Lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance

Abstract

The application discloses a lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural plant disease and pest control. The lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance comprises the following steps: prevention and treatment during planting: after the cultivation substrate is uniformly mixed with potassium chloride composite material, the mixture is laid in a furrow, and then lily seed balls are planted; the potassium chloride composite material is prepared by taking chitosan / hydroxyapatite as a carrier and loading potassium chloride; prevention and treatment after planting: during the seedling stage to the bud stage, protective agents are sprayed every 15-20 days, the protective agents are composed of plant extracts, sodium silicate and water; the ratio of the plant extracts, the sodium silicate and the water is 0.5-1g:1.5-1.8g:1L; the plant extracts are extracted by taking three or four of the following plants as raw materials: spilanthes, sophora flavescens, clove, marigold, mint and radix kramviae. The cultivation method can effectively improve the prevention and treatment effect of diseases and pests.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant disease and pest control in agriculture, and more particularly to a lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lily is a plant of Liliaceae and Lilium, belonging to a variety of wild lily. The bulb is spherical, with a diameter of 2-4.5 cm; the scale is needle-shaped, 1.8-4 cm long and 0.8-1.4 cm wide. The leaves are scattered, usually decreasing from bottom to top, and are inversely lanceolate to inversely ovate, 7-15 cm long and (0.6-)1-2 cm wide. The flowers are single or several arranged in a nearly umbrella shape; the pedicel is 3-10 cm long and slightly curved; the anther is long oval, 1.1-1.6 cm long; the ovary is cylindrical, 3.2-3.6 cm long and 4 mm wide, the style is 8.5-11 cm long, and the stigma is 3-lobed. The capsule is rectangular, 4.5-6 cm long and about 3.5 cm wide, with ribs and many seeds. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is from September to October.

[0003] Gray mold, also known as leaf blight, is the most widespread and harmful disease in lily production. It mainly damages the upper tender leaves of lily, usually forming grayish to yellowish round or oval lesions with varying shapes and sizes, and appearing water-stained around. When the weather is humid, a gray mold layer appears on the lesions. When it is dry, the lesions become thin and translucent. When the disease is severe, the leaves may partially or completely die. At the early stage of the disease, the operator often uses chlorothalonil, carbendazim and other agents for spraying prevention and control; aphids are a common pest that damages lily leaves, including cotton aphids and peach aphids, which mainly suck the sap of the upper tender leaves and stems of lily plants. After the damage of aphids, the leaves become wrinkled, the plants grow poorly and shrink. The secretion of aphids induces black mold on the leaves, and also spreads viruses to cause diseases in lily. The control of aphids is usually carried out by imidacloprid and pyrethrin insecticides. However, long-term use of chemical fungicides and insecticides not only causes the disease and pests to develop strong resistance to these agents, reducing the fungicidal effect, but also easily causes pesticide damage, affecting crop growth or causing environmental pollution. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance, which can effectively improve the control effect of diseases and pests.

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, prevention and control during planting: mix the cultivation substrate with potassium chloride composite material uniformly, then lay it in the furrow, and then plant lily seeds; the potassium chloride composite material is prepared by loading potassium chloride on chitosan / hydroxyapatite as a carrier;

[0007] S2, after planting, prevention and treatment: at the seedling stage to the bud stage, every 15-20 days, spray protective agent, the protective agent is composed of plant extract, sodium silicate and water;

[0008] Among them, the ratio of plant extract, sodium silicate and water is 0.5-1g:1.5-1.8g:1L; the plant extract is extracted from three or four of the following: spilanthes, sophora, clove, marigold, mint, kandahar.

[0009] Preferably, the potassium chloride composite material in S1 is prepared by the following steps:

[0010] Step 1, add chitosan to acetic acid solution, stir until dissolved, then add hydroxyapatite, stir for 0.5-1h, get composite slurry;

[0011] Step 2, add potassium chloride to the composite slurry, adjust the solution pH to 8-9, stir for 10-20min, dry to get potassium chloride composite material.

[0012] Preferably, in step 1, the ratio of chitosan, hydroxyapatite and acetic acid solution is 6-7g:3-4g:100ml; the mass concentration of acetic acid solution is 3%.

[0013] Preferably, in step 2, the mass ratio of potassium chloride to composite slurry is 1:25-30.

[0014] Preferably, in step 1, the mass ratio of cultivation matrix to potassium chloride composite material is 7-8:2-3, the laying thickness is 3-4cm, and the seeding depth of lily bulb is 1-1.5cm.

[0015] Preferably, every 15-20 days during the seedling stage, protective agent A containing plant extract A is sprayed, plant extract A is extracted from spilanthes, clove and marigold with a mass ratio of 1-3:2-4:0.5-2; spray during the seedling stage;

[0016] Every 15-20 days during the bud stage, protective agent B containing plant extract B is sprayed, plant extract B is extracted from mint, sophora and clove with a mass ratio of 0.3-2:1-3:1-2; spray during the bud stage;

[0017] Every 15-20 days during the bud stage, protective agent C containing plant extract C is sprayed, plant extract C is extracted from spilanthes, sophora, kandahar and marigold with a mass ratio of 1-3:1-4:1-3:0.5-1; spray during the bud stage;

[0018] The spraying interval between protective agent A, protective agent B and protective agent C is 15-20 days.

[0019] Preferably, the plant extract A is prepared according to the following steps:

[0020] Step a, take the spiny amaranth, clove, marigold according to the mass ratio of 1-3:2-4:0.5-2, dry respectively, and then crush into powder for standby;

[0021] Step b, preparation of spiny amaranth extract: add spiny amaranth powder into ethanol, soak for 10-15h, then heat and reflux at 40-50℃ for 2-3h, after extraction, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain spiny amaranth extract; wherein the ratio of spiny amaranth powder to ethanol is 1g:8-10ml;

[0022] Preparation of clove extract: mix clove powder with ethanol, then ultrasonic extraction for 30-50min, and centrifugal to obtain clove extract; wherein the ratio of clove powder to ethanol is 1g:5-6ml; ultrasonic power is 300-500W, and extraction temperature is 40-60℃;

[0023] Preparation of marigold extract: use water as extraction agent, reflux extract marigold powder at 30-40℃ for 1-1.5h, after extraction for 2-3 times, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain marigold extract; the ratio of marigold to water is 1:17-22ml;

[0024] Step c, mix spiny amaranth extract, clove extract and marigold extract to obtain plant extract A.

[0025] Preferably, the plant extract B is prepared according to the following steps:

[0026] Step a, take the peppermint, sophora flavescens, clove according to the mass ratio of 0.3-2:1-3:1-2, dry respectively, and then crush into powder for standby;

[0027] Step b, preparation of peppermint extract: add peppermint powder into ethanol, heat and reflux at 30-40℃ for 2-3h, after extraction, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain peppermint extract; the ratio of peppermint powder to ethanol is 1g:10-12ml;

[0028] Preparation of mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove: mix sophora flavescens powder and clove powder with ethanol, then ultrasonic extraction for 30-50min, and centrifugal to obtain mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove; the ratio of sophora flavescens powder and clove powder mixture to ethanol is 1:8-10ml; ultrasonic power is 300-500W, and extraction temperature is 40-60℃;

[0029] Step c, mix peppermint extract and mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove to obtain plant extract B.

[0030] Preferably, the plant extract C is prepared according to the following steps:

[0031] Step a, take the purslane, sophora flavescens, veratrum, marigold according to the mass ratio of 1-3:1-4:1-3:0.5-1, dry respectively, and then crush into powder for standby;

[0032] Step b, preparation of purslane extract: add purslane powder into ethanol, soak for 10-15h, then heat reflux extraction at 40-50℃ for 2-3h, after extraction, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain purslane extract; the ratio of purslane powder to ethanol is 1g:8-10ml;

[0033] Preparation of sophora flavescens extract: mix sophora flavescens powder with ethanol, then ultrasonic extraction for 30-50min, centrifugal to obtain sophora flavescens extract; the ratio of sophora flavescens powder to ethanol is 1:6-8ml; ultrasonic power is 300-500w, extraction temperature is 40-60℃

[0034] Preparation of mixed extract of marigold and veratrum: use water as extraction agent, reflux extraction of marigold powder and veratrum powder at 30-40℃ for 1-1.5h, after extraction for 2-3 times, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain mixed extract of marigold and veratrum; the ratio of the mixture of marigold powder and veratrum powder to water is 1:20-25ml;

[0035] Step c, mix purslane extract, sophora flavescens extract, mixed extract of marigold and veratrum to obtain plant extract C.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) In the present application, the cultivation substrate is mixed with the potassium chloride composite material before laying, and the addition of the potassium chloride composite material is beneficial to improve the disease resistance of lilies. The preparation of the potassium chloride composite material uses chitosan and hydroxyapatite as carriers and loads potassium chloride, which plays a slow-release role on potassium chloride, thereby improving the disease and pest resistance of lilies. Meanwhile, the combination of potassium chloride and chitosan can further improve the control effect of lilies on diseases and pests.

[0038] (2) In the growth process of lilies, different plant compound extracts are used in the protective agent at different stages from seedling stage to bud stage, which effectively improves the control effect. Meanwhile, the combination of sodium silicate and plant extract can effectively improve the control of lily gray mold and aphids. The plant extract is safe in source and easy to degrade, and there is no pesticide residue. The protective agent is simple in proportion and convenient to use, and can effectively control leaf blight and aphids. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] It should be noted that the professional terms used in the present application are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the following embodiments of the present application can be purchased from the market or prepared by the existing method.

[0041] It should be noted that the professional terms used in the present application are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the following embodiments of the present application can be purchased from the market or prepared by the existing method.

[0042] The hydroxyapatite used in the present application is prepared according to the following steps:

[0043] The hydroxyapatite is prepared by using 0.50 mol / L Ca(NO3)2 solution and 0.30 mol / L (NH4)2HPO4 solution as precursors, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10 with ammonia water, and aging for 24 h. The obtained precipitate is washed and dried to obtain hydroxyapatite powder, which is ground for use.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1, prevention and treatment during planting: the cultivation substrate is mixed with the potassium chloride composite material at a mass ratio of 7:3, and then is laid in the furrow at a thickness of 3-4 cm, and then the lily seed ball is planted, and the planting depth is 1-1.5 cm; the potassium chloride composite material is prepared by using chitosan / hydroxyapatite as a carrier and loading potassium chloride;

[0047] The potassium chloride composite material is prepared as follows:

[0048] Step 1, acetic acid is added dropwise into distilled water to prepare an acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3%, which is prepared for use;

[0049] 100 ml of the acetic acid solution is measured and added to a beaker, 6 g of chitosan is added, and stirring is performed under heating at 40℃ until the chitosan is dissolved, then 4 g of hydroxyapatite is added, and stirring is performed for 30 min to obtain a composite slurry;

[0050] Step 2, potassium chloride is added to the composite slurry at a mass ratio of 1:25, and ammonia water is used to adjust the pH value of the solution to 8 during stirring, and stirring is performed for 10 min, and then the potassium chloride composite material is obtained after drying.

[0051] S2, after planting, prevention and treatment: spray protective agent every 15 days during seedling stage to bud stage, the protective agent is composed of plant extract, sodium silicate and water;

[0052] The ratio of plant extract, sodium silicate and water is 0.5g:1.5g:1L; the plant extract includes plant extract A, plant extract B and plant extract C; the spray interval of protective agents containing different plant extracts is 15 days.

[0053] Specifically as follows:

[0054] (1) The plant extract A is extracted from spilanthes acmella, clove and marigold with a mass ratio of 1:2:2. Protective agent A is sprayed during the seedling stage, and the protective agent A is composed of 0.5g:1.5g:1L of plant extract A, sodium silicate and water. The spray interval of each protective agent A is 15 days.

[0055] The plant extract A is prepared according to the following steps:

[0056] Step a, spilanthes acmella, clove and marigold are weighed according to a mass ratio of 1:2:2, dried respectively, and then pulverized into powder for use;

[0057] Step b, preparation of spilanthes acmella extract: spilanthes acmella powder is added to ethanol, soaked for 10h, and then heated to reflux extraction at 40℃ for 3h. After extraction, the spilanthes acmella extract is obtained by filtration and concentration. The ratio of spilanthes acmella powder to ethanol is 1g:10ml.

[0058] Preparation of clove extract: clove powder is mixed with ethanol, and then ultrasonic extraction is performed for 40min. The clove extract is obtained by centrifugation. The ratio of clove powder to ethanol is 1g:5ml. The ultrasonic power is 400W, and the extraction temperature is 50℃.

[0059] Preparation of marigold extract: marigold powder is extracted with water at 40℃ for 1h by reflux extraction. After extraction for 2 times, the marigold extract is obtained by filtration and concentration. The ratio of marigold to water is 1:20ml.

[0060] Step c, the spilanthes acmella extract, clove extract and marigold extract are mixed to obtain the plant extract A.

[0061] (2) The plant extract B is extracted from peppermint, sophora flavescens and clove with a mass ratio of 2:3:1. Protective agent B is sprayed during the bud stage, and the protective agent B is composed of 0.5g:1.5g:1L of plant extract B, sodium silicate and water. The spray interval of each protective agent B is 15 days.

[0062] The plant extract B is prepared according to the following steps:

[0063] Step a, take the mint, Sophora flavescens, clove by mass ratio 2:3:1, dry treatment respectively, and then crush into powder for standby;

[0064] Step b, preparation of mint extract: add mint powder into ethanol, heat reflux extraction at 40℃ for 2h, after extraction, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain mint extract; the ratio of mint powder and ethanol is 1g:10ml;

[0065] Preparation of mixed extract of Sophora flavescens and clove: mix Sophora flavescens powder and clove powder with ethanol, then perform ultrasonic extraction for 40min, and centrifuge to obtain the mixed extract of Sophora flavescens and clove; the ratio of the mixture of Sophora flavescens powder and clove powder and ethanol is 1:8ml; the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the extraction temperature is 50℃;

[0066] Step c, mix the mint extract and the mixed extract of Sophora flavescens and clove to obtain plant extract B.

[0067] (3) Plant extract C is extracted from Portulaca oleracea, Sophora flavescens, Kandahar and marigold in a mass ratio of 3:4:1:0.5. Protective agent C is sprayed at the bud stage, and the protective agent C is composed of 0.5g:1.5g:1L of plant extract C, sodium silicate and water. The interval of each spraying of protective agent C is 15 days.

[0068] Plant extract C is prepared according to the following steps:

[0069] Step a, take Portulaca oleracea, Sophora flavescens, Kandahar and marigold by mass ratio 3:4:1:0.5, dry treatment respectively, and then crush into powder for standby;

[0070] Step b, preparation of Portulaca oleracea extract: add Portulaca oleracea powder into ethanol, soak for 10h, then heat reflux extraction at 40℃ for 3h, after extraction, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain Portulaca oleracea extract; wherein, the ratio of Portulaca oleracea powder and ethanol is 1g:10ml;

[0071] Preparation of Sophora flavescens extract: mix Sophora flavescens powder with ethanol, then perform ultrasonic extraction for 40min, and centrifuge to obtain the mixed extract of Sophora flavescens and clove; the ratio of the mixture of Sophora flavescens powder and clove powder and ethanol is 1:7ml; the ultrasonic power is 400W, and the extraction temperature is 50℃;

[0072] Preparation of mixed extract of marigold and Kandahar: use water as extractant, perform reflux extraction on marigold powder and Kandahar powder at 40℃ for 1h, after extraction for 2 times, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain the mixed extract of marigold and Kandahar; the ratio of the mixture of marigold powder and Kandahar powder and water is 1:22ml;

[0073] Step c, mixing the extracts of purslane, sophora flavescens, marigold and veratrum to obtain plant extract C.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] A lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1, prevention and treatment during planting: the cultivation substrate is mixed with potassium chloride composite material at a mass ratio of 8:2, and then is laid in the furrow at a thickness of 3-4 cm, and then lily seeds are planted at a planting depth of 1-1.5 cm; the potassium chloride composite material is prepared by loading potassium chloride on chitosan / hydroxyapatite as a carrier;

[0077] The potassium chloride composite material is prepared as follows:

[0078] Step 1, ice acetic acid is added to distilled water to prepare an acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3%, which is prepared for use;

[0079] 100 ml of the acetic acid solution is measured and added to a beaker, 7 g of chitosan is added, and stirring is performed under heating at 40°C until the chitosan is dissolved, then 3 g of hydroxyapatite is added, and stirring is performed for 1 h to obtain a composite slurry;

[0080] Step 2, potassium chloride is added to the composite slurry at a mass ratio of potassium chloride: composite slurry of 1:30, and ammonia water is used to adjust the pH of the solution to 9 during stirring, and stirring is performed for 15 min, and then the potassium chloride composite material is obtained after drying.

[0081] S2, prevention and treatment after planting: during the seedling stage to the bud stage, protective agents are sprayed every 20 days, and the protective agents are composed of plant extracts, sodium silicate and water;

[0082] The ratio of the plant extracts, sodium silicate and water is 1 g:1.8 g:1 L; the plant extracts include plant extract A, plant extract B and plant extract C; the spraying interval between the protective agents containing different plant extracts is 20 days.

[0083] During the seedling stage, protective agent A is sprayed, and the protective agent A is composed of 1 g:1.8 g:1 L of plant extract A, sodium silicate and water; the spraying interval of each protective agent A is 20 days.

[0084] During the bud stage, protective agent B is sprayed, and the protective agent B is composed of 1 g:1.8 g:1 L of plant extract B, sodium silicate and water; the spraying interval of each protective agent B is 20 days.

[0085] During the bud stage, protective agent B is sprayed, and the protective agent B is composed of 1 g:1.8 g:1 L of plant extract B, sodium silicate and water; the spraying interval of each protective agent B is 20 days.

[0086] The preparation method of the plant extract A, the plant extract B and the plant extract C is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0087] Embodiment 3

[0088] A lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0089] S1, prevention and treatment during planting: the cultivation substrate is mixed with the potassium chloride composite material according to a mass ratio of 7.5:2.5, and then is laid in the furrow with a laying thickness of 3-4 cm, and then lily seeds are planted with a planting depth of 1-1.5 cm; the potassium chloride composite material is prepared by taking chitosan / hydroxyapatite as a carrier and loading potassium chloride;

[0090] The potassium chloride composite material is prepared as follows:

[0091] Step 1, acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3% is prepared by dropping glacial acetic acid into distilled water, and is prepared for use;

[0092] 100 ml of the acetic acid solution is measured and added into a beaker, 6.5 g of chitosan is added, and after being stirred to dissolve under heating at 40 ℃, 3.5 g of hydroxyapatite is added, and after being stirred for 40 min, a composite slurry is obtained;

[0093] Step 2, potassium chloride is added into the composite slurry according to a mass ratio of potassium chloride: composite slurry of 1:28, and after the pH of the solution is adjusted to 8.5 by using ammonia water during stirring, after being stirred for 20 min, the potassium chloride composite material is obtained after drying.

[0094] S2, prevention and treatment after planting: during the seedling stage to the bud stage, protective agent is sprayed every 17 days, and the protective agent is composed of plant extract, sodium silicate and water;

[0095] The ratio of the plant extract, the sodium silicate and the water is 0.8 g:1.7 g:1 L; the plant extract includes the plant extract A, the plant extract B and the plant extract C; the spraying interval between the protective agents containing different plant extracts is 17 days.

[0096] During the seedling stage, protective agent A is sprayed, and the protective agent A is composed of 0.8 g:1.7 g:1 L of the plant extract A, the sodium silicate and the water. The spraying interval of each protective agent A is 17 days.

[0097] During the bud stage, protective agent B is sprayed, and the protective agent B is composed of 0.8 g:1.7 g:1 L of the plant extract B, the sodium silicate and the water. The spraying interval of each protective agent B is 17 days.

[0098] During the bud stage, protective agent B is sprayed, and the protective agent B is composed of 0.8 g:1.7 g:1 L of the plant extract B, the sodium silicate and the water. The spraying interval of each protective agent B is 17 days.

[0099] The preparation method of the plant extract A, the plant extract B and the plant extract C is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0100] Embodiment 4

[0101] A lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0102] S1, prevention and treatment when planting: the cultivation substrate is mixed with the potassium chloride composite material in a mass ratio of 7:3, and then is evenly laid in the furrow with a laying thickness of 3-4 cm, and then the lily seed ball is planted, and the planting depth is 1-1.5 cm; the potassium chloride composite material is prepared by taking chitosan / hydroxyapatite as a carrier and loading potassium chloride;

[0103] The potassium chloride composite material is prepared as follows:

[0104] Step 1, drop glacial acetic acid into distilled water to prepare an acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3%, for standby;

[0105] Step 2, add 100 ml of the acetic acid solution into a beaker, add 6 g of chitosan, and stir under heating at 40°C until dissolved, then add 4 g of hydroxyapatite, and stir for 30 min to obtain a composite slurry;

[0106] Step 2, add potassium chloride into the composite slurry in a mass ratio of 1:25, and adjust the pH of the solution to 8 with ammonia water during stirring, then stir for 10 min, and dry to obtain the potassium chloride composite material.

[0107] S2, prevention and treatment after planting: spray the protective agent every 15 days during the seedling stage to the bud stage, the protective agent is composed of a plant extract, sodium silicate and water;

[0108] The ratio of the plant extract, the sodium silicate and the water is 0.5 g:1.5 g:1 L; the plant extract includes the plant extract A, the plant extract B and the plant extract C; the spraying interval of the protective agents containing different plant extracts is 15 days.

[0109] Specifically as follows:

[0110] (1) The plant extract A is extracted from spilanthes acmella, syzygium aromaticum and tagetes erecta in a mass ratio of 2:3:0.5. Spray the protective agent A during the seedling stage, the protective agent A is composed of 0.5 g of the plant extract A, 1.5 g of sodium silicate and 1 L of water. The spraying interval of the protective agent A is 15 days each time.

[0111] The plant extract A is prepared according to the following steps:

[0112] Step a, take purslane, clove, marigold according to the mass ratio of 2:3:0.5, dry respectively after processing, and then crush into powder for standby;

[0113] Step b, preparation of purslane extract: purslane powder is added to ethanol, soaked for 15h, and then heated to reflux at 50℃ for 2h. After extraction, the purslane extract is obtained by filtration and concentration. The ratio of purslane powder to ethanol is 1g:8ml.

[0114] Preparation of clove extract: clove powder is mixed with ethanol, and then ultrasonic extraction is performed for 30min. The clove extract is obtained by centrifugation. The ratio of clove powder to ethanol is 1g:6ml. The ultrasonic power is 300W, and the extraction temperature is 40℃.

[0115] Preparation of marigold extract: marigold powder is extracted with water at 35℃ for 1.3h. After extraction for 3 times, the marigold extract is obtained by filtration and concentration. The ratio of marigold to water is 1:17ml.

[0116] Step c, mixing purslane extract, clove extract and marigold extract to obtain plant extract A.

[0117] (2) Plant extract B is extracted from mint, sophora flavescens and clove with a mass ratio of 0.3:2:2. Protective agent B is sprayed at the bud stage. Protective agent B is composed of 0.5g:1.5g:1L of plant extract B, sodium silicate and water. The interval of each spraying of protective agent B is 15 days.

[0118] Plant extract B is prepared according to the following steps:

[0119] Step a, take mint, sophora flavescens and clove according to the mass ratio of 0.3:2:2, dry respectively after processing, and then crush into powder for standby;

[0120] Step b, preparation of mint extract: mint powder is added to ethanol, and then heated to reflux at 30℃ for 3h. After extraction, the mint extract is obtained by filtration and concentration. The ratio of mint powder to ethanol is 1g:12ml.

[0121] Preparation of mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove: sophora flavescens powder and clove powder are mixed with ethanol, and then ultrasonic extraction is performed for 30min. The mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove is obtained by centrifugation. The ratio of the mixture of sophora flavescens powder and clove powder to ethanol is 1:9ml. The ultrasonic power is 300W, and the extraction temperature is 40℃.

[0122] Step c, mixing mint extract and mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove to obtain plant extract B.

[0123] (3) The plant extract C is extracted from the spilanthes acmella, sophora flavescens, krameria tri-dentata and tagetes erecta in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1. The protective agent C is sprayed at the bud stage, and the protective agent C is prepared from the plant extract B, sodium silicate and water in a mass ratio of 0.5g:1.5g:1L. The interval between each spraying of the protective agent C is 15 days.

[0124] The plant extract C is prepared according to the following steps:

[0125] Step a, the spilanthes acmella, sophora flavescens, krameria tri-dentata and tagetes erecta are weighed in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1, dried respectively, and then pulverized into powder for use;

[0126] Step b, preparation of the spilanthes acmella extract: the spilanthes acmella powder is added into ethanol, soaked for 15h, and then heated to reflux at 50℃ for 2h. After the extraction is completed, the spilanthes acmella extract is obtained by filtration and concentration. The ratio of the spilanthes acmella powder to ethanol is 1g:8ml;

[0127] Preparation of the sophora flavescens extract: the sophora flavescens powder is mixed with ethanol, and then ultrasonically extracted for 30min. The sophora flavescens and clove mixed extract is obtained by centrifugation. The ratio of the sophora flavescens powder and clove powder mixture to ethanol is 1:6ml. The ultrasonic power is 300W, and the extraction temperature is 40℃;

[0128] Preparation of the krameria tri-dentata and tagetes erecta mixed extract: the krameria tri-dentata powder and tagetes erecta powder are extracted with water at 35℃ for 1.3h by reflux extraction. After three times of extraction, the krameria tri-dentata and tagetes erecta mixed extract is obtained by filtration and concentration. The ratio of the krameria tri-dentata powder and tagetes erecta powder mixture to water is 1:20ml;

[0129] Step c, the spilanthes acmella extract, sophora flavescens extract, krameria tri-dentata and tagetes erecta mixed extract are mixed to obtain the plant extract C.

[0130] Example 5

[0131] A lily cultivation method with strong disease and pest resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0132] S1, prevention and control during planting: the cultivation substrate is mixed with the potassium chloride composite material in a mass ratio of 7:3, and then is laid in the furrow at a thickness of 3-4cm. Then, the lily seed ball is planted at a sowing depth of 1-1.5cm. The potassium chloride composite material is prepared by loading potassium chloride on chitosan / hydroxyapatite as a carrier;

[0133] The potassium chloride composite material is prepared as follows:

[0134] Step 1, acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3% is prepared by adding glacial acetic acid into distilled water, and is prepared for use;

[0135] Take 100ml acetic acid solution into a beaker, add 6g chitosan, stir under the condition of heating at 40℃ until dissolved, then add 4g hydroxyapatite, stir for 30min, and then get the composite slurry;

[0136] Step 2, add potassium chloride to the composite slurry at a mass ratio of 1:25, adjust the pH of the solution to 8 with ammonia water during stirring, stir for 10min, and then dry to obtain a potassium chloride composite material.

[0137] S2, after planting, spray the protective agent every 15 days during the seedling stage to the bud stage, the protective agent is composed of plant extract, sodium silicate and water;

[0138] The ratio of plant extract, sodium silicate and water is 0.5g:1.5g:1L; the plant extract includes plant extract A, plant extract B and plant extract C; the spraying interval of protective agents containing different plant extracts is 15 days.

[0139] Specifically as follows:

[0140] (1) The plant extract A is extracted from spilanthes acmella, clove and marigold at a mass ratio of 3:4:1. Spray protective agent A during the seedling stage, the protective agent A is composed of 0.5g:1.5g:1L of plant extract A, sodium silicate and water. The spraying interval of each protective agent A is 15 days.

[0141] The plant extract A is prepared according to the following steps:

[0142] Step a, take spilanthes acmella, clove and marigold according to the mass ratio of 3:4:1, dry them respectively, and then crush them into powder for use;

[0143] Step b, preparation of spilanthes acmella extract: add spilanthes acmella powder into ethanol, soak for 12h, then heat and reflux extract at 45℃ for 2.5h, after extraction, perform suction filtration and concentration to obtain spilanthes acmella extract; the ratio of spilanthes acmella powder and ethanol is 1g:9ml;

[0144] Preparation of clove extract: mix clove powder and ethanol, then ultrasonic extract for 50min, and centrifuge to obtain clove extract; the ratio of clove powder and ethanol is 1g:5.5ml; the ultrasonic power is 500W, and the extraction temperature is 60℃;

[0145] Preparation of marigold extract: use water as extractant, reflux extract marigold powder at 30℃ for 1.5h, perform suction filtration and concentration after extracting twice to obtain marigold extract; the ratio of marigold and water is 1:22ml;

[0146] Step c, the purslane extract, clove extract, marigold extract are mixed to obtain plant extract A.

[0147] (2) Plant extract B is obtained by extracting mint, sophora flavescens and clove in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.5. Protective agent B is sprayed at the bud stage, and the protective agent B is obtained by mixing plant extract B, sodium silicate and water in a mass ratio of 0.5g:1.5g:1L. The interval of each spraying of protective agent B is 15 days.

[0148] Plant extract B is prepared according to the following steps:

[0149] Step a, the mint, sophora flavescens and clove are weighed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.5, dried respectively, and then pulverized into powder for standby;

[0150] Step b, preparation of mint extract: the mint powder is added to ethanol, heated and refluxed at 35°C for 2.5h, and then filtered and concentrated to obtain the mint extract; the ratio of mint powder to ethanol is 1g:11ml;

[0151] Preparation of mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove: the sophora flavescens powder and clove powder are mixed with ethanol, and then ultrasonically extracted for 50min, and centrifuged to obtain the mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove; the ratio of the mixture of sophora flavescens powder and clove powder to ethanol is 1:10ml; the ultrasonic power is 500W, and the extraction temperature is 60°C;

[0152] Step c, the mint extract and the mixed extract of sophora flavescens and clove are mixed to obtain plant extract B.

[0153] (3) Plant extract C is obtained by extracting purslane, sophora flavescens, veratrum nigrum and marigold in a mass ratio of 1:3:3:0.8. Protective agent C is sprayed at the bud stage, and the protective agent C is obtained by mixing plant extract C, sodium silicate and water in a mass ratio of 0.5g:1.5g:1L. The interval of each spraying of protective agent C is 15 days.

[0154] Plant extract C is prepared according to the following steps:

[0155] Step a, the purslane, sophora flavescens, veratrum nigrum and marigold are weighed in a mass ratio of 1:3:3:0.8, dried respectively, and then pulverized into powder for standby;

[0156] Step b, preparation of purslane extract: the purslane powder is added to ethanol, soaked for 12h, and then heated and refluxed at 45°C for 2.5h, and then filtered and concentrated to obtain the purslane extract; the ratio of purslane powder to ethanol is 1g:9ml;

[0157] Preparation of Sophora flavescens extract: after Sophora flavescens powder was mixed with ethanol, ultrasonic extraction was performed for 50 min, and centrifugation was performed to obtain the mixed extract of Sophora flavescens and clove; the ratio of the mixture of Sophora flavescens powder and clove powder to ethanol was 1:8 ml; the ultrasonic power was 500 W, and the extraction temperature was 60℃;

[0158] Preparation of mixed extract of Tagetes erecta and Kandelia candel: Tagetes erecta powder and Kandelia candel powder were subjected to reflux extraction at 30℃ for 1.5 h with water as an extraction agent, and after extraction for 2 times, filtration and concentration were performed to obtain the mixed extract of Tagetes erecta and Kandelia candel; the ratio of the mixture of Tagetes erecta powder and Kandelia candel powder to water was 1:25 ml;

[0159] Step c, mixing the Portulaca oleracea extract, Sophora flavescens extract and mixed extract of Tagetes erecta and Kandelia candel to obtain plant extract C.

[0160] Comparative example 1

[0161] The same as example 1, except that in the S1 step, no potassium chloride composite material was added, and only a cultivation substrate was laid.

[0162] Comparative example 2

[0163] The same as example 1, except that in the S2 step, when the protective agent was sprayed, the plant extract in the protective agent sprayed at different stages was plant extract A.

[0164] Comparative example 3

[0165] The same as example 1, except that in the S2 step, when the protective agent was sprayed, no sodium silicate was added to the protective agent.

[0166] Comparative example 4

[0167] The same as example 1, except that in the S2 step, no protective agent was sprayed.

[0168] The lilies used in the present application were Lanzhou lilies, and three plots were set up and planted according to the methods of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, and each plot had 30 m 2 A blank control group was also set up, the control group only laid a cultivation substrate and sprayed water, and a total of 4 treatment groups were set up, and an isolation row was set up between each plot. Investigation was performed on the 9th day after the end of spraying at the bud stage, and at the time of investigation, 10 plants were randomly selected from each plot, and the number of diseased leaves and aphids was investigated.

[0169] The incidence of gray mold was graded according to the following standards and the article “Disease Resistance Identification of Different Lily Varieties to Lily Gray Mold” published by Zhu Limei et al. (2010), and the disease index and control effect were calculated, and the calculation formula was as follows:

[0170]

[0171]

[0172] The insect prevention effect (%) = (number of aphids in the control area - number of aphids in the treatment area) / number of aphids in the control area x 100.

[0173] Table 1: Prevention effect of lily diseases and pests

[0174] Disease prevention effect / % Insect prevention effect / % Example 1 89.0 90.3 Comparative Example 1 72.9 81.5 Comparative Example 2 83.1 85.6 Comparative Example 3 84.7 88.7 Comparative Example 4 54.2 62.1

[0175] As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation method of the present application increases the prevention effect of lily gray mold and aphids. Compared with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, the prevention effect of the present application is significantly improved, because the use of the potassium chloride composite material and the protective agent in the present application can effectively improve the prevention effect of lily diseases and pests. In Comparative Example 2, only one kind of plant compound extract is used, which has a certain prevention effect, but compared with Example 1, the prevention effect of Comparative Example 2 will decrease, indicating that different compound extracts can further improve the prevention effect. In the absence of sodium silicate, the disease prevention effect and insect prevention effect of Comparative Example 3 decrease.

[0176] It should be noted that the plowing, application of base fertilizer before planting lilies, and field management after planting are all carried out according to the conventional method.

[0177] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic inventive concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0178] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating lilies with strong resistance to diseases and pests, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prevention during planting: After evenly mixing the cultivation substrate with the potassium chloride composite material, spread it in the planting bed, and then plant the lily bulbs; the potassium chloride composite material is prepared by loading potassium chloride onto chitosan / hydroxyapatite as a carrier; the potassium chloride composite material is prepared according to the following steps: Step 1: Add chitosan to acetic acid solution, stir until dissolved, then add hydroxyapatite and stir for 0.5-1 hour to obtain composite slurry; Step 2: Add potassium chloride to the composite slurry, adjust the pH of the solution to 8-9, stir for 10-20 minutes, and then dry to obtain the potassium chloride composite material; S2. Post-planting prevention: Spray a protective agent every 15-20 days from the seedling stage to the bud stage. The protective agent is composed of plant extracts, sodium silicate and water. The ratio of plant extract, sodium silicate, and water is 0.5-1g:1.5-1.8g:1L; the plant extract is obtained by extracting three or four of the following raw materials: purslane, sophora flavescens, clove, marigold, mint, and veratrum nigrum. During the seedling stage, spray protective agent A containing plant extract A every 15-20 days. Plant extract A is obtained by extracting purslane, clove and marigold in a mass ratio of 1-3:2-4:0.5-2. During the bulbil stage, spray a protective agent B containing plant extract B every 15-20 days. Plant extract B is obtained by extracting peppermint, sophora flavescens, and clove in a mass ratio of 0.3-2:1-3:1-2. During the bud stage, spray a protective agent C containing plant extract C every 15-20 days. Plant extract C is obtained by extracting purslane, sophora flavescens, veratrum nigrum, and marigold in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-4:1-3:0.5-1. The interval between spraying protective agents A, B, and C is 15-20 days.

2. The method for cultivating lilies with strong resistance to diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the ratio of chitosan, hydroxyapatite, and acetic acid solution is 6-7g:3-4g:100ml; the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3%.

3. The method for cultivating lilies with strong resistance to diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the mass ratio of potassium chloride to composite slurry is 1:25-30.

4. The method for cultivating lilies with strong resistance to diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the mass ratio of the cultivation substrate to the potassium chloride composite material is 7-8:2-3, the thickness of the substrate is 3-4cm, and the sowing depth of the lily bulbs is 1-1.5cm.

5. The method for cultivating lilies with strong resistance to diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, Plant extract A was prepared according to the following steps: Step a: Weigh purslane, cloves, and marigolds according to a mass ratio of 1-3:2-4:0.5-2, dry them separately, and then pulverize them into powder for later use. Step b, Preparation of purslane extract: Add purslane powder to ethanol, soak for 10-15 hours, then heat and reflux at 40-50℃ for 2-3 hours. After extraction, filter and concentrate to obtain purslane extract; wherein, the ratio of purslane powder to ethanol is 1g:8-10ml. Preparation of clove extract: Clove powder was mixed with ethanol and extracted by ultrasonication for 30-50 min, and then centrifuged to obtain clove extract; wherein, the ratio of clove powder to ethanol was 1g:5-6ml; the ultrasonic power was 300-500W, and the extraction temperature was 40-60℃. Preparation of marigold extract: Marigold powder was refluxed at 30-40℃ for 1-1.5 hours using water as the extractant. After extraction 2-3 times, the extract was filtered and concentrated to obtain marigold extract. The ratio of marigold to water was 1:17-22 ml. Step c: Mix purslane extract, clove extract, and marigold extract to obtain plant extract A.

6. The method for cultivating lilies with strong resistance to diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, Plant extract B was prepared according to the following steps: Step a: Weigh out peppermint, sophora flavescens, and cloves in a mass ratio of 0.3-2:1-3:1-2, dry them separately, and then grind them into powder for later use. Step b, Preparation of peppermint extract: Add peppermint powder to ethanol and heat under reflux at 30-40℃ for 2-3 hours. After extraction, filter and concentrate to obtain peppermint extract; the ratio of peppermint powder to ethanol is 1g:10-12ml. Preparation of the mixed extract of Sophora flavescens and clove: Sophora flavescens powder, clove powder and ethanol were mixed and extracted by ultrasonication for 30-50 min, and centrifuged to obtain the mixed extract of Sophora flavescens and clove; the ratio of the mixture of Sophora flavescens powder and clove powder to ethanol was 1:8-10 ml; the ultrasonic power was 300-500 W and the extraction temperature was 40-60℃. Step c: Mix the peppermint extract, sophora flavescens extract and clove extract to obtain plant extract B.

7. The method for cultivating lilies with strong resistance to diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, Plant extract C was prepared according to the following steps: Step a: Weigh out purslane, sophora flavescens, veratrum nigrum, and marigold in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-4:1-3:0.5-1, dry them separately, and then pulverize them into powder for later use. Step b, Preparation of purslane extract: Add purslane powder to ethanol, soak for 10-15 hours, then heat and reflux at 40-50℃ for 2-3 hours. After extraction, filter and concentrate to obtain purslane extract; wherein, the ratio of purslane powder to ethanol is 1g:8-10ml. Preparation of Sophora flavescens extract: Sophora flavescens powder was mixed with ethanol and extracted by ultrasonication for 30-50 min, and centrifuged to obtain Sophora flavescens extract; the ratio of Sophora flavescens powder to ethanol was 1:6-8 ml; the ultrasonic power was 300-500 W and the extraction temperature was 40-60℃. Preparation of marigold and veratrum mixed extract: marigold powder and veratrum powder were refluxed at 30-40℃ for 1-1.5h using water as the extractant, and extracted 2-3 times. After extraction, the mixture was filtered and concentrated to obtain marigold and veratrum mixed extract. The ratio of marigold powder and veratrum powder to water was 1:20-25ml. Step c: Mix purslane extract, sophora flavescens extract, marigold and veratrum extract to obtain plant extract C.

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