A solar toilet

Abstract

The present invention provides a solar toilet, which utilizes the toilet's own architectural structure to achieve efficient utilization of incident solar radiation energy, and realizes the coordination and linkage of photoelectric conversion energy supply and photothermal conversion energy supply by installing photovoltaic modules on the side walls and installing concentrating collectors on the slope roof to replace the original building enclosure, and can also achieve the switching of solar energy storage and energy supply by changing the flow direction of heat exchange medium air in the pipeline. Specifically, it includes: an enclosure unit and a ventilation unit; the enclosure unit includes: a side wall integrated with photovoltaic modules, a slope roof integrated with multiple concentrating collectors and a heat storage wall; the ventilation unit includes: a fan and a ventilation pipe; the ventilation pipe is a circulating pipeline connected end to end, including a pipeline A located below the soil inside the enclosure unit, a pipeline B located in the side wall, a pipeline C passing through the concentrating collector and a pipeline D passing through the heat storage wall, which are connected in sequence; a fan is installed in the pipeline B; the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module is transmitted to the fan and the lighting in the toilet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a toilet based on solar energy, belonging to the technical field of solar energy buildings. Background Art

[0002] In the cold northern regions, toilet flushing and sewage pipes are prone to freezing in winter and are difficult to clean properly; therefore, corresponding heating devices are needed to prevent the flushing system from freezing. However, the commonly used electric heating or coal heating methods have the disadvantages of high energy consumption and a relatively complicated construction process, requiring frequent manual management and maintenance, which consumes manpower and material resources. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a solar toilet, which utilizes the toilet's own architectural structure to achieve efficient utilization of incident solar radiation energy, and achieves coordination and linkage between photoelectric conversion energy supply and photothermal conversion energy supply by installing photovoltaic components on the side walls of the toilet and concentrating collectors on the sloped roof to replace the original building enclosures. The storage and energy supply of solar energy can also be switched by changing the flow direction of the heat exchange medium air in the pipeline, thereby improving the thermal energy utilization rate and the comfort of the environment in the toilet.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a solar toilet, comprising: an enclosure unit and a ventilation unit;

[0005] The enclosure unit includes: a heat storage wall, a side wall integrated with photovoltaic modules, and a sloped roof integrated with multiple concentrating collectors;

[0006] The ventilation unit includes: a fan and a ventilation pipe; the ventilation pipe is a circulating pipe connected end to end, including a pipe A located below the soil inside the enclosure unit, a pipe B located in the side wall integrated with photovoltaic modules, a pipe C passing through the concentrating collector, and a pipe D passing through the heat storage wall, which are connected in sequence; a fan is installed in the pipe B, and the fan is used to change the air flow direction in the ventilation pipe;

[0007] The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module is transmitted to the fan and the lighting in the toilet through the wire;

[0008] Inside the enclosure unit, a water storage tank is arranged above the inner wall surface of the heat storage wall, and the water storage tank is connected with the water tank of the toilet through a flushing pipe; the ventilation pipe passes through the water storage tank;

[0009] When used for heating: the fan is driven in the forward direction, and the high-temperature hot air heated by the concentrating collector passes through the ventilation pipe under the continuous blowing of the fan, first passes through the water storage tank, the heat storage wall and then reaches the soil to complete the cascade heating process. That is, at this time, the high-temperature hot air is used for heating the water storage tank and for heating the air in the toilet through the heat storage wall;

[0010] For heat storage: The fan is driven in the reverse direction to suck the hot air heated by the concentrating collector into pipeline B in the ventilation pipe, and then passes through the soil, and then passes through the heat storage wall and the water storage tank in sequence to complete the step-by-step heat storage process; that is, in this process, the hot air exchanges heat with the soil first, stores the heat in the soil, and realizes slow heat release.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the side wall integrated with the photovoltaic module is a double-layer structure with a sandwich layer. The outer layer is integrated with the photovoltaic module, and the inner layer is a glass wall; a set distance is provided between the outer layer and the inner layer to form a sandwich layer, and pipeline B is located in the sandwich layer.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glass wall can be flipped by a set angle to form an inclined plane, that is, the glass wall has two states: vertical and inclined;

[0013] When the glass wall is in the vertical state, the sandwich layer is closed;

[0014] When the glass wall is in the inclined state, there is a gap between the top of the glass wall and the pitched roof to form an upper ventilation opening, and there is a gap between the bottom of the glass wall and the ground to form a lower ventilation opening.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glass wall is supported on two adjacent side walls adjacent to the glass wall through a rotating shaft, and the glass wall is driven to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft by driving the rotating shaft to rotate around its own axis, so that it can be switched between the vertical and inclined states.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer layer of the side wall integrated with the photovoltaic module is formed by a plurality of photovoltaic modules and a plurality of one-way glass windows arranged at intervals from top to bottom.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a waste treatment unit. The waste treatment unit includes a sewage recovery box arranged under the toilet; the toilet is communicated with the sewage recovery box through a sewage discharge pipe; the sewage recovery box has a handle.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentrating collector adopts a trough-type composite multi-curved surface concentrating collector, which includes two semi-parabolic reflecting surfaces with different curvatures connected up and down, and the semi-parabolic reflecting surface with a smaller curvature is located on the upper side; the receiver is located at the focal spot position of the concentrating collector, and the bottoms of the two semi-parabolic reflecting surfaces are respectively connected to the bottom end of the receiver;

[0019] The top opening of the concentrating collector is a light inlet, and a glass cover plate is covered on the light inlet; the surface of the receiver is sprayed with a black light-absorbing material.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a heat insulation layer is provided outside the water storage tank.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The solar toilet of the present invention combines two technologies of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal to meet the energy requirements of the toilet, without the need for additional energy assistance; and adopts a solar-based enclosure unit to integrate the toilet wall and the solar collection unit; in the ventilation unit, by changing the air flow direction, the heat storage operation and heat supply operation of solar energy are realized, thus alleviating the problem of intermittent shortage of solar energy supply; the solar toilet of the present invention uses a heat storage wall and underground soil as energy storage media, providing guarantee for the comfortable environment in the toilet and reducing the investment cost and operation cost of the energy supply and energy storage system of the solar toilet.

[0023] (2) In the solar toilet of the present invention, the side wall installed with photovoltaic modules makes full use of the principle of Trombe wall, enabling the waste heat generated by photovoltaic power generation to be used for heating and ventilation, and cooperating with a wind turbine to realize the natural circulation of air in the toilet without power, thereby realizing natural ventilation and dehumidification by using the structure of the toilet itself and improving the comfort of the environment in the toilet.

[0024] (3) A waste treatment unit is provided in the solar toilet of the present invention, and the generated dirt is collected by a dirt recovery box and uniformly treated, thereby being able to solve the problems of environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of toilet dirt and the difficulty of waste treatment.

[0025] (4) In the solar toilet of the present invention, the ventilation pipe passes through the water storage tank, solving the problem that the water tank freezes and cannot be used normally in cold seasons.

[0026] (5) In the side wall of the solar toilet of the present invention where photovoltaic modules are installed, there is one-way glass window lighting between adjacent photovoltaic modules, making the toilet have both the functions of building aesthetics and lighting, and prolonging the service life of the photovoltaic modules, realizing the efficient integration of the solar energy conversion structure and the building enclosure.

[0027] (6) In the solar toilet of the present invention, the concentrating collector is cleverly combined with the building enclosure of the toilet roof. Since the toilet roof is a sunny slope roof, efficient capture of solar energy and self-cleaning of the glass cover plate of the light inlet are realized (the slope roof slides down along the slope when it rains or snows, cleaning the glass cover plate), which can reduce the heat dissipation loss of the toilet roof and ensure that the indoor temperature of the toilet meets the use requirements. Brief description of the drawings

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the solar toilet of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the heat supply process of the solar toilet of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the heat storage process of the solar toilet of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is the air circulation diagram of the solar toilet of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is the incident sunlight optical path diagram of the concentrator collector in the present invention.

[0033] Wherein: 1-unpowered wind cap; 2-water storage tank; 3-heat storage wall; 4-lighting lamp; 5-flushing pipe; 6-ventilation pipe; 7-toilet bowl; 8-hollow pedestal; 9-sewage pipe; 10-dirt recycling box; 11-handle; 12-ground; 13-soil; 14-fan; 15-one-way glass window; 16-rotating shaft; 17-glass wall; 18-photovoltaic module; 19-interlayer; 20-glass cover plate; 21-concentrator collector; 22-receiver; 23-light inlet; 24-upper ventilation opening; 25-lower ventilation opening; 26-semi-parabolic reflecting surface. Specific embodiments

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] This embodiment provides a solar toilet, which realizes the efficient utilization of solar energy by using the structure of the toilet itself. By installing photovoltaic modules on the south wall of the toilet and concentrator collectors on the sunny slope roof as building envelopes, the air flow direction is changed to achieve the coordination and linkage of heat storage and heat supply, improving the thermal energy utilization rate and the comfort of the toilet environment; thus, it can solve the problems that toilets in cold regions cannot be used over winter due to too low temperature in winter, poor heat preservation effect, easy icing of the flushing device, and large heating energy consumption.

[0037] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 described, the solar toilet includes: a solar-based envelope unit and a ventilation unit; the solar-based envelope unit can realize the integration of the toilet wall and the solar collection unit.

[0038] The solar-based envelope unit includes: a side wall installed with photovoltaic module 18, a slope roof installed with concentrator collector 21, and heat storage wall 3; photovoltaic module 18 is used for photoelectric conversion, and concentrator collector 21 is used for receiving and converging light and performing photothermal conversion. The side wall installed with photovoltaic module 18 and heat storage wall 3 are two opposite side walls of this envelope unit (the other two side walls are ordinary wall structures). Heat storage wall 3 is a wall with a set thickness and heat storage materials.

[0039] As an example, the heat storage wall 3 of the solar toilet is the north wall, and the side wall with the photovoltaic module 18 installed is the south wall; the south wall is a double-layer structure with a sandwich layer 19, and its outer layer is provided with the photovoltaic module 18 and the one-way glass window 15; in this example, the outer layer of the south wall is formed by a plurality of photovoltaic modules 18 and a plurality of one-way glass windows 15 arranged at intervals from top to bottom; the inner layer of the south wall is a glass wall 17, and a set distance is set between the outer layer and the inner layer to form the sandwich layer 19.

[0040] The slope roof is an inclined surface structure that slopes downward to the south, thus forming a sunny slope roof; a plurality of concentrating collectors 21 are laid on the roof; in this example, the roof has a plurality of parallel concentrating collector groups laid along the slope (i.e., after laying a plurality of concentrating collector groups along the slope as the roof), and each concentrating collector group includes one or more laterally connected concentrating collectors 21 in series. In addition, a power-free wind cap 1 is installed on the slope roof, and the power-free wind cap 1 automatically opens and closes to achieve toilet ventilation. The above-mentioned concentrating collectors 21 and photovoltaic modules 18 together form a solar energy collection unit.

[0041] The ventilation unit includes: a power-free wind cap 1, a fan 14, and a ventilation pipe 6; among them, the ventilation pipe 6 is a circulating pipeline that is connected end to end, including pipeline A located below the internal soil 13 of the enclosure unit, pipeline B located in the sandwich layer 19 of the south wall, pipeline C passing through the concentrating collector 21, and pipeline D passing through the heat storage wall 3 in sequence. A fan 14 (a blower is used in this example) is installed in the ventilation pipe 6 to change the air flow direction in the ventilation pipe; as an example, the fan 14 is installed at the lower end of pipeline B, that is, on the ground 12 of the sandwich layer 19 of the south wall.

[0042] A toilet 7 is arranged inside the enclosure unit, and a water storage tank 2 is arranged above the inner wall surface of the heat storage wall 3. The water storage tank 2 is communicated with the water tank of the toilet 7 through a flushing pipe 5. The ventilation pipe 6 passes through the water storage tank 2. As an example, pipeline C is communicated with pipeline D after passing through the water storage tank 2. A heat preservation layer can be arranged outside the water storage tank 2 to further ensure that the water in the water storage tank 2 does not freeze in winter.

[0043] In addition, a lighting lamp 4 is installed on the inner wall of the enclosure unit. As an example, the lighting lamp 4 is installed on the water storage tank 2. The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module 18 is transmitted to the fan 14 and the lighting lamp 4 through wires.

[0044] In this solar toilet, a part of the solar radiation is absorbed by the photovoltaic module 18 located on the south wall to provide electric energy for the fan 14 and the lighting lamp 4, and the other part is absorbed by the black receiver 22 in the concentrating collector 21 on the sunny slope roof of the building to heat the air blown by the fan 14. The generated hot air is stored in different heat storage and heating media (such as the water body in the water storage tank 2, the heat storage wall 3, or the soil 13) through the ventilation pipe 6 according to different heat use requirements, thereby realizing heat supply or heat storage.

[0045] As Figure 2 shown in the heating process (the heating process is started when the ambient temperature is relatively low), its operating principle is as follows: The fan 14 drives forward, and the high-temperature hot air heated by the concentrating solar collector 21 passes through the ventilation pipe 6 successively through the water storage tank 2 and the heat storage wall 3 and then reaches the soil 13 under the continuous blowing of the fan 14 to complete the cascade heating process. That is, at this time, the high-temperature hot air is mainly used for heating the water storage tank 2 and heating the air in the toilet through the heat storage wall 3.

[0046] As Figure 3 shown in the heat storage process (the heat storage process is started when the ambient temperature is relatively high), its operating principle is as follows: When heating is not required, the fan 14 drives in the reverse direction, and the hot air heated by the concentrating solar collector 21 is reversely sucked into the pipeline B in the ventilation pipe 6, and first passes through the soil 13 (that is, first exchanges heat with the soil 13 through the pipeline A), and then successively passes through the heat storage wall 3 and the water storage tank 2 to complete the cascade heat storage process. That is, in this process, the hot air first exchanges heat with the soil 13 and stores the heat in the soil 13. Compared with the heat storage wall 3, the soil 13 has a large heat exchange path and large resistance with the air inside the toilet, so that the heat can be stored in the soil 13 to realize slow heat release.

[0047] The above-mentioned combined heat storage and heating process provides a comfortable environment for the toilet. This solar toilet realizes the efficient coupling of the toilet building with solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies, and realizes continuous energy supply, cold prevention and freezing by changing the air flow direction in the toilet; it has the characteristics of high solar energy utilization rate, simple energy supply method, easy maintenance, good thermal comfort, clean and hygienic, etc.

[0048] Embodiment 2:

[0049] On the basis of the above Embodiment 1, further, the glass wall 17 can be turned by a certain angle to form an inclined surface, that is, the glass wall 17 has two states: vertical and inclined.

[0050] As an example, the middle part of the glass wall 17 is supported on the east and west side walls through the rotating shaft 16, and driving the rotating shaft 16 to rotate around its own axis can drive the glass wall 17 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 16; specifically, the glass wall 17 can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 16 towards the heat storage wall 3, that is, as Figure 4 shown, rotate clockwise; so that there is a gap between the top of the glass wall 17 and the sloping roof to form an upper ventilation opening 24, and there is a gap between the bottom of the glass wall 17 and the ground to form a lower ventilation opening 25.

[0051] Under normal conditions, the glass wall 17 is in a vertical state, closing the interlayer 19 in the middle of the south wall; the air between the interlayers 19 absorbs solar radiation and the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 18, causing the temperature inside the interlayer 19 to rise. When the temperature inside the interlayer 19 reaches the set maximum value, the glass wall 17 is driven by the driving shaft 16 to rotate clockwise by a set angle, adjusting the glass wall 17 to an inclined state, as Figure 4 shown; at this time, the hot air inside the interlayer 19 rises and enters the toilet through the upper ventilation opening 24, and the low-temperature air inside the toilet enters the interlayer 19 through the lower ventilation opening 25 (the negative pressure generated by the rising of the hot air inside the interlayer 19 accelerates the inhalation of the indoor cold air), thereby circulating and heating the air inside the toilet, and the formed clockwise air circulation ensures the comfort of the environment inside the toilet. When the solar radiation is low and the temperature inside the interlayer 19 drops to the set minimum value, the glass wall 17 is driven by the driving shaft 16 to rotate in the reverse direction to return to the vertical closed state, and at this time the interlayer 19 can also play a heat preservation role. Thus, the air circulation inside the toilet is realized through the change of the hot air inside the interlayer 19.

[0052] The interlayer 19 formed by the photovoltaic module 18, the one-way glass window 15 and the glass wall 17 in the above structural form has the characteristics of a "Trombe" wall, realizing that the waste heat generated by photovoltaic power generation can be used for heating and ventilation; cooperating with the unpowered wind cap 1 to realize the linkage of heat storage and heat supply and the natural air circulation process inside the toilet.

[0053] Embodiment 3:

[0054] On the basis of the above Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, a waste treatment unit is further provided.

[0055] As Figure 2 shown, the waste treatment unit includes a dirt recovery box 10 arranged below the toilet 7; there is a hollow pedestal 8 below the toilet 7 for accommodating the dirt recovery box 10, and a drawer structure is formed between the dirt recovery box 10 and the hollow pedestal 8; the toilet 7 is communicated with the dirt recovery box 10 through a sewage pipe 9; a handle 11 can also be arranged on the dirt recovery box 10 to facilitate pulling out from the hollow pedestal 8. The generated dirt is collected by the dirt recovery box 10 and then uniformly treated, thereby being able to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of toilet dirt.

[0056] Embodiment 4:

[0057] On the basis of the above Embodiments 1 - 3, the concentrator 21 is further defined.

[0058] In this solar toilet, the sunny slope roof uses the concentrator 21 as a building enclosure, as Figure 5As shown in the figure, the concentrating collector 21 adopts a trough-type compound multi-curved surface concentrating collector, which includes two sections of semi-parabolic reflectors 26 connected up and down. The two sections of semi-parabolic reflectors 26 are asymmetrically arranged, that is, the curvatures of the two sections of semi-parabolic reflectors 26 are different. Among them, the semi-parabolic reflector with a large opening (small curvature) is located on the upper side to receive more solar radiation. The receiver 22 is located at the focal spot position of the concentrating collector 21, and the bottoms of the two sections of semi-parabolic reflectors 26 are respectively connected to the bottom end of the receiver 22.

[0059] The top opening of the concentrating collector 21 is the light inlet 23, and a glass cover plate 20 is covered at the light inlet 23 for heat preservation and insulation. The surface of the receiver 22 is sprayed with a black light-absorbing material to absorb solar radiation and heat the air flowing through the receiver 22. The connecting pipes of the receiver 22 (that is, the connecting pipes between the receivers 22 of adjacent two concentrating collectors 21) are arranged in a snake shape and connected to the ventilation pipe 6 to output hot air.

[0060] Figure 5 This is the incident light path diagram of the concentrating collector, and the operating principle is explained as follows: The concentrating collector 21 with an asymmetric structure is fixedly placed on the sunny slope roof of the toilet. The light ray a is reflected to the black receiver 22 after entering the lower edge point of the concentrating collector 21, and the light ray f is reflected to the black receiver 22 after entering the upper edge point of the concentrating collector 21. The remaining light rays b, d, and e between the lower edge point and the upper edge point are all reflected and converge to the black receiver 22 to be absorbed, and the light ray c directly enters the black receiver 22 to be absorbed.

[0061] In practical applications, in order to meet the heating requirements of different regions, multiple concentrating collectors 21 can be added in series and parallel on the sunny slope roof of the toilet to increase the heating temperature.

[0062] In addition, a glass window can be installed at the bottom end of the concentrating collector 21 at the lowest end of the slope roof for light transmission and lighting.

[0063] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific implementation manners. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, which should all be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar toilet, characterized in that: Including: An enclosure unit and a ventilation unit; The enclosure unit includes: a heat storage wall, a side wall integrated with photovoltaic modules, and a sloping roof integrated with a plurality of solar collectors; The ventilation unit includes: a fan and a ventilation pipe; the ventilation pipe is a circulating pipe that is connected end to end, and includes pipe A located below the soil inside the enclosure unit, pipe B located inside the side wall integrated with photovoltaic modules, pipe C passing through the solar collector, and pipe D passing through the heat storage wall, which are connected in sequence; a fan is installed in pipe B, and the fan is used to change the air flow direction in the ventilation pipe; The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic modules is transmitted to the fan and the lighting lamp in the toilet through wires; Inside the enclosure unit, a water storage tank is arranged above the inner wall surface of the heat storage wall, and the water storage tank is connected to the water tank of the toilet through a flushing pipe; the ventilation pipe passes through the water storage tank; When used for heating: the fan is driven forward, and the high-temperature hot air heated by the solar collector passes through the ventilation pipe in sequence through the water storage tank, the heat storage wall, and then reaches the soil under the continuous blowing of the fan to complete the cascade heating process, that is, at this time, the high-temperature hot air is used for heating the water storage tank and heating the air in the toilet through the heat storage wall; When used for heat storage: the fan is driven in reverse, and the hot air heated by the solar collector is reversely sucked into pipe B in the ventilation pipe, first passes through the soil, and then passes through the heat storage wall and the water storage tank in sequence to complete the cascade heat storage process; that is, in this process, the hot air exchanges heat with the soil first, and stores the heat in the soil to achieve slow heat release.

2. The solar toilet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall integrated with photovoltaic modules is a double-layer structure with a sandwich layer. Its outer layer is integrated with photovoltaic modules, and the inner layer is a glass wall; a set distance is set between the outer layer and the inner layer to form a sandwich layer, and pipe B is located in the sandwich layer.

3. The solar toilet according to claim 2, wherein: The glass wall can be flipped at a set angle to form an inclined plane, that is, the glass wall has two states: vertical and inclined; When the glass wall is in the vertical state, the sandwich layer is closed; When the glass wall is in the inclined state, there is a gap between the top of the glass wall and the sloping roof to form an upper ventilation opening, and there is a gap between the bottom of the glass wall and the ground to form a lower ventilation opening.

4. The solar toilet according to claim 3, wherein: The glass wall is supported on two adjacent side walls through a rotating shaft, and by driving the rotating shaft to rotate around its own axis, the glass wall is driven to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft, so that it can be switched between the vertical and inclined states.

5. The solar toilet according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that: The outer layer of the side wall integrated with photovoltaic modules is formed by a plurality of photovoltaic modules and a plurality of one-way glass windows arranged at intervals from top to bottom.

6. The solar toilet according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: It also includes a waste treatment unit, and the waste treatment unit includes a sewage recovery box arranged under the toilet; the toilet is connected to the sewage recovery box through a sewage pipe; the sewage recovery box has a handle.

7. The solar toilet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: An unpowered wind cap is installed on the sloping roof.

8. The solar toilet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The solar collector adopts a trough-type composite multi-curved surface solar collector, which includes two semi-parabolic reflecting surfaces with different curvatures connected up and down, and the semi-parabolic reflecting surface with a smaller curvature is located on the upper side; the receiver is located at the focal spot position of the solar collector, and the bottoms of the two semi-parabolic reflecting surfaces are respectively connected to the bottom end of the receiver; The top opening of the solar collector is the light inlet, and a glass cover plate is covered at the light inlet; the surface of the receiver is sprayed with black light-absorbing material.

9. The solar toilet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A heat insulation layer is provided outside the water storage tank.

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