Flume test device for simulating vertical distribution of sediment in water flow and method of using same

Abstract

The application discloses a water tank test device for simulating vertical distribution of water flow and sediment and a use method thereof, which comprises a water tank, a primary turbulent flow pipe, a secondary turbulent flow pipe, a water pump, a water supply flow valve, a stirring barrel, an electric motor, a booster pump, a slurry flow valve and a sand outlet. The water supply system outside the water tank is connected with the water pump and the water supply flow valve to supply water to the water tank. The primary turbulent flow pipe and the secondary turbulent flow pipe inside the water tank form a turbulent flow system. A steel plate is fixedly connected with a steel frame outside the water tank and located above the primary turbulent flow pipe. The booster pump is fixed on the steel plate and connected with the stirring barrel through a conduit. The electric motor controls stirring of the stirring barrel. A valve is installed on the conduit between the slurry flow valve and the stirring barrel. The slurry flow valve is connected with the sand outlet through a conduit to form a sediment control system. The three systems and the water tank are combined to form a test device capable of controlling vertical distribution of water and sediment. The application can make simulation test conditions more consistent with real conditions, thereby enhancing accuracy of test results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of model test design technology, and in particular to a flume test apparatus for simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in water flow and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, research on river sedimentation is still in its early stages, and many complex issues remain unresolved. Accurate predictions through theoretical analysis and numerical model experiments are difficult, thus requiring extensive testing to study the patterns of river sedimentation. However, due to the complexity of field experiments and the difficulty in controlling experimental conditions, model experiments are necessary to address these challenges and improve the level of research on sedimentation mechanisms and prevention.

[0003] In the field of river sedimentation research, flume experiments are a common research method. Using specialized flume equipment and devices, the changes in sediment during formation, transport, and deposition, as well as the spatial accumulation patterns of sediment deposits, are studied, providing a theoretical basis for related research on river siltation prevention and reduction. Generally, the main water and soil parameters in rivers include flow velocity, depth, flow rate, sediment particle size, sediment content, and the vertical distribution of sediment with different particle sizes. While parameters such as flow velocity, depth, flow rate, sediment particle size, and sediment content can be easily controlled, the vertical distribution of sediment with different particle sizes is difficult to control. Therefore, most current studies do not discuss this parameter, resulting in certain errors in the simulated river parameters and leading to inaccuracies in the sedimentation patterns of experimental models. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new device for controlling the vertical distribution of sediment particle size in flume experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a flume test device and its method for simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in water flow, aiming to solve the technical problem of simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in flume tests and improve the accuracy of model flume test results.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A flume test apparatus for simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in water flow includes a flume 1, a primary turbulence pipe 2, a secondary turbulence pipe 3, a water pump 4, a steel plate 5, a guide pipe 6, a mixing tank 7, an electric motor 8, a booster pump 9, valves 10, a mud flow valve 11, a water supply flow valve 12, a bottom inlet 13, and an outlet valve 14; the bottom inlet (13) and outlet valve (14) are located at both ends of the flume (1) along its longitudinal direction; characterized in that...

[0007] The water tank 1 includes a rectangular pool and an outer steel frame; the water pump 4 is a water supply device for the water tank 1, which is connected to the bottom inlet 13 at one end of the water tank 1 through a water supply flow valve 12 that records the water supply volume, and the water pump 4 is fixedly connected to the outside of the water tank 1 through the outer steel frame.

[0008] The primary turbulence pipe 2 and the secondary turbulence pipe 3 are located inside the water tank 1 and each fills one cross section of the water tank; the primary turbulence pipe 2 is 50-100cm away from the outlet of the water pump 4, and the secondary turbulence pipe 3 is 30-50cm away from the primary turbulence pipe 2; the steel plate 5 is erected on top of the primary turbulence pipe 2 and the secondary turbulence pipe 3, and its side is fixedly connected to the outer steel frame of the water tank; the booster pump 9 is fixed on the steel plate 5 above the secondary turbulence pipe 3, and is connected to the primary turbulence pipe 2 via the conduit 6. The mixing tank 7 is connected to the steel plate 5 at the top position and is used for pressurizing the inside of the mixing tank; the electric motor 8 is located above the mixing tank 7 and connected to the agitator located inside the mixing tank, and is used to control the mixing speed; one end of the mixing tank 7 is connected to the mud output pipe, and the mud output pipe is connected in sequence to the mud flow valve 11 and the valve 10, which are used to control the sand output rate; the other end of the mud output pipe is connected to the sand outlet of the first-stage turbulence pipe 2; the water outlet valve 14 is located at the end of the water tank and is used to control the water tank depth and flow rate.

[0009] The device, wherein the primary turbulence pipe 2 is composed of multiple cylinders 21 with a diameter of 10-16cm, whose central channels are arranged horizontally along the longitudinal direction of the water tank, and arranged in a manner in which the center lines of each cylinder are parallel to each other, the circumferential surfaces are connected to each other, and the horizontal and vertical directions are aligned. The cylinders are arranged in 5-10 layers from top to bottom, filling one cross section of the water tank. The length of each cylinder is 20-30cm, which can be adjusted appropriately according to different widths and depths of the water tank.

[0010] The device, wherein the secondary turbulence pipe 3 is composed of multiple cylinders 31 with a diameter of 5-8 cm, whose central channels are arranged horizontally along the longitudinal direction of the water tank. The cylinders are arranged so that their centerlines are parallel to each other, their circumferential surfaces are connected to each other, and they are aligned horizontally and vertically. The cylinders are arranged in multiple layers from top to bottom until they fill a cross section of the water tank. Each cylinder is 10-20 cm long. The cylinders are smaller than the diameter of the first cylinder. The flow is diverted through the cylinder wall to make the mud and sand particles more evenly distributed in the water.

[0011] The device described herein includes multiple mixing tanks 7, which share a single booster pump. One end of the conduit 6 is connected to the booster pump 9, and the other end is connected in parallel to each mixing tank 7. Each mixing tank is controlled by an electric motor 8. The output mud conduit 700 of each mixing tank 7, together with the mud flow valve 11 and valve 10 connected thereto, constitute a set of controllable sand discharge modules controlled by valves.

[0012] In the first-stage turbulent flow pipe, each of the cylindrical sections 21 in the same horizontal layer is provided with sand outlet branch pipes 702 of equal height. Each sand outlet branch pipe has a sand outlet 703 at its bottom, and the sand outlets of the sand outlet branch pipes in the same layer are at the same height. Each sand outlet branch pipe in the same layer is connected in parallel to the same horizontally arranged sand outlet main pipe 701, and is connected to the output mud conduit 700 of a set of controllable sand outlet modules through the sand outlet main pipe, thereby realizing the control of the amount of mud and sand contained in the water flow at different depths. Each set of controllable sand outlet modules is only connected to the sand outlet main pipe of one layer of the pipe in the first-stage turbulent flow pipe. The same mud flow valve outputs mud to each sand outlet in the same layer. The number of controllable sand outlet modules corresponds to the number of pipe layers above and below the first-stage turbulent flow pipe.

[0013] The method of using a flume test device for simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in water flow includes: setting simulated sediment test parameters in the flume; preparing slurry in a mixing tank, configuring corresponding graded soil samples for different sediment test parameters at different depths of the flume, and pouring them into the mixing tank at the sand outlet corresponding to the depth of the flume; mixing the prepared graded sediment and water in the mixing tank to form slurry, continuously stirring the mixing tank during the test to maintain uniform sediment distribution in the slurry and prevent lumps or sand blockage; one mixing tank is connected to multiple sand outlets in the same layer of the primary turbulence pipe through its controllable sand outlet module, and the flow valves through which the slurry output from each sand outlet in the same layer passes are the same to ensure the same sand discharge rate at the same depth.

[0014] In the method described, the mass of soil particles in the mud preparation is m1, the amount of water added to the mud preparation is m2, and the mud-sand concentration of the mud prepared in the mixing tank is S0, which is 0.5, i.e., m1 / m2 = 0.5.

[0015] The method wherein the mixing tank is connected to a booster pump via the conduit, and the booster pump can maintain the pressure in the mixing tank to maintain a stable sand discharge rate at the sand outlet;

[0016] The sediment concentration S in each layer of the simulated water flow in the water tank is calculated according to Formula 1:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, Q1 is the pumping flow rate of the water pump recorded by the water supply flow valve, Q2 is the configured mud flow rate recorded by the mud flow valve, H is the simulated depth of the simulated water tank test, S0 is the configured mud and sand concentration in the mixing tank, and D is the diameter of the first-stage turbulence pipe.

[0019] When budgeting the Q2 value: based on the sediment concentration S of each layer of the simulated sediment test parameters in the water tank, and the simulated depth H of the simulated water tank test, where H is the total water depth, the Q2 value of the required mud flow valve for each layer is calculated using the formula 1; and the Q2 value is achieved by controlling the mud flow valve (11).

[0020] This invention includes a water pump as a water supply device, fixed to the outside of a water tank and connected to a water supply flow valve to form a water supply system. A primary turbulence pipe and a secondary turbulence pipe are located inside the water tank and fixedly connected to it via a steel frame, forming a turbulence system. A steel plate is located above the primary turbulence pipe and fixedly connected to the steel frame outside the water tank. A booster pump is fixed to the steel plate and connected to a mixing tank via a conduit. An electric motor is located above the mixing tank. A valve is installed on the conduit between the mud flow valve and the mixing tank. The mud flow valve is connected to the sand outlet via a conduit, forming a mud and sand control system. These three systems, combined with the water tank, form a test device for controllable vertical distribution of mud and sand.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] This invention can control the particle size distribution at different depths in the experimental flume by adjusting the particle size distribution of the sediment in the mixing tank, thus achieving a different particle size distribution at different depths in the actual river channel. Through parameter conversion, it can artificially control the sediment concentration at different depths in the simulated flume experiment, making the simulated experimental conditions more consistent with the real situation, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the experimental results. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of the primary turbulence pipe in the water tank of this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of the secondary turbulence pipes in the water tank of this invention.

[0026] Explanation of the attached diagram numbers: 1—Water tank; 2—Primary turbulence pipe; Cylinder 1—21; 3—Secondary turbulence pipe; Cylinder 2—31; 4—Water pump; 5—Steel plate; 6—Conduit pipe; 7—Mixing tank; 700—Output mud conduit pipe; Sand outlet main pipe—701; Sand outlet branch pipe—702; Sand outlet—703; 8—Electric motor; 9—Booster pump; 10—Valve; 11—Flow valve; Water supply flow valve—12; Bottom inlet—13; Outlet valve—14. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical features and concepts of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent transformations or modifications made based on the essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See Figure 1 As shown, a water tank test device for simulating the vertical distribution of water flow and sediment according to the present invention includes a water tank 1, a primary turbulence pipe 2, a secondary turbulence pipe 3, a water pump 4, a steel plate 5, a guide tube 6, a mixing tank 7, an electric motor 8, a booster pump 9, a valve 10, a mud flow valve 11, a water supply flow valve 12, a bottom inlet 13, and an outlet valve 14.

[0029] The water tank 1 includes a rectangular pool and an outer steel frame; the pool and outer steel frame are traditional structures and will not be described in detail; the bottom inlet (13) and outlet valve (14) are located at both ends of the water tank (1) along the longitudinal direction; the water pump 4 is the water supply device for the water tank 1, which is connected to the bottom inlet 13 at one end of the water tank 1 through a water supply flow valve 12 that records the water supply volume, and the water pump 4 is fixedly connected to the outside of the water tank 1 through the outer steel frame; the outlet valve 14 is located at the end of the water tank and is used to control the drainage of the water tank, and the outlet is located at the bottom of the end of the water tank 1, and the outlet valve 14 is installed at the outlet.

[0030] The primary turbulence pipe 2 and the secondary turbulence pipe 3 are located inside the water tank 1 and each fills one cross section of the tank. The primary turbulence pipe 2 is 50-100cm away from the outlet of the water pump 4, and the secondary turbulence pipe 3 is 30-50cm away from the primary turbulence pipe 2, ensuring that the sediment flowing out of the primary turbulence pipe is evenly mixed. The steel plate 5 is erected on top of the primary turbulence pipe 2 and the secondary turbulence pipe 3, and its side is fixedly connected to the outer steel frame of the water tank. The booster pump 9 is fixed on the steel plate 5 above the secondary turbulence pipe 3 and is connected to the pump via... The conduit 6 is connected to the mixing tank 7, which is fixed on the steel plate 5 above the primary turbulence pipe 2, for pressurizing the inside of the mixing tank; the electric motor 8 is located above the mixing tank 7 and connected to the agitator located inside the mixing tank for controlling the mixing rate, and the agitator adopts a conventional structure; one end of the mixing tank 7 is connected to the mud output conduit 700, and the mud output conduit 700 is connected in sequence to the mud flow valve 11 and the valve 10 for controlling the sand discharge rate; the other end of the mud output conduit is connected to the sand outlet of the primary turbulence pipe 2.

[0031] See Figure 2As shown, in the device described, the primary turbulence pipe 2 consists of multiple cylinders 21 with a diameter of 10-16 cm, whose central channels are arranged horizontally along the longitudinal direction of the water tank. The cylinders are arranged with their centerlines parallel to each other, their circumferential surfaces connected, and their horizontal and vertical centerlines aligned. The cylinders are arranged in 5-10 layers from top to bottom, filling one cross-section of the water tank. Each cylinder is 20-30 cm long and can be adjusted according to the width and depth of the water tank. Each cylinder 21 is a cylindrical body with a central channel penetrating both ends. When neatly arranged, the central channels form multiple pipes of the primary turbulence pipe, which form a wall-like structure. Water in the water tank flows out through these multiple layers of primary turbulence pipes, achieving turbulence. The cylinders are fixed together parallel to the water tank direction using hot melt adhesive.

[0032] See Figure 3 As shown, in the device described, the secondary turbulence pipe 3 consists of multiple cylinders 31 with a diameter of 5-8 cm, whose central channels are arranged horizontally along the longitudinal direction of the water tank. These cylinders are arranged with their centerlines parallel to each other, their circumferential surfaces connected, and their horizontal and vertical centerlines aligned. The cylinders are arranged in multiple layers from top to bottom until they fill a cross-section of the water tank. Each cylinder is 10-20 cm long and uses a smaller diameter than the first cylinder. The cylinder walls divert water, making the distribution of sediment particles in the water more uniform. Each cylinder has a central channel penetrating both ends. When neatly arranged, these central channels form multiple pipes in the secondary turbulence pipe, forming a wall-like structure. Water from the water tank flows out through these multiple pipes, achieving turbulence. The cylinders are fixed together parallel to the water tank using hot melt adhesive. The use of cylinders with a smaller diameter than the first cylinder further turbulentizes the water flowing in the primary turbulence pipe.

[0033] See Figure 2 As shown, in the device described, multiple mixing tanks 7 are provided, and the multiple mixing tanks share a single booster pump. That is, one end of the conduit 6 is connected to the booster pump 9, and the other end is connected in parallel to each of the mixing tanks 7. Each mixing tank is controlled by an electric motor 8. The output mud conduit 700 of each mixing tank 7, together with the mud flow valve 11 and valve 10 connected thereto, constitutes a set of controllable sand discharge modules controlled by valves. Each mixing tank 7 is provided with a set of controllable sand discharge modules controlled by valves.

[0034] See Figure 2As shown, in the horizontal direction, each of the cylindrical tubes 21 in the same layer of the first-stage turbulent flow pipe is provided with vertical sand outlet branch pipes 702 of equal height. Each sand outlet branch pipe has a sand outlet 703 at its bottom, and the sand outlets of the sand outlet branch pipes in the same layer are at the same height. Each sand outlet branch pipe in the same layer of the cylindrical tube is connected in parallel to the same horizontally arranged sand outlet main pipe 701, and is connected to the output mud conduit 700 of a set of controllable sand outlet modules through the sand outlet main pipe, thereby realizing the control of the amount of mud and sand contained in the water flow at different depths. Each set of controllable sand outlet modules is only connected to the sand outlet main pipe of one layer of the pipe in the first-stage turbulent flow pipe. The same mud flow valve outputs mud from each sand outlet in the same layer. The number of controllable sand outlet modules corresponds to the number of pipe layers above and below the first-stage turbulent flow pipe.

[0035] The present invention discloses a method for using a flume test device for simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in water flow, comprising: setting simulated sediment test parameters in the flume; then preparing slurry in a mixing tank, configuring corresponding graded soil samples for different depth layers of the flume according to the sediment test parameters, and pouring them into the mixing tank at the sand outlet corresponding to the depth layer of the flume; the mixing tank uses the prepared graded sediment and water to mix and stir to form slurry, and the mixing tank is continuously stirred during the test to maintain a uniform distribution of sediment in the slurry and prevent lumps or sand blockage; one mixing tank is connected to multiple sand outlets in the same layer of the primary turbulence pipe through its controllable sand outlet module, and the flow valves through which the slurry output from each sand outlet in the same layer passes are the same to ensure that the sand outlet rate is the same at the same depth.

[0036] In the method described, the mass of soil particles in the mud preparation is m1, the amount of water added to the mud preparation is m2, and the mud-sand concentration of the mud prepared in the mixing tank is S0, which is 0.5, i.e., m1 / m2 = 0.5.

[0037] The method wherein the mixing tank is connected to a booster pump via the conduit, and the booster pump can maintain the pressure in the mixing tank to maintain a stable sand discharge rate at the sand outlet;

[0038] The sediment concentration S in each layer of the simulated water flow in the water tank is calculated according to Formula 1:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, Q1 is the pumping flow rate of the water pump recorded by the water supply flow valve, Q2 is the configured mud flow rate recorded by the mud flow valve, H is the simulated depth of the simulated water tank test, S0 is the configured mud and sand concentration in the mixing tank, and D is the diameter of the first-stage turbulence pipe.

[0041] When budgeting the Q2 value: based on the sediment concentration S of each layer of the simulated sediment test parameters in the water tank, and the simulated depth H of the simulated water tank test, where H is the total water depth, the Q2 value of the required mud flow valve for each layer is calculated using the formula 1; and the Q2 value is achieved by controlling the mud flow valve (11).

[0042] The working process of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the figures:

[0043] A method for using a flume test apparatus for simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in water flow includes the following steps:

[0044] When conducting the water tank test, first turn on the water pump 4 to make the water depth in the tank reach the total test water depth H, which is the simulated water tank test depth. Control the water supply flow valve 12 to reach the required test flow rate Q1. Open the outlet valve 14 to control the water depth in the tank to maintain the total test water depth H.

[0045] Next, mud preparation was carried out. According to the experimental simulation parameters, corresponding graded soil samples were prepared for different depth ranges. The mass of soil particles m1 and the mass of pure water m2 were weighed, where m2 = 2m1. After mixing and stirring evenly, the samples were poured into the mixing bucket 7 of the corresponding depth sand outlet 12 and the bucket lid was closed.

[0046] Based on the required sediment concentration S for each layer in the experiment, the value of the required mud flow valve Q2 for each layer is calculated using Formula 1.

[0047]

[0048] Next, check if valve 10 is closed. After valve 10 is closed, turn on the booster pump 9. Once the pressure in the mixing tank 7 stabilizes, slowly adjust valve 10 until the mud flow valve 11 stabilizes at the calculated value. After the water flow stabilizes, begin recording the test results.

[0049] Application Examples:

[0050] The following are application examples of the flume test apparatus for simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in water flow according to the present invention.

[0051] The following parameters need to be simulated for the flume test: The total water depth H in the flume is 1m. Within the test depth range of 0-0.2m, the particle size range is 0-0.075mm, the median particle size is 0.02mm, and the concentration is 200mg / L. Within the test depth range of 0.2-0.4m, the particle size range is 0-0.075mm, the median particle size is 0.04mm, and the sediment concentration is 400mg / L. Within the test depth range of 0.4-0.6m, the particle size range is 0-0.075mm, the median particle size is 0.06mm, and the sediment concentration is 600mg / L. Within the test depth range of 0.6-0.8m, the particle size range is 0-0.025mm, the median particle size is 0.10mm, and the sediment concentration is 800mg / L. Within the experimental depth range of 0.8-1.0m, the particle size ranged from 0 to 0.025mm, with a median particle size of 0.15mm, and the sediment concentration was 1000mg / L. The sediment concentration of each layer was individually controlled by a corresponding flow valve.

[0052] The experimental apparatus of this invention simulates a water tank test. The test uses five layers of primary turbulence pipes (20cm diameter) and ten layers of secondary turbulence pipes (10cm diameter). During the water tank test, the water pump 4 is first turned on to bring the water depth in the tank to the total test depth of 1.0m. The water supply flow valve 12 is then controlled to achieve the required flow rate of 10m³ / h. 3 / h, open outlet valve 14, control the water depth in the tank to maintain the total test water depth of 1.0m.

[0053] Next, mud slurry was prepared in the mixing tank. Appropriate graded soil samples were prepared for different depths of the water tank, with particle sizes ranging from 0 to 0.075 mm (median size 0.02 mm), 0 to 0.075 mm (median size 0.04 mm), 0 to 0.075 mm (median size 0.06 mm), 0 to 0.025 mm (median size 0.10 mm), and 0 to 0.025 mm (median size 0.15 mm). 500 g of each soil sample within the corresponding particle size range was weighed, added to 1 L of water, mixed thoroughly, and then poured into the mixing tanks at the corresponding depths of the sand outlet. The tanks were then covered.

[0054] Next, check if valve 10 is closed. After valve 10 is closed, turn on the booster pump 9. Once the pressure in the mixing tank 7 stabilizes, slowly adjust valve 10 until the mud flow valve 11 stabilizes at the calculated value of mud flow valve Q2. The values ​​of mud flow valve Q2 for different depth ranges are calculated using Formula 1. For depths of 0-0.2m, the corresponding value of mud flow valve Q2 is controlled to be 8*10. -4 m 3 / h, for example: the calculation process for the range 0-0.2 is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] At a depth of 0.2-0.4m, the value of mud flow valve Q2 is controlled to be 16*10. -4 m 3 / h. At a depth of 0.4-0.6m, the value of mud flow valve Q2 corresponding to this depth is controlled to be 24*10. -4 m 3 / h. At a depth of 0.6-0.8m, the value of mud flow valve Q2 corresponding to this depth is controlled to be 32*10. -4 m 3 / h. At a depth of 0.8-1.0m, the value of mud flow valve Q2 corresponding to this depth is controlled to be 40*10. -4 m 3 / h. Open outlet valve 14 to maintain the water depth in the tank at a total test depth of 1.0m. Once the water flow stabilizes, begin recording the test results.

Claims

1. A water tank test device for simulating the vertical distribution of water flow sediment, comprising a water tank (1), a primary turbulent pipe (2), a secondary turbulent pipe (3), a water pump (4), a steel plate (5), a conduit (6), a stirring barrel (7), an electric motor (8), a booster pump (9), a valve (10), a mud flow valve (11), a water supply flow valve (12), a bottom water inlet (13), and a water outlet valve (14); the bottom water inlet (13) and the water outlet valve (14) are arranged at the two longitudinal ends of the water tank (1); characterized in that, the water tank (1) comprises a cuboid-shaped pool and an outer steel frame; the water pump (4) is a water supply device for the water tank (1), which is connected to the bottom water inlet (13) at one end of the water tank (1) through the water supply flow valve (12) that records the water supply amount, and is fixedly connected to the outside of the water tank (1) through the outer steel frame; the primary turbulent pipe (2) and the secondary turbulent pipe (3) are located in the water tank (1) and each fills one cross section of the water tank; the primary turbulent pipe (2) is 50-100 cm away from the water outlet of the water pump (4), and the secondary turbulent pipe (3) is spaced apart from the primary turbulent pipe (2) by a distance of 30-50 cm; the steel plate (5) is arranged on the top of the primary turbulent pipe (2) and the secondary turbulent pipe (3), and its side edges are fixedly connected to the outer steel frame; the booster pump (9) is fixed to the steel plate (5) above the secondary turbulent pipe (3), and is connected to the stirring barrel (7) fixed to the steel plate (5) above the primary turbulent pipe (2) through the conduit (6) for internal pressure boosting of the stirring barrel; the electric motor (8) is located above the stirring barrel (7) and is connected to the stirrer in the stirring barrel for controlling the stirring rate; one end of the stirring barrel (7) is connected to the output mud conduit, the mud flow valve (11) and the valve (10) are sequentially connected to the output mud conduit for controlling the sand discharge rate, and the other end of the output mud conduit is connected to the sand outlet of the primary turbulent pipe (2); the primary turbulent pipe (2) is composed of a plurality of cylinder ones (21) that arrange the central holes in the longitudinal horizontal direction of the water tank, and are arranged in parallel with the axis lines of the cylinder ones, the circumferential surfaces of the cylinder ones are connected to each other, and the horizontal direction and the plumb direction are aligned, and the cylinder ones are arranged in 5-10 layers from top to bottom to fill one cross section of the water tank; the secondary turbulent pipe (3) is composed of a plurality of cylinder twos (31) that arrange the central holes in the longitudinal horizontal direction of the water tank, and are arranged in parallel with the axis lines of the cylinder twos, the circumferential surfaces of the cylinder twos are connected to each other, and the horizontal direction and the plumb direction are aligned, and the cylinder twos are arranged in multiple layers from top to bottom until filling one cross section of the water tank. The stirring barrel (7) is provided with multiple stirring barrels, multiple stirring barrels share one booster pump, that is, one end of the pipeline (6) is connected with the booster pump (9), and the other end is connected with each stirring barrel (7) in parallel; each stirring barrel is controlled by an electric motor (8), and the output slurry pipeline (700) of each stirring barrel (7) and the slurry flow valve (11) and the valve (10) connected therewith constitute a controllable sand discharge module controlled by a valve; Each of the first-order turbulence pipes is provided with a sand outlet branch pipe (702) with the same height in each cylinder I (21) in the horizontal direction of the same layer, a sand outlet (703) is arranged at the bottom of each sand outlet branch pipe, and the sand outlets of the sand outlet branch pipes in the same layer are in the same height; each sand outlet branch pipe of the cylinder I in the same layer is connected with the same horizontally arranged sand outlet main pipe (701) in parallel, and the sand outlet main pipe is connected with the output slurry pipeline (700) of a group of controllable sand discharge modules, so that the control of the amount of sediment contained in water flow at different depths is realized; each group of controllable sand discharge modules is connected with the sand outlet main pipe of only one layer of pipeline in the first-order turbulence pipe, a same slurry flow valve outputs slurry from each sand outlet in the same layer, and the number of controllable sand discharge modules corresponds to the number of layers of the upper and lower pipelines in the first-order turbulence pipe.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the cylinder I (21) of the first-order turbulence pipe (2) is 10-16 cm, and the length of each cylinder I is 20-30 cm, which can be adjusted appropriately according to different widths and depths of the water tank.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The diameter of the cylinder II (31) of the second-order turbulence pipe (3) is 5-8 cm, and the length of each cylinder is 10-20 cm, a cylinder II with a smaller diameter than the cylinder I is adopted, and the sediment particles are more uniformly distributed in the water by the cylinder wall.

4. The method of using a flume apparatus for simulating the vertical distribution of sediment in a water column according to claim 1, wherein, Comprising: The water tank is provided with simulated sediment test parameters; then the mud in the stirring barrel is prepared, the graded soil sample corresponding to the sediment test parameters of different depth layers of the water tank is configured, and is poured into the stirring barrel corresponding to the sand outlet of the corresponding water tank depth layer position; the mud in the stirring barrel is mixed with the configured graded sediment and water to form mud, the stirring barrel is continuously stirred during the test, the mud in the stirring barrel is uniformly distributed, and the phenomenon of lumping or sand blocking is prevented; one stirring barrel is connected with multiple sand outlets of the same layer pipeline in the first-order turbulence pipe through the controllable sand discharge module thereof, and the slurry output from each sand outlet in the same layer passes through the same flow valve, so that the sand discharge rates at the same depth are the same.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The mass of the soil particles in the prepared mud is m1, the water added in the prepared mud is m2, and the sediment concentration of the prepared mud in the stirring barrel is S0, which is 0.5, that is, m1 / m2=0.

5.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The stirring barrel is connected with the booster pump through the pipeline, the booster pump can maintain the pressure in the stirring barrel, and the sand discharge rate of the sand outlet is stable; The water tank simulates the sediment concentration S of each layer of water flow, which satisfies formula 1: Formula 1 In the formula, Q1 is the water pump water flow recorded by the water supply flow valve, Q2 is the configured mud flow recorded by the mud flow valve, H is the simulated depth of the simulated water tank test, S0 is the configured sediment concentration in the stirring barrel, and D is the diameter of the first-order turbulence pipe. When the budget Q2 value: according to the water tank simulation of sediment concentration S, and each layer of the simulation tank test simulation depth H, H is the total water depth, using the formula 1 respectively calculates each layer needs the mud flow valve Q2 value; and through the mud flow valve (11) control to reach Q2 value.

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