A method, system, device and readable storage medium suitable for tunnel early warning

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel early warning, in particular to a method, system and device suitable for tunnel early warning and a readable storage medium, a building information model of a tunnel is established in advance, the building information model comprises BIM models of a plurality of tunnel facilities and a plurality of monitoring points, data of the BIM models is quickly extracted and implanted into a present three-dimensional geographic information data packet, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining positioning information of each tunnel facility and each monitoring point and obtaining positioning information of each personnel; step 2, determining corresponding emergency plans based on a decision tree algorithm; step 3, obtaining a result of safety perception early warning; and step 4, issuing execution instruction information of the emergency plans according to the result of the safety perception early warning; the execution instruction information of the corresponding emergency plans is made according to the result of the safety perception early warning, the occurrence of a dangerous situation is predicable, and rescue after the dangerous situation occurs can be more timely combined with the command of a commander.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel early warning, in particular to a method, system and device suitable for tunnel early warning and a readable storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] BIM is short for Building Information Modeling, and its concept is that the building information model contains all component information, functional requirements and performance of different professions, and all component information of an engineering project is integrated into a building model in the design process, construction process and operation management process.

[0003] 3DGIS is a specific and very important spatial information system. It is a technical system that collects, stores, manages, calculates, analyzes, displays and describes relevant geographic distribution data in the entire or part of the earth's surface (including the atmosphere) space under the support of computer hardware and software systems. 3DGIS technology is a spatial information analysis technology that has developed rapidly in recent years, and it plays a leading role in the field of resource and environment applications.

[0004] Unlike the traditional post-completion BIM and current GIS fusion technology, the BIM and 3DGIS fusion technology for planning management is to fuse the plan implementation scheme data and the current geographic information data, and to fuse the current GIS and the BIM scheme of plan implementation in the same area. The fusion of BIM and GIS is an important part of data sharing and reuse in the whole life cycle of building design, and it is also an important technology that needs to be solved for intelligent planning and approval management of tunnels.

[0005] Chinese patent CN109918526B discloses a BIM and 3DGIS fusion method for planning management. The method is based on a multi-level BIM and city three-dimensional model fusion technology of three-dimensional dynamic data service, and realizes the whole space integration of landscape review on the ground, underground, indoor and outdoor by solving the loading and display efficiency of massive components, so as to achieve intelligent and visual three-dimensional planning management of the city. The defect of the method is that the BIM scheme data is dynamically loaded in stages according to the requirements of scheme analysis and display in the implementation process, and the purpose is only to improve the efficiency of BIM scheme browsing, without considering the problems of early warning and rescue that need to be carried out in tunnel planning management, i.e. lacking of early warning and rescue service support. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve one of the above problems, the application provides a method, system, device and readable storage medium suitable for tunnel warning, which can accurately position early warning points and feed back early warning information.

[0007] A method suitable for tunnel warning, a building information model of a tunnel is established in advance, the building information model includes BIM models of a plurality of tunnel facilities and a plurality of monitoring points, data of the BIM models is quickly extracted and implanted into a current three-dimensional geographic information data package, and the method includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, in the building information model of the tunnel, each of the tunnel facilities and each of the monitoring points is positioned to obtain positioning information of each of the tunnel facilities and each of the monitoring points, and each of the personnel is positioned to obtain positioning information of each of the personnel;

[0009] Step 2, monitoring data of each of the facilities and each of the monitoring points is obtained, a corresponding emergency plan is determined based on a decision tree algorithm according to the monitoring data, the positioning information of each of the tunnel facilities and each of the monitoring points, and the positioning information of each of the personnel;

[0010] Step 3, a result of combined configuration is obtained according to the monitoring data, an analysis calculation model is determined according to the result of combined configuration, and a result of safety perception warning is obtained according to the analysis calculation model and the monitoring data;

[0011] Step 4, execution instruction information of the emergency plan is sent according to the result of safety perception warning.

[0012] The method has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the building information model of the tunnel and the BIM models of a plurality of tunnel facilities and a plurality of monitoring points are combined, efficient real-time visual safety monitoring of safe construction in the tunnel can be realized, construction conditions and dangerous sources in the tunnel can be viewed and identified in real time, data of the BIM models is quickly extracted and implanted into a current three-dimensional geographic information data package, geographic macro performance of GIS technology and micro fine digitization of BIM technology are combined, and the characteristics of data analysis and management functions are fully utilized; the position information of personnel in the tunnel is associated with the building information model, the positioning information of personnel inside the tunnel can be mastered in real time, efficient safety control is realized, the process of escaping and evacuating accident personnel in the tunnel is obviously affected, great convenience is provided for the subsequent rescue work, and the rescue efficiency is improved; by positioning the tunnel facilities and each of the monitoring points, the devices or monitoring points that may have danger or failure can be pre-monitored to prevent danger; execution instruction information of a corresponding emergency plan is made according to the result of safety perception warning, the occurrence of danger is predicted, and the rescue and escape process after the occurrence of danger has linkage and coordination by combining the command of the commander.

[0013] Preferably, before performing the step 1, a dynamic patrol monitoring process is further included, comprising:

[0014] A1, in the building information model of the tunnel, an electronic tag is generated for each tunnel facility device and each monitoring point, the electronic tag including device status, maintenance information, maintenance information and point inspection information;

[0015] A2, each electronic tag is associated with the basic information of the corresponding tunnel facility device or monitoring point;

[0016] A3, real-time acquisition of the device status, maintenance information, maintenance information and point inspection information.

[0017] Preferably, the step 2 includes: according to the device status, the maintenance information, the maintenance information, the point inspection information, the monitoring data, the positioning information of each tunnel facility device and each monitoring point, and the positioning information of each personnel, the corresponding emergency plan is determined based on the decision tree algorithm.

[0018] Preferably, between performing the step 1 and the step 2, a personnel posture recognition process is further included:

[0019] B1, obtaining the walking data of each personnel, and obtaining the direction of each personnel through the monitoring data of the corresponding monitoring point;

[0020] B2, according to the walking data, the speed change and the step change of the personnel are calculated;

[0021] B3, according to the speed change and the step change of the personnel, the posture of the personnel is obtained, the posture including upright walking state, bending straight walking state, bending and bending walking state, crawling state and blocked stopping state.

[0022] Preferably, the step 2 includes: according to the device status, the maintenance information, the maintenance information, the point inspection information, the monitoring data, the positioning information of each tunnel facility device and each monitoring point, and the posture of each personnel, the corresponding emergency plan is determined based on the decision tree algorithm.

[0023] Preferably, after performing the B3, a position information visualization process is further included, comprising:

[0024] C1, according to the speed change and the step change, the visual step point direction of the personnel at the current time is obtained, and is matched with the direction of each personnel at the nearest time, so that the visual step point direction at the nearest time is used instead of the original direction of the personnel, and 2D position information is generated;

[0025] C2. Based on the visual step point orientation information, match it with the depth of the tunnel, combine it with the calibrated 2D location information to generate 3D user positioning, and output it together with the data of the tunnel's building information model to the existing 3D geographic information data package to realize the visualization of the personnel's location information.

[0026] Preferably, in step 2, the monitoring points include: deformation monitoring, settlement monitoring, stress and strain monitoring, environmental monitoring, liquid level monitoring, water pump and fan monitoring, lighting system monitoring, power distribution system monitoring, surveillance system monitoring, and access control system monitoring of the tunnel, and corresponding sensors are established in the BIM model.

[0027] A system for tunnel early warning includes:

[0028] The data acquisition module is used to acquire monitoring data from each of the facilities and equipment and each of the monitoring points;

[0029] The positioning module is used to locate each of the tunnel facilities and equipment and each of the monitoring points in the tunnel's building information model, and to obtain the positioning information of each of the tunnel facilities and equipment and each of the monitoring points. At the same time, it locates each person and obtains the positioning information of each person.

[0030] The determination module is used to determine the corresponding emergency plan based on the monitoring data, the location information of each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point, and the location information of each person, using a decision tree algorithm.

[0031] The early warning module obtains the combined configuration result based on the monitoring data, determines the analysis and calculation model based on the combined configuration result, and obtains the security perception early warning result based on the analysis and calculation model and the monitoring data.

[0032] The instruction module is used to issue execution instruction information for the emergency plan based on the results of the security perception and early warning.

[0033] An apparatus comprising:

[0034] Communication interface;

[0035] At least one processor connected to the communication interface; and

[0036] At least one memory, connected to the processor, stores program instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform any of the methods described above applicable to tunnel early warning.

[0037] A readable storage medium having stored program instructions thereon, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the methods described above applicable to tunnel early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic inspection and monitoring process of the method of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the personnel posture recognition process of the method of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the location information visualization process of the method of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 The illustration schematically shows a storage unit for holding or carrying program code that implements the method according to this application;

[0044] Figure 7 A block diagram of an electronic device for performing the method according to this application is shown schematically. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 As shown, a method suitable for tunnel early warning,

[0047] A building information model (BIM) of the tunnel is pre-established, including BIM models of several tunnel facilities and equipment as well as several monitoring points. The data from the BIM model is then quickly extracted and embedded into the existing 3D geographic information data package, including the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: In the tunnel's building information model, locate each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point to obtain the location information of each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point. At the same time, locate each person to obtain the location information of each person.

[0049] Step 2: Obtain monitoring data from each facility, equipment, and monitoring point. Based on the monitoring data, the location information of each tunnel facility, equipment, and monitoring point, as well as the location information of each person, determine the corresponding emergency plan using a decision tree algorithm.

[0050] Step 3: Obtain the combined configuration result based on the monitoring data, determine the analysis and calculation model based on the combined configuration result, and obtain the security perception and early warning result based on the analysis and calculation model and the monitoring data;

[0051] Step 4: Based on the results of the safety perception and early warning, issue instructions for the execution of the emergency plan.

[0052] Specifically, this invention combines the building information model of the tunnel with BIM models of several tunnel facilities and equipment and several monitoring points. This enables efficient, real-time, and visualized safety monitoring of tunnel construction, allowing for real-time viewing of construction progress and identification of hazards within the tunnel. Data from the BIM model is quickly extracted and embedded into the existing 3D geographic information data package, combining the macroscopic geographic representation of GIS technology with the microscopic, refined digitization of BIM technology, fully leveraging the characteristics of data analysis and management. Linking the location information of personnel within the tunnel with the building information model allows for real-time monitoring of personnel positioning within the tunnel, achieving efficient safety control. This significantly facilitates the escape and evacuation of personnel involved in accidents within the tunnel and greatly facilitates subsequent rescue operations, improving rescue efficiency. By locating tunnel facilities, equipment, and monitoring points, potential hazards or malfunctions can be pre-monitored, preventing accidents from occurring. Based on the results of safety perception and early warning, corresponding emergency response plans are executed, making the occurrence of hazards predictable. Furthermore, combined with the command of personnel, the rescue and escape processes after an hazard occurs are interconnected and coordinated.

[0053] Combined with appendix Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a dynamic inspection and monitoring process is further included before performing step 1, comprising:

[0054] A1. In the tunnel's building information model, an electronic tag is generated for each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point. The electronic tag includes equipment status, maintenance information, upkeep information, and inspection information.

[0055] A2. Associate each electronic tag with the basic information of the corresponding tunnel facilities, equipment, or monitoring points;

[0056] A3. Real-time acquisition of equipment status, maintenance information, upkeep information, and inspection information.

[0057] Specifically, electronic tags are also known as radio frequency tags, transponders, or data carriers; readers are also known as reading devices, scanners, read heads, communicators, or reader-writers (depending on whether the electronic tag can wirelessly rewrite data). The electronic tag and reader communicate via a coupling element to establish the radio frequency signal. The functions of electronic tags include: 1. Uniquely identifying assets; 2. Long reading distance, exceeding 10 meters; 3. Wide coverage, with the most advanced IoT technologies currently employing UHF electronic tag technology; 4. High data transmission speed, reaching a single tag reading rate of 170 tags per second. Therefore, the use of electronic tags facilitates the digital maintenance and management of daily tunnel facilities and equipment.

[0058] To further optimize the above plan, step 2 includes: determining the corresponding emergency plan based on the equipment status, maintenance information, upkeep information, inspection information, monitoring data, location information of each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point, as well as the location information of each person, using a decision tree algorithm.

[0059] Combined with appendix Figure 3 As shown, to further optimize the above scheme, a personnel posture recognition process is added between steps 1 and 2:

[0060] B1. Obtain the walking data of each person, and obtain the orientation of each person through the monitoring data of the corresponding monitoring points;

[0061] B2. Based on the walking data, calculate the changes in speed and stride length of the person.

[0062] B3. The posture of the person is obtained based on the changes in the person's speed and stride length. The posture includes upright walking, walking with bent back and straight knees, walking with bent back and bent knees, crawling, and stopping due to obstruction.

[0063] Specifically, when performing posture recognition, the main data obtained is the mobile phone feedback data of each person, that is, the mobile phone inertial navigation data fed back by the mobile phone pipeline device. The recognized postures mainly include upright walking state, bent-over and straight-knee walking state, bent-over and bent-knee walking state, crawling state, and obstructed and stopped state.

[0064] These three postures are commonly seen when people are trapped in tunnels and trying to escape. The upright walking posture is determined by the fact that it has the fastest speed and the largest average stride length. The bent-over walking posture has two variations: one is the bent-over straight-knee walking posture, which is determined by the fact that the stride length and speed decrease simultaneously and are less than those of upright walking; the other is the bent-over knee walking posture, which is determined by the fact that the speed decreases when bent-over knee walking and then experiences a sharp drop followed by a rapid rise after reaching a stable forward speed, while the stride length is slightly longer than that of bent-over knee walking. If both the stride length and speed are less than those of the bent-over knee and straight-knee walking postures, it is judged as a crawling posture. If the speed and stride length have a relatively stable initial phase but suddenly drop to zero and remain unchanged for a long time, it is assumed that the person has stopped moving. In this case, if the user's last location is inside the tunnel, it is assumed that they are trapped. Combining the person's posture with their location information can help determine the rescue priority during subsequent rescue efforts.

[0065] In this invention, the mobile phone inertial navigation device continuously records the user's walking data under normal circumstances, and uses it as the default step length and speed under no-danger conditions as the upright walking state. Then, based on the average change when the person is trapped, the current state of the person is determined.

[0066] The inertial navigation device used in this application is the inertial navigation element built into a smartphone, which can be used directly and is easy to operate. The inertial navigation data acquisition based on this invention is not affected by the model, while other technical data and acquisition are easily affected by different mobile phone systems (generally mostly used in Android systems).

[0067] Meanwhile, it does not require additional equipment, making it more acceptable to users. It makes the most of the existing facilities and equipment in the tunnel, eliminating the need for additional installation and regular maintenance to ensure accuracy, thus saving costs. The overall deployment is also simple and flexible, and its operation is not easily affected. Even in areas where some areas are not visible, it can still achieve relatively high positioning accuracy. The overall algorithm used is relatively simple, with no special requirements for the user's mobile phone model and system. It performs fewer calculations on the user's end, reducing power consumption and enhancing battery life. It does not require high computing power from the overall system, thus saving computing power and increasing processing efficiency.

[0068] To further optimize the above plan, step 2 includes: determining the corresponding emergency plan based on the equipment status, maintenance information, upkeep information, inspection information, monitoring data, location information of each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point, as well as the posture of each person.

[0069] Combined with appendix Figure 4 As shown, to further optimize the above solution, a location information visualization process is also included after B3 execution, including:

[0070] C1. Obtain the visual step point orientation of the person at the current moment based on the change in speed and the change in step length, and match it with the orientation of each person at the closest moment. Replace the original orientation of the person with the visual step point orientation at the closest moment to generate 2D position information.

[0071] C2. Based on the visual step point orientation information, match it with the tunnel depth, combine it with the calibrated 2D location information to generate 3D user positioning, and output it together with the tunnel's building information model data to the existing 3D geographic information data package to realize the visualization of personnel location information.

[0072] Specifically, location information visualization can help on-site commanders more intuitively judge the distribution of personnel in the tunnel; at the same time, it has the function of detecting user posture to determine the current status of personnel and infer the danger situation in the tunnel. This information will help the rescue personnel who arrive later to make rescue decisions.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the monitoring points include: tunnel deformation monitoring, settlement monitoring, stress and strain monitoring, environmental monitoring, liquid level monitoring, water pump and fan monitoring, lighting system monitoring, power distribution system monitoring, surveillance system monitoring, and access control system monitoring, and corresponding sensors are established in the BIM model.

[0074] Specifically, real-time monitoring is achieved by setting up corresponding sensors at each monitoring point. The monitoring of the corresponding tunnel facilities and equipment mainly includes the following parts: tunnel vibration, stress, settlement, operating status of each equipment, status of drainage pumps in each fire compartment, status of ventilation equipment, status of lighting equipment, status of fire detection equipment, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, ambient oxygen content, equipment information and inventory information, etc.

[0075] Combined with appendix Figure 5 As shown, a system suitable for tunnel early warning includes:

[0076] The data acquisition module is used to acquire monitoring data from various facilities, equipment, and monitoring points.

[0077] The positioning module is used to locate each tunnel facility, equipment and monitoring point in the tunnel's building information model, and obtain the positioning information of each tunnel facility, equipment and monitoring point. At the same time, it locates each person and obtains the positioning information of each person.

[0078] The determination module is used to determine the corresponding emergency plan based on the monitoring data, the location information of each tunnel facility and equipment, each monitoring point, and the location information of each person, using a decision tree algorithm.

[0079] The early warning module obtains the combined configuration result based on the monitoring data, determines the analysis and calculation model based on the combined configuration result, and obtains the safety perception early warning result based on the analysis and calculation model and the monitoring data.

[0080] The instruction module is used to issue execution instructions for emergency plans based on the results of safety perception and early warning.

[0081] Combined with appendix Figure 6 As shown, a computer device includes:

[0082] Communication interface;

[0083] At least one processor connected to a communication interface; and

[0084] At least one memory, connected to a processor, stores program instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause at least one processor to perform any of the above methods applicable to tunnel early warning.

[0085] Combined with appendix Figure 7 As shown, a computer-readable storage medium stores program instructions thereon, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the above methods applicable to tunnel early warning.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for tunnel early warning, comprising pre-establishing a Building Information Model (BIM) of the tunnel, the BIM including several tunnel facilities and equipment and several monitoring points, and rapidly extracting and embedding data from the BIM model into a current three-dimensional geographic information data package, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: In the building information model of the tunnel, locate each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point to obtain the location information of each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point. At the same time, locate each person to obtain the location information of each person. Step 2: Obtain monitoring data of each facility and equipment and each monitoring point; based on the monitoring data, the location information of each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point, the location information of each person, and the posture of each person, determine the corresponding emergency plan based on the decision tree algorithm. Step 3: Obtain the combined configuration result based on the monitoring data, determine the analysis and calculation model based on the combined configuration result, and obtain the security perception and early warning result based on the analysis and calculation model and the monitoring data; Step 4: Based on the results of the security perception and early warning, issue the execution instruction information of the emergency plan; Between step 1 and step 2, a personnel posture recognition process is also included: B1. Obtain the walking data of each person and obtain the orientation of each person through the monitoring data of the corresponding monitoring points; B2. Based on the walking data, calculate the change in the person's speed and the change in step length; B3. The posture of the person is obtained based on the change in the person's speed and the change in the step length. Combined with the person's posture and the corresponding person's location information, the posture helps to determine the priority of rescue in subsequent rescue. The posture includes upright walking state, bent-over straight-knee walking state, bent-over bent-knee walking state, crawling state, and stopped state when obstructed.

2. The method for tunnel early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Prior to performing step 1, a dynamic inspection and monitoring process is also included, including: A1. In the tunnel's building information model, an electronic tag is generated for each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point. The electronic tag includes equipment status, maintenance information, upkeep information, and inspection information. A2. Associate each of the electronic tags with the basic information of the corresponding tunnel facilities or monitoring points; A3. Real-time acquisition of the equipment status, maintenance information, upkeep information, and inspection information.

3. The method for tunnel early warning according to claim 2, characterized in that, After B3 is executed, a location information visualization process is also included, including: C1. Obtain the visual step point orientation of the person at the current moment based on the speed change and the step length change, and match it with the orientation of each person at the closest moment. Replace the original orientation of the person with the visual step point orientation at the closest moment to generate 2D position information. C2. Based on the visual step point orientation information, match it with the depth of the tunnel, combine it with the calibrated 2D location information to generate 3D user positioning, and output it together with the data of the tunnel's building information model to the existing 3D geographic information data package to realize the visualization of the personnel's location information.

4. The method for tunnel early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the monitoring points include: deformation monitoring, settlement monitoring, stress and strain monitoring, environmental monitoring, liquid level monitoring, water pump and fan monitoring, lighting system monitoring, power distribution system monitoring, surveillance system monitoring, and access control system monitoring of the tunnel. Corresponding sensors are established in the BIM model for each of these.

5. A system suitable for tunnel early warning, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition module, a positioning module, a determination module, an early warning module, and an indication module. The acquisition module is electrically connected to the positioning module, the determination module and the early warning module respectively, and is used to acquire monitoring data of each facility and equipment and each monitoring point. The monitoring data includes people's walking data and corresponding orientation. The positioning module is used to locate each of the tunnel facilities and equipment and each of the monitoring points in the tunnel's building information model, to obtain the positioning information of each of the tunnel facilities and equipment and each of the monitoring points, and at the same time to locate each of the personnel, to obtain the positioning information of each of the personnel; The determining module is electrically connected to the positioning module and is used to calculate the speed change and step length change of the personnel based on the monitoring data, the positioning information of each tunnel facility and equipment and each monitoring point, and the positioning information of each personnel. Based on the speed change and step length change of the personnel, the posture of the personnel is obtained. Combining the posture of the personnel with the corresponding positioning information, the rescue priority is determined in subsequent rescue, and the corresponding emergency plan is determined based on the decision tree algorithm. The posture includes upright walking state, bent-over straight-knee walking state, bent-over bent-knee walking state, crawling state, and obstructed stopping state. The early warning module is used to obtain the result of the combined configuration based on the monitoring data, determine the analysis and calculation model based on the result of the combined configuration, and obtain the result of the security perception early warning based on the analysis and calculation model and the monitoring data. The instruction module is electrically connected to the early warning module and is used to issue execution instruction information for the emergency plan based on the result of the safety perception early warning.

6. A device, characterized in that, include: Communication interface; At least one processor connected to the communication interface; as well as At least one memory, connected to the processor, stores program instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method for tunnel early warning as described in any one of claims 1-4.

7. A readable storage medium having program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer performs the method for tunnel early warning as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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