Adiabatic system for cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of liquid hydrogen cold energy cascade utilization's adiabatic system, including liquid hydrogen storage tank, first cold storage tank and first cold storage tank, liquid hydrogen storage tank includes inner container, outer container and vacuum multilayer insulation, vacuum multilayer insulation includes first insulation layer, first cold screen, second insulation layer in turn set in outer container;First heat exchanger is immersed in the first cold storage tank in the first cold working medium, and first heat exchanger is communicated with inner container;Second heat exchanger is immersed in the first cold storage tank in the first cold working medium, and the two ends of first heat exchanger are communicated with second heat exchanger, and the two ends of first cold screen are communicated with first cold storage tank, and the cold energy of low-temperature liquid hydrogen is indirectly released to the first cold working medium in the first cold storage tank in the application, so that the first cold working medium in first cold screen is always maintained at lower temperature, and then the temperature in first cold screen is maintained at lower temperature, to reduce container radiation heat loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of efficient hydrogen energy storage and energy conservation, and particularly to an insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy. Background Technology

[0002] Safe, reliable, and efficient hydrogen storage technology is crucial for realizing hydrogen energy utilization, and liquid hydrogen has attracted widespread attention in the industry due to its high energy density. It is typically stored in high-vacuum, multi-layered, insulated double-walled tanks. However, a significant temperature difference exists between liquid hydrogen and its ambient temperature (approximately 300K), making heat leakage and evaporation losses unavoidable during long-term storage. To reduce heat leakage, cryogenic researchers use a method of adding vapor cooling screens within multi-layered insulation materials to insulate liquid hydrogen storage tanks. This involves introducing the evaporated cryogenic hydrogen gas into the cooling screen, where the cryogenic hydrogen absorbs the heat leaking into the multi-layered insulation material through its sensible heat, thereby improving the insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0003] However, this setup results in discontinuous cryogenic hydrogen emissions. The liquid hydrogen tank will only automatically release gas when the pressure inside reaches a certain level due to external heat leakage. Once the pressure drops to the specified minimum pressure, the emissions will stop, and the tank will enter a self-pressurization phase. The tank will only reopen once the pressure rises to the specified level. This results in a continuous inability to input cooling energy into the cold shield, causing temperature fluctuations and uneven distribution within the cold shield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, the main objective of the present invention is to provide an insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy, which keeps the temperature inside the cold shield at a low temperature.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy, comprising:

[0006] A liquid hydrogen storage tank includes an inner container, an outer container, and multiple insulation layers. The inner container is used to contain liquid hydrogen. The outer container is fitted over the inner container. A vacuum interlayer is formed between the inner container and the outer container. The multiple insulation layers are disposed within the vacuum interlayer. The multiple insulation layers include a first insulation layer, a first cold shield, and a second insulation layer sequentially fitted over the inner container.

[0007] A first cooling storage tank is used to contain a first cooling working fluid. A first heat exchanger is provided in the first cooling storage tank. The first heat exchanger is immersed in the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank. The first heat exchanger is connected to the inner container. Liquid hydrogen in the inner container can flow into the first heat exchanger and exchange heat with the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank.

[0008] A first cold storage tank is used to contain a first cold storage medium. A second heat exchanger is installed inside the first cold storage tank. The second heat exchanger is immersed in the first cold storage medium inside the first cold storage tank. A first cold extraction tank is connected to both ends of the second heat exchanger through two spaced-apart pipes. The first cold extraction medium in the first cold extraction tank can circulate between the first cold extraction tank and the second heat exchanger and exchange heat with the first cold storage medium in the first cold storage tank. The first cold storage tank is connected to both ends of the first cold shield through two spaced-apart pipes. The first cold storage medium in the first cold storage tank circulates between the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield.

[0009] Preferably, the insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy further includes a first circulation pump, a second circulation pump, and a piston pump. The first circulation pump is installed on a pipe connecting the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield, and is used to drive the first cold storage medium in the first cold storage tank to circulate between the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield. The second circulation pump is installed on a pipe connecting the first cold extraction tank and the second heat exchanger, and is used to drive the first cold extraction medium in the first cold extraction tank to circulate between the first cold extraction tank and the second heat exchanger. The piston pump is installed between the inner container and the first heat exchanger, and is used to pressurize the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container and input the pressurized liquid hydrogen into the first heat exchanger.

[0010] Preferably, valves for controlling the on / off state of the two pipes connecting the first cold storage tank and the second heat exchanger are respectively installed on the two pipes connecting the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield.

[0011] Preferably, the multi-layer insulation layer further includes a second cold shield and a third insulation layer sequentially sleeved outside the second insulation layer. The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a second cold extraction storage tank and a second cold storage tank. The second cold extraction storage tank is used to contain a second cold extraction working fluid. A third heat exchanger is provided inside the second cold extraction storage tank. The third heat exchanger is immersed in the second cold extraction working fluid inside the second cold extraction storage tank. The third heat exchanger is connected to the end of the first heat exchanger away from the inner container. Liquid hydrogen in the inner container can flow into the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger sequentially, and exchange heat with the first cold extraction working fluid in the first cold extraction storage tank and the second cold extraction working fluid in the second cold extraction storage tank sequentially.

[0012] The second cold storage tank is used to contain the second cold storage medium. A fourth heat exchanger is installed inside the second cold storage tank. The fourth heat exchanger is immersed in the second cold storage medium inside the second cold storage tank. The second cold extraction tank is connected to both ends of the fourth heat exchanger through two spaced-apart pipes. The second cold extraction medium in the second cold extraction tank can circulate between the second cold extraction tank and the fourth heat exchanger and exchange heat with the second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank. The second cold storage tank is connected to both ends of the second cold shield through two spaced-apart pipes. The second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank circulates between the second cold storage tank and the second cold shield.

[0013] Preferably, the insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy further includes a third circulation pump and a fourth circulation pump. The third circulation pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the second cold storage tank and the second cold shield, and is used to drive the second cold storage working fluid in the second cold storage tank to circulate between the second cold storage tank and the second cold shield. The fourth circulation pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the second cold extraction tank and the fourth heat exchanger, and is used to drive the second cold extraction working fluid in the second cold extraction tank to circulate between the second cold extraction tank and the fourth heat exchanger.

[0014] Preferably, the insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy further includes a third cold extraction tank, a third cold storage tank, and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle. The third cold extraction tank is used to contain a third cold extraction working fluid. A fifth heat exchanger is installed inside the third cold extraction tank. The fifth heat exchanger is immersed in the third cold extraction working fluid inside the third cold extraction tank. One end of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to the end of the third heat exchanger away from the first heat exchanger, and the other end of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle. The liquid hydrogen in the inner container can flow into the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, and the fifth heat exchanger in sequence, and exchange heat with the first cold extraction working fluid in the first cold extraction tank, the second cold extraction working fluid in the second cold extraction tank, and the third cold extraction working fluid in the third cold extraction tank in sequence. The liquid hydrogen releases heat and vaporizes into high-pressure hydrogen gas in the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, and the fifth heat exchanger and is transported to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle.

[0015] The third cold storage tank is used to contain the third cold storage medium. A sixth heat exchanger is installed in the third cold storage tank. The sixth heat exchanger is immersed in the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank. The third cold extraction tank is connected to both ends of the sixth heat exchanger through two spaced pipes. The third cold extraction medium in the third cold extraction tank can circulate between the third cold extraction tank and the sixth heat exchanger and exchange heat with the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank.

[0016] A seventh heat exchanger is installed inside the third cold storage tank. The seventh heat exchanger is immersed in the third cold storage medium inside the third cold storage tank. One end of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle, and the other end of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the hydrogen refueling gun. The hydrogen gas in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle is output to the seventh heat exchanger and absorbs the cold energy of the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank before being delivered to the hydrogen refueling gun.

[0017] Preferably, the adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy further includes a fifth circulation pump, which is installed on the pipeline connecting the third cold storage tank and the sixth heat exchanger. The fifth circulation pump is used to drive the third cold working fluid in the third cold storage tank to circulate between the third cold storage tank and the fifth heat exchanger.

[0018] Preferably, the inner container is divided into a gas pillow area and a liquid hydrogen area. The liquid hydrogen area is used to contain liquid hydrogen. The hydrogen gas obtained after the liquid hydrogen is vaporized is released into the gas pillow area. The first heat exchanger is connected to the liquid hydrogen area. The liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen area can flow into the first heat exchanger and exchange heat with the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank.

[0019] Preferably, the insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy includes a vent pipe, one end of which is connected to the gas pillow area and the other end of which is connected to the outside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. A vent valve is provided on the vent pipe to control the opening and closing of the vent pipe.

[0020] Preferably, the insulation layer is formed by stacking multiple layers of insulation material in a vacuum environment or by forming hollow glass microspheres.

[0021] Advantages of the technical solution of this invention: After cryogenic liquid hydrogen is stored in the inner container of this application, the liquid hydrogen in the inner container flows into the first heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank, thereby releasing a first stage of cold energy to the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank. Then, the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank circulates between the first cooling storage tank and the second heat exchanger. The first cooling working fluid flowing into the second heat exchanger exchanges heat with the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank, thereby releasing cold energy to the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank. Afterwards, the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank circulates between the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield, and the first cold... The first cold storage medium inside the screen serves as the second protective barrier for liquid hydrogen. After absorbing heat transferred from the outside through the outer container, the second insulation layer, and the second cold screen, the first cold storage medium inside the first cold screen flows back to the first cold storage tank for cooling through pipelines. This application stores the primary cold energy of cryogenic liquid hydrogen in the first cold storage medium inside the first cold storage tank by setting up a first cold extraction tank, a first heat exchanger, a first cold storage tank, and a second heat exchanger. This keeps the first cold storage medium inside the first cold storage tank at a low temperature, and thus keeps the first cold storage medium flowing into the first cold screen at a low temperature. Consequently, the temperature in the first cold screen is maintained at a basically constant low temperature to reduce radiative heat leakage. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and its connecting pipeline in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the first cold extraction tank, the first cold storage tank, the second cold extraction tank, and the second cold storage tank in one embodiment.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the third cold extraction tank, the third cold storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle in one embodiment.

[0027] Among them, 100 is a liquid hydrogen storage tank; 110 is an inner container; 120 is an outer container; 130 is a vacuum jacket; 140 is a multi-layer insulation layer; 141 is a first insulation layer; 142 is a first cold shield; 143 is a second insulation layer; 144 is a second cold shield; 145 is a third insulation layer; 200 is a first cold storage tank; 210 is a first heat exchanger; 300 is a first cold storage tank; 310 is a second heat exchanger; 400 is a first circulating pump; 410 is a first valve; 420 is a second valve; 430 is a third valve; 500 is a second circulating pump; 510 is a fourth valve; 520 is a fifth valve; 600 is a piston pump; 610 is a sixth valve; 620 is a seventh valve; 700 is a second cold storage tank; 71 0. Third heat exchanger; 800. Second cold storage tank; 810. Fourth heat exchanger; 900. Third circulating pump; 910. Eighth valve; 920. Ninth valve; 930. Tenth valve; 1000. Fourth circulating pump; 1010. Eleventh valve; 1020. Twelfth valve; 1100. Third cold extraction tank; 1110. Fifth heat exchanger; 1200. Third cold storage tank; 1210. Sixth heat exchanger; 1220. Seventh heat exchanger; 1300. High-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle; 1310. Sixteenth valve; 1320. Seventeenth valve; 1400. Fifth circulating pump; 1410. Thirteenth valve; 1420. Fourteenth valve; 1500. Vent pipe; 1510. Vent valve;

[0028] 1. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; 2. Hydrogen refueling nozzle.

[0029] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0032] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the term "and / or" throughout the text includes three solutions; taking A and / or B as an example, it includes technical solution A, technical solution B, and a technical solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of a person skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0033] refer to Figures 1 to 3 An insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank 100, a first cold extraction storage tank 200, and a first cold storage tank 300. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 100 includes an inner container 110, an outer container 120, and multiple insulation layers 140. The inner container 110 is used to contain liquid hydrogen, and the outer container 120 is fitted over the inner container 110. A vacuum interlayer 130 is located between the inner container 110 and the outer container 120. The multiple insulation layers 140 are disposed within the vacuum interlayer. Within layer 130, the multi-layer insulation layer 140 includes a first insulation layer 141, a first cold shield 142, and a second insulation layer 143 sequentially nested outside the inner container 110; a first cold storage tank 200 is used to contain a first cold working fluid, and a first heat exchanger 210 is provided inside the first cold storage tank 200. The first heat exchanger 210 is immersed in the first cold working fluid inside the first cold storage tank 200, and the first heat exchanger 210 is connected to the inner container 110. Liquid hydrogen in tank 110 can flow into the first heat exchanger 210 and exchange heat with the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank 200; the first cold storage tank 300 is used to contain the first cold storage working fluid, and a second heat exchanger 310 is provided in the first cold storage tank 300. The second heat exchanger 310 is immersed in the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank 300. The first cooling storage tank 200 is connected to both ends of the second heat exchanger 310 through two spaced pipes respectively. The first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank 200 can circulate between the first cooling storage tank 200 and the second heat exchanger 310 and exchange heat with the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank 300. The first cold storage tank 300 is connected to both ends of the first cold screen 142 through two spaced pipes respectively. The first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank 300 circulates between the first cold storage tank 300 and the first cold screen 142.

[0034] After cryogenic liquid hydrogen is stored in the inner container 110 of this application, the liquid hydrogen in the inner container 110 continuously flows into the first heat exchanger 210 and exchanges heat with the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank 200, thereby releasing cold energy to the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank 200. Then, the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank 200 circulates between the first cooling storage tank 200 and the second heat exchanger 310. The first cooling working fluid in the second heat exchanger 310 exchanges heat with the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank 300, thereby releasing cold energy to the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank 300. Afterwards, the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank 300 circulates between the first cold storage tank 300 and the first cold screen 142. The first cold storage medium within the first cold shield 142 serves as a thermal protection barrier for liquid hydrogen. After absorbing heat transferred from the outside via the outer container 120, the second insulation layer 143, and the second cold shield 144, the first cold storage medium within the first cold shield 142 flows back to the first cold storage tank 300 for cooling. This application, by configuring a first cold extraction tank 200, a first heat exchanger 210, a first cold storage tank 300, and a second heat exchanger 310, stores the primary cold energy of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen in the first cold storage medium within the first cold storage tank 300. This ensures that the first cold storage medium within the first cold storage tank 300 is consistently cooled to a lower temperature, thus maintaining the first cold storage medium flowing into the first cold shield 142 at a lower temperature, thereby maintaining the temperature within the first cold shield 142 at a substantially constant low temperature. In this embodiment, the vacuum interlayer 130 between the inner container 110 and the outer container 120 reduces the thermal conductivity of the gas.

[0035] In this embodiment, the first cold storage tank 300 has an outlet and an inlet. The outlet of the first cold storage tank 300 is connected to one end of the first cold shield 142 through a first pipe, and the inlet of the first cold storage tank 300 is connected to the other end of the first cold shield 142 through a second pipe. The first cold extraction tank 200 has an outlet and an inlet. The outlet of the first cold extraction tank 200 is connected to one end of the second heat exchanger 310 through a third pipe, and the inlet of the first cold extraction tank 200 is connected to the other end of the second heat exchanger 310 through a fourth pipe.

[0036] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a first circulation pump 400. The first circulation pump 400 is installed on the pipeline connecting the first cold storage tank 300 and the first cold shield 142. The first circulation pump 400 drives the first cold storage working fluid within the first cold storage tank 300 to circulate between the first cold storage tank 300 and the first cold shield 142. In this embodiment, the first circulation pump 400 is installed on a first pipeline. Specifically, the first pipeline includes a pipeline q and a pipeline p. One end of pipeline q is connected to the first cold shield 142, and the other end of pipeline q is connected to the first circulation pump 400. One end of pipeline p is connected to the end of the first circulation pump 400 away from pipeline q, and the other end of pipeline p is connected to the outlet of the first cold storage tank 300. The second pipeline is pipeline r.

[0037] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a second circulation pump 500. The second circulation pump 500 is installed on the pipeline connecting the first cold storage tank 200 and the second heat exchanger 310. The second circulation pump 500 drives the first cold working fluid within the first cold storage tank 200 to circulate between the first cold storage tank 200 and the second heat exchanger 310. In this embodiment, the second circulation pump 500 is installed on a third pipeline. Specifically, the third pipeline includes pipeline m and pipeline n. One end of pipeline m is connected to the outlet of the first cold storage tank 200, and the other end of pipeline m is connected to the second circulation pump 500. One end of pipeline n is connected to the end of the second circulation pump 500 away from pipeline m, and the other end of pipeline n is connected to the second heat exchanger 310. A fourth pipeline is pipeline o, one end of which is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the first cold storage tank.

[0038] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a piston pump 600, which is located between the inner container 110 and the first heat exchanger 210. The piston pump 600 is used to pressurize the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container 110 and input the pressurized liquid hydrogen into the first heat exchanger 210.

[0039] Specifically, the inner container 110 is connected to the first heat exchanger 210 via a fifth pipe, and the piston pump 600 is disposed on the fifth pipe. Further, the fifth pipe includes pipe s and pipe t. One end of pipe s is connected to the inner container 110, and the other end of pipe s is connected to the piston pump 600. One end of pipe t is connected to the end of the piston pump 600 away from pipe s, and the other end of pipe t is connected to the first heat exchanger 210.

[0040] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3Valves for controlling the on / off state of the pipes are installed on the two pipes connecting the first cold storage tank 200 and the second heat exchanger 310; valves for controlling the on / off state of the pipes are installed on the two pipes connecting the first cold storage tank 300 and the first cold screen 142.

[0041] Specifically, a first valve 410 and a second valve 420 are installed on the first pipe connecting the first cold storage tank 300 and the first cold shield 142 to control the on / off state of the first pipe. The first valve 410 and the second valve 420 are located at both ends of the first circulating pump 400. A third valve 430 is installed on the second pipe connecting the first cold storage tank 300 and the second cold shield 142 to control the on / off state of the second pipe; that is, the first valve 410 is installed on pipe q, the second valve 420 is installed on pipe p, and the third valve 430 is installed on pipe r. A fourth valve 510 is installed on the third pipe connecting the first cold extraction tank 200 and the second heat exchanger 310 to control the on / off state of the third pipe. A fifth valve 520 is installed on the fourth pipe connecting the first cold extraction tank 200 and the second heat exchanger 310 to control the on / off state of the fourth pipe; that is, the fourth valve 510 is installed on pipe m, and the fifth valve 520 is installed on pipe o.

[0042] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The fifth pipeline is equipped with a sixth valve 610 and a seventh valve 620 to control the opening and closing of the fifth pipeline. The sixth valve 610 and the seventh valve 620 are located at both ends of the piston pump 600; that is, the sixth valve 610 is installed on the pipeline s and the seventh valve 620 is installed on the pipeline t.

[0043] refer to Figures 1 to 3 The multi-layer insulation layer 140 also includes a second cold shield 144 and a third insulation layer 145 sequentially sleeved outside the second insulation layer 143. The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a second cold storage tank 700 and a second cold storage tank 800. The second cold storage tank 700 is used to contain a second cold working fluid. A third heat exchanger 710 is provided inside the second cold storage tank 700. The third heat exchanger 710 is immersed in the second cold working fluid inside the second cold storage tank 700. The third heat exchanger 710 is connected to the end of the first heat exchanger 210 away from the inner container 110. The liquid hydrogen in the inner container 110 can flow into the first heat exchanger 210 and the third heat exchanger 710 in sequence, and exchange heat with the first cold working fluid in the first cold storage tank 200 and the second cold working fluid in the second cold storage tank 700 in sequence.

[0044] The second cold storage tank 800 is used to contain the second cold storage medium. A fourth heat exchanger 810 is installed inside the second cold storage tank 800. The fourth heat exchanger 810 is immersed in the second cold storage medium inside the second cold storage tank 800. The second cold extraction tank 700 is connected to both ends of the fourth heat exchanger 810 through two spaced-apart pipes. The second cold extraction medium in the second cold extraction tank 700 can circulate between the second cold extraction tank 700 and the fourth heat exchanger 810 and exchange heat with the second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank 800. The second cold storage tank 800 is connected to both ends of the second cold screen 144 through two spaced-apart pipes. The second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank 800 circulates between the second cold storage tank 800 and the second cold screen 144.

[0045] After cryogenic liquid hydrogen is stored in the inner container 110 of this application, the liquid hydrogen in the inner container 110 continuously flows into the first heat exchanger 210 and the third heat exchanger 710, and sequentially exchanges heat with the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank 200 in the first heat exchanger 210 and with the second cooling working fluid in the second cooling storage tank 700 in the third heat exchanger 710, thereby sequentially releasing primary cold energy to the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank 200 and secondary cold energy to the second cooling working fluid in the second cooling storage tank 700; then The cooling medium in the first cooling storage tank 200 circulates between the first cooling storage tank 200 and the second heat exchanger 310. The cooling medium in the second heat exchanger 310 exchanges heat with the first cold storage medium in the first cold storage tank 300, releasing primary cold energy to the first cold storage medium in the first cold storage tank 300. Simultaneously, the second cooling medium in the second cooling storage tank 700 circulates between the second cooling storage tank 700 and the fourth heat exchanger 810. The cooling medium in the fourth heat exchanger 810 exchanges heat with the first cold storage medium in the second cooling storage tank 300. The second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank 800 exchanges heat to release secondary cold energy to the second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank 800; then the first cold storage medium in the first cold storage tank 300 circulates between the first cold storage tank 300 and the first cold shield 142, while the second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank 800 circulates between the second cold storage tank 800 and the second cold shield 144; thus, the second cold storage medium in the second cold shield 144 of this application serves as the first protective barrier for liquid hydrogen, and the second cold shield 144... The second cold storage medium inside 44 absorbs heat from the outside through the outer container 120, the third insulation layer 145, and the vacuum interlayer, and then flows back to the second cold storage tank 800 through a pipeline for cooling. At the same time, the cold storage medium inside the first cold shield 142 serves as the second protective barrier for liquid hydrogen. The first cold storage medium inside the first cold shield 142 absorbs heat from the outside through the outer container 120, the vacuum interlayer, the third insulation layer 145, the second cold shield, and the second insulation layer 143, and then flows back to the first cold storage tank 300 through a pipeline for cooling. This application utilizes the cold energy of liquid hydrogen in two stages by setting up a first cold storage tank 200 and a second cold storage tank 700. The cold energy of the vaporization of low-temperature liquid hydrogen is stored in the first cold storage tank 300 as a first cold storage medium and the second cold storage tank 800 as a second cold storage medium. As a result, the first cold storage medium flowing into the first cold screen 142 and the second cold storage medium flowing into the second cold screen 144 are always maintained at a lower temperature in different temperature zones, thereby absorbing external heat twice and reducing the evaporation of liquid hydrogen.

[0046] In this embodiment, the second cold storage tank 800 has an outlet and an inlet. The outlet of the second cold storage tank 800 is connected to one end of the second cold screen 144 through a sixth pipe, and the inlet of the second cold storage tank 800 is connected to the other end of the second cold screen 144 through a seventh pipe. The second cold extraction tank 700 has an outlet and an inlet. The outlet of the second cold extraction tank 700 is connected to one end of the fourth heat exchanger 810 through an eighth pipe, and the inlet of the second cold extraction tank 700 is connected to the other end of the fourth heat exchanger 810 through a ninth pipe.

[0047] In this embodiment, the first insulation layer 141 can resist the heat conduction between the first cold screen 142 and the inner container 110 due to the temperature difference and suppress the loss of cold energy caused by the radiative heat exchange between the inner container 110 and the outside, thereby reducing the evaporation of liquid hydrogen; the second insulation layer 143 can resist the heat conduction between the second cold screen 144 and the first cold screen 142 due to the temperature difference and suppress the radiative heat exchange between the inner container 110 and the outside, thereby further reducing the evaporation of liquid hydrogen; the third insulation layer 145 can reduce the radiative heat exchange between the inner container 110 and the outside, thereby further reducing the evaporation of liquid hydrogen.

[0048] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a third circulation pump 900. The third circulation pump 900 is installed on the pipeline connecting the second cold storage tank 800 and the second cold shield 144. The third circulation pump 900 drives the second cold storage medium within the second cold storage tank 800 to circulate between the second cold storage tank 800 and the second cold shield 144. In this embodiment, the third circulation pump 900 is installed on a sixth pipeline. Specifically, the sixth pipeline includes pipeline l1 and pipeline l2. One end of pipeline l1 is connected to the second cold shield 144, and the other end of pipeline l1 is connected to the third circulation pump 900. One end of pipeline l2 is connected to the end of the third circulation pump 900 away from pipeline l2, and the other end of pipeline l2 is connected to the outlet of the second cold storage tank 800. The seventh pipeline is pipeline k, which is connected to the inlet of the second cold storage tank.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a fourth circulation pump 1000. The fourth circulation pump 1000 is installed on the pipeline connecting the second cold storage tank 700 and the fourth heat exchanger 810. The fourth circulation pump 1000 drives the second cold working fluid within the second cold storage tank 700 to circulate between the second cold storage tank 700 and the fourth heat exchanger 810. In this embodiment, the fourth circulation pump 1000 is installed on an eighth pipeline. Specifically, the eighth pipeline includes pipeline g and pipeline i. One end of pipeline g is connected to the outlet of the second cold storage tank 700, and the other end of pipeline g is connected to the fourth circulation pump 1000. One end of pipeline i is connected to the end of the fourth circulation pump 1000 away from pipeline g, and the other end of pipeline i is connected to the fourth heat exchanger 810. The ninth pipeline is pipeline j. One end of pipeline j is connected to the outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the second cold storage tank through a twelfth valve 1020.

[0050] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The sixth pipeline is equipped with an eighth valve 910 and a ninth valve 920 to control the on / off state of the sixth pipeline. The eighth valve 910 and the ninth valve 920 are located at both ends of the third circulating pump 900. The seventh pipeline is equipped with a tenth valve 930 to control the on / off state of the seventh pipeline; that is, the eighth valve 910 is installed on pipeline l1, the ninth valve 920 is installed on pipeline l2, and the tenth valve 930 is installed on pipeline k. The eighth pipeline is equipped with an eleventh valve 1010 to control the on / off state of the eighth pipeline, and the ninth pipeline is equipped with a twelfth valve 1020 to control the on / off state of the ninth pipeline; that is, the eleventh valve 1010 is installed on pipeline g, and the twelfth valve 1020 is installed on pipeline j.

[0051] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a third cold extraction tank 1100, a third cold storage tank 1200, and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300. The third cold extraction tank 1100 is used to contain a third cold extraction working fluid. A fifth heat exchanger 1110 is installed inside the third cold extraction tank 1100. The fifth heat exchanger 1110 is immersed in the third cold extraction working fluid inside the third cold extraction tank 1100. One end of the fifth heat exchanger 1110 is connected to the end of the third heat exchanger 710 away from the first heat exchanger 210, and the other end of the fifth heat exchanger 1110 is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300. The liquid hydrogen in the inner container 110 can flow sequentially into the first heat exchanger 210, the third heat exchanger 710, and the fifth heat exchanger 1110, and sequentially interact with the first cold extraction working fluid in the first cold extraction tank 200, the second cold storage tank 710, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300. The second cooling medium in the cooling storage tank 700 and the third cooling medium in the third cooling storage tank 1100 exchange heat. After the liquid hydrogen is pressurized by the piston pump 600 and gradually reheated by the first heat exchanger 210, the third heat exchanger 710 and the fifth heat exchanger 1110, the pressure is transformed into a high-pressure near-room temperature state and transferred to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300. Specifically, the piston pump 600 compresses the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container 110 and sequentially inputs the pressurized liquid hydrogen into the first heat exchanger 210, the third heat exchanger 710 and the fifth heat exchanger 1110. When the liquid hydrogen releases first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cold energy in the first heat exchanger 210, the third heat exchanger 710 and the fifth heat exchanger 1110 respectively, it will be further vaporized and pressurized, so that when it is output from the fifth heat exchanger 1110, it is completely transformed into high-pressure near-room temperature hydrogen gas.

[0052] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The third cold storage tank 1200 is used to contain the third cold storage medium. The sixth heat exchanger 1210 is installed in the third cold storage tank 1200. The sixth heat exchanger 1210 is immersed in the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank 1200. The third cold extraction tank 1100 is connected to the two ends of the sixth heat exchanger 1210 through two spaced pipes respectively. The third cold extraction medium in the third cold extraction tank 1100 can circulate between the third cold extraction tank 1100 and the sixth heat exchanger 1210 and exchange heat with the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank 1200.

[0053] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4A seventh heat exchanger 1220 is installed inside the third cold storage tank 1200. The seventh heat exchanger 1220 is immersed in the third cold storage medium inside the third cold storage tank 1200. One end of the seventh heat exchanger 1220 is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen refueling gun. Hydrogen gas in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300 is output to the seventh heat exchanger 1220, absorbs the coldness of the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank 1200, and is then output to the hydrogen refueling gun. The other end of the hydrogen refueling gun is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Specifically, the hydrogen refueling gun supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle 1 through the hydrogen refueling pipeline after the hydrogen pre-cooled gas from the equipment of the hydrogen refueling station 2 is circulated.

[0054] In this embodiment, the temperature of the first cooling medium is lower than the temperature of the second cooling medium, the temperature of the second cooling medium is lower than the temperature of the third cooling medium, and the temperature of the first cold storage medium is higher than the temperature of the first cooling medium. Specifically, the cold energy released by the liquid hydrogen in stages gradually decreases. The first stage of cold energy from the liquid hydrogen is released to the first cooling medium, resulting in the first cooling medium receiving the most cold energy and having the lowest temperature. The second stage of cold energy from the liquid hydrogen is released to the second cooling medium, resulting in the second cooling medium receiving less cold energy. The first cooling medium is used to make the temperature of the second cooling medium higher than that of the first cooling medium. The third-stage cooling capacity of liquid hydrogen is released to the third cooling medium, so the third cooling medium receives the least amount of cooling capacity and thus has the highest temperature. In addition, the first cooling medium and the first cold storage medium exchange heat, so the temperature of the first cold storage medium is close to that of the first cooling medium. However, due to energy loss during the heat exchange process, the temperature of the first cold storage medium is slightly higher than that of the first cooling medium. Furthermore, the temperature of the second cold storage medium is slightly higher than that of the second cooling medium, and the temperature of the third cold storage medium is slightly higher than that of the third cooling medium.

[0055] The first cooling medium is Freon 22, Freon 12, helium, neon or R410a; in other embodiments, the first cooling medium may also be other working mediums that can realize the technical solution of the present invention.

[0056] The first cold storage medium is R1234yf, R32 or R410a; in other embodiments, the first cold storage medium may also be other working media capable of realizing the technical solution of the present invention.

[0057] The second cooling medium is R32, R227ea, or propanol; in other embodiments, the second cooling medium may also be other working media capable of realizing the technical solution of the present invention.

[0058] The second cold storage medium is ethanol, R152a, or R407c; in other embodiments, the second cold storage medium may also be other working media capable of realizing the technical solution of the present invention.

[0059] The third cooling medium is R143a, R407c or R123; in other embodiments, the third cooling medium may also be other working media capable of realizing the technical solution of the present invention.

[0060] The third cold storage medium is R125, R245a, or R134a. In other embodiments, the third cold storage medium can also be other working media capable of realizing the technical solution of the present invention.

[0061] In this embodiment, the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300 is high-pressure hydrogen, allowing it to be directly transferred to the seventh heat exchanger 1220 without requiring additional driving force. Furthermore, when hydrogen is injected into the hydrogen refueling station 2's refueling nozzle, it generates heat. During rapid refueling, the temperature of the refueling nozzle rises rapidly, posing a safety hazard to the carbon fiber hydrogen storage cylinder of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Therefore, before high-pressure hydrogen refueling, the hydrogen in this application absorbs the cooling energy of the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank 1200 within the seventh heat exchanger 1220, preventing the hydrogen in the cylinder from overheating during refueling. This eliminates the need for a separate pre-cooling circulation device for the refueling nozzle, reducing its operating costs.

[0062] After cryogenic liquid hydrogen is stored in the inner container 110 of this application, the liquid hydrogen in the inner container 110 continuously flows into the first heat exchanger 210, the third heat exchanger 710 and the fifth heat exchanger 1110. As the liquid hydrogen releases cold energy in the first heat exchanger 210, the third heat exchanger 710 and the fifth heat exchanger 1110 in sequence, the liquid hydrogen gradually turns into gaseous hydrogen, and the hydrogen pressure gradually increases. Thus, this application generates liquid hydrogen cascade cold energy through the first heat exchanger 210, the third heat exchanger 710 and the fifth heat exchanger 1110, gradually utilizing the three-stage cold energy of liquid hydrogen with high utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the hydrogen obtained after the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle 1 through the hydrogen refueling gun of the hydrogen refueling station 2.

[0063] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 and Figure 4The third cold storage tank 1100 has an outlet and an inlet. The outlet of the third cold storage tank 1100 is connected to one end of the sixth heat exchanger 1210 via the tenth pipe, and the inlet of the third cold storage tank 1100 is connected to the other end of the sixth heat exchanger 1210 via the eleventh pipe. The high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300 has an outlet and an inlet. The fifth heat exchanger 1110 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300 via the twelfth pipe, and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300 is connected to one end of the seventh heat exchanger 1220 via the thirteenth pipe. The other end of the seventh heat exchanger 1220 is used to connect to the hydrogen refueling gun via the fourteenth pipe, and the other end of the hydrogen refueling gun is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

[0064] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a fifth circulation pump 1400. The fifth circulation pump 1400 is installed on the pipeline connecting the third cold storage tank 1100 and the sixth heat exchanger 1210. The fifth circulation pump 1400 drives the third cold working fluid within the third cold storage tank 1100 to circulate between the third cold storage tank 1100 and the sixth heat exchanger 1210. In this embodiment, the fifth circulation pump 1400 is installed on the tenth pipeline. Specifically, the tenth pipeline includes pipeline f and pipeline h. One end of pipeline f is connected to the outlet of the third cold storage tank 1100, and the other end of pipeline f is connected to the fifth circulation pump 1400. One end of pipeline h is connected to the end of the fifth circulation pump 1400 away from pipeline f, and the other end of pipeline h is connected to the sixth heat exchanger 1210. The eleventh pipeline is pipeline d; the twelfth pipeline is pipeline e; the thirteenth pipeline is pipeline c; and the fourteenth pipeline is pipeline b.

[0065] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The tenth pipeline is equipped with a thirteenth valve 1410 that controls the on / off state of the sixth pipeline; the eleventh pipeline is equipped with a fourteenth valve 1420 that controls the on / off state of the eleventh pipeline; the thirteenth pipeline is equipped with a sixteenth valve 1310 that controls the on / off state of the thirteenth pipeline; and the fourteenth pipeline is equipped with a seventeenth valve 1320 that controls the on / off state of the fourteenth pipeline. That is, the thirteenth valve 1410 is installed on pipeline f, the fourteenth valve 1420 is installed on pipeline d, the sixteenth valve 1310 is installed on pipeline c, and the seventeenth valve 1320 is installed on pipeline b.

[0066] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The inner container 110 is divided into a gas pillow area and a liquid hydrogen area. The liquid hydrogen area is used to contain liquid hydrogen. The hydrogen gas obtained after the liquid hydrogen is vaporized inside is released into the gas pillow area. The first heat exchanger 210 is connected to the liquid hydrogen area. The liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen area can flow into the first heat exchanger 210 and exchange heat with the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank 200.

[0067] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy includes a vent pipe 1500. One end of the vent pipe 1500 is connected to the gas pillow area, and the other end is connected to the outside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 100. A vent valve 1510 is installed on the vent pipe 1500 to control the opening and closing of the vent pipe 1500. Specifically, as the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen area continuously vaporizes, the pressure inside the inner container 110 will continuously increase. When the pressure inside the inner container 110 exceeds a preset pressure, the vent pipe 1500 is opened by the vent valve 1510 to discharge hydrogen from the gas pillow area, thereby reducing the pressure inside the inner container 110. In this embodiment, the vent pipe 1500 is a pipe z.

[0068] The insulation layer is formed by stacking multiple layers of insulation material in a vacuum environment or by using hollow glass microspheres. Specifically, the vacuum interlayer combined with the multiple layers of insulation material has good insulation performance, which can improve the insulation performance of this application and thus reduce the evaporation of liquid hydrogen.

[0069] This application, by setting up a first cold storage tank 200, a first heat exchanger 210, a first cold storage tank 300, and a second heat exchanger 310, stores the primary cold energy of cryogenic liquid hydrogen into a first cold storage medium within the first cold storage tank 300. This ensures that the first cold storage medium within the first cold storage tank 300 is consistently and stably cooled to a lower temperature, thereby maintaining the first cold storage medium flowing into the first cold shield 142 at a lower temperature within different temperature zones. Consequently, the temperature within the first cold shield 142 is maintained at a substantially constant low temperature, thus enabling the first heat exchange... Liquid hydrogen in device 210 continuously flows into the third heat exchanger 710 and exchanges heat with the second cooling working fluid in the second cooling storage tank 700, thereby releasing cold energy to the second cooling working fluid in the second cooling storage tank 700. Then, the second cooling working fluid in the second cooling storage tank 700 circulates and exchanges heat between the second cooling storage tank 700 and the fourth heat exchanger 810. The second cooling working fluid in the fourth heat exchanger 810 exchanges heat with the second cold storage working fluid in the second cold storage tank 800, so as to release cold energy to the second cold storage tank 800. The second cold storage medium in the 00 container releases secondary cold energy. Then, the second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank 800 circulates between the second cold storage tank 800 and the second cold shield 144. The second cold storage medium in the second cold shield 144 acts as the first thermal protection barrier for liquid hydrogen. After absorbing heat transferred from the outside through the outer container 120, the third insulation layer 145, and the vacuum interlayer 130, the second cold storage medium in the second cold shield 144 flows back to the second cold storage tank 810 through pipes for cooling. This application achieves this by setting a second cold storage... The tank 700, the second heat exchanger 710, the second cold storage tank 800, and the fourth heat exchanger 810 store the secondary cold energy of cryogenic liquid hydrogen in the second cold storage medium within the second cold storage tank 800. This ensures that the second cold storage medium within the second cold storage tank 800 is consistently cooled to a lower temperature. Consequently, the second cold storage medium flowing into the second cold shield 144 absorbs heat leaking from the outside, thus maintaining the temperature within the second cold shield 144 at a lower temperature in different temperature zones. This provides two layers of cold shields for the liquid hydrogen storage tank to reduce radiative heat leakage. Furthermore, the low-temperature hydrogen gas in the third heat exchanger 710 continuously flows into the fifth heat exchanger 1110, and exchanges heat with the third cooling working fluid in the third cooling storage tank 1100 in the fifth heat exchanger 1110, thereby releasing tertiary cold energy to the third cooling working fluid in the third cooling storage tank 1100. Then, the third cooling working fluid in the third cooling storage tank 1100 circulates between the third cooling storage tank 1100 and the sixth heat exchanger 1210, and flows to the sixth heat exchanger 1210 where the third cooling working fluid exchanges heat with the third cold storage working fluid in the third cold storage tank 1200, so as to release tertiary cold energy to the third cold storage working fluid in the third cold storage tank 1200. After that, the seventh heat exchanger 1220 absorbs the tertiary cold energy of the third cold storage working fluid. The seventh heat exchanger 1220 is used to circulate the high-pressure and high-temperature hydrogen gas in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle 1300. The other end of the seventh heat exchanger 1220 is connected to one end of the hydrogen refueling gun 2.The pre-cooled hydrogen flows through the other end of the hydrogen refueling nozzle and connects to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. This cools the high-temperature hydrogen after depressurization during refueling, eliminating the need for a separate hydrogen pre-cooling circulation device and reducing the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling nozzle.

[0070] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy, characterized in that, include: A liquid hydrogen storage tank includes an inner container, an outer container, and multiple insulation layers. The inner container is used to contain liquid hydrogen. The outer container is fitted over the inner container. A vacuum interlayer is formed between the inner container and the outer container. The multiple insulation layers are disposed within the vacuum interlayer. The multiple insulation layers include a first insulation layer, a first cold shield, and a second insulation layer sequentially fitted over the inner container. A first cooling storage tank is used to contain a first cooling working fluid. A first heat exchanger is provided in the first cooling storage tank. The first heat exchanger is immersed in the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank. The first heat exchanger is connected to the inner container. Liquid hydrogen in the inner container can flow into the first heat exchanger and exchange heat with the first cooling working fluid in the first cooling storage tank. A first cold storage tank is used to contain a first cold storage medium. A second heat exchanger is installed inside the first cold storage tank. The second heat exchanger is immersed in the first cold storage medium inside the first cold storage tank. A first cold extraction tank is connected to both ends of the second heat exchanger through two spaced-apart pipes. The first cold extraction medium in the first cold extraction tank can circulate between the first cold extraction tank and the second heat exchanger and exchange heat with the first cold storage medium in the first cold storage tank. The first cold storage tank is connected to both ends of the first cold shield through two spaced-apart pipes. The first cold storage medium in the first cold storage tank circulates between the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield.

2. The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulated system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy further includes a first circulation pump, a second circulation pump, and a piston pump. The first circulation pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield, and is used to drive the first cold storage working fluid in the first cold storage tank to circulate between the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield. The second circulation pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the first cold extraction tank and the second heat exchanger, and is used to drive the first cold extraction working fluid in the first cold extraction tank to circulate between the first cold extraction tank and the second heat exchanger. The piston pump is installed between the inner container and the first heat exchanger, and is used to pressurize the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container and input the pressurized liquid hydrogen into the first heat exchanger.

3. The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, Valves are installed on the two pipes connecting the first cold storage tank and the second heat exchanger to control the on / off state of the pipes; valves are also installed on the two pipes connecting the first cold storage tank and the first cold shield to control the on / off state of the pipes.

4. The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-layer insulation layer further includes a second cold shield and a third insulation layer sequentially sleeved outside the second insulation layer. The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a second cold extraction storage tank and a second cold storage tank. The second cold extraction storage tank is used to contain a second cold extraction working fluid. A third heat exchanger is provided inside the second cold extraction storage tank. The third heat exchanger is immersed in the second cold extraction working fluid inside the second cold extraction storage tank. The third heat exchanger is connected to the end of the first heat exchanger away from the inner container. Liquid hydrogen in the inner container can flow into the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger sequentially, and exchange heat with the first cold extraction working fluid in the first cold extraction storage tank and the second cold extraction working fluid in the second cold extraction storage tank sequentially. The second cold storage tank is used to contain the second cold storage medium. A fourth heat exchanger is installed inside the second cold storage tank. The fourth heat exchanger is immersed in the second cold storage medium inside the second cold storage tank. The second cold extraction tank is connected to both ends of the fourth heat exchanger through two spaced-apart pipes. The second cold extraction medium in the second cold extraction tank can circulate between the second cold extraction tank and the fourth heat exchanger and exchange heat with the second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank. The second cold storage tank is connected to both ends of the second cold shield through two spaced-apart pipes. The second cold storage medium in the second cold storage tank circulates between the second cold storage tank and the second cold shield.

5. The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy further includes a third circulation pump and a fourth circulation pump. The third circulation pump is installed on the inlet pipe connecting the second cold storage tank and the second cold shield, and is used to drive the second cold storage working fluid in the second cold storage tank to circulate between the second cold storage tank and the second cold shield. The fourth circulation pump is installed on the pipe connecting the second cold extraction tank and the fourth heat exchanger, and is used to drive the second cold extraction working fluid in the second cold extraction tank to circulate between the second cold extraction tank and the fourth heat exchanger.

6. The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 5, characterized in that, The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy further includes a third cold extraction tank, a third cold storage tank, and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle. The third cold extraction tank is used to contain a third cold extraction working fluid. A fifth heat exchanger is installed inside the third cold extraction tank. The fifth heat exchanger is immersed in the third cold extraction working fluid inside the third cold extraction tank. One end of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to the end of the third heat exchanger away from the first heat exchanger, and one end of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to one end of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle. The liquid hydrogen in the inner container can flow into the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, and the fifth heat exchanger in sequence, and exchange heat with the first cold extraction working fluid in the first cold extraction tank, the second cold extraction working fluid in the second cold extraction tank, and the third cold extraction working fluid in the third cold extraction tank in sequence. The liquid hydrogen releases heat and vaporizes into high-pressure hydrogen gas in the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, and the fifth heat exchanger and is transported to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle. The third cold storage tank is used to contain the third cold storage medium. A sixth heat exchanger is installed in the third cold storage tank. The sixth heat exchanger is immersed in the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank. The third cold extraction tank is connected to both ends of the sixth heat exchanger through two spaced pipes. The third cold extraction medium in the third cold extraction tank can circulate between the third cold extraction tank and the sixth heat exchanger and exchange heat with the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank. A seventh heat exchanger is installed inside the third cold storage tank. The seventh heat exchanger is immersed in the third cold storage medium inside the third cold storage tank. One end of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle, and the other end of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the hydrogen refueling gun. The hydrogen gas in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tube bundle is output to the seventh heat exchanger and absorbs the cold energy of the third cold storage medium in the third cold storage tank before being delivered to the hydrogen refueling gun.

7. The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy also includes a fifth circulation pump, which is installed on the pipeline connecting the third cold storage tank and the sixth heat exchanger. The fifth circulation pump is used to drive the third cold working fluid in the third cold storage tank to circulate between the third cold storage tank and the sixth heat exchanger.

8. The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature of the first cooling medium is lower than the temperature of the second cooling medium, the temperature of the second cooling medium is lower than the temperature of the third cooling medium, the temperature of the first cold storage medium is higher than the temperature of the first cooling medium, the temperature of the first cold storage medium is lower than the temperature of the second cold storage medium, and the temperature of the second cold storage medium is lower than the temperature of the third cold storage medium.

9. The adiabatic system for cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner container is divided into a gas pillow area and a liquid hydrogen area. The insulation system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy includes a venting pipeline. One end of the venting pipeline is connected to the gas pillow area, and the other end of the venting pipeline is connected to the outside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. A venting valve is installed on the venting pipeline to control the opening and closing of the venting pipeline.

10. The adiabatic system for the cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation layer is formed by stacking multiple layers of insulation material in a vacuum environment or by hollow glass microspheres.

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