net value of the hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions occurring in the third metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1210 and the fourth metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1220 is zero. This ensures that the outflow and return liquid temperatures of the circulating infusion tank 133 remain essentially constant, achieving a heat-free circulating liquid bath and contributing to energy conservation. Furthermore, when the input and output hydrogen volumes of the hydrogen purification and storage device 10 are different, the operating state of the device can be considered as a combination of two operating conditions: only hydrogen input and only hydrogen output. The circulating infusion tank 133 of this application can still operate normally to provide the required liquid bath without affecting the normal operation of the system.

[0085] Optionally, the third metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1210 can be implemented as a Ti-based Laves phase hydrogen storage material with a plateau pressure between 1 MPa and 3 MPa at room temperature; the fourth metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1220 can be implemented as a Ti-based Laves phase hydrogen storage material or a rare earth-based AB5 type hydrogen storage material with a plateau pressure between 2 MPa and 6 MPa at room temperature. It is understood that room temperature mentioned in this application may refer to 20°C.

[0086] For example, such as Figure 6As shown, the third metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1210 can, but is not limited to, be implemented as Ti 0.95 Zr 0.05 Mn 0.9 Cr 0.9 V 0.2 The alloy has a hydrogen absorption plateau pressure of 2.04 MPa at 20°C and a hydrogen release plateau pressure of 1.68 MPa at 20°C; for example... Figure 7 As shown, the fourth metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1220 can, but is not limited to, be implemented as Ti 0.85 Zr 0.17 Cr 0.9 Mn 0.2 Fe 0.8 V 0.1 The alloy exhibits a hydrogen absorption plateau pressure of 2.99 MPa at 20°C and a hydrogen desorption plateau pressure of 2.71 MPa at 20°C. It is understood that, in other examples of this application, the fourth metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1220 can also be implemented as such as La... 0.25 Ce 0.55 Ca 0.2 Ni 4.5 Co 0.5 Rare earth-based AB5-type hydrogen storage materials and materials such as Ti 0.95 Zr 0.05 Mn 0.9 Cr 0.9 V 0.2 or Ti 0.95 Zr 0.07 Mn 1.15 Cr 0.7 V 0.15 One of the titanium-based AB2 type Laves phase hydrogen storage materials.

[0087] It is worth noting that, according to the temperature-pressure relationship characteristics of metal hydride hydrogen storage materials, the plateau pressure of metal hydride hydrogen storage materials increases with increasing temperature. That is, the plateau pressure of the third metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1210 in a liquid bath with increased temperature is greater than its plateau pressure in a liquid bath with decreased temperature. Therefore, when the hydrogen storage tank assembly 122 absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, the liquid flowing through the second liquid bath 132 is heated and flows into the first liquid bath 131, causing the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 to release hydrogen at a higher pressure under the increased temperature liquid bath. That is, the hydrogen release platform pressure of the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 is increased, which helps to improve the hydrogen absorption efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank assembly 122. When the hydrogen storage tank assembly 122 releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, the liquid flowing through the second liquid bath 132 is cooled and flows into the first liquid bath 131, causing the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 to absorb hydrogen under the decreased temperature liquid bath. That is, the hydrogen absorption platform pressure of the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 is reduced, which helps to improve the hydrogen absorption efficiency of the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121.

[0088] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen purification tank assembly 121 may include at least one purification tank 1211 installed in the hydrogen pipeline 21, and the third metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1210 is filled in tablets or powder within the purification tank 1211. For example, the specific filling method of the third metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1210 of this application can be implemented as epoxy resin binder briquettes, with the amount of epoxy resin added being 5 wt.%.

[0089] It is understood that the hydrogen storage tank group 122 of this application can have the same structure as the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group 222, only needing to be filled with the fourth metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1220 accordingly; that is, the hydrogen storage tank group 122 can also include a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks 2221 installed in parallel on the hydrogen transmission pipeline 21 and a plurality of porous tubes 2222 installed in the hydrogen storage tanks 2221 respectively, and the fourth metal hydride hydrogen storage material 1220 is filled between the hydrogen storage tanks 2221 and the porous tubes 2222.

[0090] Optionally, such as Figure 1As shown, the circulating infusion tank 133 may include a circulating storage tank 1331 and a one-way liquid valve 1332 installed in the circulating infusion pipeline 1330. The one-way liquid valve 1332 is located in the pipeline between the second liquid bath 132 and the first liquid bath 131, and is used to allow liquid to flow from the second liquid bath 132 to the first liquid bath 131, and to prevent liquid from flowing from the first liquid bath 131 to the second liquid bath 132, ensuring the normal operation of the liquid bath system. It is understood that the circulating infusion pipeline 1330 mentioned in this application may consist of an infusion tube and an infusion pump, which will not be described in detail here.

[0091] It is worth noting that, in order to achieve automatic control of the hydrogen purification and storage device 10, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen purification and storage device 10 of this application may further include a purification control unit 14, which is used to control the hydrogen purification and storage unit 12 and the circulating liquid bath unit 13 to perform corresponding operations based on the information collected by the flow sensor 242, the pressure sensor 243 and the temperature sensor 244. This application will not elaborate further on this.

[0092] It is worth mentioning that, according to another aspect of this application, such as Figure 8 As shown, one embodiment of this application further provides a pressure-regulated hydrogen storage method, which may include the following steps:

[0093] S110: When the hydrogen loading load requires the injection of high-pressure hydrogen, control the temperature-controlled liquid delivery tank to circulate and deliver warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath, so that the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material can release high-pressure hydrogen under the temperature bath.

[0094] S120: When the hydrogen storage capacity of the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group is lower than the predetermined hydrogen replenishment threshold, determine whether the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material is in a hydrogen absorption saturation state.

[0095] S130: In response to the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group not being in a hydrogen absorption saturation state, control the temperature-regulating infusion tank to circulate cold liquid to the first temperature-regulating bath, so that the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group can absorb low-pressure hydrogen under cold bath conditions; and

[0096] S140: In response to the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group being in a hydrogen absorption saturation state or having completed hydrogen absorption again, control the temperature regulating liquid delivery tank to circulate hot liquid to the first temperature regulating bath, so that the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group releases high-pressure hydrogen under the hot bath to replenish hydrogen to the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group.

[0097] It is worth noting that, such as Figure 8 As shown, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method of this application may further include the following steps after step S140:

[0098] S150: When the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is lower than the predetermined hydrogen supply threshold, repeat steps S130 and S140. In this way, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method of this application can provide more high-pressure hydrogen, avoiding the need for the second pressure-regulating tank group to repeat steps S110 to S140 only after hydrogen release, thus eliminating the waiting time during operation when there is no hydrogen output. This allows for continuous high-pressure hydrogen supply to the hydrogen loading load 3 for a longer period, improving actual operating efficiency.

[0099] Optionally, the predetermined hydrogen replenishment threshold may, but is not limited to, be implemented as 50% of the hydrogen storage capacity of the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group; the predetermined hydrogen supply threshold may, but is not limited to, be implemented as 5% of the hydrogen storage capacity of the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group. It is understood that the hydrogen storage capacity mentioned in this application refers to the amount of hydrogen stored when the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is in a hydrogen absorption saturation state (i.e., the maximum hydrogen storage capacity of the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group); the hydrogen storage reserve mentioned in this application refers to the amount of hydrogen stored when the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is not in a hydrogen absorption saturation state (i.e., the real-time hydrogen storage capacity of the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group).

[0100] For example, in the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method of this application: when the user end (i.e., the hydrogen refueling load) generates a demand for high-pressure hydrogen, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method of this application preferentially uses the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group to release hydrogen, that is, closes the inlet valve corresponding to the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group and opens the outlet valve corresponding to the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group; at the same time, controls the temperature-regulating infusion tank to circulate and deliver warm liquid to the second temperature-regulating bath, so that the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group releases high-pressure hydrogen under the temperature bath, so as to inject high-pressure hydrogen into the hydrogen refueling load.

[0101] Next, when the hydrogen storage capacity of the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group is less than 50%, the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group is started to enter the pressurization and hydrogen replenishment process. At this time, since the hydrogen storage capacity of the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group can still meet the filling requirements of the hydrogen load, this application first determines whether the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group is in a hydrogen absorption saturation state, and then performs the corresponding steps based on the determination result.

[0102] Specifically, if the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is not saturated with hydrogen, this application obtains low-pressure hydrogen from the purified hydrogen storage device 10 to fill the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group; at this time, the temperature-regulating infusion tank is controlled to circulate cold liquid to the first temperature-regulating bath to cool the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, so that the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group absorbs low-pressure hydrogen under the cold bath.

[0103] If the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is in a state of hydrogen absorption saturation or has completed hydrogen absorption again, the temperature-regulating infusion tank is controlled to circulate hot liquid to the first temperature-regulating bath to heat the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, so that the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group releases high-pressure hydrogen gas under the hot bath. In this way, after the temperature of the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group stabilizes, the gas inlet valve corresponding to the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is opened to use the high-pressure hydrogen gas released by the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group to replenish hydrogen in the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, so as to continuously inject high-pressure hydrogen gas into the hydrogen loading load through the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group.

[0104] Finally, if the hydrogen storage capacity of the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is less than 5%, the hydrogen absorption and release of the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group will be repeated to provide more high-pressure hydrogen.

[0105] It is worth noting that, since the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is usually composed of multiple hydrogen storage tanks arranged in parallel, each of which can have a unique and unchanging number, and the pressure sensor, flow sensor, inlet valve, and outlet valve corresponding to each hydrogen storage tank can be independently grouped and controlled, the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method of this application can open the outlet valves corresponding to several hydrogen storage tanks to release high-pressure hydrogen according to the flow demand of the user end; and when the hydrogen storage capacity of a certain hydrogen storage tank is close to the capacity corresponding to the hydrogen supply pressure, the outlet valve corresponding to that hydrogen storage tank is closed, and the outlet valve corresponding to another hydrogen storage tank is opened.

[0106] Furthermore, for ease of classification and control, this application marks hydrogen storage tanks that can no longer release hydrogen under hydrogen supply pressure as empty tanks, hydrogen storage tanks that can still release hydrogen under hydrogen supply pressure and have been used (i.e., can release hydrogen under hydrogen supply pressure but are not saturated with hydrogen) as partially used tanks, and hydrogen storage tanks that are saturated with hydrogen under hydrogen supply pressure as full tanks. It is understood that the term "empty tank" in this application only refers to a hydrogen storage tank that can no longer release hydrogen under hydrogen supply pressure, and does not mean that the hydrogen storage material inside the tank has completely released hydrogen; the term "full tank" in this application refers to a hydrogen storage tank that has been filled with hydrogen with the inlet valve open and without flow restriction until the hydrogen pressure no longer changes within ten minutes, at which point the hydrogen storage tank is considered saturated with hydrogen.

[0107] According to the above embodiments of this application, in the hydrogen pressure regulating storage method of this application, the status of all hydrogen storage tanks in the second hydrogen pressure regulating storage tank group is detected in real time, and an insufficient capacity alarm is issued when more than 80% of the hydrogen storage tanks are empty, so as to remind people to replenish / charge hydrogen in time.

[0108] Preferably, the hydrogen filling priority of empty tanks is higher than that of partially used tanks; that is, after the user completes the refueling, this application prioritizes filling empty tanks with hydrogen before filling partially used tanks with hydrogen, so as to store more high-pressure hydrogen as soon as possible and prepare for the next refueling.

[0109] Optionally, according to the above embodiments of this application, such as Figure 8 As shown, this pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method may further include the following steps:

[0110] S160: When the hydrogen loading is completed, control the temperature-controlled infusion tank to circulate warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath, so that the empty tanks and partially used tanks in the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group absorb high-pressure hydrogen in the warm bath; and repeat the above steps S120 to S150 until the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is in a hydrogen absorption saturation state.

[0111] It is worth noting that, like the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group of this application also has multiple hydrogen storage tanks. Therefore, the hydrogen replenishment control method for the multiple hydrogen storage tanks in the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group of this application is the same as the hydrogen replenishment control method for the multiple hydrogen storage tanks in the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group. Both can be classified and controlled by marking full tank, empty tank, and partially used tank. This application will not elaborate further on this.

[0112] According to another aspect of this application, such as Figure 9 As shown, one embodiment of this application further provides a method for purifying and storing hydrogen, which may include the steps of:

[0113] S210: Control the circulating infusion tank to circulate and deliver liquid with a predetermined temperature to the second and first overflow chambers, which are connected in series along the infusion direction in the circulating infusion pipeline.

[0114] S220: When hydrogen loading requires hydrogen refueling, the hydrogen storage tank assembly filled with the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material is controlled to release hydrogen under a liquid bath provided by the second liquid bath; and

[0115] S230: When the hydrogen loading is completed, control the hydrogen purification tank group filled with the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen under the liquid bath provided by the first liquid bath, and control the hydrogen storage tank group to absorb the hydrogen released by the hydrogen purification tank group under the liquid bath provided by the second liquid bath.

[0116] It is worth noting that although the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank group releases heat to heat the liquid flowing through the second liquid bath when absorbing hydrogen, the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen purification tank absorbs heat to cool the liquid heated by the hydrogen storage tank group when releasing hydrogen, so that the liquid bath system as a whole does not have a thermal effect, which helps to save energy.

[0117] In addition, such as Figure 9 As shown, the hydrogen purification and storage method of this application may further include the following steps:

[0118] S240: While the hydrogen storage tank group releases hydrogen, the hydrogen purification tank group is controlled to absorb hydrogen from the hydrogen pipeline in a liquid bath provided by the first liquid bath. Thus, although the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank group absorbs heat to cool the liquid flowing through the second liquid bath when releasing hydrogen, the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen purification tank releases heat to heat the liquid cooled by the hydrogen storage tank group when absorbing hydrogen. This ensures that the liquid bath system as a whole does not experience a thermal effect, contributing to energy conservation.

[0119] Optionally, the predetermined temperature mentioned in this application may be implemented as room temperature, i.e., 20 °C, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the entire system.

[0120] It is worth noting that, similar to the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, the hydrogen storage tank group of this application also has multiple hydrogen storage tanks. Therefore, the hydrogen replenishment control method for the multiple hydrogen storage tanks in the hydrogen storage tank group of this application is the same as that for the multiple hydrogen storage tanks in the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, both of which can be classified and controlled by marking full tanks, empty tanks, and partially used tanks. This application will not elaborate further on this. However, since the accuracy of the hydrogen storage balance in each hydrogen storage tank directly determines the control reliability of the entire hydrogen transportation system, in order to improve the control reliability of the hydrogen storage system, such as Figure 10 As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a method for estimating hydrogen storage capacity, which may include the following steps:

[0121] S310: The pressure, temperature and flow of the hydrogen storage tank are collected in real time through pressure sensor, temperature sensor and flow sensor respectively, so as to obtain tank pressure data, tank temperature data and hydrogen delivery flow data.

[0122] S320: Based on the pressure and temperature data inside the tank, the observed hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at each moment is calculated using the PCT curve model.

[0123] S330: Based on the hydrogen flow rate data, the flow rate error value of the hydrogen storage tank at each moment is calculated using a flow rate error model; and

[0124] S340: The observed hydrogen storage capacity and the flow error value are iteratively calculated using the linear Kalman filter method to obtain the estimated hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0125] It is worth noting that, such as Figure 11 As shown, step S340 of the hydrogen storage balance estimation method of this application may include the following steps:

[0126] S341: Based on the estimated hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the previous moment and the flow error value of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment, the predicted hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment is calculated by the state prediction model.

[0127] S342: Based on the flow meter noise covariance matrix and the covariance update matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the previous moment, the covariance prediction matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment is calculated through the covariance prediction model.

[0128] S343: Based on the PCT noise covariance matrix and the covariance prediction matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time, the Kalman gain of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time is calculated using the Kalman gain model.

[0129] S344: Based on the observed hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment, the Kalman gain, and the predicted hydrogen storage capacity, the estimated hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment is calculated using the state estimation model; and

[0130] S345: Based on the covariance prediction matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment and the Kalman gain, calculate the covariance update matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment through the covariance update model.

[0131] Optionally, the state prediction model of this application may be implemented, but is not limited to, as the following equation (1):

[0132] (1)

[0133] In the formula: This represents the state prediction matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t. and These represent the predicted remaining hydrogen storage capacity and the measured flow rate of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t, respectively. This represents the state estimation matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the previous time t-1. and These represent the estimated remaining hydrogen storage capacity and the measured flow rate of the hydrogen storage tank at the previous moment, respectively. This represents the flow rate error value of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment; A and B represent the state transition matrix and control matrix, respectively. It is understood that the state transition matrix A mentioned in this application can, but is not limited to, be implemented as... The control matrix B mentioned in this application can, but is not limited to, be implemented as... .

[0134] Optionally, the covariance prediction model of this application may be implemented, but is not limited to, as the following equation (2):

[0135] (2)

[0136] In the formula: This represents the covariance prediction matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t; Let represent the covariance update matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the previous time t-1; A and Q represent the state transition matrix and the flowmeter noise covariance matrix, respectively. It is understood that the flowmeter noise covariance matrix Q mentioned in this application can, but is not limited to, be implemented as... .

[0137] Optionally, the Kalman gain model of this application may be implemented, but is not limited to, as the following equation (3):

[0138] (3)

[0139] In the formula: This represents the Kalman gain of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t; Let H represent the covariance prediction matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t; H and R represent the observation equation matrix and the PCT noise covariance matrix, respectively. It is understood that the observation equation matrix H mentioned in this application can, but is not limited to, be implemented as... The PCT noise covariance matrix R mentioned in this application may, but is not limited to, be implemented as R=1.

[0140] Optionally, the state estimation model of this application may be implemented, but is not limited to, as the following equation (4):

[0141] (4)

[0142] In the formula: This represents the state estimation matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t. and These represent the estimated remaining hydrogen storage capacity and the measured flow rate of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t, respectively. This represents the state prediction matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t; This indicates the observed remaining hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment; H represents the Kalman gain of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t; H represents the observation equation matrix.

[0143] Optionally, the covariance update model of this application may be implemented, but is not limited to, as the following equation (5):

[0144] (5)

[0145] In the formula: and Let represent the covariance estimation matrix and covariance prediction matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t, respectively. H represents the Kalman gain of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t; H represents the observation equation matrix.

[0146] It is worth noting that at the initial time t=1, since the linear Kalman filter method did not calculate in the previous time, the state observation matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the initial time can be obtained. Defined as the state estimation matrix of the hydrogen storage tank at the previous moment. ,Right now In the formula, and This indicates the observed hydrogen storage capacity and flow rate of the hydrogen storage tank at the initial moment.

[0147] Optionally, the PCT curve model of this application may be implemented, but is not limited to, as the following equations (6) and (7):

[0148] (6)

[0149] (7)

[0150] In the formula: C t This represents the percentage of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t, which is the ratio between the observed remaining hydrogen storage in the tank at the current time t and the total mass of the hydrogen storage material; P and T represent the internal pressure and internal temperature of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t, respectively; a and b represent temperature coefficients. This indicates the total mass of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank; This represents the observed hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t, which is obtained through the PCT curve at the current time t. It is understood that the temperature coefficients a and b are constant at the same temperature T, i.e., a(T) and b(T) are constant. Furthermore, due to measurement errors in the pressure and temperature sensors, and systematic errors in the aforementioned PCT curve model, the observed hydrogen storage capacity calculated using this PCT curve model contains errors and cannot accurately represent the true hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0151] Optionally, the flow error model of this application may be implemented, but is not limited to, as the following equation (8):

[0152] (8)

[0153] In the formula: E t This represents the flow rate error value of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t; F t and F t-1 These represent the flow rate measurements of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t and the previous time t-1, respectively.

[0154] It is worth mentioning that, in order to demonstrate the features and advantages of the composite hydrogen transport system 1 of this application, the following comparative discussion is conducted using simulation tests of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.

[0155] Example 1: A simulation test was conducted using the composite hydrogen transport system described in the above embodiments of this application as an example. The composite hydrogen transport system mainly includes a hydrogen purification and storage device and a pressure regulating and storage device.

[0156] In this embodiment 1, the purification tank of the hydrogen purification tank group in the hydrogen purification and storage device is filled with Ti. 0.95 Zr 0.05 Mn 0.9 Cr 0.9 V 0.2 The alloy exhibits a hydrogen absorption plateau pressure of 2.04 MPa at 20°C and a hydrogen release plateau pressure of 1.68 MPa at 20°C. The hydrogen storage tanks in the hydrogen storage and release tank assembly of the purified hydrogen storage device are filled with Ti. 0.85 Zr 0.17 Cr 0.9 Mn 0.2 Fe 0.8 V 0.1 The alloy exhibits a hydrogen absorption plateau pressure of 2.99 MPa at 20°C and a hydrogen desorption plateau pressure of 2.71 MPa at 20°C. Furthermore, this Ti… 0.85 Zr 0.17 Cr 0.9 Mn 0.2 Fe 0.8 V 0.1 The PCT curve of the alloy at 20℃ is as follows Figure 7 As shown, the percentage of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank in the PCT curve model. ,in The hydrogen storage tank of the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group in the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device is filled with La. 0.25 Ce 0.55 Ca 0.2 Ni 4.5 Co 0.5 The alloy has a hydrogen absorption plateau pressure of 3.10 MPa at 20°C and a hydrogen release plateau pressure of 10.68 MPa at 90°C; the hydrogen storage tank of the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group in the pressure regulating hydrogen storage device is filled with Ti. 0.95 Zr 0.07 Cr 1.3 Mn 0.3 Fe 0.4 The alloy has a hydrogen absorption plateau pressure of 7.54 MPa at 20°C and a hydrogen release plateau pressure of 7.18 MPa at 20°C.

[0157] For example, taking a purified hydrogen storage device as an example: the purified hydrogen storage device has a total of fifty hydrogen storage tanks, each filled with 400 kg of Ti. 0.85 Zr 0.17 Cr 0.9 Mn 0.2 Fe 0.8 V 0.1 Alloy; according to the Ti 0.85 Zr 0.17 Cr 0.9 Mn 0.2 Fe 0.8 V 0.1 The PCT curve of the alloy shows the hydrogen storage capacity of each hydrogen storage tank. That is, when the platform pressure is between 2 MPa and 6 MPa, the hydrogen storage capacity of each hydrogen storage tank is 3.6 kg H2; and the total hydrogen capacity of the hydrogen storage unit in this purified hydrogen storage device is... .

[0158] At this point, the hydrogen release flow rate is set to 1 g / s, and the calculation time step is... The reading error of the flow sensor is 1 second (i.e., the time interval between the current moment and the previous moment is 1 second). The error of the observed hydrogen storage balance obtained by the PCT curve method is ±0.1 g / s, and the error is ±1 g.

[0159] Under constant current hydrogen desorption conditions, we have: ; In the formula, and These are the observed hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t and the previous time t-1, respectively. and These are the flow rate measurements of the hydrogen storage tank at the current time t and the previous time t-1, respectively.

[0160] Based on the state equation of the linear Kalman filter method and observation equations The state matrix Therefore, we can conclude that: , , .

[0161] Furthermore, based on the reading error of the flow sensor and the observation error of the PCT curve method, it is easy to know that the flow meter noise covariance matrix... The PCT noise covariance matrix R=1. Iterative calculation is performed according to the following formula:

[0162] ;

[0163] ;

[0164] ;

[0165] ;

[0166] .

[0167] In summary, a constant-flow hydrogen release sequence is generated by selecting a certain calculation time. Then, Gaussian noise is added to generate noisy hydrogen storage margin observation values ​​*m* obtained from the PCT curve method within the measurement time. Finally, the error value of the flow sensor at each moment is generated. Next, based on the initial values ​​of the state equation X (hydrogen release of 1g, flow rate of 1g / s), the observation equation H, the state transition matrix A, and the control matrix B, and using the noise covariance matrices Q and R given by the measurement error, a cyclic iteration is performed. Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the actual constant-flow hydrogen discharge balance and the estimated hydrogen storage balance are plotted on a graph to obtain the error variance E1 = 0.4883 of the KF method.

[0168] Comparative Example 1: Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 1 measures the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of a single hydrogen storage tank using the PCT curve method.

[0169] In this comparative example 1, Ti 0.85 Zr 0.17 Cr 0.9 Mn 0.2 Fe 0.8 V 0.1 Hydrogen storage mass percentage of the material under conditions of 20°C and pressure between 3 MPa and 6 MPa ,in The observed hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank can then be obtained using the PCT curve method. .like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the observed hydrogen storage balance is plotted on a graph to obtain the error variance E2 = 0.9582 of the PCT curve method.

[0170] Comparative Example 2: Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 2 measures the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of a single hydrogen storage tank using the flow integral method.

[0171] In this Comparative Example 2, the hydrogen release rate of a single hydrogen storage tank satisfies the following relationship: ; and then utilize Calculate the measured value of the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. For example... Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the observed hydrogen storage balance is plotted on a graph to obtain the error variance E3 = 13.3181 for the flow integral method.

[0172] In summary, as Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the error variance of the KF method is E1 = 0.4883; the error variance of the PCT curve method is E2 = 0.9582; and the error variance of the flow integral method is E3 = 13.3181. In other words, the KF method can effectively reduce the error of the PCT curve method estimate by approximately 50%. The flow integral method has excellent estimation accuracy when the time is short, but as the number of calculation steps increases, the integration operation causes the flow meter reading error to accumulate, resulting in a significant deviation between the estimated hydrogen release and the actual value.

[0173] Calculations show that, for the constant flow process of hydrogen storage tank from saturation to complete hydrogen release, the flow rate integral method predicts 3592.47g at 3600 s, meaning the prediction error for the end of hydrogen release is approximately 7.5 s. Since the PCT curve method has a hydrogen release error of ±1g, the prediction error for the end of hydrogen release in actual hydrogen storage tanks is approximately 1 s. The KF method, however, can effectively reduce the prediction error for the end of hydrogen release to approximately 0.5 s, increasing the accuracy of estimating the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of the tank and making the judgment of the termination time more accurate. This facilitates precise control of the hydrogen delivery system, and in particular, provides an effective means to achieve stable hydrogen flow at the output end.

[0174] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0175] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device, characterized in that, include: Hydrogen transportation pipeline; A pressure-regulating hydrogen storage unit, comprising a first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with a first metal hydride hydrogen storage material and a second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with a second metal hydride hydrogen storage material, wherein the first and second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank groups are sequentially connected in series along the hydrogen transport direction in the hydrogen transport pipeline, and the plateau pressure of the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material at room temperature is less than the plateau pressure of the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material at room temperature; and The temperature-controlled liquid bath unit includes a first temperature-controlled bath housing the first pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group, a second temperature-controlled bath housing the second pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group, and a temperature-controlled infusion tank that is circulatedly connected to the first temperature-controlled bath and the second temperature-controlled bath respectively. The temperature-controlled infusion tank is used to circulate cold or hot liquid to the first temperature-controlled bath so that the first pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group absorbs or releases hydrogen under cold or hot bath conditions, and to circulate warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath so that the second pressure-regulated hydrogen storage tank group absorbs or releases hydrogen under warm bath conditions.

2. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first metal hydride hydrogen storage material is a rare earth-based hydrogen storage material with a plateau pressure between 2 MPa and 4 MPa at room temperature; the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material is a titanium-based Laves phase hydrogen storage material with a plateau pressure between 7 MPa and 10 MPa at room temperature.

3. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first metal hydride hydrogen storage material is La 0.25 Ce 0.55 Ca 0.2 Ni 4.5 Co 0.5 Alloy; the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material is Ti 0.95 Zr 0.07 Cr 1.3 Mn 0.3 Fe 0.4 alloy.

4. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group includes multiple hydrogen storage tanks and multiple porous tubes installed in the hydrogen storage tanks in a one-to-one correspondence; the multiple hydrogen storage tanks are installed in parallel in the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the porous tubes extend from the gas inlet of the hydrogen storage tank to the gas outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material is filled between the hydrogen storage tank and the porous tube.

5. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The porous tube has a connecting end that connects to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank and a free end that is adjacent to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, so as to leave a buffer space between the free end of the porous tube and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank.

6. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydrogen transmission pipeline includes a series main pipe, parallel branch pipes, an inlet valve, and an outlet valve; one end of each parallel branch pipe is connected to the inlet or outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the other end of each parallel branch pipe is connected to the series main pipe; the inlet valve is installed on the parallel branch pipe connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet valve is installed on the parallel branch pipe connected to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank.

7. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrogen transmission pipeline further includes a one-way gas valve installed in the main series pipe. The one-way gas valve is located in the pipeline between the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group and the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, and is used to allow hydrogen to flow from the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group to the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group, and to prevent hydrogen from flowing from the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group to the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group.

8. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device further includes a pressure-regulating control unit, which includes a controller controllably connected to the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage unit and the temperature-regulating liquid bath unit, a flow sensor installed on the parallel branch pipe, a pressure sensor installed on the hydrogen storage tank, and a temperature sensor installed on the hydrogen storage tank. The controller is communicatively connected to the flow sensor, the pressure sensor, and the temperature sensor, and is used to control the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage unit and the temperature-regulating liquid bath unit to perform corresponding operations based on information collected via the flow sensor, the pressure sensor, and the temperature sensor.

9. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The controller includes a pressure regulating tank controller and a liquid bath controller; the pressure regulating tank controller is communicatively connected to the flow sensor and the pressure sensor, and is controllably connected to the inlet valve and the outlet valve for independently grouping and controlling the opening and closing of the inlet valve and the outlet valve; the liquid bath controller is communicatively connected to the temperature sensor, and is controllably connected to the temperature-controlled infusion tank for controlling the temperature-controlled infusion tank to circulate and deliver the corresponding liquid to the first temperature-controlled bathroom and / or the second temperature-controlled bathroom respectively.

10. A composite hydrogen transport system, characterized in that, include: A hydrogen purification and storage device for connection to a hydrogen transportation pipeline; and The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pressure-regulating hydrogen storage device is connected to the purified hydrogen storage device and is used to regulate the pressure of hydrogen from the purified hydrogen storage device so as to add the pressure-regulated hydrogen to the hydrogen loading load.

11. A method for regulating hydrogen storage, characterized in that, For use in the composite hydrogen transport system as described in claim 10, the steps include: S110: When the hydrogen loading load requires the injection of high-pressure hydrogen, control the temperature-controlled liquid delivery tank to circulate and deliver warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath, so that the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with the second metal hydride hydrogen storage material can release high-pressure hydrogen under the temperature bath. S120: When the hydrogen storage capacity of the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group is lower than the predetermined hydrogen replenishment threshold, determine whether the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group filled with the first metal hydride hydrogen storage material is in a hydrogen absorption saturation state. S130: In response to the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group not being in a hydrogen absorption saturation state, control the temperature-regulating infusion tank to circulate cold liquid to the first temperature-regulating bath, so that the first pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group can absorb low-pressure hydrogen under cold bath conditions; and S140: In response to the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group being in a hydrogen absorption saturation state or having completed hydrogen absorption again, control the temperature regulating liquid delivery tank to circulate hot liquid to the first temperature regulating bath, so that the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group releases high-pressure hydrogen under the hot bath to replenish hydrogen to the second pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group.

12. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method further includes the following steps: S150: When the hydrogen storage capacity of the first pressure regulating hydrogen storage tank group is lower than the predetermined hydrogen supply threshold, repeat steps S130 and S140.

13. The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The pressure-regulating hydrogen storage method further includes the following steps: S160: When the hydrogen loading is completed, control the temperature-controlled infusion tank to circulate warm liquid to the second temperature-controlled bath, so that the empty tanks and partially used tanks in the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group absorb high-pressure hydrogen in the warm bath, and repeat steps S120 to S150 until the second pressure-regulating hydrogen storage tank group is in a hydrogen absorption saturation state.

Images