Temperature regulating device for low temperature start of a fuel cell

Abstract

The application discloses a temperature regulating device for low-temperature starting of a fuel cell, which is applied to the field of fuel cells.The temperature regulating device can monitor the water temperature of water entering and leaving the fuel cell and water discharged from a circulating water path in real time through the arrangement of two temperature sensors, and then the water flow can be adjusted according to the water temperature.In the case of low temperature, when the water flow rate is accelerated, the self-diameter ring is powered on, and then the end part of the water guide pipe at the water inlet of the fuel cell is self-expanded in diameter, and then a buffer deceleration layer is formed before the water enters the fuel cell.Compared with the prior art, under the condition of the same water flow rate, the fuel cell can be subjected to smaller impact force, so that the stability of the fuel cell can be greatly improved, the water inlet amount per unit time can be further improved than the prior art when starting at low temperature, the temperature regulating speed of the fuel cell is faster, the effect is better, and the influence of low temperature on the service life of the fuel cell is effectively reduced.

Description

A temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of fuel cells Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular to a temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] The electrolyte in a battery decreases or increases in temperature, reaching its ideal state at around 25°C. Lower temperatures reduce the electrolyte's conductivity and significantly increase its viscosity. This increased viscosity presents several problems: the electrolyte struggles to penetrate the plates, greatly reducing its reaction efficiency with the active materials; simultaneously, increased viscosity increases the battery's internal resistance, leading to excessive electromotive force loss due to internal resistance. This lower terminal voltage also affects vehicle performance, requiring higher discharge standards to compensate for the overall power reduction, and consequently, reduced driving range.

[0003] Therefore, fuel cells in electric vehicles typically regulate battery temperature through an external circulating water circuit, thereby effectively mitigating the problem of increased electrolytic viscosity. However, in low-temperature environments, it is difficult to maintain the fuel cell at around 25°C. To improve control accuracy, the flow rate of water per unit time is generally increased. However, at low temperatures, the temperature difference between the battery and 25°C is significant. When controlling the water flow rate, excessively fast water flow can cause a large impact on the battery, affecting its stability. Conversely, when the water flow rate is low, the flow rate of water per unit time in the circulating water circuit is small, resulting in poor temperature control and potentially impacting battery lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to reduce the impact force on the battery when increasing the water flow at low temperatures. Compared with the prior art, it provides a temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of fuel cells. A circulating water path is connected to the bottom of the fuel cell. The circulating water path includes a water guide pipe, a temperature-controlled water tank and a water pump installed on the water guide pipe. A temperature control component is installed in the temperature-controlled water tank. Positioning rings are fixedly connected to the left and right outer ends of the fuel cell. The two ends of the water guide pipe are respectively threaded and sealed to the two positioning rings. The water guide pipe includes a constant diameter section and a variable diameter section fixedly connected to both ends of the constant diameter section. A left temperature sensor and a right temperature sensor are respectively installed at the two ends of the constant diameter section near the variable diameter section. A water pump and a water flow sensor are also installed on the water guide pipe. The water flow sensor, the left temperature sensor and the right temperature sensor are all connected to the control center signal. A self-variable diameter ring is provided in the variable diameter section near the left temperature sensor. The self-variable diameter ring is connected to the control center signal.

[0005] By setting up two temperature sensors, the water temperature entering and exiting the fuel cell and the water discharged from the circulating water circuit can be monitored in real time. This allows for adjustment of the water flow rate based on the water temperature. In low-temperature conditions, when the water flow rate is increased, the self-expanding ring is energized, thereby expanding the diameter of the water pipe at the fuel cell inlet. This forms a buffer and deceleration layer before the water enters the fuel cell. Compared with existing technologies, the fuel cell is subjected to less impact force at the same water flow rate, which can significantly improve the stability of the fuel cell. This also allows for a higher water intake per unit time during low-temperature startup compared to existing technologies, resulting in faster and more effective temperature control of the fuel cell and effectively reducing the impact of low temperatures on battery life.

[0006] Furthermore, when the ambient temperature is below 25°C and the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and 25°C is greater than 10°C, the water temperature in the temperature control tank is maintained at 20-28°C. When the ambient temperature is above 25°C, the water temperature in the temperature control tank is maintained at 10-15°C. This effectively ensures the temperature control of the fuel cell and also effectively reduces the temperature difference between the fuel cell and the water in the circulating water circuit, protecting the fuel cell from damage due to excessive temperature difference with the water in the circulating water circuit.

[0007] Furthermore, the self-variable diameter ring includes multiple variable diameter strips arranged in an array and multiple control diameter strips electrically connected to the variable diameter section. The ends of the variable diameter strips are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the variable diameter section near the constant diameter section. The multiple control diameter strips correspond to the multiple variable diameter strips and are signal-connected to the control center. When the fuel cell temperature is too low, the control center controls the water pump to increase the pumping speed. At this time, the control center controls the control diameter strips to be energized. At this time, the control strips are magnetic and can generate an outward adsorption force on the multiple variable diameter strips, so that the self-variable diameter ring in the variable diameter section can expand its diameter.

[0008] Furthermore, an expansion layer is filled between the multiple reducing strips and the inner wall of the reducing section. The expansion layer is made of a highly resilient material, and an elastic sealing layer is wrapped around the inner surface of the expansion layer to prevent water from easily entering the expansion layer. As a filling layer, the expansion layer can provide certain support for the multiple reducing strips. When the water inflow per unit time is not too large, it is not easy to impose a large restriction on the reducing strips, so that under the action of water pressure, they can still undergo a certain expansion deformation outward, which can achieve a certain self-expansion effect. When there is no water pressure or power failure, the expansion layer can effectively assist the reducing strips in restoring their deformation.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the variable diameter section is larger than that of the constant diameter section, and the inner diameter of the variable diameter section is not less than 1.5 times the inner diameter of the constant diameter section. This allows the self-variable diameter ring in the variable diameter section to have a certain expansion space. The minimum distance between the variable diameter strip and the center point of the variable diameter section is not less than the inner diameter of the constant diameter section. This makes it easier for water in the constant diameter section to enter the variable diameter section, and the self-variable diameter ring is less likely to obstruct the water flow in the direction of water flow.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter control strip includes an electromagnetic strip attached to the inner wall of the diameter-changing section and a magnetic control layer wrapped around the electromagnetic strip. The magnetic control layer has multiple evenly distributed through holes. Along the direction closer to the fuel cell, the diameter of the multiple through holes gradually increases, so that the diameter-changing strip is increasingly attracted by the diameter control strip along the direction closer to the fuel cell. An inner magnetic control strip is fixedly embedded in the diameter-changing strip. The magnetic control layer is made of magnetic shielding material. When the electromagnetic strip is energized, it generates an adsorption force on the inner magnetic control strip. Under low temperature conditions, when the water flow per unit time is large, the diameter control strip is energized, generating an uneven adsorption force on the inner magnetic control strip, so that the diameter-changing strip expands outward more and more along the direction closer to the fuel cell, thereby achieving a gradual diameter expansion effect. The cross-section is approximately T-shaped, which has a better effect on buffering the water pressure on the fuel cell.

[0011] Furthermore, control ropes are fixedly connected to the ends of multiple variable diameter strips away from the constant diameter section. The control ropes are fixedly passed through the ends of multiple variable diameter strips. The variable diameter strips are elastic strip structures, while the control ropes are non-elastic structures. The control ropes can restrain the ends of multiple variable diameter strips near the fuel cell, so that after water enters the variable diameter ring from the constant diameter section, the middle of the variable diameter strips will bulge outward, presenting an effect of small at both ends and large in the middle. At this time, the inner diameter of the end remains unchanged or changes very little. The water entering the variable diameter section will first collide with the inner wall of the bulging outer diameter ring, thereby hindering and buffering its speed in entering the fuel cell, thus reducing the impact on the fuel cell.

[0012] Furthermore, the multiple arrayed variable diameter strips are in contact with the inner wall of the variable diameter section near the constant diameter section. Since the variable diameter strips are rigid structures, when the diameter control strips are energized at low temperatures, they can generate a uniform adsorption force on the variable diameter strips, causing them to expand outward relatively uniformly, thus achieving uniform diameter expansion and alleviating some water pressure.

[0013] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this application are:

[0014] (1) By setting two temperature sensors, the water temperature of the water entering and exiting the fuel cell and the water discharged from the circulating water circuit can be monitored in real time, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the water flow rate according to the water temperature. In the case of low temperature, when the water flow rate is increased, the self-expanding ring is energized, thereby realizing the self-expansion of the water pipe at the end of the fuel cell inlet, thus forming a buffer deceleration layer before the water enters the fuel cell. Compared with the existing technology, under the same water flow rate, the fuel cell can be subjected to less impact force, thereby greatly improving the stability of the fuel cell. When starting at low temperature, the water intake per unit time can be further increased compared with the existing technology, making the temperature regulation speed of the fuel cell faster and more effective, and effectively reducing the impact of low temperature on the battery life.

[0015] (2) When the ambient temperature is below 25°C and the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and 25°C is greater than 10°C, the water temperature in the temperature control tank is maintained at 20-28°C. When the ambient temperature is above 25°C, the water temperature in the temperature control tank is maintained at 10-15°C. This can effectively ensure the temperature control of the fuel cell and effectively reduce the temperature difference between the fuel cell and the water in the circulating water circuit, protecting the fuel cell from damage due to excessive temperature difference with the water in the circulating water circuit.

[0016] (3) The self-variable diameter ring includes multiple variable diameter strips arranged in an array and multiple control diameter strips that are electrically connected to the variable diameter section. The ends of the variable diameter strips are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the variable diameter section near the constant diameter section. The multiple control diameter strips correspond to the multiple variable diameter strips respectively, and the control diameter strips are connected to the control center signal. When the fuel cell temperature is too low, the control center controls the water pump to increase the pumping speed. At this time, the control center controls the control diameter strip to be energized. At this time, it has magnetism and can generate an outward adsorption force on the multiple variable diameter strips, so that the self-variable diameter ring in the variable diameter section can expand its diameter.

[0017] (4) An expansion layer is filled between multiple reducing strips and the inner wall of the reducing section. The expansion layer is made of a highly resilient material. An elastic sealing layer is wrapped around the inner surface of the expansion layer to prevent water from easily entering the expansion layer. As a filling layer, the expansion layer can provide certain support for multiple reducing strips. When the water inflow per unit time is not too large, it is not easy to cause significant restriction on the reducing strips. Under the action of water pressure, it can still expand outward to a certain extent and achieve a certain self-expansion effect. When there is no water pressure or power failure, the expansion layer can effectively assist the reducing strips in restoring their deformation.

[0018] (5) The inner diameter of the variable diameter section is larger than that of the equal diameter section, and the inner diameter of the variable diameter section is not less than 1.5 times the inner diameter of the equal diameter section, so that the self-variable diameter ring in the variable diameter section has a certain expansion space. The minimum distance between the variable diameter strip and the center point of the variable diameter section is not less than the inner diameter of the equal diameter section, so that when water enters the variable diameter section from the equal diameter section, it is relatively smooth and the self-variable diameter ring is not likely to obstruct the water flow in the direction of water flow.

[0019] (6) The diameter control strip includes an electromagnetic strip attached to the inner wall of the variable diameter section and a magnetic control layer wrapped around the electromagnetic strip. Multiple uniformly distributed through holes are drilled on the magnetic control layer. The diameter of the multiple through holes gradually increases along the direction closer to the fuel cell, so that the variable diameter strip is gradually attracted by the diameter control strip along the direction closer to the fuel cell. An inner magnetic control strip is fixedly embedded in the variable diameter strip. The magnetic control layer is made of magnetic shielding material. When the electromagnetic strip is energized, it generates an adsorption force on the inner magnetic control strip. Under low temperature conditions, when the water flow per unit time is large, the diameter control strip is energized and generates an uneven adsorption force on the inner magnetic control strip, so that the variable diameter strip expands outward more and more along the direction closer to the fuel cell, thereby achieving a smooth diameter expansion effect. The cross-section is approximately T-shaped, which has a better effect on buffering the water pressure on the fuel cell.

[0020] (7) A control rope is fixedly connected to one end of multiple variable diameter strips away from the constant diameter section. The control rope is fixedly passed through the ends of multiple variable diameter strips. The variable diameter strips are elastic strip structures, while the control rope is a non-elastic structure. The control rope can bind the ends of multiple variable diameter strips close to the fuel cell. After water enters the variable diameter ring from the constant diameter section, the middle of the variable diameter strip can bulge outward, presenting an effect of small at both ends and large in the middle. At this time, the inner diameter of the end remains unchanged or changes very little. The water entering the variable diameter section will first collide with the inner wall of the bulging outer diameter ring, thereby hindering and buffering its speed in entering the fuel cell, thus reducing the impact on the fuel cell.

[0021] (8) Multiple arrays of variable diameter strips are in contact with the inner wall of the variable diameter section near the equal diameter section. The variable diameter strips are rigid structures. When the diameter control strip is energized at low temperature, it can generate a uniform adsorption force on the variable diameter strip, causing it to expand outward relatively uniformly, thus achieving uniform diameter expansion. This can also alleviate a certain amount of water pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a main system block diagram of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water pipe connected to the inlet of the fuel cell in this application;

[0025] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the end portion of the water guide pipe in this application;

[0026] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the radial section of the self-variable diameter ring of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the cross-section of the variable diameter bar of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the cross-section of the diameter control bar in this application;

[0029] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the radial section of the self-variable diameter ring when the inner diameter of the ring increases.

[0030] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the expanded diameter end of the water pipe in this application;

[0031] Figure 10 is a structural schematic diagram of multiple variable diameter strips in Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0032] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the expanded end portion of the water pipe in Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0033] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0034] 1. Fuel cell; 21. Left temperature sensor; 22. Right temperature sensor; 3. Temperature-controlled water tank; 4. Water pump; 5. Water pipe; 51. Equal diameter section; 52. Variable diameter section; 53. Expanded diameter layer; 6. Diameter control bar; 61. Electromagnetic bar; 62. Magnetic control layer; 63. Through hole; 7. Variable diameter bar; 71. Inner magnetic control bar; 72. Control bar rope; 8. Positioning ring. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] This application discloses a temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of a fuel cell. Please refer to Figures 1-2. A circulating water circuit is connected to the bottom of the fuel cell 1. The circulating water circuit includes a water guide pipe 5, a temperature-controlled water tank 3 installed on the water guide pipe 5, and a water pump 4. A temperature control component is installed in the temperature-controlled water tank 3. The temperature control component regulates the water temperature in the temperature-controlled water tank 3, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. When the ambient temperature is below 25°C and the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and 25°C is greater than 10°C, the water temperature in the temperature-controlled water tank 3 is maintained at 20-28°C. When the ambient temperature is above 25°C, the water temperature in the temperature-controlled water tank 3 is maintained at 10-15°C. This can effectively ensure the temperature control of the fuel cell 1 and effectively reduce the temperature difference between the fuel cell 1 and the water in the circulating water circuit, protecting the fuel cell 1 from damage due to excessive temperature difference with the water in the circulating water circuit. Please refer to Figure 3. Positioning rings 8 are fixedly connected to the left and right outer ends of the fuel cell 1. The two ends of the water guide pipe 5 are respectively threaded and sealed to the two positioning rings 8.

[0038] The water pipe 5 includes a constant diameter section 51 and a variable diameter section 52 fixedly connected to both ends of the constant diameter section 51. A left temperature sensor 21 and a right temperature sensor 22 are respectively installed at the two ends of the constant diameter section 51 near the variable diameter section 52. A water pump 4 and a water flow sensor are also installed on the water pipe 5. The water flow sensor, the left temperature sensor 21 and the right temperature sensor 22 are all connected to the control center signal. A self-variable diameter ring is provided in the variable diameter section 52 near the left temperature sensor 21. The self-variable diameter ring is connected to the control center signal.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 4. The self-variable diameter ring includes multiple variable diameter bars 7 arranged in an array and multiple control diameter bars 6 that are electrically connected to the variable diameter section 52. The ends of the variable diameter bars 7 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the variable diameter section 52 near the constant diameter section 51. The multiple control diameter bars 6 correspond to the multiple variable diameter bars 7 respectively, and the control diameter bars 6 are connected to the control center signal. When the temperature of the fuel cell 1 is too low, the control center controls the water pump 4 to increase the pumping speed. At this time, the control center controls the control diameter bars 6 to be energized. At this time, they have magnetism and can generate an outward adsorption force on the multiple variable diameter bars 7, so that the self-variable diameter ring in the variable diameter section 52 can expand its diameter.

[0040] As shown in Figure 5, an expansion layer 53 is filled between the multiple reducing strips 7 and the inner wall of the reducing section 52. The expansion layer 53 is made of a highly resilient material. An elastic sealing layer is wrapped around the inner surface of the expansion layer 53 to prevent water from easily entering the expansion layer 53. As a filling layer, the expansion layer 53 can provide certain support for the multiple reducing strips 7. When the water inflow per unit time is not too large, it is not easy to impose a large restriction on the reducing strips 7, so that under the action of water pressure, it can still undergo a certain expansion deformation outward, which can achieve a certain self-expansion effect. When there is no water pressure or power failure, the expansion layer 53 can effectively assist the reducing strips 7 to recover their deformation.

[0041] The inner diameter of the variable diameter section 52 is larger than that of the equal diameter section 51, and the inner diameter of the variable diameter section 52 is not less than 1.5 times the inner diameter of the equal diameter section 51. This gives the self-variable diameter ring in the variable diameter section 52 a certain expansion space. The minimum distance between the variable diameter strip 7 and the center point of the variable diameter section 52 is not less than the inner diameter of the equal diameter section 51. This makes it easier for water in the equal diameter section 51 to enter the variable diameter section 52. The self-variable diameter ring is not likely to obstruct the water flow in the direction of water flow.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 7. The diameter control strip 6 includes an electromagnetic strip 61 attached to the inner wall of the variable diameter section 52 and a magnetic control layer 62 wrapped around the electromagnetic strip 61. The magnetic control layer 62 has multiple evenly distributed through holes 63. Along the direction closer to the fuel cell 1, the diameter of the multiple through holes 63 gradually increases, so that the variable diameter strip 7 is increasingly attracted by the diameter control strip 6 along the direction closer to the fuel cell 1, as shown in Figure 6. An inner magnetic control strip 71 is fixedly embedded in the variable diameter strip 7. The inner magnetic control strip 71 is opposite to the diameter control strip 6. The magnetic control layer 62 is made of magnetic shielding material. When the electromagnetic strip 61 is energized, it generates an adsorption force on the inner magnetic control strip 71. Under low temperature conditions, when the water flow per unit time is large, the diameter control strip 6 is energized, generating an uneven adsorption force on the inner magnetic control strip 71, so that the variable diameter strip 7 expands outward more and more along the direction closer to the fuel cell 1, thereby achieving a gradual diameter expansion effect. The cross-section is approximately T-shaped, which has a better effect on buffering the water pressure on the fuel cell 1.

[0043] By setting up two temperature sensors, the water temperature entering and exiting the fuel cell 1 and the water discharged from the circulating water circuit can be monitored in real time. This allows for adjustment of the water flow rate based on the water temperature. As shown in Figure 8-9, in low-temperature conditions, when the water flow rate is increased, the self-expanding ring is energized, thereby expanding the diameter of the water guide pipe 5 at the end of the fuel cell 1 inlet. This forms a buffer and deceleration layer before the water enters the fuel cell 1. Compared with existing technologies, under the same water flow rate, the fuel cell 1 can be subjected to less impact force, which can significantly improve the stability of the fuel cell 1. This allows for a further increase in the water intake per unit time during low-temperature startup compared to existing technologies, resulting in better temperature control of the fuel cell 1 and effectively reducing the impact of low temperature on battery life.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] Please refer to Figure 10. A control rope 72 is fixedly connected to one end of the multiple variable diameter strips 7 away from the constant diameter section 51. The control rope 72 is fixedly passed through the ends of the multiple variable diameter strips 7. The variable diameter strips 7 are elastic strip structures, while the control rope 72 is a non-elastic structure. The control rope 72 can bind the ends of the multiple variable diameter strips 7 near the fuel cell 1. After water enters the variable diameter ring from the constant diameter section 51, the middle of the variable diameter strips 7 can bulge outward, presenting an effect of small at both ends and large in the middle. At this time, the inner diameter of the end remains unchanged or changes very little. The water entering the variable diameter section 52 will first collide with the inner wall of the bulging variable diameter ring, thereby hindering and buffering its speed in entering the fuel cell 1, thus reducing the impact on the fuel cell 1.

[0046] Example 3:

[0047] Please refer to Figure 11. Multiple arrayed variable diameter strips 7 are in contact with the inner wall of the variable diameter section 52 near the constant diameter section 51. The variable diameter strips 7 are rigid structures. When the diameter control strip 6 is energized at low temperatures, it can generate a uniform adsorption force on the variable diameter strips 7, causing them to expand outward relatively uniformly, thus achieving uniform diameter expansion and relieving some water pressure.

[0048] In Examples 2 and 3, apart from the difference in the specific arrangement of the variable diameter strip 7 from Example 1, the control strip 6 in these two examples only includes the electromagnetic strip 61 and does not include the magnetic control layer 62, so that the adsorption force on the variable diameter strip 7 is relatively uniform.

[0049] In addition, in this embodiment, the variable diameter strip 7 can be directly made of iron sheet structure, without the need to set up a double-layer structure of variable diameter strip 7 and inner magnetic control strip 71.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of a fuel cell, comprising a control center and a fuel cell (1) connected to the control center by signal, characterized in that, The fuel cell (1) is connected to a circulating water path below. The circulating water path includes a water guide pipe (5), a temperature-controlled water tank (3) installed on the water guide pipe (5), and a water pump (4). A temperature control component is installed in the temperature-controlled water tank (3). Positioning rings (8) are fixedly connected to the left and right outer ends of the fuel cell (1). The two ends of the water guide pipe (5) are respectively threaded and sealed to the two positioning rings (8). The water guide pipe (5) includes a constant diameter section (51) and a variable diameter section (52) fixedly connected to both ends of the constant diameter section (51). The constant diameter section (51) is close to the variable diameter section. A left temperature sensor (21) and a right temperature sensor (22) are respectively installed at the two ends of the diameter section (52). A water pump (4) and a water flow sensor are also installed on the water guide pipe (5). The water flow sensor, the left temperature sensor (21), and the right temperature sensor (22) are all connected to the control center signal. A self-variable diameter ring is provided in the diameter section (52) near the left temperature sensor (21). The self-variable diameter ring is connected to the control center signal. The self-variable diameter ring includes multiple variable diameter bars (7) arranged in an array and multiple bars respectively connected to the diameter section (52). Electrically connected diameter control strips (6), the ends of the variable diameter strips (7) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the variable diameter section (52) near the constant diameter section (51), multiple diameter control strips (6) correspond to multiple variable diameter strips (7) respectively, and the diameter control strips (6) are connected to the control center signal; an expansion layer (53) is filled between the multiple variable diameter strips (7) and the inner wall of the variable diameter section (52), the expansion layer (53) is made of a high resilience material; the inner diameter of the variable diameter section (52) is larger than the inner diameter of the constant diameter section (51), and the inner diameter of the variable diameter section (52) is not less than 1.5 times the inner diameter of the constant diameter section (51). The minimum distance between the center point of the variable diameter strip (7) and the variable diameter section (52) is not less than the inner diameter of the equal diameter section (51); the control strip (6) includes an electromagnetic strip (61) attached to the inner wall of the variable diameter section (52) and a magnetic control layer (62) wrapped around the electromagnetic strip (61), and the magnetic control layer (62) has multiple uniformly distributed through holes (63) drilled on it; an inner magnetic control strip (71) is fixedly embedded in the variable diameter strip (7), and the magnetic control layer (62) is made of magnetic shielding material. When the electromagnetic strip (61) is energized, it generates an adsorption force on the inner magnetic control strip (71).

2. A temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of a fuel cell, comprising a control center and a fuel cell (1) connected to the control center by signal, characterized in that, The fuel cell (1) is connected to a circulating water path below. The circulating water path includes a water guide pipe (5), a temperature-controlled water tank (3) installed on the water guide pipe (5), and a water pump (4). A temperature control component is installed in the temperature-controlled water tank (3). Positioning rings (8) are fixedly connected to the left and right outer ends of the fuel cell (1). The two ends of the water guide pipe (5) are respectively threaded and sealed to the two positioning rings (8). The water guide pipe (5) includes a constant diameter section (51) and variable diameter sections fixedly connected to both ends of the constant diameter section (51). Section (52), the equal diameter section (51) is equipped with a left temperature sensor (21) and a right temperature sensor (22) at the two ends near the variable diameter section (52), and a water pump (4) and a water flow sensor are also installed on the water pipe (5). The water flow sensor, the left temperature sensor (21) and the right temperature sensor (22) are all connected to the control center signal. The variable diameter section (52) near the left temperature sensor (21) is provided with a self-variable diameter ring, and the self-variable diameter ring is connected to the control center signal. The self-variable diameter ring includes multiple variable diameter strips (7) arranged in an array and multiple control diameter strips (6) electrically connected to the variable diameter section (52). The multiple arrayed variable diameter strips (7) are in contact with the inner wall of the variable diameter section (52) near the constant diameter section (51), and the variable diameter strips (7) are rigid structures. The multiple control diameter strips (6) correspond to the multiple variable diameter strips (7) respectively, and the control diameter strips (6) are connected to the control center signal. The space between the multiple variable diameter strips (7) and the inner wall of the variable diameter section (52) is filled with an expansion diameter material. Layer (53), the expansion layer (53) is made of a high resilience material; the inner diameter of the variable diameter section (52) is larger than the inner diameter of the equal diameter section (51), and the inner diameter of the variable diameter section (52) is not less than 1.5 times the inner diameter of the equal diameter section (51); the minimum distance between the variable diameter strip (7) and the center point of the variable diameter section (52) is not less than the inner diameter of the equal diameter section (51); the diameter control strip (6) includes an electromagnetic strip (61) attached to the inner wall of the variable diameter section (52); when the electromagnetic strip (61) is energized, it generates an adsorption force on the variable diameter strip (7).

3. A temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, When the ambient temperature is below 25℃, the water temperature in the temperature-controlled water tank (3) is maintained at 20-28℃.

4. The temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of a fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of each of the variable diameter bars (7) away from the constant diameter section (51) is fixedly connected to a control rope (72), which passes through the ends of the multiple variable diameter bars (7).

5. The temperature control device for low-temperature start-up of a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The variable diameter strip (7) is an elastic strip structure, and the control strip (72) is a non-elastic structure.

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