A method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves based on the scattered wave field series method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves based on the scattered wave field series method, comprising the following steps performed in sequence: S1, analysis of the source of interlayer multiple waves; S2, data preparation; S3, prediction of the multiple wave model; S4, adaptive subtraction; S5, recovery of pre-stack gathers, and then superposition. The method provided by the present invention is completely data-driven for suppressing interlayer multiple waves, does not require manual intervention, does not require much prior information, and can better meet the requirements of suppressing interlayer multiple waves in complex structural areas, and can predict all interlayer multiple waves at once. By using this method, suppressing interlayer multiple waves can improve the imaging of large-set stratum interfaces of data, enhance lateral traceability, improve the imaging quality of data, and be more conducive to subsequent data interpretation. The present invention belongs to the field of petroleum exploration technology and can better meet the requirements of suppressing interlayer multiple waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploration, and relates to a method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves in seismic data, in particular to an interlayer multiple wave suppression method based on a scattered wave field series method. Background Art

[0002] Seismic data in certain areas of northwest my country is affected by strong coal seams, resulting in a high concentration of multiple waves. The superposition of multiple waves and primary waves in seismic data can severely distort the phase, amplitude, and frequency of the reflected waves, significantly impacting the authenticity and reliability of seismic imaging and severely affecting data quality. Furthermore, since multiple waves are difficult to identify, suppressing them is even more challenging. For many years, the multiple wave problem has been a major challenge in seismic data processing.

[0003] Current industrial methods rely on time and velocity differences between multiples and primary waves to suppress multiples. While these methods can effectively attenuate multiples when certain assumptions are met, they rely on subsurface information. While these methods are somewhat effective for suppressing full-range multiples, they are less effective at suppressing interlayer multiples.

[0004] Scattering theory is a fundamental theory about the relationship between scattered wave fields and disturbed media. In scattering theory, the actual medium consists of a reference medium and a disturbed medium. Correspondingly, the actual wave field consists of a reference wave field (background wave field) and a disturbed wave field (scattered wave field). Both the actual wave field and the reference wave field satisfy the wave equation:

[0005] LG=δ

[0006] L0G0=δ

[0007] Where L and L0 are the differential operators of the actual medium and reference medium, respectively; G and G0 are the wave fields of the actual medium and background medium, respectively; and δ is the Dirac operator. We define the perturbation operator V = L0 - L and the scattered wave field φ = G - G0. The scattering equation proposed by Lippmann-Schwinger is:

[0008] G=G0+G0VG

[0009] The expansion of this equation is the forward scattering series equation:

[0010] G=G0+G0VG0+G0VG0VG0+G0VG0VG0VG0+……

[0011] Furthermore, the scattered wave field equation is obtained:

[0012] φ s =G0VG0+G0VG0VG0+G0VG0VG0VG0+……

[0013] =(φ s )1+(φ s )2+(φ s )3+……

[0014] Where: (φ s ) n is the nth-order equation of V, which is the scattered wave field φ s part of.

[0015] If we can propose a method for suppressing multiple waves in seismic data based on the scattering wave field theory and the forward scattering series equation, we will achieve good results in suppressing interlayer multiple waves. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an interlayer multiple wave suppression method based on the scattered wave field series method. The method is completely data-driven, does not require human intervention, does not require much prior information, and can better achieve the requirements of interlayer multiple wave suppression in complex structural areas. All interlayer multiple waves can be predicted at one time.

[0017] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0018] A method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves based on a scattered wave field series method comprises the following steps performed in sequence:

[0019] S1. Analysis of the source of interlayer multiple waves

[0020] Pick the layer generating the interlayer multiple waves on the stacked data volume and determine the time window range of the source of the interlayer multiple waves;

[0021] S2. Data Preparation

[0022] Perform one-dimensional processing on pre-stack gathers after migration or NMO correction;

[0023] S3. Multiple wave model prediction

[0024] Data-driven multiple wave model predictions related to horizon and time window;

[0025] S4, adaptive subtraction

[0026] The data containing multiple waves are adaptively subtracted from the multiple wave model to obtain the data after multiple wave suppression;

[0027] S5, pre-stack gather recovery, then stacking

[0028] The data after multiple wave suppression are re-sorted to form a new pre-stack gather, which is then stacked to form a seismic profile without multiple waves.

[0029] The new pre-stack gather is a gather that does not contain multiple waves.

[0030] As a limitation, step S2 is performed in the following order:

[0031] S21, extract a single profile from the pre-stack gathers of the entire work area;

[0032] S22, extracting each single profile to form n post-stack data, completing the one-dimensional processing of the pre-stack gather;

[0033] The process of selecting n single sections in step S21 is selected from method 1 or method 2, wherein:

[0034] Method 1

[0035] For the offset domain pre-stack time migration gather, the offset distance increases according to a certain incremental rule. The same offset distance is selected to form a single section. Then, n single sections can be obtained in the whole working area. In this case, n is the maximum offset distance or the offset distance group increment.

[0036] Method 2

[0037] For the OVT domain pre-stack time migration back trace set, an OVT subset is a single section of the entire work area. Then, n single sections can be obtained by sorting the entire work area according to the OVT subset, where n is the maximum number of coverage times.

[0038] In step S5, the data after multiple wave suppression are re-sorted into corresponding single sections according to different offsets or OVT subsets to form new pre-stack gathers, which are then stacked to ultimately form a seismic section without multiple waves.

[0039] As a further limitation, step S3 is performed in the following order:

[0040] S31. Assume that the scattered wave field measured from the surface is called seismic data D = (φ s ) ms , expand the perturbation calculation V according to the order of D, and we can get

[0041] V=V1+V2+V3+……, formula ①;

[0042] S32. Combining Equation ① with the scattered wave equation, we can obtain the first-order, second-order, and third-order inverse scattering series:

[0043] D=G0V1G0 Formula②

[0044] G0V2G0=-G0V1G0 V1G0 Formula ③

[0045] Equation ④: G0V3G0 = -G0V1G0 V2G0 - G0V2G0 V1G0 - G0V1G0 V1G0 V1G0

[0046] S33. Derive V1 from the scattered field and the background field Green's function through Equation ②;

[0047] Then, derive V2 from Equation ③ and V1, and so on to complete the solution of the inverse scattering series;

[0048] Among them, the third term of the third-order inverse scattering series combines the Green's function formula of the background medium:

[0049]

[0050] And the single-frequency plane wave field b1:

[0051]

[0052] And satisfying the limiting conditions for forming the multiple reflections between layers z1 > z2 and z2 < z3, the prediction algorithm for the multiple reflection field between layers can be obtained.

[0053] As a further limitation, steps S34 and S35 need to be performed after step S33.

[0054] S34. Under the condition of ensuring the self-exciting and self-receiving limitation, simplify the wave number k to one-dimensional k z , and thus obtain the formula for predicting the multiple reflections between layers by the one-dimensional inverse scattering method:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, a certain depth dz is determined by the layer position that generates the multiple reflections between layers in step S1, and b(z) is determined by each post-stack data in S22;

[0057] S35. Predict the multiple reflections between layers b 3IM (k) according to Equation ⑦ by combining the layer position and the post-stack data.

[0058] As a further limitation, step S4 includes the following process:

[0059] S41. Subtract each post-stack data in step S22 from their respective multiple reflection models adaptively to obtain a single profile after multiple reflection suppression;

[0060] The multiple reflection model is the multiple reflections between layers b 3IM (k) predicted in step S35. <000​

[0062] (1) The method provided by the present invention is completely data-driven for suppressing interlayer multiples, without the need for manual intervention or much prior information. Furthermore, it can effectively achieve the requirements for suppressing interlayer multiples in complex structural areas and predict all interlayer multiples at once. By using this method to suppress interlayer multiples, it is possible to improve the imaging of large-scale stratum interfaces, enhance lateral traceability, improve the imaging quality of the data, and be more conducive to subsequent data interpretation.

[0063] (2) The present invention was applied to data from a certain area in Xinjiang, and research on multiple wave suppression based on data drive and interface correlation was carried out. After the research, the imaging of a large set of stratum interfaces became clearer, the lateral traceability was enhanced, the top cutting and bottom overtaking phenomena between strata became clearer, the imaging quality was significantly improved, and the quality of well seismic calibration was significantly improved, which was more conducive to subsequent data interpretation. After the method was applied in three dimensions in the area, the processing results provided data support for the evaluation and development of billion-ton oil and gas fields in the area, and the processing effect was recognized by peers. After the method was promoted and applied in the area, it brought hope for the suppression of multiple waves between layers in the area, and multiple well areas have started the multiple wave research and processing.

[0064] The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploration and can better meet the requirements of interlayer multiple wave suppression. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0066] In the attached figure:

[0067] Figure 1 a is a Radon transform suppression multiple wavefront velocity spectrum and gather diagram of a certain three-dimensional data in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 1 b is the velocity spectrum and gather diagram of a certain three-dimensional data after multiple waves are suppressed by Radon transformation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 2 a is a cross-sectional diagram of a certain three-dimensional data before Radon transform multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 2 b is a migration cross-section of a certain three-dimensional data after Radon transform multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the well line migration after multiple wave suppression of a certain three-dimensional data in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 4A multiple wave source layer picking map is generated for a certain three-dimensional data in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 5 a- Figure 5 d is a scattering wave diagram formed by different position combinations of three underground scattering points in the forward model of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a method for predicting interlayer multiple waves using a one-dimensional inverse scattering method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 7 a is a two-dimensional geological model diagram of the underground medium according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 7 b is a superimposed cross-sectional view of the model data of the two-dimensional model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 8 a is a single cross-sectional view corresponding to the k-th offset of the two-dimensional model data of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 8 b is a single cross-section of multiple waves predicted by the first set of high-speed layer model data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 8 c is a single cross-section of multiple waves predicted by the second set of high-speed layer model data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 8 d is a single cross-sectional view of the two-dimensional model data after multiple wave suppression in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 9 a is a trace gather diagram of the two-dimensional model data before multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 9 b is a trace gather diagram of the two-dimensional model data after multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 10 a is a superimposed cross-sectional view of the two-dimensional model data before multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 10 b is a superimposed cross-sectional view of the two-dimensional model data after multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 11 a is a trace gather before multiple wave suppression of a certain three-dimensional data in a certain basin according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 11 b is a trace gather of a certain three-dimensional data in a certain basin after multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 11 c is a multiple wave model diagram predicted by the first set of coal seams from a certain three-dimensional data of a certain basin in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 11 d is a multiple wave model diagram predicted by the first set of coal seams from a certain three-dimensional data of a certain basin in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 12 a is a velocity spectrum of a certain three-dimensional data in a certain basin before multiple wave suppression in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 12 b is a velocity spectrum of a three-dimensional data in a basin after multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 13 a is a superimposed cross-sectional view of a certain three-dimensional data of a certain basin before multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 13 b is a superimposed cross-sectional view of a certain three-dimensional data of a certain basin after multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 14 a is a migration profile of a certain 3D data in a certain area before multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 14 b is a migration profile of a certain three-dimensional data in a certain area after multiple wave suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0096] Embodiment A method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves based on the scattered wave field series method

[0097] This embodiment suppresses interlayer multiple waves by removing the interlayer multiple wave sub-series, and the implementation object is the three-dimensional data of a basin in western China.

[0098] This embodiment includes steps S1-S5 performed sequentially.

[0099] S1. Analysis of the source of interlayer multiple waves

[0100] The layer generating the interlayer multiple waves is picked up on the stacked data volume to determine the time window range of the source of the interlayer multiple waves.

[0101] like Figure 1 Shown in a is the Radon transform suppressed multiple wavefront velocity spectrum and gather map of three-dimensional data of a basin in the west; Figure 1 b is Figure 1The velocity spectrum and gather diagram of the three-dimensional data in a after the Radon transform suppresses the multiple waves. It can be seen from the figure that the long-period multiple waves with a large velocity difference from the primary wave are effectively suppressed, the energy cluster on the velocity spectrum is more focused, and the long-period multiple waves on the gather are significantly eliminated.

[0102] like Figure 2 As shown in a, it is a migration profile of the Radon transform multiple wave suppression before the 3D data of a basin in the west. Figure 2 As shown in b, Figure 2 a Migration profile of 3D data after Radon transform multiple wave suppression. As can be seen from the figure, long-period multiple waves are significantly eliminated after multiple wave suppression, the internal stratum reflection interface is clear, and the seismic reflection layering is significantly enhanced.

[0103] like Figure 3 As shown, this is a well line migration profile of the three-dimensional data of a western basin after suppressing multiple waves through Radon transform. It can be seen from the figure that multiple waves between layers are still widely developed, the target layer is seriously affected by the multiple waves, and the stratigraphic characteristics are unclear.

[0104] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it is a layer picking diagram of the source of multiple waves generated by three-dimensional data of a basin in the west. By analyzing the source of multiple waves generated by the three-dimensional data, it is finally determined that the strong coal seam above the target layer is the main factor generating multiple waves. Two sets of strong coal seams are picked up in the figure to provide layer support for subsequent multiple wave suppression, which is used to determine the time window range of the source generating multiple waves.

[0105] S2. Data Preparation

[0106] Perform one-dimensional processing on pre-stack gathers after migration or NMO correction;

[0107] S21. Select n single sections from the entire work area using method 1 or method 2;

[0108] Among them, method one

[0109] For the offset domain pre-stack time migration gather, the offset distance increases according to a certain incremental rule. The same offset distance is selected to form a single section. Then, n single sections can be obtained in the whole working area. In this case, n is the maximum offset distance or the offset distance group increment.

[0110] Method 2

[0111] For the OVT domain pre-stack time migration back trace set, an OVT subset is a single section of the entire work area. Then, n single sections can be obtained by sorting the entire work area according to the OVT subset, where n is the maximum number of coverage times.

[0112] S22. Extract each single profile to form n post-stack data, and complete the one-dimensional processing of the pre-stack gather.

[0113] S3. Prediction of multiple wave model

[0114] Data-driven prediction of multiple wave model related to horizons and time windows

[0115] S31. Assume that the scattered wave field measured from the surface is called seismic data D = (φ s ) ms , expand the perturbation operator V according to the order of D, and we can get

[0116] V = V1 + V2 + V3 + ……, Equation ①

[0117] S32. Combine Equation ① with the scattered wave equation to obtain the first-order, second-order and third-order inverse scattering series:

[0118] D = G0V1G0 Equation ②

[0119] G0V2G0 = -G0V1G0 V1G0 Equation ③

[0120] G0V3G0 = -G0V1G0 V2G0 - G0V2G0 V1G0 - G0V1G0 V1G0 V1G0 Equation ④

[0121] S33. Derive V1 from the scattered field and the background field Green's function through Equation ②

[0122] Then, derive V2 from Equation ③ and V1, and so on, to complete the solution of the inverse scattering series

[0123] The multiple waves between layers are the waves that undergo multiple wave reflections at any interface below the free surface. The number of downward reflections is the order of the multiple waves between layers. The first-order multiple waves between layers undergo one downward reflection (i.e., three scatterings), the second-order multiple waves between layers undergo two downward reflections (i.e., five scatterings) …… and so on. Therefore, a necessary condition for forming the multiple waves between layers is that there are at least three scattering points underground (three scatterings occur). Therefore, the first-order and second-order scattering series cannot form the multiple waves between layers. Similarly, the first-order and second-order inverse scattering series cannot form the multiple waves between layers during inversion. From this, we can draw the conclusion that the multiple waves between layers start to generate from the 3rd term the third item of the third-order inverse scattering series (at least three scattering points are included), and the three scattering points underground include different position combinations. Assume that the depths of the three points are z1, z2, and z3 respectively. From the forward model, the multiple waves between layers can only be formed when z1 > z2 and z2 < z3;

[0124] As Figure 5 a- Figure 5 d shown, it is the different position combinations of the three scattering points underground in the forward model and the formed scattered waves. As Figure 5 d shown, the multiple waves between layers can only be formed when the depth z1 > z2 and z2 < z3;

[0125] The third term of the third-order inverse scattering series combines with the Green's function formula of the background medium:

[0126]

[0127] and the single-frequency plane wave field b1:

[0128]

[0129] And satisfying the limiting conditions for the formation of multiple interbed reflections z1 > z2 and z2 < z3, the prediction algorithm for the multiple interbed reflection field can be obtained;

[0130] S34. Under the limiting condition of ensuring self-excitation and self-reception, the wave number k is simplified to one-dimensional k z , and thus the formula for predicting multiple interbed reflections by the one-dimensional inverse scattering method is obtained:

[0131]

[0132] As Figure 6 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the method for predicting multiple interbed reflections by the one-dimensional inverse scattering method; this algorithm can traverse and calculate the first-order multiple interbed reflections that may occur at a certain depth dz underground, and obtain all possible prediction results of multiple interbed reflections underground;

[0133] S35. Combining the horizons and post-stack data, the multiple interbed reflection b 3IM (k)

[0134] can be predicted according to Equation ⑦. According to the requirements in Equation ⑦, a certain depth dz underground is particularly important when predicting multiple reflections, and the value of this parameter is determined by the horizon where the multiple reflections occur in Step S1; at the same time, according to the requirements in Equation ⑦, b(z) is determined by each of the post-stack data in Step S22.

[0135] S4. Adaptive subtraction

[0136] Subtract the post-stack data containing multiple reflections, that is, each of the post-stack data in Step S22, from their respective multiple reflection models, that is, the multiple reflections predicted in Step S35, adaptively, so as to obtain the single-shot profile after multiple reflection suppression.

[0137] As Figure 7 shown, it is the superimposed profile of the established two-dimensional geological model diagram and two-dimensional model data. The model data includes primary waves and multiple reflections; the multiple reflections are mainly generated by two sets of high-velocity strong reflection interfaces, and two sets of strong high-velocity layers are picked up to determine the source time window where the multiple reflections occur.

[0138] As Figure 8 shown, after the common midpoint (CMP) gather of the model data is NMO-corrected, it is sorted, as Figure 8a is the single profile corresponding to the k-th offset of the 2D model data; multiple wave prediction is performed using formula ⑦, as follows: Figure 8 b and Figure 8 c shows the multiple wave models generated by the first and second sets of high-speed layers on the single section respectively; Figure 8 The single section corresponding to the kth offset shown in a is the same as the corresponding Figure 8 b and Figure 8 The two multiple wave models shown in c are adaptively subtracted to obtain Figure 8 d shows the single-shot section after multiple wave suppression;

[0139] Repeat the above steps to complete the multiple wave suppression of all single sections extracted in step S22.

[0140] S5. Restore the pre-stack gathers and then perform stacking.

[0141] The single-shot profile data after multiple wave suppression is re-sorted according to different offsets or OVT subsets to form new pre-stack gathers, which are then stacked to form a seismic profile without multiple waves, completing the multiple wave suppression. The new pre-stack gathers are gathers without multiple waves.

[0142] like Figure 9 The following are the gathers of the model data before and after multiple wave suppression. Figure 9 a is the forward gather before multiple wave suppression, Figure 9 b is the gather data before backstack after the multiple waves are suppressed in the single profile in step S4, sorted by their respective offset distances. It can be seen from the figure that the multiple wave suppression effect on the model data gather is obvious, and the results after multiple wave suppression on the model data are consistent with the model data.

[0143] like Figure 10 The figure shows the superposition section of the model data before and after multiple wave suppression. Figure 10 a is the model data stacking section before multiple wave suppression, Figure 10 b is the stacked profile of the gathers after multiple wave suppression. It can be seen from the figure that the interlayer multiple waves are effectively suppressed, and the stacked profile after multiple wave suppression is basically consistent with the geological model.

[0144] like Figure 11 1 and 2 show gather comparisons and multiple wave models of three-dimensional data of a western basin before and after multiple wave suppression using this embodiment. Figure 12 This is a comparison of the velocity spectra before and after multiple wave suppression of the data. From the figure, we can see that after the interlayer multiple waves are suppressed, the primary wave distortion phenomenon is eliminated, the energy cluster on the velocity spectrum is focused, the velocity multi-solution is reduced, the gather flattening effect is better after dynamic correction, and the interlayer multiple waves are basically eliminated. Figure 13This is the superimposed section of the data before and after multiple wave suppression. It can be seen from the figure that after multiple wave suppression, the imaging of the stratigraphic sequence interface is clearer, the layering is stronger, and the lateral traceability and contrast are higher.

[0145] like Figure 14 The following is the cross section of the three-dimensional data of a basin in western China before and after multiple wave suppression in this embodiment. Figure 14 As can be seen in b, the interlayer multiple wave suppression effect is obvious, the target layer characteristics are significantly improved, and the stratum contact relationship is clearer.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves based on the scattered wave field series method, characterized in that: It includes the following steps carried out sequentially: S1. Analysis of the source of internal multiples Pick the horizons that generate internal multiples on the stacked data volume to determine the time window range of the source of internal multiples; S2. Data preparation Perform one-dimensional processing on the pre-stack gathers after migration or NMO; S3. Prediction of the multiple model Predict the multiple model related to data-driven, horizons, and time windows; S4. Adaptive subtraction Subtract the data containing multiples and the multiple model adaptively to obtain the data after multiple suppression; S5. Restore the pre-stack gathers and then perform stacking Resort the data after multiple suppression to form a new pre-stack gather, and then perform stacking to finally form a seismic profile without multiples; The new pre-stack gather is a gather without multiples; The step S2 is carried out in the following order: S21. Extract single-shot profiles from the pre-stack gathers of the entire work area; S22. Extract each single-shot profile to form n post-stack data, completing the one-dimensional processing of the pre-stack gathers; In step S21, the process of selecting n single-shot profiles is selected from method one or method two, where Method one For the post-stack time migration gathers in the offset domain, the offset increases according to a certain increment rule. Select the same offset to form a single-shot profile, and then n single-shot profiles can be obtained for the entire work area. At this time, n takes the value of the maximum offset or the offset grouping increment; Method two For the post-stack time migration gathers in the OVT domain, one OVT subset is a single-shot profile for the entire work area. Then n single-shot profiles can be obtained by sorting according to the OVT subsets for the entire work area. At this time, n takes the value of the maximum coverage; In the step S5, the data after multiple suppression are resorted according to different offsets or OVT subsets to their corresponding single-shot profiles to form a new pre-stack gather, and then stacking is performed to finally form a seismic profile without multiples.

2. The method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves based on the scattered wave field series method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 is carried out in the following order: S31. Assume that the scattered wave field measured from the surface is called seismic data D = (φ s ) ms , expand the perturbation calculation V according to the order of D, and we can get V = V1 + V2 + V3 + ……, Equation ①; S32. Combine Equation ① with the scattering wave equation to obtain the first-order, second-order, and third-order inverse scattering series: D = G0V1G0 Equation ② G0V2G0 = -G0V1G0 V1G0 Equation ③ G0V3G0 = -G0V1G0 V2G0 - G0V2G0 V1G0 - G0V1G0 V1G0 V1G0 Equation ④; S33. Derive V1 from the scattering field and the background field Green's function through Equation ②; Then derive V2 from Equation ③ and V1, and so on, to complete the solution of the inverse scattering series; Among them, the third term of the third-order inverse scattering series combines the Green's function formula of the background medium: Formula ⑤; And the single-frequency plane wave field b1: Formula ⑥; And satisfying the limiting conditions for forming internal multiples z1 > z2 and z < z3, the prediction algorithm for the internal multiple wave field can be obtained.

3. The method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves based on the scattered wave field series method according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the step S33, steps S34 and S35 are also required, S34. Under the constraint of self-excitation and self-collection, the wave number k is simplified to one-dimensional k z , and thus the formula for predicting interlayer multiple waves using the one-dimensional inverse scattering method is obtained: Formula ⑦; where a certain depth dz is determined by the horizons that generate internal multiples in step S1, and b(z) is determined by each post-stack data in S22; S35, combine the layer and post-stack data to predict the interlayer multiple waves according to formula ⑦ .

4. The method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves based on the scattered wave field series method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step S4 includes the following process: S41, adaptively subtracting each post-stack data in step S22 from its corresponding multiple wave model, thereby obtaining a single section after multiple wave suppression; The multiple wave model is the interlayer multiple wave predicted in step S35 .

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