A phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of microwave engineering technology, and in particular to a phase shifter that can operate in a wide frequency band and has stable phase shift. A phase shifter that can operate in a wide frequency band and has stable phase shift comprises a first glass layer, a first metal layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second metal layer and a second glass layer; the first metal layer is provided on the lower surface of the first glass layer, the second metal layer is provided on the upper surface of the second glass layer, and the liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The phase shifter that can operate in a wide frequency band and has stable phase shift can achieve 180-degree adjustable (1-bit phase control) at a transmission phase of 20 GHz-30 GHz, has the advantages of a wide operating frequency band range, stable phase shift, the phase shift amount of a unit does not gradually increase with increasing frequency, and a small unit size, and solves the problems of the existing broadband liquid crystal phase shifter that the phase shift amount changes with frequency, the phase shift amount is unstable, and the unit size is large.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of microwave engineering, and in particular to a phase shifter which can work in a wide frequency band and has stable phase shifting. Background Art

[0002] Metasurfaces are key components in wireless communication systems. They can control the polarization, frequency, amplitude, and phase of electromagnetic waves in any dimension, which can greatly optimize the performance of communication systems. Modern communication systems have a strong demand for beam-adjustable metasurfaces. The key component of beam-adjustable metasurfaces is the phase shifter, and the size and performance of the phase shifter often directly determine the performance of the metasurface constructed with the phase shifter.

[0003] Liquid crystal is an adjustable material. By applying different voltage differences, magnetic fields or light fields to the liquid crystal medium, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules can be rotated. In the macroscopic dimension, the dielectric constant and loss angle of the liquid crystal will also change accordingly. Through this characteristic, liquid crystal materials can be used in combination with liquid crystal processing technology to design phase shifters. Compared with traditional adjustable devices such as diodes and vanadium dioxide, phase shifters designed with liquid crystals have the advantages of low batch cost and low loss, and have significant commercial value. However, existing broadband liquid crystal phase shifters generally have the disadvantages of phase shift amount changing with frequency (phase shift amount is unstable) and large unit size. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the problems raised in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a phase shifter that can operate in a wide frequency band and has stable phase shift, which can achieve 180 degrees adjustable (1 bit phase control) in the transmission phase at 20GHz-30GHz, and has the advantages of wide operating frequency band range, stable phase shift, the phase shift of the unit does not gradually increase with the increase of frequency, and small unit size, which solves the problems of existing broadband liquid crystal phase shifters that the phase shift varies with frequency, the phase shift is unstable, and the unit size is large.

[0005] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting comprises a first glass layer, a first metal layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second metal layer and a second glass layer;

[0007] The first metal layer is disposed on the lower surface of the first glass layer, the second metal layer is disposed on the upper surface of the second glass layer, and the liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first metal layer and the second metal layer;

[0008] The width direction of the first glass layer is the x-axis direction, the length direction is the y-axis direction, and the height direction is the z-axis direction;

[0009] The first metal layer includes a first metal patch symmetrically and tilted, the pattern of the first metal patch is an axisymmetric pattern, the first metal patch includes a first metal strip, a second metal strip and a third metal strip in a rectangular shape, the first metal strip is connected between two second metal strips, the two ends of the second metal strip are respectively connected to the third metal strip, and the third metal strip is connected to a side of the second metal strip close to the first metal strip, the angle α between the first metal strip and the y-axis is 45°, and the width of the first metal strip, the width of the second metal strip and the width of the third metal strip are all equal;

[0010] The second metal layer includes a second metal patch, the second metal patch is provided with a symmetrically inclined slot pattern, the slot pattern is an axisymmetric pattern, the slot pattern includes a rectangular first slot arm, a second slot arm and a third slot arm, the first slot arm is connected between two second slot arms, the two ends of the second slot arm are respectively connected to the third slot arm, and the third slot arm is connected to a side of the second slot arm close to the first slot arm, the angle β between the first slot arm and the y-axis is 45°, and the width of the first slot arm, the width of the second slot arm and the width of the third slot arm are all equal;

[0011] The first metal patch corresponds to the gap pattern one by one, and the projection of the first metal patch on the second metal patch overlaps with the corresponding gap pattern;

[0012] The width of the first glass layer, the width of the liquid crystal layer, the width of the second metal patch and the width of the second glass layer are all a, the length of the first glass layer, the length of the liquid crystal layer, the length of the second metal patch and the length of the second glass layer are all a, and the value range of a is: 0.1λ0≤a≤0.5λ0, where λ0 is the central operating wavelength of free space.

[0013] To further illustrate, the projection of the first metal patch on the second metal patch overlaps with the center of the corresponding gap pattern.

[0014] To further illustrate, the projection of the first metal strip on the second metal patch is perpendicular to the corresponding first slot arm of the slot pattern.

[0015] To further illustrate, the first metal layer is composed of two of the first metal patches, the second metal layer is composed of one of the second metal patches, and the second metal patch is provided with two of the gap patterns.

[0016] Further, the height of the first glass layer and the height of the second glass layer are both hg , the height of the liquid crystal layer is h l , the height of the first metal layer and the height of the second metal layer are both h m ,h g 、h l and h m Meet: 0.1mm ≤h g ≤5mm, 0.1um ≤h l ≤5mm, 0.1um ≤h m ≤5mm.

[0017] To further explain, the width of the first metal strip, the width of the second metal strip and the width of the third metal strip are all wp, the length of the first metal strip is lp, the length of the second metal strip is lp1, the length of the third metal strip is lp2, wp, lp, lp1 and lp2 satisfy: 0.03mm≤wp≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp1≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp2≤0.5λ0.

[0018] To further explain, the width of the first slot arm, the width of the second slot arm and the width of the third slot arm are all wf, the length of the first slot arm is lf, the length of the second slot arm is lf1, the length of the third slot arm is lf2, wf, lf, lf1 and lf2 satisfy: 0.01mm≤wf≤1mm, 0.05mm≤lf≤0.5λ0, 0.05mm≤lf1≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lf2≤0.5λ0.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The above-mentioned phase shifter which can work in a wide band and has stable phase shift can realize 180-degree adjustable transmission phase (1-bit phase control) in the range of 20GHz-30GHz. It has the advantages of wide working frequency band, stable phase shift, the phase shift of the unit does not gradually increase with the increase of frequency and small unit size. It solves the problems of the existing broadband liquid crystal phase shifter that the phase shift varies with frequency, the phase shift is unstable and the unit size is large. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a front view structural schematic diagram of a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is an exploded diagram of a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a bottom view of a first metal layer on a first glass layer of a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shift according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a top view of a second metal layer of a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shift according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 is a projection diagram of a first metal patch on a second metal patch of a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shift according to an embodiment of the present invention (without the gap pattern);

[0026] Figure 6 is a top view of a second metal layer of a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shift according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 is a projection diagram of a first metal patch on a second metal patch of a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shift according to an embodiment of the present invention (wherein the dotted line is the axis of symmetry);

[0028] Figure 8 This is a transmission phase simulation result diagram of a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting under different modulation states according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] In the accompanying drawings: the first glass layer 1, the first metal layer 2, the first metal patch 21, the first metal strip 211, the second metal strip 212, the third metal strip 213, the liquid crystal layer 3, the second metal layer 4, the second metal patch 41, the gap pattern 411, the first gap arm 4111, the second gap arm 4112, the third gap arm 4113, and the second glass layer 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and are used to distinguish and describe features, without distinction of order or importance.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting comprises a first glass layer 1, a first metal layer 2, a liquid crystal layer 3, a second metal layer 4 and a second glass layer 5;

[0033] The first metal layer 2 is provided on the lower surface of the first glass layer 1, the second metal layer 4 is provided on the upper surface of the second glass layer 5, and the liquid crystal layer 3 is sandwiched between the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4;

[0034] The width direction of the first glass layer 1 is the x-axis direction, the length direction is the y-axis direction, and the height direction is the z-axis direction;

[0035] The first metal layer 2 includes a first metal patch 21 symmetrically and tiltedly arranged, the pattern of the first metal patch 21 is an axisymmetric pattern, the first metal patch 21 includes a rectangular first metal strip 211, a second metal strip 212 and a third metal strip 213, the first metal strip 211 is connected between two of the second metal strips 212, the two ends of the second metal strip 212 are respectively connected to the third metal strip 213, and the third metal strip 213 is connected to a side of the second metal strip 212 close to the first metal strip 211, the angle α between the first metal strip 211 and the y-axis is 45°, and the width of the first metal strip 211, the width of the second metal strip 212 and the width of the third metal strip 213 are all equal;

[0036] The second metal layer 4 includes a second metal patch 41, and the second metal patch 41 is provided with a symmetrically inclined slot pattern 411, and the slot pattern 411 is an axisymmetric pattern. The slot pattern 411 includes a rectangular first slot arm 4111, a second slot arm 4112, and a third slot arm 4113, the first slot arm 4111 is connected between two second slot arms 4112, and the two ends of the second slot arm 4112 are respectively connected to the third slot arm 4113, and the third slot arm 4113 is connected to a side of the second slot arm 4112 close to the first slot arm 4111, and the angle β between the first slot arm 4111 and the y-axis is 45°, and the width of the first slot arm 4111, the width of the second slot arm 4112, and the width of the third slot arm 4113 are all equal;

[0037] The first metal patch 21 corresponds to the gap pattern 411 one by one, and the projection of the first metal patch 21 on the second metal patch 41 overlaps with the corresponding gap pattern 411;

[0038] The width of the first glass layer 1, the width of the liquid crystal layer 3, the width of the second metal patch 41 and the width of the second glass layer 5 are all a, the length of the first glass layer 1, the length of the liquid crystal layer 3, the length of the second metal patch 41 and the length of the second glass layer 5 are all a, and the value range of a is: 0.1λ0≤a≤0.5λ0, where λ0 is the central operating wavelength of free space.

[0039] It should be noted that the slit pattern 411 is a hollow slit structure.

[0040] By setting the first metal layer 2 on the lower surface of the first glass layer 1 and setting the second metal layer 4 on the upper surface of the second glass layer 5, the first metal layer 2, the liquid crystal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 cooperate to construct an adjustable resonant circuit to achieve electromagnetic wave phase shifting. The first metal layer 2 includes a first metal patch 21 that is symmetrically tilted, and the tilt angle of the first metal patch 21 is 45°, which can achieve dual polarization. Each of the first metal patches 21 includes a first rectangular metal strip 211, a second metal strip 212 and a third metal strip 213, which are spliced ​​by rectangular metal strips and form a resonant circuit with the second metal layer 4. The phase shifter of this design has a stable phase shift amount and good effect. Furthermore, the second metal layer 4 is a second metal patch 41 etched with a symmetrically tilted slit pattern 411, and the tilt angle of the slit pattern 411 is 45°. The tilt of the slit pattern 411 in the second metal layer 4 is also to cooperate with the first metal layer 2 to achieve dual polarization transmission.

[0041] Further, the first metal patch 21 in the first metal layer 2 has the same size, the width of the first metal strip 211, the width of the second metal strip 211 and the width of the third metal strip 213 are all equal, the size of the slot pattern 411 in the second metal layer 4 is the same, the width of the first slot arm 4111, the width of the second slot arm 4112 and the width of the third slot arm 4113 are all equal, and a broadband response is achieved through resonant coupling between each other, and the phase shift amount is stable within the broadband range of broadband operation. The pattern of the first metal patch 21 is an axisymmetric pattern, and the slot pattern 411 is also an axisymmetric pattern, such as Figure 7 As shown, the dotted line in the figure is the symmetry axis, which can achieve broadband phase shifting and a stable phase shift amount.

[0042] To further illustrate, the width of the first glass layer 1, the width of the liquid crystal layer 3, the width of the second metal patch 41 and the width of the second glass layer 5 are all a, the length of the first glass layer 1, the length of the liquid crystal layer 3, the length of the second metal patch 41 and the length of the second glass layer 5 are all a, and the value range of a is: 0.1λ0≤a≤0.5λ0, that is, the overall width and length of the phase shifter are between 0.1 central working wavelength of free space and 0.5 central working wavelength of free space, which has the characteristics of small unit size and high degree of unit miniaturization.

[0043] The phase shifter of the present invention can work in a wide frequency band and has stable phase shift, can realize 180 degree adjustment (1 bit phase control) in the transmission phase of 20GHz-30GHz, has the advantages of wide working frequency band range, stable phase shift, the phase shift of the unit does not gradually increase with the increase of frequency and small unit size, solves the problems of the existing broadband liquid crystal phase shifter that the phase shift varies with frequency, the phase shift is unstable and the unit size is large, and an adjustable metasurface can be constructed based on the phase shifter to realize the control of the direction of electromagnetic wave beam, so it is widely used in modern wireless mobile communication, satellite communication and various radar systems.

[0044] To further illustrate, the projection of the first metal patch 21 on the second metal patch 41 overlaps with the center of the corresponding gap pattern 411 .

[0045] By setting the projection of the first metal patch 21 on the second metal patch 41 to overlap with the center of the gap pattern 411, the projection of the first metal patch 21 on the second metal patch 41 is located in the middle of the corresponding gap pattern 411, which can increase the tunability of the phase shifter.

[0046] To further illustrate, the projection of the first metal strip 211 on the second metal patch 41 is perpendicular to the first slot arm 4111 of the corresponding slot pattern 411 .

[0047] By setting the positional relationship between the first metal patch 21 and the slot pattern 411, the projection of the first metal strip 211 on the second metal patch 41 is made perpendicular to the first slot arm 4111 of the corresponding slot pattern 411, thereby ensuring that the phase shifter operates within a wide bandwidth and that the phase shift amount is stable within the broadband range of the wide-band operation.

[0048] Specifically, the first metal layer 2 is composed of two first metal patches 21 , the second metal layer 4 is composed of one second metal patch 41 , and the second metal patch 41 is provided with two gap patterns 411 .

[0049] By providing two of the first metal patches 21 and providing two of the slot patterns 411 on the second metal patch 41, it is ensured that the phase shift amount of the phase shifter is stable within a wide band range of wide-band operation.

[0050] Specifically, the inclination angles of the two first metal patches 21 are both 45°, which can achieve dual polarization. The inclination angles of the two slot patterns 411 are both 45°. The slot pattern 411 in the second metal layer 4 is also inclined to cooperate with the first metal layer 2 to achieve dual polarization transmission.

[0051] Preferably, the height of the first glass layer 1 and the height of the second glass layer 5 are both h g , the height of the liquid crystal layer 3 is h l , the height of the first metal layer 2 and the height of the second metal layer 4 are both h m ,h g 、h l and h m Meet: 0.1mm ≤h g ≤5mm, 0.1um ≤h l ≤5mm, 0.1um ≤h m ≤5mm.

[0052] The heights of the first glass layer 1, the second glass layer 5, the liquid crystal layer 3, the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4 are within this range, which is convenient for processing and ensures that the transmission phase can be adjusted 180 degrees at 20GHz-30GHz. Furthermore, since the value range of a is: 0.1λ0≤a≤0.5λ0, that is, the width and length of the phase shifter as a whole are between 0.1 central working wavelength of free space and 0.5 central working wavelength of free space, and 0.1mm≤h g≤5mm, 0.1um≤h l ≤5mm, 0.1um≤h m ≤5mm, the unit size of the phase shifter is a×a×(2*h g +2*h m +h l ), ensuring the unit size is small.

[0053] Preferably, the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4 are both made of copper, and other metals such as silver, aluminum and gold may also be used. During processing, the first metal layer 2 is etched on the lower surface of the first glass layer 1, and the second metal layer 4 is etched on the upper surface of the second glass layer 5. Glass beads may be sandwiched between the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4 to fix the distance between the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4, thereby determining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 3, and then liquid crystal is filled to achieve the intercalation of the liquid crystal layer 3 between the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4.

[0054] Preferably, the width of the first metal strip 211, the width of the second metal strip 212 and the width of the third metal strip 213 are all wp, the length of the first metal strip 211 is lp, the length of the second metal strip 212 is lp1, the length of the third metal strip 213 is lp2, and wp, lp, lp1 and lp2 satisfy: 0.03mm≤wp≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp1≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp2≤0.5λ0.

[0055] The width and length of the first metal strip 211, the width and length of the second metal strip 212, and the width and length of the third metal strip 213 are within this range, which is convenient for processing and ensures that the transmission phase can be adjusted 180 degrees at 20GHz-30GHz.

[0056] Preferably, the width of the first slot arm 4111, the width of the second slot arm 4112 and the width of the third slot arm 4113 are all wf, the length of the first slot arm 4111 is lf, the length of the second slot arm 4112 is lf1, the length of the third slot arm 4113 is lf2, and wf, lf, lf1 and lf2 satisfy: 0.01mm≤wf≤1mm, 0.05mm≤lf≤0.5λ0, 0.05mm≤lf1≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lf2≤0.5λ0.

[0057] The width and length of the first slot arm 4111, the width and length of the second slot arm 4112, and the width and length of the third slot arm 4113 are within this range, which is convenient for processing and ensures that the transmission phase can be adjusted 180 degrees at 20 GHz-30 GHz.

[0058] The phase shifter of the present invention is a broadband 1-bit phase shifter, and the meaning of a broadband 1-bit phase shifter refers to a phase shifter with a phase shift range of about 180 degrees.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, a phase shifter is designed that can operate in a wide frequency band and has stable phase shifting. Figures 2 to 7 As shown, the projection of the first metal patch 21 on the second metal patch 41 overlaps with the center of the corresponding gap pattern 411, the projection of the first metal strip 211 on the second metal patch 21 is perpendicular to the first gap arm of the corresponding gap pattern 411, the first metal layer 2 is composed of two left and right first metal patches 21 (the left and right directions are the negative direction and the positive direction of the x-axis respectively), the second metal layer 4 is composed of one second metal patch 41, and the second metal patch 41 is provided with two left and right gap patterns 411, and the structural parameters are as follows: a=2mm, h g =0.5mm,h l =8um,h m =3um, lf=0.7586mm, wf=0.0707mm, lf1=0.4mm, lf2=0.1293mm, lp=0.28mm, wp=0.06mm, lp1=0.4mm, lp2=0.09mm; λ0=12mm, corresponding to the center operating frequency of 25GHz. It should be noted that the center operating frequency is the average of the lowest operating frequency and the highest operating frequency. In this embodiment, the lowest operating frequency is 20GHz and the highest operating frequency is 30GHz, so the center operating frequency is 25GHz. The center operating wavelength of free space is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, that is, the speed of light / 25GHz=12mm. In this embodiment, the relative dielectric constants of the glasses of the first glass layer 1 and the second glass layer 5 are both 4.704, and the loss tangents are both 0.0048; the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 3 is 2.24-3.22, and the loss tangent is 0.00395-0.05751. The first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4 are both made of copper. Using the commonly used microwave simulation software hfss, the voltage applied to the patch is simulated by changing the liquid crystal dielectric constant tensor of the overlapping area of ​​different metals in the simulation, such as Figure 8As shown, by applying different voltage distributions to the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4, different tuning states of the phase shifter are formed, wherein the applied voltage state 1 is: the first metal patch 21 on the left side of the second metal layer 2 forms a voltage difference with the second metal layer 4, while the first metal patch 21 on the right side of the second metal layer 2 does not form a voltage difference with the second metal layer 4; the applied voltage state 2 is: the first metal patch 21 on the right side of the second metal layer 2 forms a voltage difference with the second metal layer 4, while the first metal patch 21 on the left side of the second metal layer 2 does not form a voltage difference with the second metal layer 4; these two tuning states are stable at about 180 degrees in the 20GHz-30GHz phase shift difference, that is, the unit is 180 degrees phase shifted, and the unit phase shift amount does not gradually increase with the increase of frequency, that is, the unit can achieve 180 degrees adjustable transmission phase in the 20GHz-30GHz range. By simulating whether different patches apply full bias voltage or not, 1bit phase control is achieved in the 20GHz-30GHz frequency band, and the working frequency band range is extremely wide. In this embodiment, a=2 mm, which is only 0.167 of the central working wavelength of the free space, and the unit is highly miniaturized.

[0060] The technical principle of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. These descriptions are only for explaining the principle of the present invention and cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art can associate other specific implementations of the present invention without paying creative labor, and these methods will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting, characterized in that: comprising a first glass layer, a first metal layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second metal layer and a second glass layer; The first metal layer is disposed on the lower surface of the first glass layer, the second metal layer is disposed on the upper surface of the second glass layer, and the liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first metal layer and the second metal layer; The width direction of the first glass layer is the x-axis direction, the length direction is the y-axis direction, and the height direction is the z-axis direction; The first metal layer includes a first metal patch symmetrically and tilted, the pattern of the first metal patch is an axisymmetric pattern, the first metal patch includes a first metal strip, a second metal strip and a third metal strip in a rectangular shape, the first metal strip is connected between two second metal strips, the two ends of the second metal strip are respectively connected to the third metal strip, and the third metal strip is connected to a side of the second metal strip close to the first metal strip, the angle α between the first metal strip and the y-axis is 45°, and the width of the first metal strip, the width of the second metal strip and the width of the third metal strip are all equal; The second metal layer includes a second metal patch, the second metal patch is provided with a symmetrically inclined slot pattern, the slot pattern is an axisymmetric pattern, the slot pattern includes a rectangular first slot arm, a second slot arm and a third slot arm, the first slot arm is connected between two second slot arms, the two ends of the second slot arm are respectively connected to the third slot arm, and the third slot arm is connected to a side of the second slot arm close to the first slot arm, the angle β between the first slot arm and the y-axis is 45°, and the width of the first slot arm, the width of the second slot arm and the width of the third slot arm are all equal; The first metal patch corresponds to the gap pattern one by one, and the projection of the first metal patch on the second metal patch overlaps with the corresponding gap pattern; The width of the first glass layer, the width of the liquid crystal layer, the width of the second metal patch and the width of the second glass layer are all a, the length of the first glass layer, the length of the liquid crystal layer, the length of the second metal patch and the length of the second glass layer are all a, and the value range of a is: 0.1λ0≤a≤0.5λ0, where λ0 is the central operating wavelength of free space.

2. The phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projection of the first metal patch on the second metal patch overlaps with the center of the corresponding gap pattern.

3. The phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The projection of the first metal strip on the second metal patch is perpendicular to the corresponding first slot arm of the slot pattern.

4. The phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer is composed of two of the first metal patches, the second metal layer is composed of one of the second metal patches, and the second metal patch is provided with two of the gap patterns.

5. The phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the first glass layer and the height of the second glass layer are both h g , the height of the liquid crystal layer is h l , the height of the first metal layer and the height of the second metal layer are both h m ,h g 、h l and h m Meet: 0.1mm ≤h g ≤5mm, 0.1um ≤h l ≤5mm, 0.1um ≤h m ≤5mm.

6. The phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the first metal strip, the width of the second metal strip and the width of the third metal strip are all wp, the length of the first metal strip is lp, the length of the second metal strip is lp1, the length of the third metal strip is lp2, wp, lp, lp1 and lp2 satisfy: 0.03mm≤wp≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp1≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lp2≤0.5λ0.

7. The phase shifter capable of operating in a wide frequency band and having stable phase shifting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the first slot arm, the width of the second slot arm and the width of the third slot arm are all wf, the length of the first slot arm is lf, the length of the second slot arm is lf1, and the length of the third slot arm is lf2. wf, lf, lf1 and lf2 satisfy: 0.01mm≤wf≤1mm, 0.05mm≤lf≤0.5λ0, 0.05mm≤lf1≤0.3λ0, 0.05mm≤lf2≤0.5λ 0。

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