A spindle and machine tool having the same

Abstract

The application relates to the field of electromechanics and provides a main shaft and a machine tool with the same. The main shaft comprises a shaft sleeve assembly, a shaft core assembly, a front bearing assembly, a rear bearing assembly, a cylinder assembly, a rotary joint, a loose cutter assembly and a detection assembly. The loose cutter assembly of the main shaft has a central hole matched with the rotary joint, water is passed through the central hole, the cutter can be cooled, cutter loss is prevented, the service life of the cutter is improved, and machining precision is improved; compressed air is passed through the central hole, the taper hole of the main shaft can be cleaned; the detection assembly of the main shaft can identify the cutter carrying state of the main shaft, the accurate control of the main shaft is facilitated, machining quality and machining precision are improved, and the intelligent degree of the main shaft is improved; meanwhile, the cylinder assembly of the main shaft has a pneumatic cutter removing function, compressed air of the machine tool can be used to drive the loose cutter assembly to move, a hydraulic station can be cancelled, and cost saving is facilitated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electromechanics, and in particular to a spindle and a machine tool having the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] The spindle is an important component of the machine tool. If the structure of the spindle is not reasonable, the machining quality and efficiency will be seriously affected.

[0003] For example, if the structure of the spindle cannot cool the tool well, a large amount of cutting heat will be generated, the tool consumption will be increased, the service life of the tool will be affected, and the machining precision will be affected. If the structure of the spindle cannot detect the position of the loose and tension tool assembly, the control precision of the spindle will be low, and the intelligent degree will be low. If the hydraulic station is additionally provided on the spindle to realize the switching of the loose and tension tool assembly between the loose tool position and the tension tool position, the cost of the spindle will be increased.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the structure of the spindle to simultaneously solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the technical problem of unreasonable structure of the spindle in the related art, the present application provides a spindle and a machine tool having the same.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, a spindle is provided, comprising: a sleeve assembly; a front bearing assembly and a rear bearing assembly; a shaft core assembly, the shaft core assembly being installed in the sleeve assembly through the front bearing assembly and the rear bearing assembly; a cylinder assembly, the cylinder assembly being arranged at the axial rear end of the sleeve assembly; a rotary joint, the rotary joint being arranged at the axial rear end of the cylinder assembly; a loose and tension tool assembly, the front end of the loose and tension tool assembly being movably arranged in the shaft core assembly, the rear end of the loose and tension tool assembly passing through the cylinder assembly and being connected with the rotary joint, the loose and tension tool assembly having a central hole, the loose and tension tool assembly having a tension tool position for clamping the tool and a loose tool position for loosening the tool; a detection assembly, the detection assembly comprising a first detection unit and a second detection unit, the first detection unit being connected with the middle part of the loose and tension tool assembly, the second detection unit being fixedly arranged at the radial side of the loose and tension tool assembly; the first detection unit and the loose and tension tool assembly are synchronously movable relative to the second detection unit under the driving of the cylinder assembly, and the second detection unit outputs a sensing signal according to the position of the first detection unit.

[0007] Further, at least part of the first detection unit is bent and extended to the radial side of the rear end of the shaft core assembly towards the front end of the loose and tension tool assembly; the second detection unit is arranged at the radial side of the rear end of the shaft core assembly; and the bent structure of the first detection unit cooperates with the second detection unit to shorten the overhanging of the rear end of the spindle.

[0008] Further, the first detection unit comprises a ring structure, which is sleeved on the drawbar assembly, and the outer diameter of the ring structure is larger than the outer diameter of the rear end of the shaft core assembly; when the rotary joint leaks liquid, the ring structure blocks the liquid and throws the liquid to the inner wall of the cylinder assembly and / or the sleeve assembly under the centrifugal force, so as to prevent the liquid from flowing to the side of the rear bearing assembly through the gap between the shaft core assembly and the rear bearing assembly.

[0009] Further, at least one drain hole is arranged on the side wall of the rear end of the cylinder assembly and / or the sleeve assembly; the liquid can be discharged to the outside of the main shaft through the drain hole.

[0010] Further, the first detection unit comprises: a first ring segment, which is sleeved on the drawbar assembly; a second ring segment, the axial first end of the second ring segment is connected with the first ring segment, the outer diameter of the second ring segment is equal to the outer diameter of the first ring segment, and the inner diameter of the second ring segment is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft core assembly; a third ring segment, the axial second end of the second ring segment is connected with the third ring segment, the inner diameter of the third ring segment is equal to the inner diameter of the second ring segment, and the outer diameter of the third ring segment is larger than the outer diameter of the second ring segment; the second ring segment and the third ring segment are located on the front side of the first ring segment; the second detection unit is arranged on the radial side of the rear end of the shaft core assembly; when the drawbar assembly is located at the drawbar position, the third ring segment is located on the radial side of the shaft core assembly and cooperates with the second detection unit.

[0011] Further, a window is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder assembly and / or the sleeve assembly, and the second detection unit can be adjusted through the window.

[0012] Further, the main shaft further comprises a balance block, which is installed on the shaft core assembly and used for adjusting the dynamic balance of the main shaft; or part of the material of the shaft core assembly is removed to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

[0013] Further, a window is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder assembly and / or the sleeve assembly, and the second detection unit can be adjusted through the window.

[0014] Further, the main shaft further comprises a balance block, which is installed on the shaft core assembly and used for adjusting the dynamic balance of the main shaft; or part of the material of the shaft core assembly is removed to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

[0015] Further, the main shaft further comprises a balance block, which is installed on the shaft core assembly and used for adjusting the dynamic balance of the main shaft; or part of the material of the shaft core assembly is removed to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

[0016] Further, the cylinder assembly further comprises a pipeline disc arranged at the rear end of the cylinder barrel, the pipeline disc having a loosening tool pipeline and a first piston reset pipeline; the cylinder barrel has a second piston reset pipeline in communication with the first piston reset pipeline, the second piston reset pipeline being in communication with the front end of the closest stage piston chamber to the pipeline disc in the multi-stage piston chamber, and the loosening tool pipeline being in communication with the rear end of the closest stage piston chamber to the pipeline disc in the multi-stage piston chamber; the cylinder assembly further comprises a loosening tool gas pipe joint and a piston reset gas pipe joint arranged on the pipeline disc, the loosening tool gas pipe joint being in communication with the loosening tool pipeline, and the piston reset gas pipe joint being in communication with the first piston reset pipeline.

[0017] Further, the main shaft further comprises a matched motor rotor and motor stator, the motor stator being located at the outer circumferential side of the motor rotor, the motor stator and the motor rotor being installed between the shaft core assembly and the shaft sleeve assembly and between the front bearing assembly and the rear bearing assembly, and the motor rotor being linked and connected with the shaft core assembly.

[0018] Further, the shaft sleeve assembly comprises a shaft sleeve, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve and a rear bearing seat, at least one drainage hole is arranged on the side wall of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve, a positioning sleeve sealing ring is arranged between the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve and the shaft sleeve, the rear bearing seat is connected with the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve, and a rear bearing seat sealing ring is arranged between the rear bearing seat and the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve; the rear bearing assembly is installed on the rear bearing seat; the cylinder body is arranged at the rear end of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve; the shaft core assembly comprises a shaft core, the front end of the shaft core is connected with the shaft sleeve through the front bearing assembly, and the rear end of the shaft core is connected with the rear bearing seat through the rear bearing assembly; the rear end of the shaft core extends out of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve and extends into the first-stage piston cavity closest to the rear bearing assembly in the multi-stage piston cavity; the main shaft further comprises a rear cover plate, an encoder and an encoder gear, the rear cover plate is sleeved on the shaft core and covers the rear end of the rear bearing assembly and the rear bearing seat; the encoder gear is sleeved on the shaft core and located at the rear end of the rear cover plate; the encoder is arranged at the rear end of the rear cover plate and located on the radial side of the encoder gear; the shaft core comprises a first hole section and a second hole section connected with each other, the diameter of the second hole section is greater than that of the first hole section, and a first limiting surface is formed at the connection position of the first hole section and the second hole section; the loose pull cutter assembly comprises a pull rod, the pull rod comprises a first rod section, a second rod section, a third rod section and a fourth rod section connected with each other, and a second limiting surface is formed at the connection position of the first rod section and the second rod section; the first rod section is matched with the first hole section, the second rod section is matched with the second hole section, the third rod section is connected with the second rod section, the diameter of the third rod section is smaller than that of the second rod section, the diameter of the fourth rod section is smaller than that of the third rod section, a third limiting surface is formed between the second rod section and the third rod section, and a fourth limiting surface is formed between the third rod section and the fourth rod section; the main shaft further comprises elastic members, at least one elastic member is sleeved on the first rod section and abuts between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface; the shaft core assembly further comprises a rear gland, the rear gland is sleeved on the third rod section and abuts against the third limiting surface, the rear gland is pressed on the rear end surface of the shaft core and the encoder gear and is fixedly connected with the rear end surface of the shaft core through a fixing member; a first detection unit is sleeved on the fourth rod section and abuts against the fourth limiting surface and is fixedly connected with the third limiting surface through a fixing member, and a second detection unit is installed on the rear cover plate through a fixing seat and located on the radial side of the rear gland; a window is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder body and opposite to the rear gland and the second detection unit, the second detection unit can be adjusted through the window or the outer peripheral surface of the rear gland can be increased or reduced in weight through the window; each of the plurality of pistons has a displacement through hole matched with the fourth rod section; the piston closest to the first detection unit among the plurality of pistons is used to drive the first detection unit to move, and the first detection unit drives the pull rod to move.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present application, a machine tool is also provided, which comprises the main shaft.

[0020] The technical scheme of the application optimizes the structure of the main shaft, the loose-tight tool assembly of the main shaft has a central hole, cooperates with the rotary joint, passes water through the central hole, can cool the tool, prevents tool loss, is beneficial to prolong the service life of the tool and improve the machining precision, passes compressed air through the central hole, can clean the taper hole of the main shaft, and the detection assembly of the main shaft can identify the tool-carrying state of the main shaft, thereby being beneficial to accurate control of the main shaft, improving the machining quality and machining precision, and improving the intelligent degree of the main shaft; meanwhile, the cylinder assembly of the main shaft has the pneumatic tool removal function, can drive the loose-tight tool assembly to move by using the compressed air of the machine tool, thereby the hydraulic station can be cancelled, and cost saving is beneficial. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the main shaft of an optional embodiment of the application is shown, wherein the cylinder assembly is in the reset state, and the loose-tight tool assembly is located at the tight tool position;

[0022] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the main shaft of Figure 1 is shown in another state, wherein the cylinder assembly is in the tool removal state, and the loose-tight tool assembly is located at the loose tool position;

[0023] Figure 3 The structure schematic diagram of part of the structure of the main shaft in Figure 1 is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of Figure 1 is shown, wherein the defined position of the rear end overhang is shown, and the setting position of the first detection unit and the second detection unit is optimized, thereby being beneficial to shorten the rear end overhang.

[0025] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the application, constitute a part of the application, and the schematic embodiments of the application and the description thereof are used to explain the application, and do not constitute improper limitation on the application.

[0026] In the drawings:

[0027] 10, bushing assembly; 11, bushing; 12, rear bearing seat positioning sleeve; 121, drainage hole; 13, rear bearing seat; 20, shaft core assembly; 21, shaft core; 211, first hole section; 212, second hole section; 22, rear gland; 30, front bearing assembly; 40, rear bearing assembly; 50, cylinder assembly; 51, cylinder body; 511, second piston return pipeline; 510, piston cavity; 52, piston; 521, first piston; 522, second piston; 53, pipeline disc; 531, loosening tool pipeline; 532, first piston return pipeline; 54, loosening tool gas pipeline joint; 55, piston return gas pipeline joint; 60, rotary joint; 70, loosening tool assembly; 710, center hole; 71, pull rod; 711, first rod section; 712, second rod section; 713, third rod section; 714, fourth rod section; 80, detection assembly; 81, first detection unit; 811, first annular section; 812, second annular section; 813, third annular section; 82, second detection unit; 83, fixed seat; 90, window cover plate; 100, motor rotor; 110, motor stator; 120, rear cover plate; 130, encoder; 140, encoder gear; 150, elastic member; 1, positioning sleeve sealing ring; 2, rear bearing seat sealing ring; 3, proximity switch fixed seat fixing screw; 4, window cover plate fixing screw; 5, proximity switch fixed top screw; 6, rotary joint fixing block; 7, cylinder fixing screw; 501, air passing hole; 502, first sealing ring; 503, second sealing ring; 504, third sealing ring; 505, fourth sealing ring; 506, fifth sealing ring; 507, sixth sealing ring; 72, pull claw; 8, tool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to enable persons skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without creative labor should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0029] In order to solve the technical problem of unreasonable structure of the main shaft in the related art, the present application provides a main shaft and a machine tool with the same.

[0030] As Figures 1 to 4As shown, the main shaft comprises: a sleeve assembly 10; a front bearing assembly 30 and a rear bearing assembly 40; a shaft core assembly 20, which is installed in the sleeve assembly 10 through the front bearing assembly 30 and the rear bearing assembly 40; a cylinder assembly 50, which is arranged at the axial rear end of the sleeve assembly 10; a rotary joint 60, which is arranged at the axial rear end of the cylinder assembly 50; a loose-tight tool assembly 70, the front end of which is movably arranged in the shaft core assembly 20, the rear end of which passes through the cylinder assembly 50 and is connected with the rotary joint 60, the loose-tight tool assembly 70 having a central hole 710 and having a loose-tight tool position for clamping the tool and a loose-tight tool position for loosening the tool; and a detection assembly 80, which comprises a first detection unit 81 and a second detection unit 82, the first detection unit 81 being connected with the middle part of the loose-tight tool assembly 70, and the second detection unit 82 being fixedly arranged at the radial side of the loose-tight tool assembly 70; the first detection unit 81 and the loose-tight tool assembly 70 being synchronously movable relative to the second detection unit 82 under the driving of the cylinder assembly 50, and the second detection unit 82 outputting a sensing signal according to the position of the first detection unit 81.

[0031] In this way, the structure of the main shaft is optimized, the loose-tight tool assembly 70 of the main shaft has the central hole 710, cooperates with the rotary joint, passes water through the central hole, can cool the tool, prevents tool wear, is beneficial to prolong the service life of the tool and improve the machining precision; passes compressed air through the central hole, can clean the taper hole of the main shaft; and the detection assembly of the main shaft can identify the tool-carrying state of the main shaft, thereby being beneficial to the accurate control of the main shaft, improving the machining quality and machining precision, and improving the intelligent degree of the main shaft; at the same time, the cylinder assembly of the main shaft has the pneumatic tool changing function, can drive the loose-tight tool assembly to move by using the compressed air of the machine tool, thereby the hydraulic station can be cancelled, and cost saving is beneficial.

[0032] The middle part of the loose-tight tool assembly 70 as referred to in the present application is not the strict middle, but is relative to the front end and the rear end of the loose-tight tool assembly 70, and the first detection unit 81 is connected with the middle part of the loose-tight tool assembly 70.

[0033] Optionally, at least part of the first detection unit 81 is bent and extends to the radial side of the rear end of the shaft core assembly 20 towards the front end of the loose-tight tool assembly 70; the second detection unit 82 is arranged at the radial side of the rear end of the shaft core assembly 20; and the bent structure of the first detection unit 81 cooperates with the second detection unit 82 to shorten the overhanging of the rear end of the main shaft. Figure 4As shown, in this way, by allowing the first detection unit 81 to be bent, the first detection unit 81 and the second detection unit 82 matched therewith can be sunk to one side of the radial direction of the rear end of the shaft core assembly 20, without occupying too much position in the axial direction of the main shaft, thereby facilitating the shortening of the rear end overhang of the main shaft.

[0034] The rear end of the loose broach assembly 70 is connected to the rotary joint 60, and the loose broach assembly 70 also needs to pass through the encoder area, the detection assembly area, and the multi-stage cylinder area, which can cause the loose broach assembly 70 to be too long, i.e., the rear end overhang is too long. When the loose broach assembly 70 rotates with the shaft core assembly 20, it can cause the high-speed dynamic characteristics of the main shaft to be poor, and the high-speed operation cannot be realized. The structure of the detection assembly 80 is further optimized in the present application, thereby shortening the rear end overhang and ensuring that the main shaft can operate at high speed and stably, thereby facilitating the further improvement of the machining precision, machining efficiency, and machining quality.

[0035] As shown in FIG. 1, Figure 4 As shown, the rear end overhang defined in the present application is the distance from the middle position of the rear bearing assembly to the end of the rotating body.

[0036] The rotating body refers to the shaft core assembly and the loose broach assembly 70 as a whole relative to the shaft sleeve assembly.

[0037] Optionally, the first detection unit 81 includes a ring structure, the ring structure is sleeved on the loose broach assembly 70, and the outer diameter of the ring structure is greater than the outer diameter of the rear end of the shaft core assembly 20; when the rotary joint 60 leaks liquid, the ring structure blocks the liquid and throws the liquid to the inner wall of the cylinder assembly 50 and / or the shaft sleeve assembly 10 under the centrifugal action, so as to prevent the liquid from flowing to the side of the rear bearing assembly 40 through the gap between the shaft core assembly 20 and the rear bearing assembly 40. In this way, by further optimizing the structure of the first detection unit 81, the shielding effect can be achieved, and water can be prevented from entering the main shaft bearing, thereby protecting the main shaft.

[0038] In the optional embodiment of the present application, the main shaft includes an embedded motor, so that the first detection unit 81 can also prevent water from entering the motor, thereby protecting the main shaft.

[0039] In the optional embodiment of the present application, the rotary joint 60 is arranged at the last end of the main shaft. If the rotary joint 60 has a leakage problem, it is convenient to disassemble and repair, and timely solve the leakage problem.

[0040] In an optional embodiment of this application, the pull-out knife assembly 70 is connected to the rotary joint 60 via the through cylinder assembly 50. The cylinder assembly 50 drives the first detection unit 81 to move, thereby driving the pull-out knife assembly 70 to move. The middle part of the pull-out knife assembly 70 is less prone to leakage and other problems, avoiding the problem of poor sealing performance between the pull-out knife assembly 70 and the cylinder assembly 50 due to their driving connection.

[0041] The preferred embodiment illustrated in this application helps to ensure the overall sealing of the spindle.

[0042] Optionally, at least one drain hole 121 is provided on the side wall of the rear end of the cylinder assembly 50 and / or the bushing assembly 10; liquid can be discharged to the outside of the spindle through the drain hole 121. In this way, when the liquid is thrown to the inner wall of the cylinder assembly 50 and / or the bushing assembly 10 by the blocking effect of the first detection unit 81 and the centrifugal force, it can be discharged to the outside of the spindle through the drain hole 121, preventing water from entering the spindle bearing and motor, thereby protecting the spindle.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiment of this application, the drain hole 121 is provided on the side wall of the rear end of the bushing assembly 10.

[0044] In embodiments not illustrated in this application, the drain hole 121 may also be provided on the side wall of the rear end of the cylinder assembly 50.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, optionally, the first detection unit 81 includes: a first annular segment 811, which is sleeved on the puller assembly 70; a second annular segment 812, whose axial first end is connected to the first annular segment 811, the outer diameter of the second annular segment 812 being equal to the outer diameter of the first annular segment 811, and the inner diameter of the second annular segment 812 being greater than the outer diameter of the shaft core assembly 20; and a third annular segment 813, whose axial second end is connected to the second annular segment 812. The first annular segment 811 is connected at the end. The inner diameter of the third annular segment 813 is equal to the inner diameter of the second annular segment 812, and the outer diameter of the third annular segment 813 is greater than the outer diameter of the second annular segment 812. The second annular segment 812 and the third annular segment 813 are located in front of the first annular segment 811. The second detection unit 82 is located on the radial side of the rear end of the spindle assembly 20. When the puller assembly 70 is in the puller position, the third annular segment 813 is located on the radial side of the spindle assembly 20 and cooperates with the second detection unit 82. In this way, the first annular segment 811 can be used to block the liquid, and the arrangement of the second annular segment 812 and the third annular segment 813 can shorten the rear end overhang of the spindle.

[0046] Optionally, a window is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder assembly 50 and / or the sleeve assembly 10, and the second detection unit 82 can be adjusted through the window. In this way, the second detection unit 82 can be adjusted without disassembling the cylinder assembly 50 of the main shaft.

[0047] Optionally, the main shaft further comprises a balance block, which is installed on the shaft core assembly 20 and used to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft. Since the rotary joint 60 has uneven mass distribution, it may cause vibration and other problems when it rotates with the shaft core assembly 20. By adjusting the dynamic balance of the main shaft as a whole through the balance block, the motion stability of the main shaft can be improved, and vibration can be reduced.

[0048] Optionally, a window is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder assembly 50 and / or the sleeve assembly 10, and the balance block can be adjusted through the window; or part of the material of the shaft core assembly 20 is removed to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft. In this way, the dynamic balance of the main shaft can be adjusted without disassembling the cylinder assembly 50 of the main shaft, which is more efficient and convenient.

[0049] In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the second detection unit 82 and the dynamic balance of the main shaft can be adjusted through one window at the same time, which optimizes the structure of the main shaft.

[0050] In the optional embodiment of the present application which is not shown in the figure, two windows can be arranged to adjust the second detection unit 82 and the dynamic balance of the main shaft respectively.

[0051] Optionally, the balance block is a screw.

[0052] Optionally, part of the material of the shaft core assembly 20 is removed by drilling or other processing methods.

[0053] Optionally, the second detection unit 82 comprises two proximity switch sensors, one corresponding to the loosening position of the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70, and the other corresponding to the pulling position of the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70.

[0054] Optionally, the second detection unit 82 comprises three proximity switch sensors, one corresponding to the loosening position of the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70, one corresponding to the pulling position of the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70, and one corresponding to the no-tool position of the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70.

[0055] Optionally, the second detection unit 82 can also be provided with other types of sensors according to actual needs, and the number of sensors can be adjusted.

[0056] Optionally, when the second detecting unit 82 comprises a plurality of proximity switch sensors, the first detecting unit 81 comprises a metal sensing surface matched with the proximity switch sensors, and the proximity switch sensors output sensing signals when the metal sensing surface appears in front of the proximity switch sensors (non-contact). When the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70 is in different positions, the first detecting unit 81 is also in different positions, and the proximity switch sensors corresponding to the positions output sensing signals, so as to identify the tool-carrying state of the spindle.

[0057] Optionally, the spindle further comprises a window cover plate 90 arranged at the window. In this way, when the spindle does not need to be adjusted, the window cover plate 90 can prevent foreign matters from entering the interior and protect the spindle.

[0058] Optionally, the cylinder assembly 50 comprises: a cylinder body 51 integrally formed, a plurality of piston cavities 510 are formed in the cylinder body 51; a plurality of pistons 52, one movable piston 52 is arranged in each piston cavity 510; the plurality of pistons 52 can move synchronously relative to the cylinder body 51; the plurality of pistons 52 all have a displacement through hole through which the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70 passes; and the piston 52 closest to the first detecting unit 81 in the plurality of pistons 52 can be used to drive the first detecting unit 81 and the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70 to move synchronously. In this way, by integrally forming the cylinder body 51, the plurality of spliced cylinder bodies are no longer arranged, and the sealing structure between the cylinder bodies can be cancelled, thereby being beneficial to improving the overall sealing performance of the cylinder assembly 50.

[0059] Optionally, the cylinder assembly 50 further comprises a pipeline disc 53 arranged at the rear end of the cylinder body 51, the pipeline disc 53 has a tool loosening pipeline 531 and a first piston reset pipeline 532; the cylinder body 51 has a second piston reset pipeline 511 in communication with the first piston reset pipeline 532, the second piston reset pipeline 511 is in communication with the front end of the piston cavity 510 closest to the pipeline disc 53 in the plurality of piston cavities 510, and the tool loosening pipeline 531 is in communication with the rear end of the piston cavity 510 closest to the pipeline disc 53 in the plurality of piston cavities 510; the cylinder assembly 50 further comprises a tool loosening gas pipe joint 54 and a piston reset gas pipe joint 55 arranged on the pipeline disc 53, the tool loosening gas pipe joint 54 is in communication with the tool loosening pipeline 531, and the piston reset gas pipe joint 55 is in communication with the first piston reset pipeline 532. When gas is delivered into the piston cavity 510 closest to the pipeline disc 53 through the tool loosening pipeline 531, the piston in the piston cavity 510 moves away from the pipeline disc 53, the piston drives the other pistons to move integrally, and the first detecting unit 81 and the loosening and pulling tool assembly 70 are synchronously moved,

[0060] Optionally, the piston 52 is further provided with a gas passing hole 501 for communicating the piston cavity 510.

[0061] In the optional embodiment of the application, the cylinder assembly 50 comprises two-stage piston cavities 510 and two pistons 52, i.e. a first piston 521 and a second piston 522, which are connected by the cylinder fixing screw 7. When the compressed air enters the piston cavity 510 at the rear end from the loosening cutter air pipe joint 54 and the loosening cutter pipe 531, the first piston 521 moves forward under the force, and at the same time, the compressed air is transmitted to the piston cavity 510 at the front end through the air hole 501 on the first piston 521, and the second piston 522 in the piston cavity 510 moves forward under the force, so as to realize the synchronous movement of the two pistons relative to the cylinder body 51. The second piston 522 pushes the first detection unit 81 to move forward, and the first detection unit 81 drives the loosening cutter assembly 70 to move forward until the front end face of the first piston 521 is attached to the positioning end face of the cylinder body 51, at which time the claw 72 at the front end of the loosening cutter assembly 70 is loosened, the second detection unit 82 detects the loosening cutter signal, and the cylinder loosening cutter action is completed. When the compressed air is introduced from the piston reset air pipe joint 55, enters the front side of the first piston 521 through the first piston reset pipe 532 and the second piston reset pipe 511, pushes the first piston 521 to move to the rear end, and the first piston 521 pulls the second piston 522 to move to the rear end through the cylinder fixing screw 7, until the right side end face of the first piston 521 is attached to the end face of the pipe disc 53, at which time the second detection unit 82 detects the cylinder reset signal, and the cylinder reset action is completed, and the loosening cutter assembly 70 pushes the claw 72 to clamp the cutter 8 under the action of the elastic member 150, so as to realize the spindle cutter.

[0062] Optionally, the first piston 521 is further provided with a mounting hole matched with the rotary joint 60.

[0063] As shown in Figure 4 , optionally, a first sealing ring 502 is arranged between the first piston 521 and the second piston 522; a second sealing ring 503 is arranged between the first piston 521 and the partition plate of the cylinder body 51; a third sealing ring 504 is arranged between the second piston 522 and the piston cavity 510 of the cylinder body 51; a fourth sealing ring 505 is arranged between the first piston 521 and the piston cavity 510 of the cylinder body 51; a fifth sealing ring 506 is arranged between the cylinder body 51 and the pipe disc 53; and a sixth sealing ring 507 is arranged between the first piston 521 and the pipe disc 53, so as to improve the sealing performance of the cylinder assembly 50.

[0064] As shown in Figure 4 , the spindle further comprises a rotary joint fixing block 6 for fixing the rotary joint 60 on the pipe disc 53.

[0065] In the optional embodiment not shown in the application, the number and arrangement position of the sealing rings can be changed according to actual needs.

[0066] Optionally, the spindle further comprises a matching motor rotor 100 and a motor stator 110, the motor stator 110 is located at the outer circumferential side of the motor rotor 100, the motor stator 110 and the motor rotor 100 are installed between the shaft core assembly 20 and the shaft sleeve assembly 10, and are located between the front bearing assembly 30 and the rear bearing assembly 40, the motor rotor 100 is linked with the shaft core assembly 20. In this way, the motor is built-in in the spindle.

[0067] In the optional embodiment not shown in the application, the motor is arranged outside the spindle and is driven by a belt or a shaft coupling.

[0068] In the application Figures 1 to 4In the specific embodiment shown, the shaft sleeve assembly 10 comprises a shaft sleeve 11, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12, and a rear bearing seat 13, the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12 is provided with at least one drainage hole 121 on the side wall thereof, the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12 is provided with a positioning sleeve sealing ring 1 between the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12 and the shaft sleeve 11, the rear bearing seat 13 is connected with the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12, and the rear bearing seat 13 is provided with a rear bearing seat sealing ring 2 between the rear bearing seat 13 and the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12; the rear bearing assembly 40 is installed on the rear bearing seat 13; the cylinder barrel 51 is arranged at the rear end of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12; the shaft core assembly 20 comprises a shaft core 21, the front end of the shaft core 21 is connected with the shaft sleeve 11 through the front bearing assembly 30, and the rear end of the shaft core 21 is connected with the rear bearing seat 13 through the rear bearing assembly 40; the rear end of the shaft core 21 extends out of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12 and extends into the first-stage piston cavity 510 closest to the rear bearing assembly 40 in the multi-stage piston cavity 510; the main shaft further comprises a rear cover plate 120, an encoder 130, and an encoder gear 140, the rear cover plate 120 is sleeved on the shaft core 21 and covers the rear end of the rear bearing assembly 40 and the rear bearing seat 13; the encoder gear 140 is sleeved on the shaft core 21 and located at the rear end of the rear cover plate 120; the encoder 130 is arranged at the rear end of the rear cover plate 120 and located at the radial side of the encoder gear 140; the shaft core 21 comprises a first hole section 211 and a second hole section 212 connected in communication, the diameter of the second hole section 212 is greater than that of the first hole section 211, and a first limiting surface is formed at the communication position of the first hole section 211 and the second hole section 212; the loose pull cutter assembly 70 comprises a pull rod 71, the pull rod 71 comprises a first rod section 711, a second rod section 712, a third rod section 713, and a fourth rod section 714 connected in sequence, a second limiting surface is formed at the connection position of the first rod section 711 and the second rod section 712; the first rod section 711 is matched with the first hole section 211, the second rod section 712 is matched with the second hole section 212, the third rod section 713 is connected with the second rod section 712, the diameter of the third rod section 713 is smaller than that of the second rod section 712, the diameter of the fourth rod section 714 is smaller than that of the third rod section 713, a third limiting surface is formed between the second rod section 712 and the third rod section 713, and a fourth limiting surface is formed between the third rod section 713 and the fourth rod section 714; the main shaft further comprises elastic members 150, at least one elastic member 150 is sleeved on the first rod section 711 and abuts between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface; the shaft core assembly 20 further comprises a rear gland 22, the rear gland 22 is sleeved on the third rod section 713 and abuts with the third limiting surface, the rear gland 22 is pressed on the rear end surface of the shaft core 21 and the encoder gear 140 and is fixedly connected with the rear end surface of the shaft core 21 through a fixing member; a first detection unit 81 is sleeved on the fourth rod section 714 and abuts with the fourth limiting surface and is fixedly connected with the third limiting surface through a fixing member, and a second detection unit 82 is installed on the rear cover plate 120 through a fixing seat 83 and located at the radial side of the rear gland 22.The side wall of the cylinder body 51 is provided with a window opposite to the rear gland 22 and the second detection unit 82, the second detection unit 82 can be adjusted through the window, or the outer peripheral surface of the rear gland 22 can be increased or reduced in weight through the window; each of the plurality of pistons 52 has a clearance hole matched with the fourth rod segment 714; the piston 52 closest to the first detection unit 81 among the plurality of pistons 52 is used to drive the first detection unit 81 to move, and the first detection unit 81 drives the pull rod 71 to move. The structure of the main shaft is optimized, which is beneficial to improve the waterproof and sealing performance of the main shaft, reduce the vibration of the main shaft, and facilitate the adjustment and maintenance of the main shaft.

[0069] Optionally, the fixed seat 83 is installed on the rear cover plate 120 through the proximity switch fixed seat fixing screw 3, and the proximity switch unit is installed on the fixed seat 83 through the proximity switch fixed top screw 5.

[0070] Optionally, the weight increase on the outer peripheral surface of the rear gland 22 means that the main shaft further comprises a balance block, and the balance block is installed on the outer peripheral surface of the rear gland 22, so as to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

[0071] Optionally, the balance block is a screw.

[0072] Optionally, the weight reduction on the outer peripheral surface of the rear gland 22 means that part of the material of the rear gland 22 is removed through drilling or other processing methods, so as to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

[0073] Optionally, the main shaft further comprises a bearing spacer ring, the bearing spacer ring is installed at the rear end of the rear bearing assembly 40 and cooperates with the rear cover plate 120, the bearing spacer ring can prevent the rear bearing assembly 40 from being deformed under stress, the encoder gear 140 abuts against the bearing spacer ring, and the encoder gear 140 and the bearing spacer ring can rotate synchronously with the shaft core 21 relative to the rear cover plate 120.

[0074] Optionally, the elastic member 150 is used to apply a force to the pull claw 72 of the loose pull cutter assembly 70, so that the pull claw 72 clamps the cutter 8.

[0075] Optionally, the elastic member 150 is also used to apply a force to the loose pull cutter assembly 70 to move from the loose cutter position to the pull cutter position.

[0076] The application also provides a machine tool, which comprises the main shaft described above or below. The machine tool provided by the application has good machining quality and machining efficiency.

[0077] In order to ensure the deep hole machining effect of the numerical control machine tool, the center water outlet structure is arranged on the machine tool spindle to realize the cooling of the tool. At the same time, the hydraulic station is cancelled to save the cost, and the multi-stage cylinder tool knocking structure is arranged on the machine tool spindle to directly use the compressed air on the machine tool to realize the loose tool clamping. However, when the spindle needs to have the center water outlet function and the pneumatic tool knocking function at the same time, the rear end overhang of the spindle is too long, which affects the high speed dynamic performance of the spindle. The preferred embodiment of the present application can shorten the rear end overhang of the spindle by optimizing the structure of the spindle, and ensure the high speed rotation of the spindle. At the same time, the multi-stage split assembly cylinder body exists the problems of poor assembly precision, complicated installation and high cost. The preferred embodiment of the present application can improve the reliability and precision of the cylinder assembly by setting the integrally formed cylinder body.

[0078] The technical problems solved by the preferred embodiment of the present application at least include: the rear end overhang of the spindle is too long, which causes the poor high speed dynamic performance of the spindle and cannot realize the high speed operation; the split splicing type cylinder precision is difficult to guarantee, and the cylinder reliability is poor; the rotation joint follows the rotation of the spindle, and the vibration problem of the spindle caused by the uneven mass distribution of the rotation joint cannot be effectively solved. The signal adjustment of the spindle proximity switch is difficult, and the rear end cylinder unit needs to be repeatedly assembled and disassembled.

[0079] The preferred embodiment of the present application at least includes the following beneficial effects: the hat-shaped proximity switch detection ring is designed, which can block the water leakage of the spindle rotation joint to the inside of the spindle bearing and motor cavity, thereby protecting the spindle. At the same time, the proximity switch detection disc is made into a hat shape, the proximity switch detection surface is sunk to the encoder detection area, and the detection area is not separately arranged in the axial position, so that the rear end overhang of the spindle is significantly shortened. The multi-stage cylinder body is designed in one piece, the sealing structure between the cylinder bodies is cancelled, the assembly is simple, and the assembly precision is high; the multi-stage piston is integrally assembled through the cylinder fixing screw 7, compared with the competitive product, the multi-stage sealing mechanism of the cylinder body is cancelled, the response speed is fast, and the reliability is high. By opening the window on the side of the spindle, when adjusting the proximity switch of the spindle, the spindle cylinder does not need to be disassembled. At the same time, the vibration problem caused by the spindle rotation joint can also be overall dynamic balance adjusted through the window, avoiding repeatedly disassembling the cylinder. The water leakage structure is designed on the spindle sleeve to fully protect the spindle bearing and motor.

[0080] The inventive points of the preferred embodiments of this application include at least the following: a cap-shaped proximity switch detection ring is designed to prevent water leakage from the spindle rotary joint into the spindle bearing and motor cavity, thereby protecting the spindle. Simultaneously, the rear overhang of the spindle is significantly shortened, enabling the spindle to rotate at high speeds. A multi-stage cylinder body integrated design technology is employed, eliminating the sealing structure between cylinder bodies, resulting in fewer leakage points, simpler assembly, and higher assembly precision; the multi-stage piston is assembled integrally with screws, eliminating the multi-stage sealing mechanism and improving response speed. A detachable window is designed on the side of the spindle, allowing adjustment of the spindle proximity switch and overall dynamic balance without disassembling the spindle cylinder.

[0081] In one optional embodiment of this application, the spindle includes a bushing 11, a spindle core 21, a front bearing assembly 30, a rear bearing assembly 40, and a broach release assembly 70, wherein the front bearing assembly 30 and the rear bearing assembly 40 support the spindle core 21 onto the bushing 11. The broach release assembly 70 is built into the spindle core 21. A cylinder assembly 50 is provided at the rear end of the spindle to release the broach, and a rotary joint 60 is provided at the rear end of the spindle to match the broach release assembly 70 to achieve the center water outlet function. The cylinder assembly 50 includes an integral cylinder body 51 and a piston 52, wherein two-stage piston chambers 510 are provided at both ends of the cylinder body 51. The cylinder body 51 is integrally machined, and a second piston 522 is arranged at the front end. The second piston 522 cooperates with the cylinder body 51 through a third sealing ring 504. A first piston 521 is arranged on the right side. The first piston 521 engages with the cylinder body 51 via a fourth sealing ring 505. The first piston 521 is locked to the second piston 522 via a cylinder fixing screw 7. Simultaneously, the first piston 521 forms a seal with the second piston 522 via a first sealing ring 502. The first piston 521 also forms a seal with the pipeline disc 53 via a sixth sealing ring 507. Cylinder release action: (e.g., ...) Figure 2 Compressed air enters through the knife release air pipe connector 54 and is transmitted to the rear piston chamber 510. The first piston 521 moves forward under force, while compressed air is transmitted to the front piston chamber 510 through the air passage 501 on the first piston 521, causing the second piston 522 to move forward under force, thus achieving simultaneous forward movement of both pistons. The second piston 522 pushes the first detection unit 81, i.e., the cap-shaped proximity switch detection disc, forward, pushing the knife release assembly 70 forward until the front end face of the first piston 521 contacts the positioning end face of the cylinder body 51. At this time, the pull claw 72 at the front end of the knife release assembly 70 releases, and the proximity switch unit, i.e., the second detection unit 82, detects the knife release signal, thus completing the cylinder knife release action. Cylinder reset action: as follows Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, compressed air is introduced from the piston reset air pipe connector 55, and transmitted to the front side of the first piston 521 through the first piston reset pipe 532 and the second piston reset pipe 511, pushing the first piston 521 to move backward. The first piston 521 pulls the second piston 522 backward through the cylinder fixing screw 7 until the rear end face of the first piston 521 touches the end face of the pipe plate 53. At this time, the proximity switch unit detects the cylinder reset signal, thus completing the cylinder reset action. The puller assembly 70 moves to the right, and the internal elastic element 150 pushes the puller 72 to clamp the tool 8, thereby realizing the spindle puller. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this patent designs a hat-shaped proximity switch detection ring, i.e., the first detection unit 81, which is fixed to the broach assembly 70. Simultaneously, a fixing seat 83 is fixed to the rear cover plate 120, and a proximity switch unit, i.e., the second detection unit 82, is fixed to the fixing seat 83. When the hat-shaped proximity switch detection ring is in different positions, the proximity switch unit can detect different position signals, thereby realizing the detection of the status of the spindle broach system. Figure 1 As shown, when a slight leak occurs in the spindle rotary joint 60, the cap-shaped proximity switch detection ring can block the liquid flow path between the spindle bearing and the motor interior. Under the action of centrifugal force, the liquid is thrown onto the inner wall of the cylinder body 51, and then flows to the outside of the spindle along the drain hole 121 on the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12, thus protecting the internal components of the spindle, such as the bearing and motor. A window is opened on the cylinder body 51. When the proximity switch position deviates from the sensing position, the position of the sensor can be adjusted through the window on the cylinder body 51 without disassembling the rear cylinder assembly 50, enabling the proximity switch unit to accurately detect the signal. Simultaneously, for the spindle vibration problem caused by uneven mass distribution in the rotary joint 60, weight can be added or removed through this window on the cylindrical surface of the rear pressure cover 22, thereby adjusting the overall dynamic balance of the spindle and achieving low-vibration, high-speed operation.

[0082] Optionally, since the compressed air pressure is only 0.5 MPa, multiple cylinders can be connected in series. Optionally, it can be set to 2 to 4 cylinders.

[0083] Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure have been specifically shown and described above. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the detailed structures, arrangements, or implementations described herein; rather, this disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements contained within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0084] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0085] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0086] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0087] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0088] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spindle, characterized in that, include: bushing assembly (10); Front bearing assembly (30) and rear bearing assembly (40); A shaft core assembly (20) is mounted inside the bushing assembly (10) via the front bearing assembly (30) and the rear bearing assembly (40); A cylinder assembly (50) is disposed at the axial rear end of the bushing assembly (10); A rotary joint (60) is disposed at the axial rear end of the cylinder assembly (50); A puller assembly (70) is provided, the front end of which is movably disposed within the shaft assembly (20), and the rear end of which passes through the cylinder assembly (50) and is connected to the rotary joint (60). The puller assembly (70) has a center hole (710) and has a puller position for clamping the tool and a release position for releasing the tool. The detection assembly (80) includes a first detection unit (81) and a second detection unit (82). The first detection unit (81) is connected to the middle part of the puller assembly (70), and the second detection unit (82) is fixedly disposed on one side of the puller assembly (70) in the radial direction. The first detection unit (81) and the pull-out knife assembly (70) can move synchronously relative to the second detection unit (82) under the drive of the cylinder assembly (50), and the second detection unit (82) outputs a sensing signal according to the position of the first detection unit (81); At least a portion of the first detection unit (81) bends and extends toward the front end of the puller assembly (70) to the radial side of the rear end of the spindle assembly (20); the second detection unit (82) is disposed on the radial side of the rear end of the spindle assembly (20); the bending structure of the first detection unit (81) cooperates with the second detection unit (82) to shorten the rear end overhang of the spindle.

2. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first detection unit (81) includes an annular structure, which is sleeved on the puller assembly (70), and the outer diameter of the annular structure is larger than the outer diameter of the rear end of the shaft assembly (20). When the rotary joint (60) leaks liquid, the annular structure blocks the liquid and, under centrifugal force, throws the liquid onto the inner wall of the cylinder assembly (50) and / or the bushing assembly (10) to prevent the liquid from flowing to the rear bearing assembly (40) side through the gap between the shaft core assembly (20) and the rear bearing assembly (40).

3. The spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one drain hole (121) is provided on the side wall of the rear end of the cylinder assembly (50) and / or the bushing assembly (10); the liquid can be discharged to the outside of the spindle through the drain hole (121).

4. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first detection unit (81) includes: The first annular segment (811) is sleeved on the loosening and pulling knife assembly (70); The second annular segment (812) has its first axial end connected to the first annular segment (811). The outer diameter of the second annular segment (812) is equal to the outer diameter of the first annular segment (811), and the inner diameter of the second annular segment (812) is greater than the outer diameter of the shaft core assembly (20). The third annular segment (813) is connected to the second axial end of the second annular segment (812). The inner diameter of the third annular segment (813) is equal to the inner diameter of the second annular segment (812), and the outer diameter of the third annular segment (813) is greater than the outer diameter of the second annular segment (812). The second annular segment (812) and the third annular segment (813) are located in front of the first annular segment (811); The second detection unit (82) is located on the radial side of the rear end of the shaft core assembly (20); when the puller assembly (70) is in the puller position, the third annular segment (813) is located on the radial side of the shaft core assembly (20) and cooperates with the second detection unit (82).

5. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder assembly (50) and / or the bushing assembly (10) have windows on their side walls through which the second detection unit (82) can be adjusted.

6. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle also includes a balance block, which is mounted on the spindle core assembly (20) and used to adjust the dynamic balance of the spindle; or Remove some material from the spindle assembly (20) to adjust the dynamic balance of the spindle.

7. The spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cylinder assembly (50) and / or the bushing assembly (10) have windows on their side walls, through which the balance block can be adjusted or part of the material of the shaft core assembly (20) can be removed.

8. The spindle according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that, The main shaft also includes a window cover plate (90) covering the window.

9. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder assembly (50) includes: A cylinder body (51) is integrally formed, and a multi-stage piston chamber (510) is formed inside the cylinder body (51). Multiple pistons (52), each piston chamber (510) is provided with a movable piston (52); the multiple pistons (52) can move synchronously relative to the cylinder body (51); the multiple pistons (52) each have a clearance through hole for the puller assembly (70) to pass through; Among them, the piston (52) closest to the first detection unit (81) among the plurality of pistons (52) can be used to drive the first detection unit (81) and the pull-out knife assembly (70) to move synchronously.

10. The spindle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cylinder assembly (50) further includes a pipe disc (53), which is disposed at the rear end of the cylinder body (51). The pipe disc (53) has a knife release pipe (531) and a first piston reset pipe (532). The cylinder body (51) has a second piston reset pipe (511) connected to the first piston reset pipe (532). The second piston reset pipe (511) is connected to the front end of the first-stage piston chamber (510) closest to the pipe disc (53) in the multi-stage piston chambers (510). The knife release pipe (531) is connected to the rear end of the first-stage piston chamber (510) closest to the pipe disc (53) in the multi-stage piston chambers (510). The cylinder assembly (50) further includes a knife release air pipe connector (54) and a piston reset air pipe connector (55) disposed on the pipe plate (53). The knife release air pipe connector (54) is connected to the knife release pipe (531), and the piston reset air pipe connector (55) is connected to the first piston reset pipe (532).

11. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main shaft also includes a cooperating motor rotor (100) and motor stator (110). The motor stator (110) is located on the outer periphery of the motor rotor (100). The motor stator (110) and the motor rotor (100) are installed between the shaft core assembly (20) and the bushing assembly (10), and between the front bearing assembly (30) and the rear bearing assembly (40). The motor rotor (100) is linked to the shaft core assembly (20).

12. The spindle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bushing assembly (10) includes a bushing (11), a rear bearing housing positioning sleeve (12), and a rear bearing housing (13). The rear bearing housing positioning sleeve (12) has at least one drain hole (121) on its side wall. A positioning sleeve sealing ring (1) is provided between the rear bearing housing positioning sleeve (12) and the bushing (11). The rear bearing housing (13) is connected to the rear bearing housing positioning sleeve (12). A rear bearing housing sealing ring (2) is provided between the rear bearing housing (13) and the rear bearing housing positioning sleeve (12). The rear bearing assembly (40) is mounted on the rear bearing housing (13). The cylinder body (51) is located at the rear end of the rear bearing housing positioning sleeve (12). The shaft core assembly (20) includes a shaft core (21), the front end of which is connected to the bushing (11) via the front bearing assembly (30), and the rear end of which is connected to the rear bearing seat (13) via the rear bearing assembly (40); the rear end of which extends from the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve (12) and extends into the first-stage piston chamber (510) of the multi-stage piston chamber (510) closest to the rear bearing assembly (40); The main shaft also includes a rear cover plate (120), an encoder (130), and an encoder gear (140). The rear cover plate (120) is sleeved on the shaft core (21) and covers the rear bearing assembly (40) and the rear bearing seat (13). The encoder gear (140) is sleeved on the shaft core (21) and located at the rear end of the rear cover plate (120). The encoder (130) is disposed at the rear end of the rear cover plate (120) and located on the radial side of the encoder gear (140). The shaft core (21) includes a first hole segment (211) and a second hole segment (212) that are connected. The diameter of the second hole segment (212) is larger than the diameter of the first hole segment (211). A first limiting surface is formed at the connection between the first hole segment (211) and the second hole segment (212). The puller assembly (70) includes a pull rod (71), which includes a first rod segment (711), a second rod segment (712), a third rod segment (713), and a fourth rod segment (714) connected together. A second limiting surface is formed at the connection between the first rod segment (711) and the second rod segment (712). The first rod segment (711) is adapted to the first hole segment (211), the second rod segment (712) is adapted to the second hole segment (212), the third rod segment (713) is connected to the second rod segment (712), the diameter of the third rod segment (713) is smaller than the diameter of the second rod segment (712), the diameter of the fourth rod segment (714) is smaller than the diameter of the third rod segment (713), a third limiting surface is formed between the second rod segment (712) and the third rod segment (713), and a fourth limiting surface is formed between the third rod segment (713) and the fourth rod segment (714). The main shaft also includes an elastic element (150), at least one of the elastic elements (150) being sleeved on the first rod segment (711) and abutting between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface; The shaft core assembly (20) also includes a rear cover (22), which is sleeved on the third rod segment (713) and abuts against the third limiting surface. The rear cover (22) is pressed against the rear end face of the shaft core (21) and the encoder gear (140) and is fixedly connected to the rear end face of the shaft core (21) by a fastener. The first detection unit (81) is sleeved on the fourth rod segment (714) and abuts against the fourth limiting surface, and is fixedly connected to the third limiting surface by a fastener. The second detection unit (82) is installed on the rear cover plate (120) by a fixing seat (83) and is located on the radial side of the rear pressure cover (22). The cylinder body (51) has a window on its side wall that is opposite to the rear cover (22) and the second detection unit (82). The second detection unit (82) can be adjusted through the window, or the weight can be increased or decreased on the outer peripheral surface of the rear cover (22) through the window. Each of the plurality of pistons (52) has a clearance through hole adapted to the fourth rod segment (714); the piston (52) closest to the first detection unit (81) among the plurality of pistons (52) is used to drive the first detection unit (81) to move, and the first detection unit (81) drives the pull rod (71) to move.

13. A machine tool, characterized in that, The machine tool includes the spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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