A construction method for a plant climate tolerance atlas for county-level species distribution

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of geospatial data processing, and discloses a method for constructing a plant climate tolerance atlas for county-level species distribution. It includes statistical analysis of plant species distribution data, extraction of the maximum and minimum values of accumulated temperature and precipitation, selection of a certain species for screening, screening of all species in a loop, establishment of a fishnet, and finding the distribution center of species diversity. The present invention solves the problem of species loss caused by insufficient investigation of plant data at a large scale, and reveals the distribution law of species diversity at the climate scale, providing new ideas for the study of biogeography.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of geospatial data processing, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a plant climate tolerance atlas for county-level species distribution. Background Art

[0002] Biodiversity is facing multiple threats such as habitat destruction, overexploitation of resources, and climate change. Biodiversity conservation has become a global issue. The spatial distribution pattern of biodiversity and its causes are one of the research hotspots in regional ecology and biogeography. In existing regional species statistical methods, it is possible to count the number of species based on irregular vector boundaries (administrative boundaries), as shown in Figure 1 shown. Or count the number of species based on regular vector boundaries (equal-area pixel grids), as shown in Figure 2 shown. Among environmental factors, accumulated temperature and precipitation play a dominant role in the spatial distribution pattern of plant diversity. For the extraction of climate data, the average value of climate factors is often extracted based on the range of vector boundaries, or the change range of climate within the boundaries is extracted to study the relationship between plants and climate in the region. The research on plant tolerance is generally carried out in the laboratory, but the study on the maximum and minimum values that plant species can withstand in terms of climate, that is, the tolerance range, is less studied at the regional scale. The relevant results can better reveal the distribution pattern of plant diversity and the differentiation law of tolerance. In data processing, the amount of species data is usually large and the operation is cumbersome. Therefore, constructing a method for efficiently constructing a plant climate tolerance atlas for county-level species distribution has important theoretical and application values for revealing the formation mechanism of plant diversity and predicting the priority conservation centers of species diversity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for constructing a plant climate tolerance atlas for county-level species distribution, which solves the problem of species loss caused by insufficient investigation of plant data at a large scale, and reveals the distribution law of species diversity at the climate scale, providing new ideas for the study of biogeography.

[0004] The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: A method for constructing a plant climate tolerance atlas for county-level species distribution, the steps include:

[0005] (1) Statistics of county-level plant species distribution data, downloading Chinese vascular plant data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database; selecting preserved specimens and data sources from the Chinese Academy of Sciences as data sources for basic records, determining the county where the species is distributed according to the longitude and latitude coordinates, and counting all plant species within the county;

[0006] (2) Climate data are from the "Daily Value Dataset of Surface Climate Data in China (V3.0)" on the China Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Network (http: / / data.cma.cn / ), with data from 825 meteorological stations. The time span is from 1951 to 2020, a total of 70 years. The annual precipitation and the accumulated temperature above 10°C for each year recorded at each station are obtained, and spatial interpolation is completed using kriging in the Spatial Analyst module of ArcGIS 10.3. Layers of the accumulated temperature above 10°C and annual precipitation for 70 years are obtained respectively, and the average values of the layers of the accumulated temperature above 10°C and annual precipitation for 70 years are selected for research, with a spatial resolution of 1 km;

[0007] (3) Extract the maximum and minimum values of the annual accumulated temperature above 10°C and annual precipitation according to the county administrative boundaries;

[0008] (4) Assign the maximum and minimum values of the climate within the county administrative boundaries to all species within the county administrative boundaries;

[0009] (5) Select a species to screen for the maximum of the maximum values and the minimum of the minimum values of the climate nationwide;

[0010] (6) Loop through all species to screen for the maximum of the maximum values and the minimum of the minimum values of the climate nationwide;

[0011] (7) Establish a coordinate system with the minimum value of the species climate as the abscissa and the maximum value of the species climate as the ordinate;

[0012] (8) Establish a fishnet fishnet and connect it to the species distribution points, count the number of species points within the fishnet, and assign different colors according to the number of species within the fishnet;

[0013] (9) It can be seen from the plant climate tolerance map that plants with a wide climate tolerance range are mainly in the upper right area. From the upper right to the lower left, the range of the plant climate tolerance decreases. The species distributed on the diagonal are endemic species within a specific climate zone, and the climate decreases from top to bottom in turn;

[0014] (10) Count the number of species distributions in each band according to the maximum value (MAX) and minimum value (MIN), and determine the number of species in each band to find the center of species diversity distribution.

[0015] Further, in step (9), the climate decreases from top to bottom in turn as tropical, temperate, and frigid zones.

[0016] Further, in step (9), the climate decreases from top to bottom in turn as humid and arid.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: The present invention solves the problem of species absence caused by insufficient investigation of plant data at large scales, and reveals the distribution law of species diversity at the climate scale, providing new ideas for the study of biogeography. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 is an irregular vector boundary (administrative boundary);

[0020] Figure 2 is a regular vector boundary (equal-area pixel grid);

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the specific operation process of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is the average accumulated temperature ≥10°C in China from 1951 to 2020;

[0023] Figure 5 is the average annual precipitation in China from 1951 to 2020;

[0024] Figure 6 is the accumulated temperature tolerance map of vascular plants in China;

[0025] Figure 7 is the maximum temperature limit map of vascular plants in China;

[0026] Figure 8 is the minimum temperature limit map of vascular plants in China;

[0027] Figure 9 is the precipitation tolerance map of vascular plants in China;

[0028] Figure 10 is the maximum precipitation limit map of vascular plants in China;

[0029] Figure 11 is the minimum precipitation limit map of vascular plants in China. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below through specific examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods adopted in the present invention are all conventional methods, and the experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a plant climate tolerance map for county-level species distribution according to the present invention.

[0033] In the embodiment of the accumulated temperature tolerance map, as Figure 3 shown, a method for constructing a plant climate tolerance map for county-level species distribution according to the present invention, the method comprising:

[0034] S1. In ArcGIS 10.8, import the accumulated temperature data of ≥10°C per year from 1951 to 2020 in China

[0035] S2. In ArcGIS 10.8, use the Zonal Statistics as Table partitioning statistical tool to statistically calculate the maximum value (MAX) and minimum value (MIN) of the accumulated temperature of ≥10°C per year in county-level administrative regions.

[0036] S3. Assign the maximum and minimum values of the accumulated temperature of ≥10°C per year in the county-level administrative region to all plant species within the county-level administrative region.

[0037] S4. Use the pandas library to read the plant data in the database, and statistically calculate and save all the distribution areas of each species.

[0038] S5. Use the pandas library to read the plant data and climate data in the database. For each species, statistically calculate the maximum and minimum values of the accumulated temperature of ≥10°C per year in all its distribution areas.

[0039] S6. In ArcGIS 10.8, use the Add Data tool to import data with the minimum value of the species climate as the abscissa and the maximum value of the species climate as the ordinate.

[0040] S7. In ArcGIS 10.8, the annual accumulated temperature change range of ≥10°C in the whole country is 235.75 - 8960.83°C. Use the Create Fishnet tool to create a fishnet grid with a cell length and width of 180°C.

[0041] S8. In ArcGIS 10.8, use the Join Data tool to connect the species distribution points with the fishnet raster, and statistically calculate the number of species in each fishnet grid, and assign colors to the fishnet grids according to the number of species.

[0042] S9. Statistically calculate the number of species distributions in each strip according to the maximum value (MAX) and minimum value (MIN) of the accumulated temperature, and determine the number of species in each strip to find the center of species diversity distribution.

[0043] Embodiment 2

[0044] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a plant climate tolerance map for county-level species distribution according to the present invention.

[0045] In the embodiment of the precipitation tolerance map, asFigure 3 As shown, a method for constructing a plant climate tolerance atlas for county-level species distribution according to the present invention includes:

[0046] S1. In ArcGIS 10.8, import the annual precipitation data of China from 1951 to 2020.

[0047] S2. In ArcGIS 10.8, use the Zonal Statistics as Table tool to statistically calculate the maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) of the annual precipitation in county-level administrative regions.

[0048] S3. Assign the maximum and minimum values of the annual precipitation in county-level administrative regions to all plant species within the county-level administrative regions.

[0049] S4. Use the pandas library to read the plant data in the database, and count and save all the distribution areas of each species.

[0050] S5. Use the pandas library to read the plant data and climate data in the database. For each species, statistically calculate the maximum and minimum values of the annual precipitation in all its distribution areas.

[0051] S6. In ArcGIS 10.8, use the Add Data tool to import data with the minimum value of species climate as the abscissa and the maximum value of species climate as the ordinate.

[0052] S7. In ArcGIS 10.8, the annual precipitation change range in the whole country is 1.83 - 2346.95 mm. Use the Create Fishnet tool to create a fishnet grid with a cell length and width of 50 mm.

[0053] S8. In ArcGIS 10.8, use the Join Data tool to connect the species distribution points with the fishnet raster, and count the number of species in each fishnet grid, and assign colors to the fishnet grids according to the number of species.

[0054] S9. Statistically calculate the number of species distributions in each strip according to the maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) of the annual precipitation, and determine the number of species in each strip to find the center of species diversity distribution.

[0055] The above-described embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the feasible embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, any obvious changes made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a plant climate tolerance map for county-level species distribution, characterized in that the steps Including: A. Statistical analysis of the distribution data of plant species at the county level. Download the data of vascular plants in China from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database. Select the preserved specimens and the data source of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the data source for the basic records. Determine the county where the species is distributed according to the longitude and latitude coordinates, and count all plant species within the county. B. The climate data comes from the "Daily Value Dataset of Surface Climate Data in China (V3.0)" on the China Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Network, with a total of 825 meteorological station data. The time span is from 1951 to 2020, totaling 70 years. Obtain the annual precipitation and the accumulated temperature above 10°C for each year recorded at each station, and use Kriging interpolation in the ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis module to complete spatial interpolation. Obtain the layers of the accumulated temperature above 10°C and the annual precipitation for 70 years respectively, and select the average values of the layers of the accumulated temperature above 10°C and the annual precipitation for 70 years for research, with a spatial resolution of 1 km. C. Extract the maximum and minimum values of the accumulated temperature above 10°C and the annual precipitation according to the county-level administrative boundaries. D. Assign the maximum and minimum values of the climate within the county-level administrative boundaries to all species within the county-level administrative boundaries. E. Select a species to screen for the maximum of the maximum values and the minimum of the minimum values of the climate across the country. F. Loop through all species to screen for the maximum of the maximum values and the minimum of the minimum values of the climate across the country. G. Establish a coordinate system with the minimum value of the species climate as the abscissa and the maximum value of the species climate as the ordinate. H. Establish a fishnet and connect it to the species distribution points, count the number of species points within the fishnet, and assign different colors according to the number of species within the fishnet. I. From the plant climate tolerance map, it can be seen that plants with a wide climate tolerance range are mainly located in the upper right region. From the upper right to the lower left, the range of the plant climate tolerance decreases. The species distributed on the diagonal are endemic species within a specific climate zone, and the climate decreases from top to bottom. J. Count the number of species distributions within each strip according to the maximum and minimum values, and determine the number of species within each strip to find the center of species diversity distribution.

2. The construction method of the plant climate tolerance map for county-level species distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that In step I, the climate decreases from top to bottom in turn as tropical, temperate, and cold temperate.

3. The method for constructing a plant climate tolerance atlas for county-level species distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step I, the climate decreases from top to bottom in turn as humid and arid.

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