A laterally driven electrophoretic display device and electronic device

Abstract

This invention discloses a laterally driven electrophoretic display device and electronic device. The electrophoretic display device includes: a transparent upper substrate and a transparent lower substrate disposed opposite to each other, transparent electrodes, a charged layer with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect, and an electronic ink containing component. The transparent electrodes include a transparent common electrode disposed on the entire lower surface of the transparent upper substrate and first and second pixel electrodes spaced apart on the upper surface of the transparent lower substrate. The charged layer is disposed on the upper surfaces of the first pixel electrode, the transparent lower substrate, and the second pixel electrode, and is made of a hydrophilic coating and a charged material with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect. The electronic ink containing component is disposed between the common electrode and the charged layer, and contains electronic ink composed of a non-polar electrophoretic medium, weakly polar electrophoretic particles, a charge control agent, and a thickener. This invention enables the electrophoretic display device to maintain display for a long time when power is off, improving its lateral bistable performance, drive response speed, and display refresh rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrophoretic display technology, and in particular to a laterally driven electrophoretic display device and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, electrophoretic display devices (electronic paper), which display images by electrophoresis of charged particles, have become increasingly widely used. Existing electrophoretic display devices typically utilize electronic ink containing thickeners to achieve a bistable effect; however, the presence of thickeners reduces the response speed of the electrophoretic display device, making it difficult to achieve both bistable properties and a fast response. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laterally driven electrophoretic display device and electronic device to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to simultaneously achieve bistable state and fast response in existing electrophoretic display devices.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] This invention provides a laterally driven electrophoretic display device, comprising:

[0006] A transparent upper substrate and a transparent lower substrate, a transparent electrode, an electronic ink containing component, and a charged layer with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect are arranged opposite to each other;

[0007] The transparent electrode includes a transparent common electrode disposed on the entire lower surface of the transparent upper substrate, and a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode disposed at intervals on the upper surface of the transparent lower substrate.

[0008] The electronic ink containing component contains electronic ink, which includes a nonpolar electrophoretic medium, weakly polar electrophoretic particles, a charge control agent, and a thickener. The electronic ink containing component is disposed between the common electrode and the charged layer.

[0009] The charged layer is disposed on the upper surface of the first pixel electrode, the transparent lower substrate and the second pixel electrode, and the charged layer is made of a hydrophilic coating and a charged material with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect;

[0010] The hydrophilic coating is used to separate the electronic ink from the charged layer. The charged material utilizes the hysteresis electric field dipole effect to interact with the charged reverse micelles in the electronic ink after the device is powered off, so that the electrophoretic particles can remain near the first pixel electrode when the power is off to retain the display effect. The charged reverse micelles are formed by the charge control agent in the non-polar electrophoretic medium.

[0011] Optionally, the hydrophilic coating is selected from one or more of PVA, PEG, PAM, PVP, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, and hydrogel.

[0012] Optionally, the charged material with the hysteresis electric field dipole effect is selected from one or more of the following: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride and its derivatives, perovskite, lead titanate, and PMN-PT relaxor ferroelectrics.

[0013] Optionally, the electronic ink containing component is an electronic ink layer composed of electronic ink.

[0014] Optionally, the electronic ink containing component includes multiple independent microcavities, each of which encapsulates electronic ink.

[0015] Optionally, each of the microcavities serves as a display pixel, including at least one first pixel electrode, at least one second pixel electrode, and a charged layer located between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

[0016] Optionally, the transparent electrode is made of at least one of indium tin oxide, metal nanowires, graphene, and conductive polymers.

[0017] Optionally, the thickness of the charged layer is from 100 nm to 2 μm.

[0018] Optionally, the thickness of the transparent common electrode is 20 nm to 2 μm.

[0019] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0020] The aforementioned laterally driven electrophoretic display device.

[0021] In view of this, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] In this invention, a charged layer with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect is disposed on the upper surface of the first pixel electrode, the transparent substrate, and the second pixel electrode. After power is turned off, this charged layer can continue to adsorb charged reverse micelles in the electronic ink, enabling the electrophoretic display device to maintain a high transparent display transmittance for a long period after power is turned off. This improves the lateral bistable performance of the electrophoretic display device, allowing it to maintain display even when power is off. Furthermore, it prevents electrophoretic particles from diffusing over a long period, demonstrating the sustainability of this bistable improvement effect. While improving the lateral stability of the device, the response speed of the electrophoretic display device from opaque to transparent display is significantly improved, which can enhance the driving response speed of the electrophoretic display device and is beneficial for improving the display refresh rate. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an embodiment of the electrophoretic display device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the driving situation of the electrophoretic display device of the present invention during lateral driving;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the electrophoretic display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the optical system used in this invention to characterize transverse bistable states;

[0027] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the improvement effect of the lateral bistable state in the electrophoretic display device of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in light intensity 2 minutes and 4 minutes after power failure in an embodiment of the electrophoretic display device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the charged layer of the present invention on improving the lateral driving response speed of the electrophoretic display device;

[0030] Transparent upper substrate-100, transparent common electrode-101, electronic ink layer-102, charged layer-103, transparent first pixel electrode-104, second pixel electrode-105, transparent lower substrate-106, microcavity-122, front light source-110, collimating lens-111, laterally driven electrophoretic display device-112, photodetector-113. Detailed Implementation

[0031] This invention provides a laterally driven electrophoretic display device and electronic device to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to simultaneously achieve bistable state and fast response in existing electrophoretic display devices.

[0032] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] Existing electronic inks require thickeners to achieve bistable properties, but the presence of thickeners reduces the response speed of electrophoretic display devices, making it difficult to achieve both bistable properties and fast response.

[0035] In some existing patents that address thickener replacement, the actual improvement in bistableness without increasing the viscosity of the electrophoretic solution by adding a thickener is unclear. Currently, there is no relevant technology to achieve bistableness in laterally driven electrophoretic display devices. This patent provides a new solution and method for bistableness in laterally driven electrophoretic display devices for the first time.

[0036] This patent employs a charged layer (including but not limited to a cation film layer) based on the hysteresis electric field dipole effect to adsorb charged particles. After the power is turned off, the charged layer can continue to adsorb particles, thereby improving the bistable effect of the display device.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment of a laterally driven electrophoretic display device, comprising:

[0038] A transparent upper substrate and a transparent lower substrate, a transparent electrode, an electronic ink containing component, and a charged layer with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect are arranged opposite each other.

[0039] The transparent electrode includes a transparent common electrode disposed on the entire lower surface of the transparent upper substrate, and a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode disposed at intervals on the upper surface of the transparent lower substrate.

[0040] The electronic ink containing component contains electronic ink, which includes a nonpolar electrophoretic medium, weakly polar electrophoretic particles, a charge control agent, and a thickener. The electronic ink containing component is disposed between the common electrode and the charged layer.

[0041] The charged layer is disposed on the upper surface of the first pixel electrode, the transparent lower substrate and the second pixel electrode, and the charged layer is made of a hydrophilic coating and a charged material with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect;

[0042] The hydrophilic coating is used to separate the electronic ink from the charged layer. The charged material utilizes the hysteresis electric field dipole effect to interact with the charged reverse micelles in the electronic ink after the device is powered off, so that the electrophoretic particles can remain near the first pixel electrode when the power is off to retain the display effect. The charged reverse micelles are formed by the charge control agent in the non-polar electrophoretic medium.

[0043] In this embodiment, the transparent upper substrate 100 and the transparent lower substrate 106 are disposed opposite to each other. The transparent upper and lower substrates can be glass or transparent polymer. The transparent electrode includes a full-surface common electrode 101 on the lower surface of the transparent upper substrate, a first pixel electrode 104 and a second pixel electrode 105 on the upper surface of the lower substrate. The electronic ink receiving component is an electronic ink layer 102 composed of electronic ink, and a charged layer 103 is spin-coated on the surface of the transparent lower substrate 106, the first pixel electrode 104 and the second pixel electrode 105.

[0044] The laterally driven electrophoretic display device provided in this embodiment is a structure that improves the lateral driving effect of the charged layer in laterally driven electrophoretic display devices. The charged layer consists of a hydrophilic coating and a charged material with a hysteresis electric field effect. The hydrophilic coating separates the charged film layer from the electronic ink, preventing charged substances from entering the electronic ink. The hydrophilic coating can be one or more of the following hydrophilic materials: PVA, PEG, PAM, PVP, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, hydrogel, etc. The charged material utilizes the hysteresis electric field dipole effect to interact with charged reverse micelles in the electronic ink after the device is powered off, allowing the electrophoretic particles to remain near the first pixel electrode to preserve the display effect when power is off.

[0045] The laterally driven electrophoretic display device provided in this embodiment can maintain its display effect in the power-off state. The charged layer structure based on the hysteresis electric field dipole effect can be made of a hydrophilic coating and a charged material with the hysteresis electric field dipole effect. The charged material can be an ionic polyelectrolyte or an ionic surfactant with the hysteresis electric field dipole effect, or it can include ionic groups, or it can be a dielectric material with piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, etc. The charged material can interact with the charged reverse micelles in the electronic ink after the electrophoretic display device is powered off by utilizing the hysteresis electric field dipole effect. The hydrophilic coating used to separate the film layer from the electronic ink can include one or more of the following hydrophilic materials: PVA, PEG, PAM, PVP, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, hydrogel, etc.

[0046] Specifically, charged materials include strong ionic polyelectrolytes or ionic surfactants, such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tetrabutylammonium bromide, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), quaternary ammonium cations, pyridine cations, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid anions, etc., and also include one or more polymeric materials containing ionic groups, such as quaternary ammonium, tertiary amine, etc., modified with ions such as polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, etc. Charged materials can also be dielectric materials with piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, etc. Piezoelectric materials include one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its derivatives such as polyvinylidene fluoride / fluorocarbon resin (PVF2), piezoelectric ceramics (PZT) and its derivatives such as BZT-PZT, etc. Ferroelectric materials include one or more of perovskite (BaTiO3), lead titanate (PbTiO3), PMN-PT relaxor ferroelectrics, etc., and their derivatives. The hydrophilic coating material can be one or more of the following hydrophilic materials: PVA, PEG, PAM, PVP, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, hydrogel, etc., used to separate the charged layer from the electronic ink.

[0047] In this embodiment, the charged layer (including but not limited to the ion exchange membrane layer) based on the hysteresis dipole effect generates a small hysteresis electric field. The charged layer utilizes this hysteresis dipole effect to maintain the display effect after power is turned off, while simultaneously improving the device's lateral response speed, achieving both lateral bistable and fast lateral response. The key to the charged layer's ability to improve stability lies in the fact that the charged material can provide a hysteresis electric field after power is turned off. This hysteresis electric field can interact with the charged reverse micelles, enhancing the lateral bistable performance.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the transparent first pixel electrode 104 and the transparent second pixel electrode 105 must be spaced apart. The transparent first pixel electrode 104 and the transparent second pixel electrode 105 constitute IPS (lateral electric field effect display technology) electrodes. Applying potentials in opposite directions to 104 and 105 can form a lateral voltage difference. Applying a potential in the same direction as the first pixel electrode 104 to the transparent common electrode 101 can generate a lateral electric field that can drive particles to move laterally. This is the biggest difference from traditional vertically driven electronic paper.

[0049] In this embodiment, there are no specific requirements for the size of the IPS electrode, which can be adjusted according to the required display resolution. In a preferred embodiment, depending on the display pixel density from 326ppi to 127ppi, the width of the corresponding 104 and 105 electrodes can be selected from 4um to 30um, the spacing between 104 and 105 can be selected from 8um to 90um, the thickness of 104 and 105 can be from 20nm to 2um, the thickness of the transparent common electrode 101 can be from 20nm to 2um, and in a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the transparent common electrode 101 is 2um; the thickness of the charged layer 103 can be selected from 100nm to 2um, and in a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the charged layer 103 is 150nm; the thickness of the electronic ink layer 102 can be from 10um to 40um.

[0050] Please see Figure 2 In this embodiment, a transverse electric field is generated by applying a driving signal to the common electrode, the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, which drives the electrophoretic particles in the electronic ink to gather on the first pixel electrode on the upper surface of the transparent substrate, thereby realizing the transparent display of the electrophoretic display device. Figure 2 The white circles in the diagram represent white electrophoretic particles. In this embodiment, the electronic ink contains only one type of charged particle. Therefore, the electrophoretic particles only adhere to the first pixel electrode 104. At this time, the charged area between electrodes 104 and 105, as well as the second pixel electrode 105, are free of particles, thus enabling transparent display. After the electrophoretic display device is powered off, the charged layer generates a small hysteresis electric field through the hysteresis dipole effect. This field interacts with the charged reverse micelles, allowing the particles to remain near the first pixel electrode after power is off, preserving the display effect and improving the lateral bistable performance of the laterally driven electrophoretic display device.

[0051] This embodiment utilizes a charged layer (including but not limited to an ion exchange film layer) based on the hysteresis electric field dipole effect to generate a small hysteresis electric field. The charged layer interacts with charged reverse micelles, allowing particles to remain near the first pixel electrode after power is turned off, preserving the display effect. This improves the lateral bistable state of the display when at 0V or without power, helping to keep particles near the first pixel electrode to maintain transparent display. Simultaneously, the charged layer structure can improve the lateral response speed of the device, which is beneficial for increasing the display refresh rate.

[0052] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 The electrophoretic display device shown is relative to Figure 1 The electrophoretic display device shown differs primarily in its electronic ink receiving component. Figure 3 The electronic ink containing component shown includes multiple independent microcavities 122, each of which encapsulates electronic ink.

[0053] The electronic ink in this embodiment includes a non-polar electrophoretic medium, weakly polar electrophoretic particles, a charge control agent, and a thickener. The electronic ink is segmented and encapsulated in independent microcavities 122. In a preferred embodiment, the microcavity can be a microcup-shaped cavity. The lateral electric field generated by the driving signal drives the electrophoretic particles in the microcavity to aggregate onto the first pixel electrode 104 on the upper surface of the transparent substrate 106, thus achieving transparent display of the electrophoretic display device. The laterally driven electronic paper structure, i.e., the electrophoretic display device, exhibits lateral bistable characteristics after power is turned off, maintaining a high-transmittance display for a long time.

[0054] It should be noted that the electrophoretic particles in this embodiment are weakly charged, and their surface potential can be in the range of 50mV to 70mV. In the preferred embodiment, the surface potential of the electrophoretic particles is 70mV.

[0055] In another embodiment of the present invention, the transparent first pixel electrode 104 and the transparent second pixel electrode 105 must be spaced apart. The transparent first pixel electrode 104 and the transparent second pixel electrode 105 constitute an IPS (lateral electric field effect display technology) electrode. A potential in the same direction is applied to 104 and 105, and a potential in the opposite direction to 104 and 105 is applied to the transparent common electrode 101. The longitudinal electric field generated by the driving signal drives the electrophoretic particles in the microcavity to gather onto the common electrode 101 on the surface of the transparent upper substrate 100, thereby realizing the white display of the electrophoretic display device. The electrophoretic display device has lateral bistable characteristics after power is turned off, and can maintain an opaque (white) display for a long time.

[0056] Figure 3 The shaded area 122 in the diagram represents the microcup wall. The region between two microcup walls in the cross-section is a microcavity. Each microcavity serves as a display pixel. Voltage can be applied to the first and second pixel electrodes within a single microcavity to drive that microcavity, achieving pixelated display. The positions of the microcavities are as follows... Figure 3 As shown, a microcavity should include at least one first pixel electrode and one second pixel electrode. Its size depends on the required display resolution, and its number depends on the display resolution and screen size. In a preferred embodiment, the microcup is a cuboid structure with a length, width, and height of 150 μm and a height of 20 μm. It can be understood that each microcavity, as a display pixel, includes at least one first pixel electrode, at least one second pixel electrode, and a charged layer region located between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

[0057] The laterally driven electrophoretic display device provided in this embodiment has a charged layer with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect disposed on the upper surface of the first pixel electrode, the transparent substrate, and the second pixel electrode. After power is turned off, this charged layer can continue to adsorb charged reverse micelles in the electronic ink, enabling the electrophoretic display device to maintain a high transparent display transmittance for a long time after power is turned off, thereby improving the lateral bistable performance of the electrophoretic display device and allowing it to maintain display even when power is off. Furthermore, it prevents electrophoretic particles from diffusing for a long time, demonstrating the sustainability of this bistable improvement effect. While improving the lateral stability of the device, the response speed of the electrophoretic display device from opaque to transparent display is significantly improved, which can improve the driving response speed of the electrophoretic display device and is beneficial to improving the display refresh rate of the device.

[0058] Please see Figure 4 The optical system used in this invention to characterize transverse bistable states includes:

[0059] The front light source 110, collimating lens 111, vertically arranged horizontally driven electrophoretic display device 112, and photodetector 113 are arranged sequentially.

[0060] The optical system includes a front light source 110, a collimating lens 111, a vertically placed laterally driven electrophoretic display device 112, and a rear-end photodetector 113. The light spot emitted by the front light source 110 passes through the laterally driven electrophoretic display device 112 and is received by the rear-end photodetector 113. Higher light intensity received by the photodetector indicates higher transmittance of the laterally driven electrophoretic display device 112. By comparing the change in light intensity transmitted through the laterally driven electrophoretic display device 112 before and after power failure, the lateral bistable performance of the device can be characterized.

[0061] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 This study demonstrates the enhancement effect of the charged layer based on the hysteresis electric field dipole effect on the lateral driving of lateral-driven electrophoretic display devices. The electronic ink selected for lateral-driven electrophoretic display devices may include: non-polar electrophoretic media (such as the non-polar solvent Isopar G), white weakly polar electrophoretic particles TiO2, charge control agents, and thickeners.

[0062] It should be noted that the charge control agent molecules in electronic ink, upon reaching a certain concentration, will form charged reverse micelles in a nonpolar solvent. In other words, charged reverse micelles are formed by the charge control agent molecules in the electronic ink. Since the typical size of charged reverse micelles is only about 10 nm, while the size of charged particles is several hundred nm or larger, therefore... Figure 1 No “charged reverse micelles” were shown.

[0063] Figure 5 This demonstrates the lateral bistable behavior of a laterally driven electrophoretic display device under 0.1% CTAB charged layer treatment, 0.2% CTAB charged layer treatment, and no charged layer treatment. Figure 5 As shown, all three devices were powered off at 17s. In the lateral-driven electrophoretic display device without a charged layer, the electrophoretic particles diffused rapidly after power-off due to gravity and the concentration gradient of the charge control agent, causing a rapid decrease in light intensity. After 30s of power-off, the device's transmittance decreased by 47%, and after 50s, the light intensity almost dropped to 0, indicating that the electrophoretic display device was essentially no longer transparent, with a transmittance of almost 0%. In the lateral-driven electrophoretic display device with a 0.1% CTAB charged layer, the transmittance decreased by 18% after 30s of power-off, by 19% after 50s, and remained at 81% after 90s. In the lateral-driven electrophoretic display device with a 0.2% CTAB charged layer, the transmittance decreased by 26% after 30s of power-off, by 28% after 50s, and remained at 72% after 90s. This indicates that the charged layer treatment significantly improved the device's lateral bistable performance.

[0064] Figure 6 The changes in light intensity of a transverse electrophoretic display device treated with a 0.1% CTAB charged layer were shown at 2 min and 4 min after power-off. It can be seen that the transmitted light intensity of the electrophoretic display device remains unchanged after 2 min and 4 min of power-off, and the transmittance of 81% during transparent driving is maintained. This shows that the charged layer structure can enable the device to maintain a high transparent display transmittance for a long time after 0V or power-off, and prevent particles from diffusing for a long time, demonstrating the persistence of this bistable enhancement effect.

[0065] Figure 7 This study demonstrates the effect of the charged layer structure based on the hysteresis electric field dipole effect on improving the lateral driving response speed of the device. The electronic ink selected for the lateral driving electrophoretic display device includes the nonpolar solvent Isopar G, white TiO2 particles, charge control agent, and thickener.

[0066] Figure 7 This demonstrates the lateral drive response speed of a lateral drive electrophoretic display device with 0.6% PDDA charged layer treatment, 1.2% PDDA charged layer treatment, and no charged layer treatment. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the horizontally driven electrophoretic display device treated with the PDDA charged layer increases its light intensity response much faster in the horizontal driving stage than the untreated horizontally driven electrophoretic display device. This indicates that after the PDDA charged layer treatment, the response speed of the device from opaque to transparent display is significantly improved, which is beneficial to improving the display refresh rate of the device.

[0067] The electrophoretic display device (electronic paper) provided in this embodiment can achieve lateral bistable operation, and can be applied to transparent display devices such as smart glass, privacy protection, and transparent electronic paper displays. This enhances the lateral bistable characteristics of the device and achieves low-power transparent display. Application scenarios include controlling the occlusion of smart car windows, controlling the light transmittance of smart building glass, and controlling the light absorption of wearable glasses. The device can be switched between opaque and transparent displays according to application needs, achieving low-power transparent / opaque display effects.

[0068] This invention employs a charged layer (including but not limited to a cation film layer) based on the hysteresis electric field dipole effect to adsorb charged reverse micelles. After power is turned off, the charged layer can continue to adsorb charged reverse micelles, slowing down the diffusion discharge of charged reverse micelles, thereby improving the bistable effect of the display device.

[0069] The charged layer structure based on the hysteresis electric field dipole effect in this invention is beneficial for improving the lateral bistable performance of electrophoretic display devices, enabling them to maintain display effects (including transparent or opaque displays) even at 0V or when power is off. While improving the lateral stability of the device, it also enhances the device's driving response speed, which is beneficial for increasing the display refresh rate. This invention provides a novel solution and method for achieving bistable performance in laterally driven electrophoretic display devices for the first time.

[0070] In addition, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising the laterally driven electrophoretic display device described in the above embodiments.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0072] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0073] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0074] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0075] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laterally driven electrophoretic display device, characterized in that, include: A transparent upper substrate and a transparent lower substrate, a transparent electrode, an electronic ink containing component, and a charged layer with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect are arranged opposite to each other; The transparent electrode includes a transparent common electrode disposed on the entire lower surface of the transparent upper substrate, and a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode disposed at intervals on the upper surface of the transparent lower substrate. The electronic ink containing component contains electronic ink, which includes a nonpolar electrophoretic medium, weakly polar electrophoretic particles, a charge control agent, and a thickener. The electronic ink containing component is disposed between the common electrode and the charged layer. The charged layer is disposed on the upper surface of the first pixel electrode, the transparent lower substrate and the second pixel electrode, and the charged layer is made of a hydrophilic coating and a charged material with a hysteresis electric field dipole effect; The hydrophilic coating is used to separate the electronic ink from the charged layer. The charged material utilizes the hysteresis electric field dipole effect to interact with the charged reverse micelles in the electronic ink after the device is powered off, so that the electrophoretic particles can remain near the first pixel electrode when the power is off to retain the display effect. The charged reverse micelles are formed by the charge control agent in the non-polar electrophoretic medium.

2. The laterally driven electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophilic coating is selected from one or more of PVA, PEG, PAM, PVP, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, and hydrogel.

3. The laterally driven electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charged material with the hysteresis electric field dipole effect is selected from one or more of the following: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride and its derivatives, perovskite, lead titanate, and PMN-PT relaxor ferroelectrics.

4. The laterally driven electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electronic ink containing component is an electronic ink layer composed of electronic ink.

5. The laterally driven electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electronic ink containing component includes multiple independent microcavities, each of which encapsulates electronic ink.

6. The laterally driven electrophoretic display device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the microcavities serves as a display pixel, including at least one first pixel electrode, at least one second pixel electrode, and a charged layer located between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

7. The laterally driven electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the charged layer is 100 nm to 2 μm.

8. The laterally driven electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent electrode is made of at least one of indium tin oxide, metal nanowires, graphene, and conductive polymer.

9. The laterally driven electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the transparent common electrode is 20 nm to 2 μm.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The laterally driven electrophoretic display device as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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