A high-temperature and high-pressure large model displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly

Abstract

The application discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure large model displacement experiment device based on differential pressure sealing and easy to disassemble and assemble, which mainly comprises a high-pressure cylinder, a cover plate, a flat plate model, a sound wave emitting and receiving device, a high-pressure resistant pipeline and a circulating heating system, wherein the flat plate model is sealed by rubber and an electrode is embedded on the rubber; the sound wave emitting device can emit sound waves through the electrode to pass through the rock plate and finally be received by the sound wave receiving device; the oil-water distribution in the rock plate is analyzed through the sound wave time difference; the electric wire and the signal wire of the sound wave emitting and receiving device are connected with the outside through the high-pressure resistant pipeline filled with low-temperature and high-pressure liquid; the cover plate is connected with a forklift; the motor drives the bearing to freely rotate the flat plate model; and the forklift can make the disassembly and assembly more convenient. The rock plate sealing effect is better through the differential pressure sealing, the obtained result is accurate, and the high-pressure resistant pipeline protects the electric wire and the signal wire from being damaged due to the high temperature and high pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploration and development, and is a high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on pressure differential sealing and easy disassembly. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most indoor experiments in the oil and gas field involve plunger cores and sand-filled model simulations. For highly heterogeneous oil and gas reservoirs, ordinary plunger cores and full-diameter cores cannot simulate the dynamic characteristics of real oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, artificial slab models or natural cores are needed for simulation experiments. Flat plate model core holders can be used to simulate reservoir heterogeneity, injection and production in different well patterns, and high-pressure displacement in low-permeability reservoirs. However, some challenges still exist that lead to inaccurate results: First, because flat plate models are larger than ordinary cores, installing the core holder is often time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring large mechanical equipment for hoisting. Furthermore, the larger the model, the lower its pressure resistance. For example, patent CN201555791U (a multi-layer flat plate model core holder) can withstand a temperature of 100℃ and a pressure of 25MPa, but it cannot simulate the formation temperature and pressure conditions of high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure oil and gas reservoirs. Second, the rock slab is fixed to the core holder only by the cover plate, with no internal pressure points. Adding a track for fixation is necessary. Currently, the detection system relies on horizontal and vertical slide rails and a motor to drive the detector in a zigzag pattern to scan the entire rock slab (patent CN11). 2816394A, a high-temperature and high-pressure flat plate model oil-gas-water three-phase saturation testing device and method), but under the high temperature and high pressure conditions inside the cylinder, the signal line and wire are easily damaged by the high temperature and high pressure of the internal hydraulic oil, which is quite dangerous. Moreover, the scanning time is long and cannot accurately reflect the internal fluid distribution of the complete rock plate at a certain moment. Third, the existing flat plate model principle often requires contact with the rock plate. For example, in acoustic wave detection, there are electrodes on the top and bottom of the rock plate for signal transmission and reception, which reduces the sealing effect on the rock plate. Patent CN112255253 (high temperature and high pressure large-scale oil-water displacement dynamic X-ray scanning experimental device) uses helium as the confining pressure and pressurization medium and fastens the flat rock core with threads. However, the gas pressurization is difficult to control and the pressure is unstable. In addition, the sealant coated on the top and bottom of the rock core may fail under high temperature and high pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-temperature, high-pressure, large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly. This device is simple in principle, convenient to operate, and accurate in measurement. It can simulate the development of highly heterogeneous oil and gas reservoirs and simulate the real underground conditions of oil and gas reservoir development, such as injection-production well network deployment, which cannot be simulated by ordinary core samples. To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A high-temperature, high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly mainly consists of a high-pressure cylinder, a flat plate model, an acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device, a circulating heating system, and high-pressure resistant pipelines. The high-pressure cylinder has cover plates on both sides, which are threadedly connected to the cylinder. Sealing rings are installed on the cover plates to prevent leakage of liquid inside the cylinder. The cover plates are divided into an outlet cover plate and an inlet cover plate. A steel ring is fixed to the inlet cover plate, and a support plate on the steel ring secures the flat plate model. A support block is provided at the outlet cover plate to ensure uniform force distribution and stable installation of the flat plate model. A novel forklift is designed, with its extended arm connected to the inlet cover plate. The rest of the forklift is the same as a conventional forklift, including a lifting frame, brake handle, and lifting handle. A bearing is located at the connection between the forklift and the cover plate. A motor drives the bearing to rotate, causing the rock slab connected to the cover plate to rotate. The two cover plates are provided with confining pressure inlets and outlets, and the circulating heating system continuously applies confining pressure to the flat plate model.

[0004] The circulating heating system consists of a motor, a pressure pump, a heating coil, heating pipelines, valves, etc. The pump pressurizes the hydraulic oil, and the heating coil heats the hydraulic oil. Temperature-sensitive elements are installed at both ends of the heating pipelines to reflect the real-time temperature of the hydraulic oil. The circulating heating system continuously injects pressurized and temperature-stable hydraulic oil into the high-pressure cylinder and returns hydraulic oil with changed temperature from inside the cylinder back into the circulating heating system, thus maintaining a constant temperature inside the cylinder. The cover plate has a confining pressure inlet and a confining pressure outlet.

[0005] The flat plate model includes a model cavity, sealing rubber, a rock slab, an inlet, and an outlet. Electrode plates are arranged on the sealing rubber, and the electrode plates are in direct contact with the rock slab. The sealing rubber consists of three layers: a contact layer at the bottom that contacts the rock slab, a pressure-bearing layer at the top, and a partition layer between the two layers. The stiffness of the pressure-bearing layer is greater than that of the contact layer, and the contact area of ​​the partition layer is smaller than that between the contact layer and the pressure-bearing layer, creating a gap between the contact layer and the pressure-bearing layer. The gaps are also provided at the edges of the sealing rubber and around the electrode plates, ensuring that the sealing rubber always adheres to the area to be sealed. The pressure difference enhances the sealing effect, preventing fluid leakage from the rock slab between the electrode plates and the sealing rubber. The cavity of the flat plate model is made of iron plate of the same material as the electrode plates. A pipeline is inserted into the rock slab on the right side of the flat plate model, serving as the inlet, and the outlet is on the left side. The flat plate model is fixed at the bottom by a support plate on a steel ring. A support block on the left side of the flat plate model supports the left rock slab, ensuring even stress distribution.

[0006] The acoustic wave emitting device includes an acoustic wave transmitter, a motor, a guide rail, and pulleys. The pulleys, which are positioned within the guide rails, carry the acoustic wave transmitter and allow for movement. Each acoustic wave transmitter and receiver corresponds to an electrode plate. The pulleys and guide rails allow the acoustic wave transmitter inside the cylinder to be moved outside, facilitating inspection or replacement. The guide rails are connected to a telescopic rod, which consists of an internally threaded rod and an externally threaded rod. The motor drives the externally threaded rod to rotate, allowing the acoustic wave emitting device to move up and down, facilitating the installation of the rock slab.

[0007] Below the flat plate model is a sound wave receiving device, which consists of a sound wave receiver, rollers, and a receiving plate. Several sound wave receivers are installed on the receiving plate, the number of which is the same as the number of electrode plates. Rollers are installed on both sides of the receiving plate. The rollers are embedded in the cylinder and can move the receiving plate out of the cylinder for inspection or replacement of the sound wave receivers.

[0008] The principle of the acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device is based on the acoustic wave logging principle. By comparing the acoustic wave transit time of dry core, saturated water core, saturated gas core, and saturated oil core analyzed before the experiment with the acoustic wave transit time measured during displacement, the saturation status of different locations on the rock plate can be analyzed and converted into a visualized real-time saturation change of the flat core, which can be used to study the laws of experiments such as plane wave efficiency.

[0009] The high-pressure resistant pipeline consists of two layers: an outer layer containing a low-temperature, high-pressure fluid and an inner layer containing electrical wires and signal lines. It utilizes a high-strength, high-pressure rubber-plastic alloy composite pipe, capable of withstanding high pressure and possessing an excellent bending radius. This design avoids the influence of high temperature and pressure inside the clamp, reducing the risk of wire damage. In the experiment, a low-temperature, high-pressure fluid with the same pressure as the confining pressure was injected into the high-pressure resistant pipeline. After the fluid temperature in the pipeline rose, the pressure was slightly reduced to allow the fluid to flow out. Subsequently, the pressure was increased, and a low-temperature fluid was injected into the pipeline to lower its temperature.

[0010] The specific steps of the method for conducting high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experiments using the above-mentioned apparatus are as follows: (1) Sealing and leak detection of the device The prepared flat plate model is installed into the high-pressure cylinder and secured with screws. Then, fluid is continuously injected from the confining pressure inlet using a circulating heating system, while air is expelled from the cylinder through the confining pressure outlet. Once the cylinder is free of air, the confining pressure outlet is connected to the circulating heating system. The confining pressure inside the cylinder is increased to 5 MPa using a confining pressure pump and allowed to stand for 24 hours. If the confining pressure gauge reading remains unchanged, the seal is good. If the confining pressure gauge reading decreases, the entire device is inspected, and any leaks are addressed until the pressure stabilizes. (2) Establishing the temperature and pressure conditions of the original strata The displacement pump gradually increases the internal pressure of the flat plate model, while the back pressure pump continuously pressurizes, ensuring that the back pressure is higher than the outlet pressure and the confining pressure is 5 MPa higher than the inlet pressure. The confining pressure pump continuously injects fluid at a set temperature through a circulating heating system, maintaining the internal temperature of the cylinder at the set temperature. Ultimately, the inlet and outlet pressures are raised to the formation pressure, the temperature remains constant at the formation temperature, and the pressure gauge readings do not change. (3) Establish bound water saturation The formation water in the intermediate container is injected into the slab model using a displacement pump until water exits the outlet. The displacement pump is then turned off and the data is recorded. The entire rock slab is scanned using an acoustic wave transmitter and receiver to ensure that the formation water is evenly distributed in every area of ​​the slab. If it is not evenly distributed, the injection of formation water continues. The valve of the intermediate container for formation water is then closed, and the nitrogen valve is opened to displace the formation water in the rock slab with nitrogen to establish bound water saturation until no more water exits the outlet. The water volume is recorded. (4) Saturated simulated oil The prepared simulated oil was injected into the rock slab from the inlet until oil was discharged from the outlet. The scanning results showed that the simulated oil was evenly distributed. The pumping was then stopped, and the oil discharge and pumping volume were recorded. (5) Water / gas displacement experiment Water / gas-driven oil recovery experiments were conducted under formation temperature and pressure conditions. Gas or water from an intermediate container was injected into a flat plate model at a constant rate using a displacement pump. The inlet and outlet pressures, injection volume, and oil / water output were recorded every 0.02 HCPV injected. Simultaneously, an acoustic transmitter and receiver were activated to obtain the acoustic time-varying variations at various locations at specific moments. The experiment was stopped and data recorded when no oil output was observed and continuous gas or water production began.

[0011] (6) Experimental data processing By organizing, calculating, and analyzing the data transmitted from the signal line to the computer, the patterns of water / gas flooding sweep efficiency and recovery rate were obtained.

[0012] This invention is simple in principle and easy to operate. The acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device is set inside the cylinder, and the flat plate model is connected to the cover plate, making installation convenient. There are high-pressure resistant pipelines inside to isolate the signal line from the confining pressure fluid, making the signal line less prone to damage. The sealing rubber has a better pressure differential sealing effect. It provides a reliable high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device for experiments on sweep efficiency and heterogeneity in oil and gas reservoir displacement development.

[0013] Compared with existing flat plate model core holders, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The inlet cover is connected to the forklift extension arm and can rotate freely using bearings, which facilitates the installation and disassembly of the model; (2) A track is installed inside the cylinder, and a telescopic rod is set above it to extend and retract up and down. After pressurization, the acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device automatically approaches to start detection, which facilitates the installation of the rock plate; (3) The time spent by a single probe scanning back and forth in a zigzag pattern is too long and cannot accurately reflect the internal flow of the rock plate. By setting multiple acoustic wave receiving and transmitting devices, the rock plate can be scanned at the same time, which improves the scanning accuracy; (4) The motor, acoustic wave transmitter and acoustic wave receiver are connected to the outside through high-pressure resistant pipelines. Low-temperature fluid is continuously injected into the pipelines to isolate the high temperature and high pressure environment inside the cylinder, making the signal line and wire less prone to damage and improving safety; (5) The sealing rubber of the flat plate model is improved by setting the sealing rubber as a contact layer, a pressure-bearing layer and a partition layer with different elasticity. The contact area of ​​the partition layer is smaller than that of the contact layer and the pressure-bearing layer, so that there is a pressure difference when pressurizing the edge and the electrode, and the sealing effect is better. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Appendix Figure 1 This is a front view of a high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly. Appendix Figure 2 This is a top view of a high-temperature, high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly. Appendix Figure 3 This is a side view of a high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly. Appendix Figure 4 It is a circulating heating device; Appendix Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Appendix Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Appendix Figure 7 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Appendix Figure 8 This is an experimental method based on a high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device with easy disassembly and assembly of differential pressure sealing; In the diagram: 1—Cover plate, 2—High-pressure cylinder, 3—Bolt, 4—Containment pressure inlet, 5—Injection port, 6—Discharge port, 7—Containment pressure outlet, 8—Forklift, 9—Motor, 10—Bearing, 11—Brake handle, 12—Lifting handle, 13—Steel ring, 14—Plate model injection port, 15—Plate model discharge port, 16—Rock slab, 17—Model cavity, 18—Support plate, 19—Support block, 20—Electrode plate, 21—Pressure-bearing layer, 22—Contact layer, 23—Partition layer, 24—Telescopic rod, 25—Guide rail, 26—Pulley, 27—Acoustic 28—Receiver plate, 29—Sound wave receiver, 30—Roller, 31—High-pressure resistant pipeline, 32—Pressure pump, 33—Valve, 34—Heating coil, 35—Temperature sensitive element, 36—Heating pipeline, 37—Displacement pump, 38—Simulated oil intermediate container, 39—Formation water intermediate container, 40—Gas intermediate container, 41—Valve, 42—Pressure gauge, 43—Confining pressure pump, 44—Circulating heating system, 45—Plate model, 46—Back pressure pump, 47—Nitrogen intermediate container, 48—Back pressure valve, 49—Data collection and processing system. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. For those skilled in the art, any modifications that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and determined by the appended claims are protected.

[0016] As shown in the attached diagram, a high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly mainly consists of a cover plate 1, a high-pressure cylinder 2, a flat rock core 16, and an acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device. The flat rock core 16 is connected to the inlet cover plate 1, which is connected to the high-pressure cylinder by bolts 3. The cover plate has a sealing ring to ensure good sealing. The inlet cover plate has a confining pressure inlet 4, an injection port 5, and an outlet port 6, while the outlet cover plate has only one confining pressure outlet 7. The inlet cover plate is connected to a forklift 8, which has a bearing 10 to rotate the flat rock core and adjust its position. The rest of the forklift is the same as a regular forklift, with a brake handle 11 and a lifting handle 12, which makes installation and disassembly more convenient.

[0017] As attached Figure 4As shown, the flat core plate is sealed with a sealing rubber sheet and an open metal box 17. Electrode plates 20, which are metal sheets, are evenly arranged on the sealing rubber sheet and embedded within it. The metal box is made of the same material as the electrode plates 20. The sealing rubber sheet consists of three layers: a contact layer 22 at the bottom that contacts the core plate, a pressure-bearing layer 21 at the top, and a partition layer 23 between the two layers. The rigidity of the pressure-bearing layer 21 is greater than that of the contact layer 22, and the contact area of ​​the partition layer 23 is smaller than that between the contact layer 22 and the pressure-bearing layer 21, creating a gap between them. The gap is also provided at the edges of the sealing rubber sheet and around the electrode plates 20, ensuring that the sealing rubber sheet remains in close contact with the area to be sealed, thereby improving the sealing effect through pressure difference. A pipeline is inserted into the rock slab on the right side of the flat core, serving as the core injection port 14. The core discharge port 15 is on the left side. The core injection port 14 and discharge port 15 are connected to the injection port 5 and discharge port 6 on the cover plate, respectively. A support block 19 is located on the left side of the flat core, and the right side is connected to the inlet cover plate via a support plate 18 on a steel ring, ensuring stable placement of the flat core. All directional terms used in this text are based on the top view of the experimental setup. When installing the rock slab, a forklift is used to place the slab perpendicular to the ground and slowly lower it into the high-pressure cylinder. Finally, the cylinder is sealed with bolts and nuts.

[0018] The diagram at point B shows a detailed view of the acoustic wave emitting device. This device includes an acoustic wave transmitter 27, a motor 9, a guide rail 25, and pulleys 26. The acoustic wave transmitter 27 is mounted on the pulleys 26, which are positioned within the guide rail 25 to move the transmitter 27. Each transmitter 27 and receiver 29 corresponds to an electrode plate 20. The pulleys 26 and guide rail 25 allow the acoustic wave transmitter 27 to be moved from inside the cylinder to outside, facilitating inspection or replacement. The guide rail 25 is connected to a telescopic rod 24, which consists of an internally threaded rod and an externally threaded rod. The motor 9 drives the externally threaded rod to rotate, allowing the acoustic wave emitting device 27 to move up and down, facilitating the installation of the rock slab.

[0019] like Figure 5 The sound wave receiving device consists of a sound wave receiver 29, rollers 30, and a receiving plate 28. Several sound wave receivers 29 are installed on the receiving plate 28, the number of which is the same as the number of electrode plates 20. Rollers 30 are installed on both sides of the receiving plate 28. The rollers 30 are embedded in the cylinder 2, which can move the receiving plate 28 out of the cylinder for inspection or replacement of the sound wave receivers.

[0020] The high-pressure cylinder 2 has an opening, through which a high-pressure resistant pipeline 31 is connected via a nut. The pipeline is connected to the sound wave emitting device and the sound wave receiving device. The high-pressure resistant pipeline 31 consists of inner and outer pipelines, both of which are made of high-strength, high-pressure rubber-plastic alloy composite pipes. They can withstand high pressure and have a large bending radius. Wires and signal lines can be connected to the outside through the inner pipeline. High-pressure, low-temperature fluid is continuously injected between the inner and outer pipelines to prevent damage to the wires.

[0021] The specific steps of the method for conducting high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experiments using the above-mentioned apparatus are as follows: (1) Making a flat plate model Based on the relevant core data provided from the oilfield, a sand-filling scheme was determined. Small plunger core samples were taken from the prepared sand-filled model to measure rock properties such as permeability and porosity. If the results met experimental requirements, the samples were poured into the model cavity 17, allowed to dry and harden, and then sealed with sealing rubber. A forklift 8 was used to rotate the flat plate model to a vertical position and place it into the cylinder 2. The injection port 5 and outlet port 6, the flat plate model injection port 14 and outlet port 15 were connected, and the cover plate 1 was sealed and secured to the cylinder 2 using bolts 3 and rubber rings. (2) Sealing and leak detection of the device Fluid is continuously injected into the confining pressure inlet 4 using a circulating heating system, while air is discharged from the confining pressure outlet 7. Once there is no air in the cylinder, the confining pressure outlet is connected to the circulating heating system. The confining pressure inside the cylinder is increased to 5 MPa using a confining pressure pump 43. The cylinder is then allowed to stand for 24 hours. If the reading on the confining pressure gauge does not change, the sealing is good. If the reading on the confining pressure gauge decreases, the entire device should be inspected and any leaks addressed until the pressure stabilizes. (3) Establishing the temperature and pressure conditions of the original strata The displacement pump 37 gradually increases the internal pressure of the flat plate model, while the back pressure pump 46 continuously pressurizes, ensuring that the back pressure is higher than the outlet pressure and the confining pressure is 5 MPa higher than the inlet pressure. The confining pressure pump continuously injects fluid at a set temperature through the circulating heating system 44, keeping the temperature inside the cylinder constant at the set temperature. Ultimately, the inlet and outlet pressures are raised to the formation pressure, the temperature remains constant at the formation temperature, and the pressure gauge data does not change. (4) Establish bound water saturation The formation water in intermediate container 39 is injected into the slab model using a displacement pump until water exits the outlet. The displacement pump is then turned off and the data is recorded. The entire rock slab is scanned using an acoustic wave transmitter and receiver to ensure that the formation water is evenly distributed in every area of ​​the rock slab. If it is not evenly distributed, the injection of formation water continues. The valve of the intermediate formation water container is closed, and the nitrogen valve is opened to displace the formation water in the rock slab with nitrogen to establish bound water saturation until no more water exits the outlet. The water volume is recorded. (5) Saturated simulated oil The prepared simulated oil was injected into the rock slab from the inlet until oil was discharged from the outlet. The scanning results showed that the simulated oil was evenly distributed. The pumping was then stopped, and the oil discharge and pumping volume were recorded. (6) Water / gas displacement oil experiment Water / gas flooding experiments were conducted under formation temperature and pressure conditions. Gas or water from intermediate containers (39, 40) was injected into a flat plate model at a constant rate using a displacement pump. Inlet and outlet pressures, water injection volume, and oil / water output were recorded every 0.02 HCPV injected. Simultaneously, an acoustic wave transmitter and receiver scanned the entire rock plate via a guide rail screw, obtaining the acoustic transit time variations at various locations. The experiment was stopped and data recorded when no oil was discharged and continuous gas or water began to emerge. (7) Experimental data processing By organizing, calculating, and analyzing the data transmitted from the signal line to the computer, the patterns of water / gas flooding sweep efficiency and recovery rate were obtained.

Claims

1. A high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly, comprising a cover plate (1), a high-pressure cylinder (2), a flat plate model, an acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device, a circulating heating system, a high-pressure resistant pipeline (31), a displacement pump (37), a confining pressure pump (43), a back pressure pump (46), an intermediate container, and a back pressure valve (48), characterized in that; The cover plate (1) is connected to the high-pressure cylinder (2) by threads. A sealing ring is installed on the cover plate (1). A steel ring (13) is fixed on the inlet cover plate. A support plate (18) is on the steel ring (13) to fix the flat plate model. A support block (19) is set at the outlet cover plate. The forklift (8) extends its arm and connects to the inlet cover plate. The rest of the parts are the same as those of a conventional forklift, including a lifting handle (12) and a brake handle (11). There is a bearing (10) at the connection between the forklift and the cover plate (1). The two covers are provided with a confining pressure inlet (4) and an outlet (7). The flat plate model is continuously heated by a circulating heating system. The model is subjected to confining pressure; the circulating heating system consists of a motor (9), a pressurizing pump (32), a heating coil (34), a heating pipeline (36), and a valve (33). The pressurizing pump (32) pressurizes the fluid in the heating pipeline (36). The heating pipeline (36) is surrounded by a heating coil (34), and both ends are temperature-sensitive elements (35). The flat plate model includes a model cavity (17), a sealing rubber, a rock slab (16), an injection port (5), and an outlet (6). Electrode plates (20) are arranged on the sealing rubber. The sealing rubber is divided into three layers, with the bottom layer connected to the rock slab (16). The contact layer (22) is in contact with the upper part, the pressure-bearing layer (21) is on top, and the partition layer (23) is between the two layers; the stiffness of the pressure-bearing layer (21) is greater than that of the contact layer (22), and the contact area of ​​the partition layer (23) is smaller than that of the contact layer (22) and the pressure-bearing layer (21), so that a gap is formed between the contact layer (22) and the pressure-bearing layer (21); the gap is provided at the edge of the sealing rubber and around the electrode plate (20), so that the sealing rubber is always in contact with the part to be sealed, and the sealing is achieved by pressure difference under the action of confining pressure; the acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device includes The system includes a sound wave transmitter (27), a sound wave receiver (29), a guide rail (25), a pulley (26), and a receiving plate (28). The sound wave transmitter (27) is mounted on the pulley (26), which is embedded in the guide rail (25). The sound wave receiver (29) is on the receiving plate (28), which has rollers (30) at both ends and can move to the outside of the cylinder along the track inside the cylinder. The high-pressure resistant pipeline (31) is divided into two layers: the outer layer contains low-temperature high-pressure fluid, and the inner layer contains wires and signal lines. High-strength and high-pressure rubber-plastic alloy composite pipe is used as the pipeline.

2. The high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cover plate (1) is connected to the forklift (8) and can rotate by bearing (10), making it easy to install and disassemble.

3. The high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device has multiple acoustic wave transmitters (27) and acoustic wave receivers (29) corresponding to the electrode plates (20). The acoustic wave transmitters and receivers are installed in the guide rails (25) and the receiving plate (28) and do not contact the flat plate model. If there is any damage, the acoustic wave transmitters and receivers can be taken out for repair by relying on the rails on the cylinder.

4. The high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic wave transmitter and receiver correspond to the electrode plate (20), which can detect the internal flow of the entire rock slab at a certain moment.

5. The high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure resistant pipeline (31) is divided into inner and outer layers. The outer layer contains low-temperature high-pressure fluid, and the inner layer contains wires and signal lines. It uses a high-strength and high-pressure rubber-plastic alloy composite pipe as the pipeline, which can withstand high pressure and has an excellent bending radius. It avoids the influence of high temperature and high pressure inside the clamp and reduces the risk of wire damage.

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