An upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species

Abstract

An upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species includes a dam body and a fishway provided on one side of the dam body. The fishway includes a bottom plate and side walls provided on both sides of the bottom plate. The bottom plate and the side walls on both sides thereof form a flow-through channel, and a plurality of T-shaped piers are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction in the flow-through channel; the T-shaped pier includes a long side of the T-shaped pier parallel to the water flow direction and a short side of the T-shaped pier perpendicular to the water flow direction; the long side of the T-shaped pier and the short side of the T-shaped pier are perpendicular to each other, and the long side of the T-shaped pier faces the upstream side; side short baffles are provided on the side walls on both sides at the corresponding positions of each long side of the T-shaped pier, and the long side of the T-shaped pier extends into the interval formed between the two side short baffles; a pool chamber is formed in the area between two pairs of side short baffles along the upstream direction. The pool chamber is divided into two large recirculation zones up and down between the T-shaped piers in the direction of the water flow, and a small recirculation zone is formed behind the side short baffles. The flow velocity in the recirculation zone is relatively small, which greatly reduces the main flow velocity in the pool chamber to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and particularly to an upstream structure suitable for multi-target fish. Background Art

[0002] Some water conservancy buildings have blocked the connection of river systems and damaged the aquatic environment of rivers. Therefore, the reproduction and foraging of the entire fish population have been severely hindered, resulting in a sharp decline in the species and quantity of fish. In order to restore the connectivity of rivers and the longitudinal movement of fish, fishways are usually built.

[0003] Typical fishways include the Denil fishway, the pool and weir fishway (PWF), the same-side / opposite-side vertical slot fishway (VSF), and the natural-like fishway (NLF). The Denil fishway is a straight rectangular water trough, and the inclination angle of the partition at the bottom of the water trough is 45°, and the slope is usually 15%-25%, which is not suitable for small fish (less than 250-300 mm). Katopodis et al. (1997) determined the relationship between the dimensionless flow and the relative flow depth of standard and non-standard Denil fishways. Mallen-Cooper and Stuart (2007) observed that the Denil fishway with a lower slope (i.e., 8.3%) has the potential to pass a wide range of fish, which means that the application of this type of fishway can be greatly expanded by manipulating design parameters. Most existing fishways are targeted at large-sized high-priority fish species such as salmon. Therefore, fish with weaker swimming abilities fail to rise effectively due to the water flow velocity exceeding the swimming ability of the fish. Considering that the goal is to protect biodiversity, it is necessary to consider the swimming ability of the entire fish community. Although fishways should allow 90% to 100% of adult fish to migrate successfully to reduce habitat fragmentation, some researchers have pointed out that the average channel efficiency of existing fishways is only 41.7%, far lower than the ideal level. There are mainly two reasons for the poor fish passage effect of fishways, namely the structural design of the fishway itself and the environmental conditions inside the fishway.

[0004] At present, the design parameters of fishways in China (structural dimension design, hydraulic condition design, and environmental impact within the fishway, etc.) mostly rely on the swimming ability of the main fish passage objects in the basin where the fishway is located. Moreover, the vertical-slot fishway is mostly adopted in China. Due to the maturity of the research on the vertical-slot fishway, it is widely used in engineering projects. However, the vertical-slot fishway also has certain drawbacks. For example, in the same fishway, there is only one path, i.e., the vertical slot, suitable for fish to swim upstream, without providing more options for fish to choose paths. And the fish passage effect caused by building the same type of vertical-slot fishway in projects with different fish passage requirements remains to be investigated. For example, the patent application with the publication number CN114319261A discloses a vertical-slot fishway with H-shaped piers and short baffles. Although this vertical-slot fishway reduces the flow velocity in the pool chamber by changing and adding baffles of different lengths and reduces the resistance of the water flow for fish to swim upstream, it does not provide a multi-channel option for fish to swim upstream to the next pool chamber after entering the pool chamber. It is still the same as the traditional opposite-side / same-side vertical-slot fishway, only providing a single upstream vertical slot at the long baffle on the side in each pool chamber unit, restricting the number of upstream outlets. Another example is the patent application with the publication number CN114319260A, which discloses a combined fishway with multiple vertical slots and rectangular weirs. This fishway provides multiple upstream channels for fish and sufficient rest areas for fish. However, the existence of the rectangular weir in this new type of fishway will cause sediment accumulation in the fishway. As the sediment accumulation increases, the weir channel will affect the fish passage effect, and finally only the upstream channel between the middle L-shaped long baffle and the short baffle on the side is retained. Moreover, the above two new types of fishways only consider the change of hydraulic conditions inside the fishway (turbulent kinetic energy, flow velocity, turbulent intensity, etc.). However, the environmental factors, such as the water temperature inside the fishway, also affect the fish passage effect. These two new types of fishways do not consider this aspect. Especially for large reservoirs with obvious water temperature stratification in the reservoir area, controlling the water temperature difference inside the fishway through the fishway outlet (water flow inlet) or other positions of the fishway. Therefore, it is far from enough to only ensure the single-factor (hydraulic factor and environmental factor) that affects the fish passage effect.

[0005] For fishways, fish locks or fish elevators, the fish collection and attraction effect in the inlet area of the fish passage facility is also one of the key factors determining whether the fish passage facility can play its due role and effect. Current research at home and abroad mostly focuses on the hydrodynamic conditions in the inlet of the fish passage facility, such as flow velocity distribution and water flow pattern. However, for most fish passage facilities of high dam projects, in addition to hydrodynamic conditions, the influence of the temperature difference effect caused by water temperature stratification in the reservoir area also needs to be considered. The temperature difference effect has little impact on the hydrodynamic conditions near the inlet, and the affected area mainly depends on the fishway flow rate, while the water temperature value on the shore depends on the magnitude of the temperature difference; increasing the flow rate of the open channel will increase the difficulty for upstream fish to find the fishway inlet; the sample quantity of fish ascending along the cold water area accounts for 39% of the total samples, and the sample quantity of fish ascending along the warm water area accounts for 61% of the total samples. Thus, it can be seen that the warm water area is more attractive to migratory fish; the temperature difference effect is conducive to migratory fish finding the fishway inlet and gathering in the inlet area to a certain extent. Compared with the cold water area, the attempt rate of fish entering the fishway inlet in the effective warm water area has increased by 17 percentage points. The research results can provide a new idea for relevant personnel to try to adjust the upstream migration route of migratory fish by changing the water temperature, improve the fish collection and attraction at the fishway inlet, and thus enhance the fish passage effect of the fishway. Most reservoirs in China belong to the water temperature stratification type, and the temperature difference between the surface and bottom layers of the reservoir is very large. For example, the maximum temperature difference between the surface and bottom layers of the Guangzhao Hydropower Station reservoir reported by Chen Dong is about 11°C, and the Nuozhadu Hydropower Station reported by Li Kun reaches 13°C. However, the upstream water supply system of the fish passage facility usually takes water from the surface layer of the reservoir, and its water temperature is relatively high. The water intake elevation of the power station inlet is relatively low, and the discharged water temperature is relatively low. Even if the measure of stratified water intake with stop logs is adopted, the tail water temperature of the power station is still significantly lower than the water temperature of the reservoir surface layer, resulting in the water temperature of the outflow at the fishway inlet being higher than the ambient water temperature, forming a temperature difference effect. Taking the Guangzhao Hydropower Station project as an example, from July to September is the main fish passage period. The water temperature of the reservoir surface layer reaches 27 - 28°C, while the on-site monitored water temperature of the downstream river channel with stratified water intake by stop logs is only 19 - 21°C, that is, the temperature difference between the outflow water temperature of the fish passage facility and the ambient water flow is 8°C. According to the research results of scholars such as Walberg E and Sullivan C M, fish are extremely sensitive to the water temperature of the water flow. Even a water temperature change of 0.03 - 0.10°C will have an impact on fish activities. Thus, it can be seen that the temperature difference effect existing in the fish passage facilities of high dams may have a certain direct impact on the upstream migration and aggregation of migratory fish. In existing research, the research on the influence of water temperature on fish mostly focuses on the analysis carried out around biological indicators, and the test method is basically to raise the water temperature in a static water body and then observe the changes in fish biological indicators.For example, patent publications such as CN107372281A (An Experimental Biological Observation Device for Fishes and Its Usage Method), CN112931310A (A Temperature and Light Regulation Method for Promoting Maturation of Takifugu rubripes Broodstock), and CN109526813A (An Experimental Device for Testing Fish Temperature Preference) etc. All of the above patents either test the swimming behavior of fish under a certain uniform water temperature condition by changing the water temperature in a constant temperature water tank, and do not combine the swimming behavior affected by temperature with the method of reducing the longitudinal temperature difference effect in the fishway. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main object of the present invention is to propose an ascending structure applicable to multiple target fish species, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes an ascending structure applicable to multiple target fish species, including a dam body and a fishway arranged on one side of the dam body. The fishway includes a bottom plate and side walls arranged on both sides of the bottom plate. The bottom plate and the side walls on both sides of it form a flow-through channel, and a plurality of T-shaped piers are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction in the flow-through channel; the T-shaped pier includes a long side of the T-shaped pier parallel to the water flow direction and a short side of the T-shaped pier perpendicular to the water flow direction; the long side of the T-shaped pier and the short side of the T-shaped pier are perpendicular to each other, and the long side of the T-shaped pier faces the upstream side; side short baffles are arranged on the side walls on both sides at the corresponding positions of each long side of the T-shaped pier, and the long side of the T-shaped pier extends into the interval formed between the two side short baffles; the area between two pairs of side short baffles along the ascending direction forms a pool chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the upstream section of the fishway is connected to the upstream of the reservoir area through a shore intake pipeline for leading the water from the upstream of the reservoir area to the upstream section of the fishway; a plurality of intake pipes are arranged at different elevations on the dam body, and the plurality of intake pipes converge to a downstream intake pipe, and the downstream intake pipe is connected to a downstream water storage tower, and the downstream water storage tower is connected to the downstream section of the fishway through a downstream water inlet pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the water inlet end of the shore intake pipeline takes the water flows of the low-temperature layer and the middle-temperature layer in the upstream of the reservoir area and leads them to the upstream section of the fishway.

[0010] Preferably, a slope water storage tower is arranged at the slope of the upstream of the reservoir area, and a plurality of water inlet ports are arranged vertically along the water depth on the slope water storage tower, and electromagnetic valves are arranged at the water inlet ports for controlling the flow rate of water entering the slope water storage tower; a maintenance port is arranged at the top of the slope water storage tower, and a transparent observation window is arranged at the maintenance port; the shore intake pipeline is connected to the slope water storage tower, and a working valve and a maintenance valve are arranged on the shore intake pipeline.

[0011] Preferably, the downstream water inlet pipe and each pool chamber of the downstream section of the fishway are respectively connected through a downstream water inlet corridor.

[0012] Preferably, a side wall drainage pipe is provided inside the side wall, and water outlet holes are provided on the wall surface of the side wall corresponding to each pool chamber position. The water outlet holes communicate with the side wall drainage pipe; the downstream water storage tower is connected to the side wall drainage pipe on the downstream section of the fishway through the downstream side wall intake corridor.

[0013] Preferably, when the dam height is greater than 30 meters, an upstream water storage tower is provided between the upstream section of the fishway and the shore intake pipe; the upstream water storage tower is connected to the side wall drainage pipe through the upstream side wall intake pipe; the upstream water storage tower is also connected to each pool chamber of the upstream section of the fishway through the upstream intake pipe respectively.

[0014] Preferably, when the dam height is 10 meters to 30 meters, the shore intake pipe directly diverts water to the upstream section of the fishway, and an anti-escape net is provided at the junction of the shore intake pipe and the upstream section of the fishway; the shore intake pipe is a water intake tunnel or culvert provided in the slope or mountain body. The shore intake pipe is divided into upper and lower pipes in the vertical direction, and a first water intake solenoid valve and a second water intake solenoid valve are respectively provided on the upper and lower pipes; intake gates are provided at the water inlets of the upper and lower pipes; the intake gates are connected to the hoist through steel cables.

[0015] Preferably, the length b of the side short baffle 0 The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 5:44; the width I of the side short baffle 0 The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 4:44; the vertical distance b from the side short baffle to the long side of the T-shaped pier s1 The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 15:44; the horizontal distance I from the side short baffle to the short side of the T-shaped pier 0 ’ The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 18:55; the ratio of the length L of a pool chamber to the pool chamber width B is 75:55; the vertical distance b from the side short baffle to the long side of the T-shaped pier s1 The ratio to the length L of the pool chamber is 3:12; the length L of the long side of the T-shaped pier t The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 70:110; the length B of the short side of the T-shaped pier t The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 51:110; the T-shaped pier is in the exact middle of the bottom plate of the flow-through channel, and the vertical distance b from the short side of the T-shaped pier to the side wall s2 The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 29.5:110.

[0016] Preferably, the water intake pipe includes a medium-temperature layer water intake pipe disposed at the medium-temperature layer and a low-temperature layer water intake pipe disposed at the low-temperature layer; inlet gates are respectively arranged at the inlet ends of the medium-temperature layer water intake pipe and the low-temperature layer water intake pipe; the medium-temperature layer water intake pipe converges to the downstream water intake pipe through the medium-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor, and the low-temperature layer water intake pipe converges to the downstream water intake pipe through the low-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor. A low-medium temperature layer demarcation electric gate is arranged on the pipeline between the intersections of the medium-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor, the low-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor and the downstream water intake pipe to adjust the water intake ratio of the low and medium temperature layers; a medium-temperature layer outlet gate is arranged at the outlet end of the medium-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor, and a low-temperature layer outlet gate is arranged at the outlet end of the low-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] (1) In the present invention, a plurality of T-shaped piers are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction in the flow-through channel. Since the long side of the T-shaped pier evenly divides the water flow in the flow-through channel into two directions, in the chamber formed between the two pairs of side short baffles along the upstream direction, the chamber is divided into two large recirculation zones up and down between the T-shaped piers in the water flow direction, and a small recirculation zone is formed behind the side short baffle in the water flow direction. Therefore, compared with the traditional vertical slot fishway chamber, the chamber of the fishway in the present invention is increased to four relatively uniform-sized and relatively evenly-positioned recirculation zones. The flow velocity in the recirculation zones is relatively small, which greatly reduces the mainstream flow velocity in the chamber to a certain extent. The recirculation zones are usually used as the rest areas for fish. Compared with the traditional vertical slot fishway, the fishway in the present invention has two pairs of symmetrically distributed recirculation zones, which can provide a richer rest area for fish and is also beneficial to providing better upstream hydraulic conditions for fish with weaker swimming ability (such as Cobitidae fish). When reaching the same water depth inside the traditional vertical slot fishway, the fishway in the present invention consumes less water, which can save the water intake of the fishway to a certain extent for fishways with relatively scarce water resources and fish passage requirements.

[0019] (2) In the present invention, by arranging the T-shaped piers, two fish channels and four recirculation zones are formed in the fishway. The recirculation zones are relatively uniform in size and relatively evenly distributed in position. Due to the existence of the two fish channels, it also means that the mainstream occupies more space, reducing the along-channel flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence intensity inside the chamber. Compared with the traditional vertical slot fishway, the fishway in the present invention has the best hydraulic performance, that is, relatively suitable water flow conditions; it is beneficial for the passage of the entire fish community, especially for small fish with weaker swimming ability. Thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of the chamber. Providing a richer rest area for fish and effectively reducing the water flow velocity and turbulence.

[0020] (3) In the present invention, the upstream section of the fishway is connected to the upstream of the reservoir area through a shore water diversion pipeline, which is used to divert the water from the upstream of the reservoir area to the upstream section of the fishway; a plurality of water diversion pipes are arranged at different elevations on the dam body, and the plurality of water diversion pipes converge to a downstream water diversion pipe, the downstream water diversion pipe is connected to a downstream water storage tower, and the downstream water storage tower is connected to the downstream section of the fishway through a downstream water inlet pipe. With this structure, considering that the water supply system upstream of the general fishway takes water from the surface layer, during the main season of fish upstream migration, the temperature of the water entering the fishway will be relatively high due to the water layer temperature difference in the reservoir area, and the temperature difference from the temperature before the fish enter the fishway inlet is relatively large. The fish cannot adapt to the relatively high water temperature inside the fishway in a short time, which causes a certain temperature barrier to the fish upstream migration. In this regard, a method of stratified water intake for the upstream water supply system of the fishway under different reservoir shore topographies and different dam heights is also proposed to avoid the direct impact that the temperature difference effect existing inside the fishway may have on the upstream migration and aggregation of migratory fish.

[0021] (4) Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an upstream structure based on the mitigation of the along - the - way temperature difference effect and applicable to multi - target fish. The present invention designs a new combined fishway with better hydraulic conditions and a structure more suitable for fish upstream migration and a method for reducing the temperature difference effect of the upstream water supply system of the fishway entering the fishway interior on the basis of the traditional vertical - slot fishway. Considering comprehensively, the present invention is supported by starting from two aspects: the optimization design of the fishway structure itself and the along - the - way temperature inside the fishway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a three - dimensional schematic diagram of the fishway in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a flow pattern schematic diagram of the fishway in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a two - dimensional plane schematic diagram of the fishway in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is an overall schematic diagram of the water intake method when the dam height in the present invention is greater than 30 meters;

[0027] Figure 5 It is an enlarged view of the water intake method when the dam height in the present invention is greater than 30 meters;

[0028] Figure 6Schematic diagram and transverse and longitudinal sectional views of the shore intake pipeline when the dam height in the present invention is greater than 30 meters;

[0029] Figure 7 Transverse sectional view of the shore intake pipeline and schematic diagram of the slope water storage tower when the dam height in the present invention is greater than 30 meters;

[0030] Figure 8 Overall schematic diagram of the water intake method when the dam height in the present invention is 10 to 30 meters;

[0031] Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the shore intake pipeline when the dam height in the present invention is 10 to 30 meters;

[0032] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the intake pipes provided at different elevations on the dam in the present invention and schematic diagram of the water temperature stratification type in the reservoir area in front of the dam;

[0033] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the water temperature test at different water depths in the reservoir area;

[0034] Figure 12 Flow chart of the water supply method in the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of the reference numerals in the attached drawings:

[0036] 1. Side short baffle; 2. Long side of the T-shaped pier; 3. Short side of the T-shaped pier; 4. Side; 5. Side wall; 6. Bottom plate; 7. Water outlet hole; 701. Downward discharge pipeline of the side wall; 8. Medium-temperature layer water intake pipe; 801. Medium-temperature layer intake pipe corridor; 9. Inlet pipe gate; 901. Medium-temperature layer water outlet gate; 10. Low-temperature layer water intake pipe; 1001. Low-temperature layer intake pipe corridor; 1002. Low-temperature layer water outlet gate; 1003. Downstream intake pipe; 11. Electric gate at the boundary between the low and medium-temperature layers; 12. Downstream water storage tower; 1201. Downstream side wall water intake corridor; 13. Upstream water storage tower; 1301. Upstream side wall intake pipe; 1302. Upstream inlet pipe; 14. Shore intake pipeline; 1401. Inlet tower opening; 1402. Slope water storage tower; 1403. Transparent observation window; 1501. Hoist; 1502. Steel cable; 1503. Slope or mountain body; 1504. First water intake solenoid valve; 1505. Second water intake solenoid valve; 1506. Inlet gate; 1507. Riverbed bottom; 16. Downstream inlet pipe; 1601. Downstream water intake corridor. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If this specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0039] In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0040] As shown in the accompanying drawings, an upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species includes a dam body and a fishway provided on one side of the dam body. The fishway includes a bottom plate 6 and side walls 5 provided on both sides of the bottom plate 6. The bottom plate 6 and the side walls 5 on both sides thereof form a flow-through channel, and at the same time, this flow-through channel also constitutes the upstream channel for fish.

[0041] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of T-shaped piers are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction in the flow-through channel; the T-shaped piers include a long side 2 of the T-shaped pier parallel to the water flow direction and a short side 3 of the T-shaped pier perpendicular to the water flow direction; the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier and the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier are perpendicular to each other, and the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier faces the upstream side; side short baffles 1 are provided on the side walls 5 on both sides at the corresponding positions of each long side 2 of the T-shaped pier, and the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier extends into the interval formed between the two side short baffles 1; a pool chamber is formed in the area between two pairs of side short baffles 1 along the upstream direction. The long side 2 of the T-shaped pier evenly divides the water flow in the flow-through channel into two directions. For the convenience of construction and maintenance of the inside of the channel, the T-shaped piers adopt a precast slab structure, and during construction, the precast T-shaped piers can be embedded into the bottom plate 6, and the bottom of the T-shaped pier is connected and fixed to the bottom plate 6 with bolts.

[0042] Combined with Figure 2As shown, the side short baffle 1 is located at the corresponding position between the long sides 2 of the T-shaped piers. In each pool chamber, there are two large recirculation zones, upper and lower, between the T-shaped piers in the water flow direction, and a small recirculation zone is formed behind the side short baffle 1 in the water flow direction.

[0043] Combined with Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the specific dimensional requirements of the fishway are as follows:

[0044] The length b of the side short baffle 1 0 The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 5:44;

[0045] The width I of the side short baffle 1 0 The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 4:44;

[0046] The vertical distance b from the side short baffle 1 to the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier s1 The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 15:44;

[0047] The horizontal distance I from the side short baffle 1 to the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier 0 ’The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 18:55;

[0048] The ratio of the length L of one pool chamber to the pool chamber width B is 75:55;

[0049] The vertical distance b from the side short baffle 1 to the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier s1 The ratio to the length L of the pool chamber is 3:12;

[0050] The length L of the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier t The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 70:110;

[0051] The length B of the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier t The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 51:110;

[0052] The T-shaped pier is located in the exact middle of the bottom plate 6 of the flow-through channel. The vertical distance b from the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier to the side wall 5 s2 The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 29.5:110.

[0053] Furthermore, the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier and the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier are perpendicular to each other. Excluding the thickness I 0 Of the remaining length b 1 The ratio to the length B of the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier t Is 0.41:1.02; The horizontal distance d between the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier and the side short baffle 1 0 The ratio to the length L of the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier t Is 0.48:1.40; The length L of the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier t The ratio to the length B of the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier tThe ratio is 1.40:1.02; the length I from the side short baffle 1 to the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier 0 ’ and the length L of the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier t The ratio is 0.72:1.40.

[0054] The width I of the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier 0 and the length L of the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier t The ratio is 1:7, and the thickness I of the T-shaped pier 0 is equal to that of the side short baffle 1. The length I from the side short baffle 1 to the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier 0 ’ and the ratio of the length of the pool chamber is 0.72:3.00, and the width I of the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier 0 and the ratio of the length of the pool chamber is 0.2:3.0. 0

[0055] In this embodiment, corresponding water supply systems are provided for the upstream section and the downstream section of the fishway respectively. Specifically as follows:

[0056] Combined with Figure 4 、 Figure 8 As shown, the upstream section of the fishway is connected to the upstream of the reservoir area through the shore water diversion pipeline 14, which is used to divert the water from the upstream of the reservoir area to the upstream section of the fishway; a plurality of water diversion pipes are arranged at different elevations on the dam body, and the plurality of water diversion pipes converge to the downstream water diversion pipe 1003, and the downstream water diversion pipe 1003 is connected to the downstream water storage tower 12, and the downstream water storage tower 12 is connected to the downstream section of the fishway through the downstream water inlet pipe 16. The water inlet end of the shore water diversion pipeline 14 takes the water flow of the low-temperature layer and the medium-temperature layer in the upstream of the reservoir area and diverts it to the upstream section of the fishway.

[0057] Combined with Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, a slope water storage tower 1402 is arranged at the slope of the upstream of the reservoir area. A plurality of water inlet ports 1401 are arranged vertically along the water depth on the slope water storage tower 1402. The purpose of arranging the plurality of water inlet ports 1401 is to improve the water inlet efficiency of the water storage tower and the entry of water at different water temperature layers. The water inlet port 1401 is provided with an electromagnetic valve for controlling the flow rate into the slope water storage tower 1402; a maintenance port is arranged at the top of the slope water storage tower 1402, and a transparent observation window 1403 is arranged at the maintenance port; the shore water diversion pipeline 14 is connected to the slope water storage tower 1402, and a working valve 1404 and a maintenance valve 1405 are arranged on the shore water diversion pipeline 14. The transparent observation window 1403 is arranged to facilitate the observation of the water level. When the water level of the reservoir area is lower than the normal storage level, the maintenance port is convenient for maintenance personnel to enter and repair the slope water storage tower 1402.

[0058] Combined with Figure 4 、 Figure 8 ​As shown in the figure, in the water supply system of the downstream section of the fishway, the water intake pipe includes a middle-temperature layer water intake pipe 8 arranged at the middle-temperature layer and a low-temperature layer water intake pipe 10 arranged at the low-temperature layer; inlet gates 9 are respectively arranged at the inlet ends of the middle-temperature layer water intake pipe 8 and the low-temperature layer water intake pipe 10; the middle-temperature layer water intake pipe 8 converges to the downstream water intake pipe 1003 through the middle-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor 801, and the low-temperature layer water intake pipe 10 converges to the downstream water intake pipe 1003 through the low-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor 1001. A low-middle temperature layer demarcation electric gate 11 is arranged on the pipeline between the intersections of the middle-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor 801, the low-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor 1001 and the downstream water intake pipe 1003 for adjusting the water intake ratio of the low and middle temperature layers; a middle-temperature layer outlet gate 901 is arranged at the outlet end of the middle-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor 801, and a low-temperature layer outlet gate 1002 is arranged at the outlet end of the low-temperature layer water intake pipe corridor 1001. The downstream water intake pipe 16 is respectively connected to each chamber of the downstream section of the fishway through the downstream water intake corridor 1601. By using the low-middle temperature layer demarcation electric gate 11, the water intake ratio of the low and middle temperature layers can be automatically adjusted according to the water temperature in the fishway. Water with two different water temperatures enters the downstream water storage tower 12 through the downstream water intake pipe 1003, and the water temperature of the downstream water storage tower 12 is T 低 ~T 中 , and the inflow rate is Q 下储水塔总 .

[0059] Furthermore, a side wall discharge pipeline 701 is arranged inside the side wall 5, and water outlet holes 7 are arranged on the wall surface of the side wall 5 corresponding to each chamber position. The water outlet holes 7 are communicated with the side wall discharge pipeline 701; the downstream water storage tower 12 is connected to the side wall discharge pipeline 701 on the downstream section of the fishway through the downstream side wall water intake corridor 1201.

[0060] In this embodiment, to meet the temperature difference mitigation effect inside the fishway and prevent water leakage, the width and height of the downstream water storage tower 12 are respectively set to 3m, the bottom plate thickness of the downstream water storage tower 12 is 1m, the side wall thickness of the downstream water storage tower 12 is 0.50m, and the material is heat-insulating and heat-preserving concrete. To facilitate the automatic flow of water in the downstream water storage tower 12 into the fishway, the design elevation of the downstream water storage tower 12 is higher than the elevation of the downstream section of the fishway. The downstream water storage tower 12 flows into the fishway in two forms. One is through the downstream water intake pipe 16, and in the inclined direction from upstream to downstream, it enters the fishway chamber through the downstream water intake corridor 1601 in turn. The flow rate of each downstream water intake corridor 1601 is Q 下1 , Q 下2 , Q 下3 ……Q 下n ; the other is through the downstream side wall water intake corridor 1201 into the side wall discharge pipeline 701 prefabricated inside the side wall 5, and then flows into the corresponding chamber from the water outlet holes 7.

[0061] The stratified water temperature in the reservoir area of the dam will change significantly due to the migration of different water storage heights. There are significant differences in the water temperature stratification in the reservoir areas of high dams and low dams. According to relevant research, when the water storage height is above 10m, there will be obvious water temperature stratification in the reservoir area. In the present invention, classification is carried out according to different dam heights. The dam height of the low dam is between 10 and 30m; the dam height of the medium dam is 30 to 70m; the dam height of the high dam is above 70m.

[0062] Combined with Figure 4 、 Figure 5 As shown, for medium dams and high dams, that is, when the dam height is greater than 30 meters, in the water supply system of the upstream section of the fishway, an upstream water storage tower 13 is provided between the upstream section of the fishway and the shore intake pipeline 14; the upstream water storage tower 13 is connected to the side wall discharge pipeline 701 through the upstream side wall water intake pipe 1301; the upstream water storage tower 13 is also connected to each chamber of the upstream section of the fishway through the upstream water inlet pipe 1302 respectively.

[0063] In the preferred solution, in the upstream water supply system, the surface water temperature at the inlet of the fishway is also reduced and neutralized through upstream water diversion. Through the shore intake pipeline 14, the water temperature of T 低 ~T 中 in the reservoir area is taken and enters the upstream water storage tower 13. The water temperature in the upstream water storage tower 13 is also T 低 ~T 中 , the inlet flow rate is Q 上储水塔总 , and the material requirements for the upper water storage tower 13 and the downstream water storage tower 12 are the same. After the water flow enters the upstream water storage tower 13, it enters the interior of the upstream section of the fishway through the upstream side wall water intake pipe 1301 and the upstream water inlet pipe 1302 of the upstream water storage tower 13. The way of entering the interior of the fishway is the same as the water supply method of the downstream section of the fishway. It enters the inner side wall of the upstream section of the fishway through the side wall discharge pipeline 701 and flows into the corresponding chamber from the water outlet 7; the water flow also enters the interior of the fishway chamber through the upstream water inlet pipe 1302. The flow rate of each upstream water inlet pipe 1302 is Q 上1 , Q 上2 , Q 上3 ……, Q 上n .

[0064] The side wall discharge pipeline 701 runs through the interior of the fishway side wall along the whole process. The downstream water storage tower 12 and the upstream water storage tower 13 are distributed in front of and behind the dam to store water respectively.

[0065] In the water supply system of the upstream section of the fishway, when the high-temperature surface water T 高 in the reservoir area enters the interior of the fishway, affected by the temperature reduction and neutralization of the upstream water storage tower 13 and the downstream water storage tower 12, the temperature at the inlet position of the fishway is basically reduced to T 低 ~T 中 , thus changing the influence of the temperature difference effect inside the fishway on the upstream migration of fish and improving the fish passing effect.

[0066] Combined with Figure 8 As shown, for a low dam, that is, when the dam height is 10 meters to 30 meters, the length of the fishway is relatively shorter compared to medium and high dams, and the slope of the fishway is also gentler. Considering the water resource scheduling between upstream and downstream, only one sidewall intake is reserved at the position of the fishway intake, while the downstream sidewall intake still adopts the intake method of the downstream water storage tower. For the low dam, water is directly diverted to the upstream section of the fishway through the shore intake pipeline 14, and an anti-escape net is provided at the junction between the shore intake pipeline 14 and the upstream section of the fishway; the main purpose of the anti-escape net is to prevent fish from entering the shore intake pipeline 14.

[0067] Different from medium and high dams, the water temperature stratification in the reservoir area in front of the low dam is relatively less obvious. Therefore, the low-temperature water entering the fishway needs to be taken from the upstream position in front of the dam, such as through a slope culvert or a short tunnel. The elevation of the shore tunnel or culvert should be higher than the elevation of the fishway intake. Therefore, the shore intake pipeline 14 is a water intake tunnel or culvert arranged in the slope or mountain body 1503. To facilitate maintenance and control of the flow rate entering the shore intake pipeline 14, the shore intake pipeline 14 is divided into upper and lower pipelines in the vertical direction, and a first water intake solenoid valve 1504 and a second water intake solenoid valve 1505 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower pipelines to control the flow rate; intake gates 1506 are arranged at the water inlets of the upper and lower pipelines; the intake gates 1506 are connected to the hoist 1501 through steel cables 1502, and the height of the intake gates 1506 can be adjusted according to different intake water temperatures. The intake gates 1506 are adjusted through the steel cables 1502 of the hoist 1501.

[0068] To facilitate the maintenance of the intake gates 1506, the intake gates 1506 adopt the form of one gate with two leaves, that is, each time the intake gates 1506 are lifted or lowered, they can be lifted as a whole page or a single page. The bottom of the intake gates 1506 is connected to the riverbed bottom 1507.

[0069] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, it is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fishway in the present invention

[0070] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, it is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fishway in the present invention. The arrow represents the water flow direction. When the water flow passes through the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier in the middle, the water flow will be divided into two streams. Due to the constriction effect, a large flow velocity area is formed between the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier and the side short baffle 1, and large and small recirculation areas are respectively formed behind the side short baffle 1 and the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier, specifically as Figure 2 shown

[0071] Combined with Figure 3 As shown, it is a two-dimensional plane schematic diagram of the fishway in the present invention. Specifically, the width B of the pool chamber is 2.2 m; the length L of the pool chamber is 3.0 m, and the length b of the side short baffle 10 is 0.25 m, the length L of the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier t is 1.4 m, the horizontal distance d between the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier and the short baffle 1 on the side 0 is 0.48 m, the vertical distance b from the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier to the side wall 5 of the fishway s2 is 0.59 m, the length I from the short baffle 1 on the side to the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier 0 ’ is 0.72 m, the length B of the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier t is 1.02 m, the vertical distance b from the short baffle 1 on the side to the long side 2 of the T-shaped pier s1 is 0.75 m; the width I of the short baffle 1 on the side 0 is 0.2 m, the remaining length b excluding the thickness I of the short side 3 of the T-shaped pier 0 is 0.41 m, the horizontal distance d of the short baffle 1 on the side 1 is 0.48 m. 0 According to numerical simulation studies, as shown in Table 1, when the flow rate Q is 600 - 1200 L / s, compared with the traditional same-side vertical slot fishway and the opposite-side vertical slot fishway, the average water depth H of the pool chamber of the fishway with T-shaped piers in the present invention

[0072] is relatively high, which to a certain extent means that to reach the same water depth in the pool chambers of the three different forms of fishways, the fishway in the present invention can meet the requirement with a small flow rate, which also changes the previous requirement of discharging a large flow rate, and at the same time provides a design reference for areas with relatively scarce water resources. m Compared with the traditional same-side vertical slot fishway and the opposite-side vertical slot fishway, under the same flow rate condition, the flow velocity and the average turbulent kinetic energy in the fishway with T-shaped piers in the present invention are both relatively small, reducing the energy consumption when fish swim upstream.

[0073] The four backwater areas existing can provide a resting place for fish, and can better meet the hydraulic condition requirements for fish to swim upstream, improving the fish passage effect of the fishway. Figure 2 Table 1 Comparison table of water depth, flow velocity, maximum flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy values of three different fishway structural types (i = 1.6%)

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] For the upstream structure applicable to multi-target fish provided by the present invention, the specific method of the water intake method with temperature difference mitigation effect is:

[0078] ​Due to the different stratification of water temperature in the reservoir area in front of the dam with different dam heights, the length of the fishway corresponding to different dam heights is also different. Compared with the length of the fishway of the medium and high dams, the length of the fishway of the low dam is shorter. The summer water temperature stratification of general reservoirs generally presents a high temperature layer of the surface water (T 高 ), the temperature layer in the middle water (T 中 ) and the bottom water low temperature layer (T 低 ), the downstream water temperature is generally the bottom temperature layer water when the dam is generating electricity and taking water, and the water temperature changes little during the process of being discharged to the downstream through the volute. The reservoir water temperature in winter will be opposite to the summer water temperature stratification due to the ice cover, such as Figure 10 As shown in Figure 1 (water temperature stratification in summer). While improving the temperature difference mitigation effect in the fishway, it is necessary to first investigate the water temperature of the reservoir area with different dam height types. Based on the water temperature monitoring of different water layers, the direction from the water surface to the bottom is recorded as T 1 , T 2 , T 3 …T n ,like Figure 11 As shown, the test process of the water temperature is recorded as T 测试 unit.

[0079] In the downstream, the same method of taking different water temperatures for different dam heights in the present invention is to use T 中 and T 低 The water diversion pipe 8 for the mesothermal layer and the water diversion pipe 10 for the low-temperature layer pass through the dam body and then flow through the downstream water storage tower 12. The water diversion pipes of the two different water temperature layers are equipped with temperature sensors to record and identify the water temperatures in the two water diversion pipes. The water temperatures in the two pipes are recorded as T 中引水管道 and T 低引水管道 At this time, the water flow rate of the water diversion pipe inside the dam body is recorded as Q 中温坝引水 and Q 低温坝引水 , the flow rate flowing through the downstream water storage tower 12 is recorded as Q 下储水塔总 , temperature is denoted as T 下储水塔总 After the water temperature of different water bodies is merged, the temperature will change. In the future, according to the water intake temperature requirements, the appropriate T 中引水管道 and T 低引水管道 The opening of the mesothermal layer outlet gate 901 and the low temperature layer outlet gate 1002 is used to control the water diversion amount. The water is then diverted to each pool chamber downstream of the fishway and the downstream side wall water inlet gallery 1201 through the downstream water inlet pipe 16. The flow rate of the downstream water inlet pipe 16 flowing through each pool chamber in the fishway is recorded as Q 下1 , Q 下2 , Q 下… and Q 下n The total flow through the downstream side wall inlet corridor 1201 is recorded as Q 边墙廊道 ,in:

[0080] T下储水总 = Q 中引水管道％ * T 中引水管道 + Q 中引水管道％ * T 低引水管道 (1)

[0081] Q 下储水总 = Q 中温坝引水 + Q 低温坝引水 = Q 下1 + Q 下2 + Q 下n + Q 边墙廊道 (2)

[0082] Note: Q 中引水管道％ 、Q 中引水管道％ and Q …％ represent the water intake percentage coefficients of the middle diversion pipeline, and the same applies to the following formula;

[0083] The present invention records the water intake from different water temperature layers inside the dam body as Q 坝体引水 unit, and the water intake methods of the three different types of dam heights are the same.

[0084] Considering the large differences in the water depth of the reservoir area in front of different dam heights, the upstream water intake methods of the low dam and the high dam in the present invention are different.

[0085] In the upstream of the medium-high dam, in the medium-high dam, that is, when the dam height is greater than 30 meters, the water depth in front of the reservoir area is relatively deep. When taking part of the surface high-temperature water (T 表层高温引水 ) and the flow rate of the surface high-temperature water in the fishway (Q 表层高温引水 ), water of T 低 and T 中 is introduced into the upstream water storage tower 13 through the shore intake pipeline 14. The flow rate of the shore intake pipeline 14 is recorded as Q 库区岸边引水管道 , and the water temperature of the upstream water storage tower 13 is T 上游储水塔 . The upstream water storage tower 13 divides the water into two ways to enter the inside of the fishway. One is to enter the upstream side wall of the fishway through the upstream side wall water inlet pipe 1301. At this time, the flow rate and water temperature entering are recorded as Q 上游边墙引水管 and T 上游边墙引水管 (T 上游储水塔 ), and the other is to enter the inside of the fishway pool chamber through the upstream water inlet pipe 1302 in sequence. The flow rates of each upstream water inlet pipe 1302 entering the inside of the fishway pool chamber are recorded as Q 上1 , Q 上2 , Q 上3 ... Q 上n ; Since the length of the intake pipeline is short, the temperature T 上游储水塔 erected here on the upstream water storage tower is equal to the temperature inside the upstream side wall (701) and the temperature of the upstream water inlet pipe (1302).

[0086] T 鱼道上游混合 =Q 鱼道出口表层％ *T 鱼道出口表层 +Q 上游边墙引水管％ *T 上游边墙引水管 +Q 上游进水廊道％ *T 上游进水廊道 (3)

[0087] Q 鱼道上游混合 =Q 表层高温引水 +Q 上游边墙引水管 +Q 上游进水廊道 (4)

[0088] The present invention takes water from different water temperature layers upstream of the above-mentioned medium and high dams, which is denoted as Q 中高坝上游引水 unit

[0089] The water temperature at the fishway inlet is determined by the different water intake flow rates and water intake temperatures in the upstream and downstream. Therefore, when determining the water temperature at the fishway outlet, it can be flexibly adjusted according to the water temperature flow rates and water temperatures in the upstream and downstream. The total flow rate at the fishway outlet is Q 鱼道出水口 and the final temperature T at the fishway outlet 鱼道出水口 It can be calculated by the following formula:

[0090] Q 鱼道出水口 =Q 下储水总 +Q 鱼道上游混合 (5)

[0091] T 鱼道出水口 =Q 下储水总％ *T 下储水总 +T 鱼道上游混合 *Q 鱼道上游混合％ (6)

[0092] For low dams, i.e. dams with a height of 10 to 30 meters, water is taken in through the upstream slope gate of the reservoir upstream of the dam to control the water temperature entering the upstream of the fishway. For low dams, the length of the fishway is shorter than that of high dams. Considering the scheduling of upstream and downstream water resources, only one side wall is retained at the location of the fishway inlet, and the downstream side wall water inlet still uses the downstream water storage tower. When entering the fishway through the shore water diversion pipe 14, the total flow meter is Q 岸上引水 The boundary between the fishway and the shore water diversion pipeline 14 is provided with an anti-escape net, the main purpose of which is to prevent fish from entering the shore water diversion pipeline 14. The shore water diversion pipeline 14 is a water intake tunnel or culvert set in the slope or mountain 1503, which can control the flow rate Q of water of two temperatures entering the upstream of the fishway according to the opening of the first water intake solenoid valve 1504 and the second water intake solenoid valve 1505. 库区岸边-中温 and Q 库区岸边-低温 ,

[0093] in:

[0094] Q 鱼道上游混合= Q 表层高温引水 + Q 岸边库区引水 (7)

[0095] T 鱼道上游混合 = Q 表层高温引水％ * T 表层高温引水 + Q 岸边库区引水％ * T 岸边库区引水 (8)

[0096] T 鱼道出水口 = Q 下储水总％ * T 下储水总 + T 鱼道上游混合 * Q 鱼道上游混合％ (9)

[0097] The present invention is directed to the intake of water from different water temperature layers upstream of the low dam, denoted as Q 低坝上游引水 unit.

[0098] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species, comprising a dam body and a fishway arranged on one side of the dam body. The fishway includes a bottom plate (6) and side walls (5) arranged on both sides of the bottom plate (6). The bottom plate (6) and the side walls (5) on both sides thereof form a flow-through channel. Characterized in that: A plurality of T-shaped piers are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction in the flow-through channel; the T-shaped piers include a long side (2) of the T-shaped pier parallel to the water flow direction and a short side (3) of the T-shaped pier perpendicular to the water flow direction; the long side (2) of the T-shaped pier and the short side (3) of the T-shaped pier are perpendicular to each other, and the long side (2) of the T-shaped pier faces the upstream side; side short baffles (1) are arranged on the side walls (5) on both sides at the corresponding positions of each long side (2) of the T-shaped pier, and the long side (2) of the T-shaped pier extends into the interval formed between the two side short baffles (1); a pool chamber is formed in the area between two pairs of side short baffles (1) along the upstream direction.

2. An upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species according to claim 1, Characterized in that: The upstream section of the fishway is connected to the upstream of the reservoir area through a shore intake pipe (14) for diverting the water in the upstream of the reservoir area to the upstream section of the fishway; A plurality of intake pipes are arranged at different elevations on the dam body, and the plurality of intake pipes converge to a downstream intake pipe (1003). The downstream intake pipe (1003) is connected to a downstream water storage tower (12), and the downstream water storage tower (12) is connected to the downstream section of the fishway through a downstream intake pipe (16).

3. An upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species according to claim 2, Characterized in that: A slope water storage tower (1402) is arranged at the slope of the upstream of the reservoir area. A plurality of intake ports (1401) are arranged vertically along the water depth on the slope water storage tower (1402), and electromagnetic valves are arranged at the intake ports (1401) to control the flow rate entering the slope water storage tower (1402); a maintenance port is arranged at the top of the slope water storage tower (1402), and a transparent observation window (1403) is arranged at the maintenance port; the shore intake pipe (14) is connected to the slope water storage tower (1402), and a working valve (1404) and a maintenance valve (1405) are arranged on the shore intake pipe (14).

4. An upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species according to claim 2, Characterized in that: The downstream intake pipe (16) is respectively communicated with each pool chamber of the downstream section of the fishway through a downstream intake corridor (1601).

5. An upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species according to claim 2, Characterized in that: A side wall discharge pipe (701) is arranged inside the side wall (5), and water outlet holes (7) are arranged on the wall surface of the side wall (5) corresponding to each pool chamber. The water outlet holes (7) are communicated with the side wall discharge pipe (701); the downstream water storage tower (12) is connected to the side wall discharge pipe (701) on the downstream section of the fishway through a downstream side wall intake corridor (1201).

6. An upstream structure applicable to multiple target fish species according to claim 5, Characterized in that: When the height of the dam body is greater than 30 meters, an upstream water storage tower (13) is arranged between the upstream section of the fishway and the shore intake pipeline (14); the upstream water storage tower (13) is connected to the downstream discharge pipeline (701) of the side wall through an upstream side wall water intake pipe (1301); the upstream water storage tower (13) is also communicated with each chamber of the upstream section of the fishway through an upstream water inlet pipe (1302).

7. The upstream structure suitable for multi-target fish as described in claim 5, characterized in that: When the height of the dam body is 10 meters to 30 meters, the shore intake pipeline (14) directly diverts water to the upstream section of the fishway, and an anti-escape net is arranged at the junction of the shore intake pipeline (14) and the upstream section of the fishway; the shore intake pipeline (14) is a water intake tunnel or culvert arranged in the slope or mountain body (1503), and the shore intake pipeline (14) is divided into upper and lower pipelines in the vertical direction, and a first water intake solenoid valve (1504) and a second water intake solenoid valve (1505) are respectively arranged on the upper and lower pipelines; water inlet gates (1506) are arranged at the water inlets of the upper and lower pipelines; the water inlet gates (1506) are connected to a hoist (1501) through steel cables (1502).

8. The upstream structure suitable for multi-target fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The length b of the side short baffle (1) 0 The ratio to the width B of the pool chamber is 5:44; Width I of the side short baffle (1) 0 The ratio to the width B of the pool chamber is 4:44; The vertical distance b from the side short baffle (1) to the long side (2) of the T-shaped pier s1 The ratio to the width B of the pool chamber is 15:44; The horizontal distance I from the side short baffle (1) to the short side (3) of the T-shaped pier 0 ’ The ratio to the width B of the pool chamber is 18:55; The ratio of the length L to the width B of a chamber is 75:55; The vertical distance b from the side short baffle (1) to the long side (2) of the T-shaped pier s1 The ratio to the length L of the pool chamber is 3:12; The length L of the long side (2) of the T-shaped pier t The ratio of it to the width B of the pool chamber is 70:110; The length B of the short side (3) of the T-shaped pier t The ratio of it to the width B of the pool chamber is 51:110; The T-shaped pier is located exactly in the middle of the bottom plate (6) of the flow-through channel, and the vertical distance b from the short side (3) of the T-shaped pier to the side wall (5). s2 The ratio of it to the width B of the pool chamber is 29.5:110.

Images