A deep shaft full-face tunneling machine upper slag discharge system and method

Abstract

The application provides a deep shaft full-face tunneling machine upper slag discharging system, which comprises a first bucket elevator slag discharging unit, an underground loading unit, a second elevator slag discharging unit, an upper unloading unit and a control unit. The first bucket elevator slag discharging unit comprises a tunneling machine and a bucket elevator; the bucket elevator discharges rock slag to the underground loading unit. The underground loading unit comprises a buffer bin and a quantitative bin; the buffer bin receives rock slag, and the quantitative bin loads the rock slag to the second elevator slag discharging unit. The second elevator slag discharging unit comprises a skip and an elevator; the skip receives rock slag, and the elevator is lifted to the well mouth. The upper unloading unit comprises an external power opening and closing device and the like; the rock slag is unloaded to a pit through the external power opening and closing device and an unloading chute, and is loaded into a vehicle through a loader. The application also provides a method for discharging rock slag upward in a shaft by using the system. The application adopts a two-stage lifting full-automatic continuous slag discharging mode, can realize efficient continuous operation, and lays a solid foundation for intelligent and efficient well construction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of underground engineering construction, in particular to a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine upper slag discharge system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The vertical shaft, also known as the vertical shaft, is the main passage for underground mining, long tunnel ventilation and other underground engineering, and has an irreplaceable position in underground engineering. In the current deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine construction, how to realize efficient and continuous upper slag discharge has become a key technical problem affecting the construction of vertical shafts at home and abroad, which further affects the efficiency of deep well construction.

[0003] The first traditional slag discharge method is the mud circulating slag discharge method. A certain proportion of mud wraps and carries rock slag, which is lifted and transported by a mud pump, and then the mud returns to the working face for recycling. In shallow wells (100m), it can be directly transported to the ground; in medium and deep wells, a number of relay stations need to be set up to relay the transportation to the ground. The disadvantages are low mud recycling efficiency, high energy consumption, large-scale rock slag easily blocking the pipe, high failure rate, limited shaft space, difficult to set up relay stations, and poor reliability; and a variety of chemical agents are added to the mud, which is difficult to meet environmental protection requirements.

[0004] The second traditional slag discharge method is the combination of a primary slag discharge pump and a secondary lifting bucket. A water and slag separation device needs to be set up on the hoist platform, the slag discharge pump transports water and rock slag to the water and slag separation device on the hoist platform, and the separated rock slag is transported to the ground by the hoist bucket driven by the winch. The disadvantages are: the hoist bucket transportation is difficult to realize process automation (especially the loading and unloading links); the whole process is complex, the equipment is much, and it is not continuous; the slag discharge efficiency is low.

[0005] To solve the above problems existing in the traditional slag discharge method, the company designs a vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine upper slag discharge system and method, and applies for a patent (CN 115324582A). The technical solution is actually a continuous water-based slag discharge, which uses wet slag discharge technology and needs water as a medium, and the water content in the slag slurry is in the majority. Since there are two technical routes for slag discharge, wet slag discharge and dry slag discharge, and the dry slag discharge technical solution is lower in energy consumption, it has more advantages in application than wet slag discharge. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine upper slag discharge system and method based on the dry slag discharge technical route. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine upper slag discharge system and method based on dry slag discharge technology.

[0007] The present application solves the above technical problems by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0008] A kind of deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine upper slag system, including first bucket elevator slag removal unit, underground loading unit, second hoist slag removal unit, unloading unit and control unit above well;

[0009] The first bucket elevator slag removal unit includes full-face tunneling machine, bucket elevator;The full-face tunneling machine is located at the bottom, for tunneling in the vertical shaft rock breaking;The bucket elevator is used to the rock debris of the full-face tunneling machine broken to the underground loading unit up row;

[0010] The underground loading unit includes rock debris buffer bin, quantitative bin;The rock debris buffer bin is used to receive the rock debris from the bucket elevator and pass to quantitative bin;The quantitative bin is used to weigh the rock debris, and the rock debris after quantitative weighing is loaded to the second hoist slag removal unit;

[0011] The second hoist slag removal unit includes skip, hoist;The skip is used to receive the rock debris from the quantitative bin, and is up to the wellhead ground by the hoist;

[0012] The unloading unit above well includes external power opening and closing device, unloading chute, pit, loader, car;The rock debris in the skip is unloaded to the pit by the power opening and closing device, unloading chute, and is loaded into the car by the loader and transported out;

[0013] The control unit is used for slag removal process control.

[0014] As one of the preferred modes of the application, the first bucket elevator slag removal unit further includes outer shield, sliding structure;The bucket elevator is located in the outer shield, and is slidably connected with the outer shield by the sliding structure.

[0015] As one of the preferred modes of the application, the rock debris buffer bin of the underground loading unit is provided with a level meter, a rock debris bin hydraulic control gate, a loading air blowing device, a mud collecting device and a mud collecting air blowing device;The quantitative bin is provided with a quantitative bin weighing device, a quantitative bin air blowing device and a quantitative bin hydraulic control gate.

[0016] As one of the preferred modes of the application, the underground loading unit further includes telescopic bin and underground hydraulic station;The telescopic bin is arranged at the top of the rock debris buffer bin, and the rock debris from the bucket elevator discharge port reaches the rock debris buffer bin after passing through the telescopic bin;The underground hydraulic station is arranged on one side of the rock debris buffer bin, and is used for hydraulic drive of the quantitative bin hydraulic control gate and the rock debris bin hydraulic control gate.

[0017] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the secondary hoist slag discharge unit further includes a hoisting wire rope, a shaft sinking frame, and a hoisting sheave for hoisting coordination; the shaft sinking frame is set at the shaft opening, the hoisting sheave is installed on the sheave platform at the top of the shaft sinking frame, and the hoist is arranged on both sides of the shaft sinking frame, and the hoist is connected to the corresponding hoisting sheave and skip via the hoisting wire rope.

[0018] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the secondary hoist slag discharge unit is provided with two independent hoisting systems, each hoisting system including a hoist and a skip; the skip is a single-rope skip, the upper layer of the skip is used to carry people and parts, and the lower layer of the skip is a skip structure used to load rock slag.

[0019] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the control unit includes a ground control center, cables, a loading signal station, and a skip position signal sensor group; the ground control center is located on the ground outside the shaft and is connected to the primary bucket elevator slag discharge unit, the underground loading unit, the secondary hoist slag discharge unit, and the surface unloading unit via cables; the loading signal station is located around the rock slag buffer silo and is used to collect loading signals from the skip and the rock slag buffer silo and feed them back to the ground control center; the skip position signal sensor group is located at the shaft opening and bottom and is used to acquire skip position signals and feed them back to the ground control center.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slag discharge and hoisting system further includes a flexible guide rail unit; the flexible guide rail unit includes a flexible guide rail stabilizer, a flexible guide rail sheave, a flexible guide rail dynamic tensioning device, a flexible guide rail rope, a surface hydraulic station, and a flexible guide rail dynamic guidance control device; the flexible guide rail stabilizer is arranged on both sides of the shaft opening for collecting and lowering the flexible guide rail rope; the flexible guide rail rope is sequentially connected to the flexible guide rail sheave and the flexible guide rail dynamic tensioning device until it engages with the fixed lugs on both sides of the skip; the surface hydraulic station is used to control the flexible guide rail hydraulic tensioning device and the skip gate; the flexible guide rail dynamic guidance control device is used for adjusting, displaying, and alarming the tension of the guide rail rope.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slag removal and hoisting system further includes a rigid guideway unit for both above-ground and below-ground operation; the rigid guideway unit includes a frame, a crash beam, an above-ground rigid guideway, a below-ground rigid guideway, and a hoisting platform; the frame is installed above ground and has a crash beam installed on it; the above-ground rigid guideway is fixed to the frame and cooperates with the fixed lugs of the skip for above-ground guidance of the skip; the below-ground rigid guideway is fixed inside the hoisting platform and cooperates with the fixed lugs of the skip for below-ground guidance of the skip; the hoisting platform is arranged in the well and contains a slag buffer bin, a metering bin, a bucket elevator, a skip passage, and a below-ground rigid guideway.

[0022] A method for removing slag from a vertical shaft using the aforementioned slag removal and lifting system includes the following steps:

[0023] (1) The full-face tunneling machine is tunneling inside the shaft;

[0024] (2) The primary bucket elevator muck discharge unit uses a bucket elevator to discharge the rock slag crushed by the full-face tunneling machine to the rock slag buffer bin of the secondary underground loading unit;

[0025] (3) Rock slag enters the quantitative bin from the rock slag buffer bin, and after being weighed quantitatively by the quantitative bin, it is automatically loaded into the skip of the secondary hoist slag discharge unit;

[0026] (4) After the skip is loaded with the appropriate amount of rock debris, it is lifted to the ground by the hoist via a steel wire rope and then stops.

[0027] (5) After the skip stops, the rock debris is unloaded into the pit with the help of the power opening and closing device and the unloading chute;

[0028] (6) The rock debris in the pit was loaded into trucks by a loader and transported out.

[0029] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0030] This invention employs a two-stage, fully automated, continuous slag removal system, enabling efficient and continuous operation and laying a solid foundation for intelligent and efficient well construction. The two-stage slag removal system utilizes a winding hoist, theoretically capable of slag removal from vertical shafts up to 3000m deep, eliminating the difficulty of setting up relay stations in hydraulic slag removal methods and ensuring high reliability. Furthermore, compared to traditional bucket hoisting, this invention uses skip hoisting and is equipped with an automatic quantitative loading bin for rock slag underground, an automatic unloading facility above ground, a flexible guide system, a compressed air purging unit, a rigid guide system for both above-ground and underground operation, and a control system. This ensures fully automated, continuous operation of the two-stage slag removal system, overcoming the limitations of bucket hoisting. Compared to the existing CN115324582A patent technology, this invention, based on a dry slag removal technology, offers lower energy consumption and greater application advantages. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the slag removal system on the deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a side view of the slag removal system on the deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the primary bucket elevator slag discharge unit and the underground loading unit in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the side view structure;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the secondary hoist slag discharge unit and the surface unloading unit in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the flexible tank guide unit and the rigid tank guide unit above and below ground in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A bottom-view sectional view of the structure at the central suspension plate;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mud and water collection principle at the bottom of the rock slag buffer chamber in Example 1.

[0039] In the diagram: 1 is the primary bucket elevator muck removal unit; 11 is the full-face tunneling machine; 12 is the bucket elevator; 13 is the outer protective cover; 14 is the sliding structure; 2 is the underground loading unit; 21 is the telescopic bin; 22 is the rock muck buffer bin; 221 is the level gauge; 222 is the hydraulic control gate of the rock muck bin; 223 is the compressed air purging device for loading; 224 is the mud and water collection device; 225 is the compressed air purging device for mud and water collection; 23 is the metering bin; 231 is the metering bin weighing device; 232 is the metering bin compressed air purging device; 233 is the metering bin hydraulic control gate; 24 is the underground hydraulic station; 3 is the secondary hoist muck removal unit; 31 is the skip; 311 is the side-discharge gate; 312 is the compressed air purging port for surface unloading; 32 is the hoist. 33 is the hoisting wire rope, 34 is the wellhead, 35 is the hoisting sheave, 4 is the flexible guide rail unit, 41 is the stabilizing trolley for the flexible guide rail, 42 is the sheave for the flexible guide rail, 43 is the dynamic tensioning device for the flexible guide rail, 44 is the flexible guide rail rope, 45 is the surface hydraulic station, 46 is the dynamic guidance control device for the flexible guide rail, 5 is the surface and surface rigid guide rail unit, 51 is the frame, 52 is the anti-collision beam, 53 is the surface rigid guide rail, 54 is the surface rigid guide rail, 55 is the hoisting platform, 6 is the surface unloading unit, 61 is the external power opening and closing device, 62 is the unloading chute, 63 is the pit, 64 is the loader, 65 is the truck, 7 is the control unit, 71 is the ground control center, 72 is the cable, and 73 is the loading signal station. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figures 1-8As shown in the figure, a slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine in this embodiment includes a primary bucket elevator slag removal unit 1, an underground loading unit 2, a secondary hoist slag removal unit 3, a flexible guide tank duct unit 4, an underground and above-ground rigid guide tank duct unit 5, an above-ground unloading unit 6, and a control unit 7.

[0043] I. Primary Bucket Elevator Slag Discharge Unit 1

[0044] The primary bucket elevator slag removal unit 1 includes a full-face tunneling machine 11, a bucket elevator 12, an outer protective cover 13, and a sliding structure 14.

[0045] The full-face tunneling machine 11 is located at the bottom and is used for tunneling and breaking rocks inside the shaft. The bucket elevator 12 is used to discharge the rock debris broken by the full-face tunneling machine 11 upwards to the underground loading unit 2. The bucket elevator 12 is located inside the outer protective cover 13 and is slidably connected to the outer protective cover 13 through the sliding structure 14.

[0046] II. Downhole Loading Unit 2

[0047] The downhole loading unit 2 includes a telescopic chamber 21, a rock cuttings buffer chamber 22, a metering chamber 23, and a downhole hydraulic station 24.

[0048] The telescopic bin 21 is located on top of the rock slag buffer bin 22 and has a telescopic function; the rock slag from the discharge port of the bucket elevator 12 passes through the telescopic bin 21 and then reaches the rock slag buffer bin 22.

[0049] The rock slag buffer silo 22 is responsible for receiving and buffering rock slag, and transferring it to the metering silo 23. Its capacity is generally 1-3 skips. Specifically, the rock slag buffer silo 22 is equipped with a level gauge 221 to monitor the material level and prevent it from becoming too high. The control unit 7 can adjust the operating speed of the bucket elevator 12 in real time according to the material level, controlling the material inflow rate of the bucket elevator 12 to achieve stable and continuous system operation. The rock slag buffer silo 22 is equipped with a rock slag silo hydraulic control gate 222 to control the entry of rock slag into the metering silo 23; it is a side-discharge type with an angle of 45°~55°; the gate closes promptly based on the metering weighing signal. The rock slag buffer silo 22 is equipped with a loading compressed air auxiliary device 223: located on both sides of the silo, arranged in two rows, DN10~DN50, with an angle of 15°~75°. The rock slag buffer silo 22 is equipped with a mud-water collection device 224 for collecting the rock slag mixed with mud and water. This device consists of a reducer, mud-water pipelines (diameter DN15~DN100), manual valves, and a mud-water collection tank (with vent valve and drain valve). The rock slag buffer silo 22 is also equipped with a compressed air-assisted blowing device 225 for mud-water collection. The blowing pipeline has a diameter of DN10~DN25 and provides intermittent blowing to prevent pipe blockage. The blowing pipeline is obliquely connected to the mud pipeline at an angle of 15°~75°.

[0050] The quantitative silo 23 is a single skip, serving both buffering and quantitative functions. Rock debris from the rock debris buffer silo 22 is unloaded into the quantitative silo 23. After the weight of the single skip is weighed, the hydraulic control gate 222 of the rock debris silo is closed, and the hydraulic control gate 233 of the quantitative silo silo is opened to unload the rock debris into the secondary hoist slag discharge unit 3 assembly. Specifically, the quantitative silo 23 is equipped with a quantitative silo weighing device 231: a hydraulic component weighing structure for single-point weighing. The quantitative silo 23 is also equipped with a quantitative silo compressed air auxiliary blowing device 232: the auxiliary blowing solenoid valve and the hydraulic gate open and close synchronously for synchronous blowing, with an auxiliary blowing pipeline diameter of DN10~DN50 and an angle of 15°~75°. The quantitative silo 23 is equipped with a quantitative silo hydraulic control gate 233: a side-discharge type with an angle of 45°~55°.

[0051] The downhole hydraulic station 24 is located on one side of the rock cuttings buffer chamber 22 and is used for the hydraulic drive of the quantitative chamber hydraulic control gate 233 and the rock cuttings chamber hydraulic control gate 222.

[0052] In this embodiment, the downhole loading unit 2 consists of the aforementioned components. The slag from the bucket elevator 12 enters the telescopic chamber 21 and the slag buffer chamber 22; after buffering, it is unloaded into the quantitative chamber 23; after quantitative weighing, the hydraulic control gate 222 of the slag chamber is closed, and the hydraulic control gate 233 of the quantitative chamber is opened to load the slag into the secondary hoist slag discharge unit 3 assembly. During loading, the hydraulic control gate 233 of the quantitative chamber is first opened 30%~50%, and after a continuous slag flow is formed with the help of compressed air (2~5 seconds), the hydraulic control gate 233 of the quantitative chamber is fully opened for unloading; this ensures smooth flow of unloaded slag and avoids slow unloading or large clumps of slag being unloaded into the suspended container, causing severe longitudinal vibration of the container (especially in deep wells). The rock slag buffer silo 22 is equipped with a level gauge 221 to monitor the material level in the rock slag buffer silo 22 and prevent the material level in the silo from being too high; the control unit 7 can adjust the running speed of the bucket elevator 12 in real time according to the material level to control the amount of material coming into the bucket elevator 12; the rock slag is mixed with mud and water, and a mud and water collection device 224 is set at the bottom of the rock slag buffer silo 22 to collect the mud and water.

[0053] III. Secondary Elevator Slag Discharge Unit 3

[0054] The secondary hoist slag discharge unit 3 includes a skip 31, a hoist 32, and hoisting wire ropes 33, a well sinker 34, and a hoisting sheave 35 for hoisting coordination with the hoist 32.

[0055] The well drilling rig 34 is set at the wellhead of the vertical shaft.

[0056] Lifting sheave 35, which is the sheave platform installed on top of the well drilling rig 34.

[0057] The lifting wire rope 33 is made of high tensile strength rope.

[0058] The hoist 32 is arranged on both sides of the well sinking frame 34 and is connected to the corresponding hoisting sheave 35 and skip 31 by hoisting wire rope 33.

[0059] Skip 31 is used to receive rock cuttings from quantitative bin 23 and lift them to the surface at the wellhead via hoist 32. Specifically, skip 31 is a single-rope skip; the upper layer can carry people and small parts, while the lower layer is a skip structure loaded with rock cuttings. Skip 31 is equipped with a side-discharge gate 311: during unloading, the gate is opened by the external power opening and closing device 61 of the surface unloading unit 6, driven by the surface hydraulic station 45 of the flexible guide unit 4. Skip 31 is equipped with a compressed air purging port 312 for surface unloading: 1 to 5 nozzles with a diameter of DN10 to DN65 are provided; during unloading, compressed air purging is used to prevent the mixture of rock cuttings and water from "bridging" or "arching" within the skip 31.

[0060] In this embodiment, the secondary hoist slag discharge unit 3 is equipped with two independent hoisting systems to ensure the reliability of the hoisting system. Two hoists 32 are set up to each hoist one skip 31. The capacity of the secondary slag discharge section is slightly larger than that of the bucket elevator 12, ensuring continuous and coordinated operation of the two-stage system.

[0061] IV. Flexible Tank Guide Unit 4

[0062] The flexible tank guide unit 4 includes a flexible tank guide stabilizer 41, a flexible tank guide sheave 42, a flexible tank guide dynamic tensioning device 43, a flexible tank guide rope 44, an surface hydraulic station 45, and a flexible tank guide dynamic guidance control device 46.

[0063] The flexible guide car 41 is arranged on both sides of the shaft opening for collecting and lowering the flexible guide rope 44.

[0064] The flexible guide rope 44 is sequentially connected to the flexible guide sheave 42 and the flexible guide dynamic tensioning device 43 until it engages with the fixed guide lugs on both sides of the skip 31. Specifically, each of the two skips 31 is equipped with two or four flexible guide ropes 44 for guidance. The flexible guide rope 44 can also serve as a suspension rope to suspend the suspended platform 55, thereby improving the suspension capacity of the suspension system.

[0065] The wellhead hydraulic station 45 is used to control the flexible tank guide hydraulic tensioning device 43 (an existing tank guide hydraulic tensioning device can be used) and the side-discharge gate 311 of the skip 31.

[0066] The flexible guideway dynamic guidance control device 43, equipped with a PLC control system and a sensing system, realizes automatic adjustment, display and alarm of the tension of the flexible guideway rope 44.

[0067] In this embodiment, the flexible guide unit 4 consists of the aforementioned components. The tension of the flexible guide is adjusted in real time according to changes in lifting height to control the swing of the skip 31 to within the allowable range, ensuring the safe operation of the hoisting system. When the hoisting platform 55 (the hoisting platform 55 of the rigid guide unit 5) is lowered, the flexible guide dynamic tensioning device 43 releases the flexible guide rope 44, which follows the hoisting platform 55 as it is lowered under the action of the flexible guide stabilizer 41. After the hoisting platform 55 is in place, the flexible guide stabilizer 44 stops, and the flexible guide dynamic tensioning device 43, driven and controlled by the surface hydraulic station 45 and control unit 7, engages the flexible guide rope 44 to tension it to the tension calculated by the control system. Since the length of the wire rope is dynamically changing, the tensioning device must have a dynamic adjustment function.

[0068] V. Rigid guideway unit 5 for surface and underground access

[0069] The rigid guideway unit 5 includes a frame 51, a crash beam 52, a rigid guideway above ground 53, a rigid guideway below ground 54, and a lifting platform 55.

[0070] The frame 51 is installed above the well and is used to fix the steel structure of the tank passage.

[0071] The anti-collision beam 52 is fixed to the sleeve 51 to prevent the skip 31 from impacting the components of the derrick structure after over-winding. The distance between the anti-collision beam 52 and the container's stopping position is determined according to the hoisting speed.

[0072] The rigid guide rail 53 is anchored and fixed to the frame 51, and cooperates with the fixed lug of the skip 31 to guide and stabilize the skip 31 on the well. Specifically, it adopts a square steel structure, and the end of the rigid guide rail is equipped with a conical head to facilitate the entry of the skip 31; the taper of the conical head is 1:100~1:20.

[0073] The rigid guideway 54 is anchored and fixed inside the lifting platform 55, and cooperates with the fixed guide lug of the skip 31 to guide and stabilize the container underground. Specifically, it adopts a square steel structure, and the end of the rigid guideway is equipped with a tapered head to facilitate the entry of the container. The taper of the tapered head is 1:100~1:20.

[0074] The hoisting platform 55 is a multi-level large hoisting platform with a steel structure. It is equipped with a telescopic chamber 21, a rock debris buffer chamber 22, a quantitative chamber 23, a bucket elevator 12, a skip passage 31, and an underground rigid tank passage 54, etc., and performs multiple functions.

[0075] In this embodiment, the rigid tank passage unit 5 above and below ground consists of the above-mentioned parts and mainly plays the role of stabilizing the tank, that is, stabilizing the skip 31 and avoiding lateral swaying during loading and unloading.

[0076] VI. Wellhead Unloading Unit 6

[0077] The well unloading unit 6 includes an external power opening and closing device 61, an unloading chute 62, a pit 63, a loader 64, and a truck 65.

[0078] After the skip 31 comes to a stop on the surface, the external power opening and closing device 61, driven and controlled by the hydraulic station 45 on the surface, opens the side unloading gate 311 of the skip 31. The rock cuttings enter the pit 63 through the unloading chute 62. The loader 64 loads the rock cuttings in the pit 63 into the truck 65 and transports them away.

[0079] VII. Control Unit 7

[0080] The control unit package 7 includes a ground control center 71, a cable 72, a loading signal station 73, and a skip position signal sensor group.

[0081] The ground control center 71 is located on the ground outside the shaft and is connected to the primary bucket elevator slag discharge unit 1, the underground loading unit 2, the secondary hoist slag discharge unit 3, the flexible tank guide unit 4, the underground and above-ground rigid tank guide unit 5, and the above-ground unloading unit 6 via cable 72.

[0082] Loading signal station 73 is set up around rock slag buffer 22 to collect loading signals from skip 31 and rock slag buffer 22 and feed them back to ground control center 71.

[0083] The skip position signal sensor group is arranged at the wellhead and bottom of the shaft to acquire the position signal of the skip 31 and feed it back to the ground control center 71.

[0084] In this embodiment, the control unit 7 is composed of the above parts, realizing fully automatic continuous operation and enabling unattended operation.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] This embodiment presents a method for vertical shaft slag removal using an upper system:

[0087] Slag removal process:

[0088] (1) The full-face tunneling machine 11 is tunneling in the well.

[0089] (2) The bucket elevator 12 discharges the rock debris crushed by the full-face tunneling machine 11 to the telescopic chamber 21.

[0090] (3) Rock cuttings enter the rock cuttings buffer chamber 22 from the telescopic chamber 21, and after buffering, they enter the quantitative chamber 23. After being quantitatively weighed by the quantitative chamber 23, they are automatically loaded into the skip 31. During loading, the hydraulic control gate 233 of the quantitative chamber is opened 30%~50% first. After forming a continuous rock cuttings flow with the help of compressed air (2~5 seconds), the hydraulic control gate 233 of the quantitative chamber is fully opened to unload, ensuring smooth flow of unloaded rock cuttings and avoiding slow unloading of rock cuttings or large pieces of rock cuttings being unloaded into the suspended container, causing severe longitudinal vibration of the container (especially in deep wells). The rock cuttings buffer chamber 22 is equipped with a level gauge 221 to monitor the material level in the rock cuttings buffer chamber 22 and avoid the material level in the chamber being too high. The control unit 7 adjusts the running speed of the bucket elevator 12 in real time according to the material level to control the amount of material coming into the bucket elevator 12. The rock cuttings are mixed with mud and water. A mud and water collection device 224 is set at the bottom of the rock cuttings buffer chamber 22 to collect the mud and water.

[0091] (4) After the skip 31 is loaded underground, the loading signal station 73 of the control unit 7 sends a signal, the hoist 32 operates, pulls the hoisting wire rope 33 and drives the skip 31 to the unloading point above ground according to the planned speed diagram. After the position sensor detects the deceleration, creeping and arrival signals in sequence, the skip stops. During the operation of the skip 31, it is guided by the flexible guide unit 4, and the upper and lower openings are guided and stabilized by the rigid guides set on the frame 51 and the lifting platform 55, respectively.

[0092] (5) After the skip 31 stops on the surface, the external power opening and closing device 61, driven and controlled by the hydraulic station 45 on the surface, opens the side unloading gate 311 of the skip 31; at the same time, the compressed air blowing valve is opened, and the rock cuttings enter the pit 63 through the unloading chute 62.

[0093] (6) The rock debris in the pit 63 is loaded into truck 65 by loader 64 and transported out.

[0094] The process of moving the slag removal system downwards:

[0095] After the full-face tunneling machine 11 drills one stroke (400~500mm), it is pushed down one stroke. The bucket elevator 12 moves synchronously with the tunneling machine, while the secondary hoist muck discharge unit 3 remains stationary. The bucket elevator 12 slides longitudinally down one stroke within the outer protective cover 13, and the unloading port of the bucket elevator 12 also slides down one stroke in the telescopic bin 21. After several strokes in this cycle, when the first section height (3~4m) is reached, the wire rope suspension platform 55 and the underground loading unit 2 are lowered by one section height. The flexible guideway dynamic tensioning device 43 loosens the rope, and the flexible guideway, under the action of the flexible guideway stabilizer 41, is lowered synchronously with the platform 55 by one section height. The flexible guideway dynamic tensioning device 43 then re-tensions the flexible guideway rope 44 to the tension calculated by the control system.

[0096] Control unit 7 controls the slag discharge process to operate automatically and continuously, achieving unattended operation.

[0097] Furthermore, it should be noted that in this invention, the rock debris crushed by the full-face tunneling machine 11 has a small particle size, with more than 30% of the debris having a particle size ≤1mm. Under suitable moisture content, unloading is difficult, therefore a compressed air-assisted blowing unit is installed. An air compressor and an air storage tank constitute the air source, and compressed air is delivered to the air-using points through compressed air pipelines: the surface unloading point, the underground quantitative silo 23 unloading point, the rock debris buffer silo 22 unloading point, and the mud and water collection device 224. Compressed air is used at all four locations to assist unloading or prevent pipe blockage.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine, characterized in that, It includes a primary bucket elevator slag discharge unit, an underground loading unit, a secondary hoist slag discharge unit, an above-ground unloading unit, and a control unit; The primary bucket elevator muck removal unit includes a full-face tunneling machine and a bucket elevator; the full-face tunneling machine is located at the bottom and is used for tunneling and breaking rock in the vertical shaft; the bucket elevator is used to discharge the rock muck broken by the full-face tunneling machine upwards to the underground loading unit; The downhole loading unit includes a rock cuttings buffer bin and a metering bin; the rock cuttings buffer bin is used to receive rock cuttings from the bucket elevator and transfer them to the metering bin; the metering bin is used to weigh the rock cuttings and load the weighed rock cuttings into the secondary hoist slag discharge unit. The secondary hoist slag discharge unit includes a skip and a hoist; the skip is used to receive rock slag from the quantitative bin and lift it upwards to the wellhead surface via the hoist; The surface unloading unit includes an external power opening and closing device, an unloading chute, a pit, a loader, and a truck; the rock cuttings in the skip are unloaded into the pit through the external power opening and closing device and the unloading chute, and then loaded into a truck by the loader for transportation. The control unit is used for slag discharge process control; The slag discharge system also includes a flexible guideway unit; the flexible guideway unit includes a flexible guideway stabilizer, a flexible guideway sheave, a flexible guideway dynamic tensioning device, a flexible guideway rope, a surface hydraulic station, and a flexible guideway dynamic guidance control device; the flexible guideway stabilizer is arranged on both sides of the shaft opening for collecting and lowering the flexible guideway rope; the flexible guideway rope is sequentially connected to the flexible guideway sheave and the flexible guideway dynamic tensioning device until it engages with the fixed lugs on both sides of the skip; the surface hydraulic station is used to control the flexible guideway hydraulic tensioning device and the skip gate; the flexible guideway dynamic guidance control device is used for adjusting, displaying, and alarming the tension of the guideway rope.

2. The slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary bucket elevator slag discharge unit also includes an outer protective cover and a sliding structure; the bucket elevator is located inside the outer protective cover and is slidably connected to the outer protective cover through the sliding structure.

3. The slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock cuttings buffer bin of the downhole loading unit is equipped with a level gauge, a rock cuttings bin hydraulic control gate, a loading compressed air blowing device, a mud and water collection device, and a mud and water collection compressed air blowing device; the metering bin is equipped with a metering bin weighing device, a metering bin compressed air blowing device, and a metering bin hydraulic control gate.

4. The slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The downhole loading unit also includes a telescopic chamber and a downhole hydraulic station; the telescopic chamber is located on top of the rock debris buffer chamber, and the rock debris from the bucket elevator discharge port passes through the telescopic chamber to reach the rock debris buffer chamber; the downhole hydraulic station is located on one side of the rock debris buffer chamber and is used for the hydraulic drive of the metering chamber hydraulic control gate and the rock debris chamber hydraulic control gate.

5. The slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary hoist slag removal unit also includes hoisting wire ropes, a shaft sinking frame, and a hoisting sheave for hoisting coordination; the shaft sinking frame is set at the shaft opening, the hoisting sheave is installed on the sheave platform at the top of the shaft sinking frame, and the hoist is arranged on both sides of the shaft sinking frame, with the hoist connected to the corresponding hoisting sheave and skip via hoisting wire ropes.

6. The slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary hoist slag discharge unit is equipped with two independent hoisting systems. Each hoisting system includes a hoist and a skip. The skip is a single-rope skip. The upper layer of the skip is used to carry people and parts, and the lower layer is a skip structure used to load rock slag.

7. The slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes a ground control center, cables, a loading signal station, and a skip position signal sensor group. The ground control center is located on the ground outside the shaft and is connected to the primary bucket elevator slag removal unit, the underground loading unit, the secondary hoist slag removal unit, and the surface unloading unit via cables. The loading signal station is located around the rock slag buffer silo and is used to collect loading signals between the skip and the rock slag buffer silo and feed them back to the ground control center. The skip position signal sensor group is located at the shaft opening and bottom and is used to acquire skip position signals and feed them back to the ground control center.

8. The slag removal system for a deep vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag removal system also includes a rigid guideway unit for both above-ground and below-ground operation; the rigid guideway unit includes a frame, a crash beam, an above-ground rigid guideway, a below-ground rigid guideway, and a hoisting platform; the frame is installed above ground and has a crash beam on it; the above-ground rigid guideway is fixed to the frame and cooperates with the fixed lugs of the skip for above-ground guidance of the skip; the below-ground rigid guideway is fixed inside the hoisting platform and cooperates with the fixed lugs of the skip for below-ground guidance of the skip; the hoisting platform is arranged in the well and contains a slag buffer bin, a metering bin, a bucket elevator, a skip passage, and a below-ground rigid guideway.

9. A method for vertical shaft slag removal using the slag removal system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The full-face tunneling machine is tunneling inside the shaft; (2) The primary bucket elevator muck discharge unit uses a bucket elevator to discharge the rock slag crushed by the full-face tunneling machine to the rock slag buffer bin of the secondary underground loading unit; (3) Rock slag enters the quantitative bin from the rock slag buffer bin, and after being weighed quantitatively by the quantitative bin, it is automatically loaded into the skip of the secondary hoist slag discharge unit; (4) After the skip is loaded with the appropriate amount of rock debris, it is lifted to the ground by the hoist via a steel wire rope and then stops; (5) After the skip stops, the rock debris is unloaded into the pit with the help of the external power opening and closing device and the unloading chute; (6) The rock debris in the pit was loaded into trucks by a loader and transported out.

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