Fuel cell stack high and low temperature cycle performance testing device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance testing device, the testing device includes environment bin, air-tight test component, stress test component and controller, the environment bin is used to place the fuel cell stack to be measured, the environment bin is adjustable temperature environment bin, the air-tight test component is used to carry out air-tightness test to stack, the stress test component is used to monitor the stress condition of the fuel cell stack under different temperature conditions, the controller can control the environment bin, the air-tight test component and the stress test component, and receive and store the data collected by the air-tight test component and the stress test component.The testing device of the embodiment of the application can test stack under different temperature conditions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell, and particularly relates to a high and low temperature cycle performance testing device for fuel cell stack. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a main means of using hydrogen energy, fuel cells have a wide range of applications, which can cover transportation, heating and power supply, chemical industry, metallurgy and other fields. In the aspect of energy supply, hydrogen fuel cells can be used to realize combined heat and power supply, replace part of coal, oil and natural gas, and reduce carbon emissions through hydrogen and electricity complementary system; in the aspect of transportation, hydrogen fuel cells can replace traditional oil engines to realize zero emission of vehicles.

[0003] A fuel cell stack is stacked by a plurality of unit cells, and the number of stacked units is often more than 200. Because the application scenarios of fuel cells are wide, the temperature of the running environment of the fuel cells has the characteristics of large fluctuation, which is usually-40℃-80℃. Temperature change will cause thermal expansion and cold contraction of each component, and then affect the air tightness of the whole stack. The air tightness of the whole stack is one of the key parameters to determine the performance and service life of the fuel cell. Since the fuel cell industry is in the rising stage at present, there is no mature testing platform and means about the influence of temperature on the air tightness and other performances of the whole stack. This will cause the performance of the stack to be substandard at certain specific environmental temperature, and affect the performance of the stack. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides a high and low temperature cycle performance testing device for fuel cell stack, which can test the stack under different temperature conditions.

[0006] The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance testing device provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises an environment bin, a gas tightness testing assembly, a stress testing assembly and a controller, the environment bin is used for placing the fuel cell stack to be tested, the environment bin is a temperature-adjustable environment bin, the gas tightness testing assembly comprises a helium source, a water tank, a hydrogen inlet pipe and a hydrogen outlet pipe which are in communication with a hydrogen cavity, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are in communication with an air cavity, a water inlet pipe and a water return pipe which are in communication with a water cavity, a pressure sensor and a leak detector, the helium source is connected with the hydrogen inlet pipe and the air inlet pipe, the water tank is connected with the water inlet pipe and the water return pipe, the pressure sensor is arranged on the water inlet pipe, the leak detector is in communication with the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity, the stress testing assembly is detachably arranged on the fuel cell stack, the stress testing assembly is used for monitoring the stress condition of the fuel cell stack under different temperature conditions, and the controller can control the environment bin, the gas tightness testing assembly and the stress testing assembly, and receive and store the data collected by the gas tightness testing assembly and the stress testing assembly.

[0007] The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance testing device provided by the embodiment of the present application can simulate the operating environment of the stack through the environment bin, and analyze the gas tightness and stress condition of the stack by using the gas tightness testing assembly and the stress testing assembly, so as to evaluate the overall performance of the stack, and facilitate researchers to improve the stack according to the test results and improve the performance of the stack.

[0008] In some embodiments, the stress testing assembly comprises a displacement sensor and a first data collector, the fuel cell stack comprises a front end plate, a rear end plate, a cell, a compensation plate, a screw rod and a disc spring, the front end plate and the rear end plate are connected through the screw rod, one end of the cell is connected with the front end plate, the other end of the cell is connected with the compensation plate, there is a gap between the compensation plate and the rear end plate, the disc spring is arranged between the compensation plate and the rear end plate, the displacement sensor is arranged on the rear end plate to collect the height data of the disc spring, the displacement sensor is connected with the first data collector, and the first data collector is connected with the controller.

[0009] In some embodiments, the stress testing assembly further comprises a strain gauge and a second data collector, the strain gauge is arranged on the screw rod, the strain gauge is connected with the second data collector, and the second data collector is connected with the controller.

[0010] In some embodiments, a heating element is arranged in the water tank.

[0011] In some embodiments, the air tightness test assembly further comprises a leak detection main pipe, a first leak detection branch pipe, a second leak detection branch pipe and a third leak detection branch pipe, a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve, one end of the leak detection main pipe is connected with the leak detector, the other end of the leak detection main pipe is connected with one end of the first leak detection branch pipe, the second leak detection branch pipe and the third leak detection branch pipe respectively, the other end of the first leak detection branch pipe is communicated with the hydrogen cavity, the other end of the second leak detection branch pipe is communicated with the air inlet pipe, the other end of the third leak detection branch pipe is communicated with the water inlet pipe, the first valve is arranged on the leak detection main pipe, the second valve is arranged on the first leak detection branch pipe, the third valve is arranged on the second leak detection branch pipe, and the fourth valve is arranged on the third leak detection branch pipe.

[0012] In some embodiments, the air tightness test assembly further comprises a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve and an eighth valve, which are arranged in sequence on the hydrogen inlet pipe in the direction from the hydrogen cavity to the helium source.

[0013] In some embodiments, the air tightness test assembly further comprises a ninth valve, one end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the air cavity, the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the hydrogen inlet pipe, and the ninth valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe.

[0014] In some embodiments, the air tightness test assembly further comprises a tenth valve, an eleventh valve, a twelfth valve and a water pump, which are arranged in sequence on the water inlet pipe in the direction from the water cavity to the water tank.

[0015] In some embodiments, the air tightness test assembly further comprises a thirteenth valve and a fourteenth valve, the thirteenth valve is arranged on the hydrogen outlet pipe, and the fourteenth valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe.

[0016] In some embodiments, the air tightness test assembly further comprises a fifteenth valve, a sixteenth valve, a seventeenth valve, a temperature sensor and a drain pipe, which are arranged in sequence on the water return pipe in the direction from the water cavity to the water tank, one end of the drain pipe is connected with the water return pipe, and the seventeenth valve is arranged on the drain pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device of an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device of an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance testing device of an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a stress testing assembly of a fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance testing device of an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 5 is Figure 1 is a partial enlarged view of A in FIG.

[0022] Figure 6 is a displacement sensor layout of a fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance testing device of an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Reference signs:

[0024] 1, environment bin; 2, stack; 201, front end plate; 202, rear end plate; 203, cell; 204, compensation plate; 205, screw rod; 206, disc spring; 301, helium source; 302, water tank; 303, hydrogen inlet pipe; 304, hydrogen outlet pipe; 305, air inlet pipe; 306, air outlet pipe; 307, water inlet pipe; 308, water return pipe; 309, pressure sensor; 310, leak detector; 311, temperature sensor; 312, water pump; 313, main leak detection pipe; 314, first leak detection branch pipe; 315, second leak detection branch pipe; 316, third leak detection branch pipe; 317, first valve; 318, second valve; 319, third valve; 320, fourth valve; 321, fifth valve; 322, sixth valve; 323, seventh valve; 324, eighth valve; 325, ninth valve; 326, tenth valve; 327, eleventh valve; 328, twelfth valve; 329, thirteenth valve; 330, fourteenth valve; 331, fifteenth valve; 332, sixteenth valve; 333, seventeenth valve; 334, drain pipe; 4, displacement sensor; 5, strain gauge; 6, first data collector; 7, second data collector; 8, controller; 9, heating element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0026] As Figures 1-6 shown, the fuel cell stack 2 high-low temperature cycle performance testing device of an embodiment of the present application includes an environment bin 1, a gas tightness testing assembly, a stress testing assembly, and a controller 8.

[0027] The environmental bin 1 is used for placing the fuel cell stack 2 to be tested, and is a temperature-adjustable environmental bin 1, so as to simulate the external environment in which the stack 2 operates.

[0028] The fuel cell stack 2 has a hydrogen cavity, an air cavity and a water cavity, which are not communicated with each other, and the gas tightness test assembly can realize the detection of the gas tightness of the three cavities, hydrogen-air cross-gas and hydrogen-air cross-water of the stack 2 in different operating environments, and the stress test assembly can be used for monitoring the strain data and real-time stress of the stack 2 under different temperature conditions.

[0029] Specifically, the gas tightness test assembly comprises a helium source 301, a water tank 302, a hydrogen inlet pipe 303 and a hydrogen outlet pipe communicated with the hydrogen cavity, an air inlet pipe 305 and an air outlet pipe 306 communicated with the air cavity, a water inlet pipe 307 and a water return pipe 308 communicated with the water cavity, a pressure sensor 309 and a leak detector 310, the helium source 301 is connected with the hydrogen inlet pipe 303 and the air inlet pipe 305, the water tank 302 is connected with the water inlet pipe 307 and the water return pipe 308, the pressure sensor 309 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 307, the leak detector 310 is communicated with the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity, a plurality of valves are arranged on each pipe, and the gas tightness test of the fuel cell stack 2 can be realized by adjusting the opening and closing of the valves through the pressure sensor 309 and the leak detector 310, and the specific gas tightness test method is shown below.

[0030] The controller 8 can be a PLC controller 8, and the environmental bin 1, the gas tightness test assembly and the stress test assembly are connected with the controller 8, the controller 8 can control the environmental bin 1, the gas tightness test assembly and the stress test assembly through programming, so as to realize automatic testing, and the degree of automation is high, and the controller 8 can also receive and store the data collected by the gas tightness test assembly and the stress test assembly, so as to analyze and process the performance of the fuel cell stack 2 by the tester.

[0031] The fuel cell stack 2 high-low temperature cycle performance test device of the embodiment of the application realizes the simulation of the operating environment of the stack 2 through the environmental bin 1, and analyzes the gas tightness and stress of the stack 2 through the gas tightness test assembly and the stress test assembly, so as to evaluate the overall performance of the stack 2, so that researchers can improve the stack according to the test results, and improve the performance of the stack 2.

[0032] As Figure 2As shown, the fuel cell stack 2 comprises a front end plate 201, a rear end plate 202, an electric core 203, a compensation plate 204, a screw rod 205 and a disc spring 206. The front end plate 201 and the rear end plate 202 are connected by the screw rod 205. The electric core 203 is arranged between the front end plate 201 and the rear end plate 202. One end of the electric core 203 is connected with the front end plate 201, and the other end of the electric core 203 is connected with the compensation plate 204. The compensation plate 204 is spaced apart from the rear end plate 202. The disc spring 206 is arranged between the compensation plate 204 and the rear end plate 202.

[0033] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 , in some embodiments, the stress test assembly comprises a displacement sensor 4 and a first data collector 6. The displacement sensor 4 is arranged on the rear end plate 202. The displacement sensor 4 can collect the height data of the disc spring 206, that is, the gap width between the rear end plate 202 and the compensation plate 204, and then the pressure of the disc spring 206 can be calculated. Assuming that the initial height of the disc spring 206 is h0, the gap width between the rear end plate and the compensation plate 204 in different states can be measured by the displacement sensor 4 to know the height h of the disc spring 206 in this state, that is, the reading of the displacement sensor 4. The stiffness of the disc spring 206 at different temperatures is k. The pressure stress of the disc spring 206 at this time can be calculated by the following formula: F=k*(h0-h). By monitoring the deformation amount of the disc spring 206, the relaxation state of the whole stack compression force can be represented.

[0034] The displacement sensor 4 is connected with the first data collector 6. The first data collector 6 is connected with a controller 8. The displacement sensor 4 transmits the collected data to the controller 8 for storage through the first data collector 6.

[0035] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 , in some embodiments, the stress test assembly further comprises a strain gauge 5 and a second data collector 7. The strain gauge 5 is arranged on the screw rod 205. The number of the screw rods 205 is multiple. The multiple screw rods 205 are arranged at intervals on the circumferential side of the electric core 203. The number of the strain gauges 5 is also multiple. The multiple strain gauges 5 correspond to the multiple screw rods 205 one by one. The strain data of the screw rod 205 of the electric stack 2 in different service environments can be monitored by the strain gauge 5, so as to calculate the stress of different positions of the electric stack 2 and the stress state of the whole stack.

[0036] The strain gauge 5 is connected with the second data collector 7. The second data collector 7 is connected with the controller 8. The strain gauge 5 transmits the collected data to the controller 8 for storage through the second data collector 7.

[0037] In some embodiments, a heating element 9 is provided in the water tank 302, and the water tank 302 is filled with antifreeze to prevent the liquid from freezing in low-temperature environments. The heating element 9 is preferably an electric heating element 9, which can heat the antifreeze in the water tank 302. The heated antifreeze enters the fuel cell stack 2, which can achieve rapid heating of the fuel cell stack 2.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the airtightness testing assembly further includes a main leak detection pipe 313, a first leak detection branch pipe 314, a second leak detection branch pipe 315, and a third leak detection branch pipe 316, a first valve 317, a second valve 318, a third valve 319, and a fourth valve 320. One end of the main leak detection pipe 313 is connected to the leak detector 310, and the other end of the main leak detection pipe 313 is connected to one end of the first leak detection branch pipe 314, the second leak detection branch pipe 315, and the third leak detection branch pipe 316, respectively. The other end of the first leak detection branch pipe 314 is connected to the hydrogen chamber, the other end of the second leak detection branch pipe 315 is connected to the air inlet pipe 305, and the other end of the third leak detection branch pipe 316 is connected to the water inlet pipe 307. The first valve 317 is disposed on the main leak detection pipe 313, the second valve 318 is disposed on the first leak detection branch pipe 314, the third valve 319 is disposed on the second leak detection branch pipe 315, and the fourth valve 320 is disposed on the third leak detection branch pipe 316.

[0039] The airtightness test assembly also includes a fifth valve 321, a sixth valve 322, a seventh valve 323, and an eighth valve 324, which are arranged sequentially on the hydrogen inlet pipe 303 along the direction from the hydrogen chamber to the helium source 301.

[0040] The airtightness testing assembly also includes a ninth valve 325, a tenth valve 326, an eleventh valve 327, a twelfth valve 328, and a water pump 312. One end of the air inlet pipe 305 is connected to the air chamber, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe 303. The ninth valve 325 is installed on the air inlet pipe 305. The tenth valve 326, the eleventh valve 327, the twelfth valve 328, and the water pump 312 are arranged sequentially on the water inlet pipe 307 along the direction from the water chamber to the water tank 302.

[0041] The airtightness testing assembly also includes a thirteenth valve 329, a fourteenth valve 330, a fifteenth valve 331, a sixteenth valve 332, a seventeenth valve 333, a temperature sensor 311, and a drain pipe 334. The thirteenth valve 329 is located on the hydrogen outlet pipe, and the fourteenth valve 330 is located on the air outlet pipe 306. The fifteenth valve 331, the sixteenth valve 332, and the temperature sensor 311 are arranged sequentially on the return water pipe 308 along the direction from the water chamber to the water tank 302. One end of the drain pipe 334 is connected to the return water pipe 308, and the connection position is between the fifteenth valve 331 and the sixteenth valve 332. The seventeenth valve 333 is located on the drain pipe 334.

[0042] The following describes the testing method of the fuel cell stack 2 high and low temperature cycle performance testing device embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Before the experiment, open the helium source 301, the eighth valve 324, the tenth valve 326 and the eleventh valve 327 on the water inlet pipe 307, the fifteenth valve 331 and the seventeenth valve 333 on the water outlet pipe 308, and blow the water circuit of the stack 2 to prevent other liquids in the water inlet pipe 307 and the water outlet pipe 308. After the blowing, perform the air tightness test of the stack 2, open the helium source 301 and the eighth valve 324, open the fifth valve 321, the sixth valve 322 and the seventh valve 323 on the hydrogen inlet pipe 303, the ninth valve 325 on the air inlet pipe 305, the tenth valve 326 and the eleventh valve 327 on the water inlet pipe 307, and keep other valves closed. When the pressure sensor 309 reads 1.6 bar, close the helium source 301 and the fifth valve 321, and keep the pressure for 30 seconds. Continuously observe and record the P reading of the pressure sensor 309, obtain the difference, keep the pressure for 3 minutes, observe the P reading of the pressure sensor 309, and determine the difference P1. After the air tightness test, open the thirteenth valve 329 on the hydrogen outlet pipe, the fourteenth valve 330 on the air outlet pipe 306, the fifteenth valve 331 and the seventeenth valve 333 on the water outlet pipe 308, and empty the helium in the stack body, and then close all the valves.

[0044] Open the environment chamber 1, and reduce the environment temperature from the room temperature T1 (23℃) to the low temperature T2 (-40℃). When the environment chamber 1 is cooled to -40℃, it is considered that the stack 2 has reached -40℃, and the temperature is kept for 12 hours. The initial height of the disc spring 206 is h0. The gap width between the lower end plate and the compensation plate 204 in different states can be measured by the displacement sensor 4 to know the height h of the disc spring 206 in this state, i.e. the reading of the displacement sensor 4. The compression stress of the disc spring 206 is calculated. The stiffness of the disc spring 206 at different temperatures is k. The compression stress of the disc spring 206 at this time can be calculated by the following formula: F=k*(h0-h). The reading of the controller 8 is read to obtain the strain of the screw rod 205. The three-cavity pressure maintaining air tightness test is performed, and the steps are consistent with the test steps in the room temperature environment.

[0045] Next, the hydrogen-air mixed gas detection is performed. Open the helium source 301, open the fifth valve 321, the sixth valve 322, the seventh valve 323 and the eighth valve 324, and keep other solenoid valves closed. When the pressure sensor 309 reads 0.5 bar, close the helium source 301 and the solenoid valve F13, and keep the pressure for 30 seconds. Open the solenoid valves F1, F2, F6 and F7, and perform the hydrogen-air mixed gas detection. Keep the pressure for 3 minutes, read the value P2 of the leak detector 310, and determine the hydrogen-air mixed gas amount P1. After the hydrogen-air mixed gas detection, open the solenoid valves F11 and F12 to empty the helium in the stack body, and then close all the valves.

[0046] Finally, hydrogen air water string test is carried out, the helium source 301 is opened, the electromagnetic valves F3, F4, F5, F7, F13 are opened, and other electromagnetic valves are kept closed, when the pressure sensor 309P reads 1.6 bar, the helium source 301 and the eighth valve 324 are closed, and pressure maintaining is kept for 30 s. After the pressure maintaining is finished, the first valve 317, the second valve 318, the fourth valve 320, the tenth valve 326 and the eleventh valve 327 are opened, hydrogen air water string test is carried out, pressure maintaining is kept for 3 min, pressure maintaining is kept for 3 min continuously, the value P3 of the leak detector 310 is read, and the hydrogen air water string amount is determined. After the hydrogen air water string test is finished, the thirteenth valve 329, the fourteenth valve and the seventeenth valve 333 are opened, the helium in the stack is exhausted, and all valves are closed. The air tightness, hydrogen air string, hydrogen air water string and stress test are finished.

[0047] The environment bin 1 is closed, the temperature of the stack 2 is raised to room temperature T1 (23 DEG C), and then air tightness test is carried out, and the operation steps are as above.

[0048] The heating part 9 is opened to heat the anti-freezing liquid, the water pump 312, the tenth valve 326, the eleventh valve 327 and the twelfth valve 328 are opened, so that the anti-freezing liquid enters the stack 2, when the temperature sensor 311 reads 80 DEG C, it is considered that the heating is finished, the temperature in the stack 2 reaches 80 DEG C, and the temperature is kept for 12 h, after the temperature keeping is finished, the water pump 312 and the eighth valve 324 are closed, the helium source 301, the fifteenth valve 331 and the seventeenth valve 333 are opened, and then purging is carried out, after the purging is finished, the air tightness, hydrogen air string, hydrogen air water string, displacement test and stress and strain test are carried out, and the operation steps are consistent with those under the-40 DEG C environment.

[0049] One cycle is finished.

[0050] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0051] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and do not connote or imply a relative importance of the indicated elements or a number of the indicated elements. Thus, a feature defined with "first", "second", etc. can include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0052] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection or communication with each other; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically defined. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can be direct contact between the first and second features, or indirect contact between the first and second features through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "above", "over" and "on" the second feature can be directly above or obliquely above the first feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "under" and "under" the second feature can be directly below or obliquely below the first feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0054] In the present application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0055] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application, and the changes, modifications, replacements and variations of the above embodiments made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device, the fuel cell stack having a hydrogen cavity, an air cavity, and a water cavity, characterized by, The application relates to a fuel cell stack test device. The device comprises an environmental chamber for placing a fuel cell stack to be tested, the environmental chamber being a temperature-adjustable environmental chamber; a gas tightness test assembly comprising a helium source, a water tank, a hydrogen inlet pipe and a hydrogen outlet pipe communicated with the hydrogen cavity, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe communicated with the air cavity, a water inlet pipe and a water return pipe communicated with the water cavity, a pressure sensor and a leak detector, the helium source being connected with the hydrogen inlet pipe and the air inlet pipe, the water tank being connected with the water inlet pipe and the water return pipe, a heating element being arranged in the water tank, the pressure sensor being arranged on the water inlet pipe, and the leak detector being communicated with the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity; a stress test assembly arranged on the fuel cell stack in a detachable mode, the stress test assembly being used for monitoring the stress of the fuel cell stack under different temperature conditions; and a controller used for controlling the environmental chamber, the gas tightness test assembly and the stress test assembly, and receiving and storing the data collected by the gas tightness test assembly and the stress test assembly. The fuel cell stack comprises a front end plate, a rear end plate, a cell, a compensation plate, a screw rod and a disc spring, the stress test assembly comprises a strain gauge and a second data collector, the strain gauge is arranged on the screw rod, the strain gauge is connected with the second data collector, the second data collector is connected with the controller, the strain data of the screw rod in different service environments is monitored through the strain gauge, and the stress of different positions of the fuel cell stack and the stress state of the whole fuel cell stack are calculated. The stress test assembly further comprises a displacement sensor and a first data collector, the front end plate and the rear end plate are connected through the screw rod, one end of the cell is connected with the front end plate, the other end of the cell is connected with the compensation plate, the compensation plate is spaced apart from the rear end plate, the disc spring is arranged between the compensation plate and the rear end plate, the displacement sensor is arranged on the rear end plate to collect the height data of the disc spring, the displacement sensor is connected with the first data collector, and the first data collector is connected with the controller. The gas tightness test assembly further comprises a leak detection main pipe, first, second and third leak detection branch pipes, first, second, third and fourth valves, one end of the leak detection main pipe is connected with the leak detector, the other end of the leak detection main pipe is connected with one end of the first, second and third leak detection branch pipes respectively, the other end of the first leak detection branch pipe is communicated with the hydrogen cavity, the other end of the second leak detection branch pipe is communicated with the air inlet pipe, the other end of the third leak detection branch pipe is communicated with the water inlet pipe, the first valve is arranged on the leak detection main pipe, the second valve is arranged on the first leak detection branch pipe, the third valve is arranged on the second leak detection branch pipe, and the fourth valve is arranged on the third leak detection branch pipe. ​ 2. The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device according to claim 1, characterized by, ​ 3. The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device according to claim 1, characterized by, ​ 4. The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device according to claim 1, characterized by, The airtight test assembly further comprises a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve and an eighth valve, which are arranged in sequence on the hydrogen inlet pipe in the direction of the hydrogen cavity to the helium source.

5. The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device according to claim 1, characterized by, The airtight test assembly further comprises a ninth valve, one end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the air cavity, the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the hydrogen inlet pipe, and the ninth valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe.

6. The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device according to claim 1, characterized by, The airtight test assembly further comprises a tenth valve, an eleventh valve, a twelfth valve and a water pump, which are arranged in sequence on the water inlet pipe in the direction of the water cavity to the water tank.

7. The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device according to claim 1, characterized by, The airtight test assembly further comprises a thirteenth valve and a fourteenth valve, the thirteenth valve is arranged on the hydrogen outlet pipe, and the fourteenth valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe.

8. The fuel cell stack high-low temperature cycle performance test device of claim 1, wherein, The airtight test assembly further comprises a fifteenth valve, a sixteenth valve, a seventeenth valve, a temperature sensor and a drain pipe, the fifteenth valve, the sixteenth valve and the temperature sensor are arranged in sequence on the water return pipe in the direction of the water cavity to the water tank, one end of the drain pipe is connected with the water return pipe, and the seventeenth valve is arranged on the drain pipe.

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