Device, system, method, equipment and medium for identifying litter decomposition degree

Abstract

The present invention provides a device, system, method, apparatus, and medium for identifying the degree of litter decomposition. The device comprises a measuring cylinder for placing a litter sample, with the sample volume controlled by a compression plug. A data acquisition module measures the sample's conductivity and moisture content via electrodes on the inner wall of the measuring cylinder. A color sensor is installed within a measuring cylinder base below the measuring cylinder, located below a lens mounted on the upper surface of the measuring cylinder base. The data acquisition module can acquire the sample's grayscale value via the color sensor. The device can rapidly acquire the sample's conductivity, volumetric moisture content, and grayscale value without temporal or spatial differences, ensuring consistent measurement conditions. The acquired conductivity, volumetric moisture content, and grayscale value parameters can also be transmitted to a host computer, enabling the host computer to incorporate the parameters into corresponding support vector machine and radial basis function neural network models for identifying forest stand decomposition levels and output the current forest litter sample decomposition level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of litter research, and in particular to a device, system, method, equipment and medium for identifying the degree of litter decomposition. Background Art

[0002] The decomposition of forest litter is a crucial component of material circulation and energy flow within forest ecosystems. It plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining forest ecosystem productivity, soil organic matter formation, nutrient supply, community succession, and the self-development of the ecosystem itself. Therefore, in the context of global warming, rapidly and accurately determining the extent of litter decomposition is crucial for studying the role of litter in the carbon cycle and Earth's carbon balance.

[0003] The decomposition process of forest litter is complex, influenced by factors such as litter properties, temperature, moisture, soil microorganisms, and animals. This results in slow decomposition and multiple influencing factors. Traditional methods for measuring litter decomposition include the net bag method, microscale experiments, and on-site estimation.

[0004] Among them, the mesh bag method uses bags made of non-degradable and soft materials, fills them with a certain amount of litter, and leaves them on the soil surface or buries them in the soil at a depth of 5 to 10 cm. This method can objectively reflect the decomposition of litter in natural conditions, but this method has the disadvantage that the measurement accuracy is easily affected by the mesh size.

[0005] The microscale experimental method moves litter decomposition experiments to the laboratory for respiration measurement, measuring the extent of decomposition. This method is suitable for controlling conditions and analyzing specific variables in the decomposition process. However, this method still has limitations such as long measurement cycles and complex experimental conditions.

[0006] The current estimation method, also known as the Olson model, uses the initial mass of a litter sample and its decomposition rate to quickly estimate the current remaining mass of the litter. However, in practice, the decomposition rate is not a constant value but varies with factors such as season, temperature, and forest stand. Therefore, this method can only be used to estimate the degree of decomposition, not to accurately determine it.

[0007] In summary, to date, in the research on the decomposition degree of forest litter, there is still a lack of a device, system and method that can quickly and effectively measure the decomposition degree of litter while ensuring identification accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention provides a device, system, method, equipment and medium for identifying the degree of litter decomposition, which is used to solve the defects of existing methods for measuring the degree of litter decomposition, such as the inability to guarantee identification accuracy, long measurement cycle, and complex experimental conditions. It can quickly obtain the conductivity, moisture content and grayscale value of the sample without time and space differences, so that the host computer can bring the acquired parameters into the support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for corresponding forest stand decomposition level identification, and output the current forest litter sample decomposition level.

[0009] The present invention provides a device for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves, comprising: a parameter measuring tube and a collector;

[0010] The collector includes a collector housing 1 and a data acquisition module and a data receiving and transmitting module in the collector housing 1, wherein the data receiving and transmitting module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module;

[0011] The parameter measuring cylinder includes: a measuring cylinder body 3, an electrode 5, a measuring cylinder base 2 and a compression plug 4; the measuring cylinder base 2 is fixed above the collector housing 1; the measuring cylinder body 3 is installed above the measuring cylinder base 2; the compression plug 4 is movably installed inside the measuring cylinder body 3; at least one electrode 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the measuring cylinder body 3; the electrode 5 is electrically connected to the data acquisition module through a wire 6; a mounting hole is provided on the upper surface of the measuring cylinder base 2, and a lens 7 is installed in the mounting hole; a sensor module electrically connected to the data acquisition module is fixedly installed inside the measuring cylinder base 2, and the sensor module includes a color sensor 9, which is located below the lens 7, and the probe of the color sensor 9 is facing the lens 7.

[0012] According to a device for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves provided by the present invention, the data acquisition circuit includes: a control circuit, a color acquisition circuit and a composite acquisition circuit for measuring conductivity and moisture content; the control circuit is electrically connected to the color acquisition circuit and the composite acquisition circuit; the color acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the color sensor 9; and the composite acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the electrode 5.

[0013] According to a device for identifying the degree of litter decomposition provided by the present invention, the shape of the mounting hole matches the lens 7, the top opening and the bottom opening of the mounting hole are both rectangular, and the bottom opening is smaller than the top opening; the lens 7 is in the shape of a quadrangular prism or a quadrangular pyramid, at least two opposing side waist surfaces are in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, and the upper surface is parallel to the lower surface; the upper surface of the lens 7 is flush with the upper surface of the measuring tube base 2 and blocks the mounting hole, and the lower surface of the lens 7 protrudes from the bottom of the mounting hole;

[0014] The sensor module further includes at least one fill light 14 , the light path direction of the fill light 14 is toward the lens 7 and perpendicular to a side waist surface of the lens 7 , and the angle between the side waist surface and the upper surface of the lens 7 is less than 90 degrees.

[0015] According to a device for identifying the degree of decomposition of litter provided by the present invention, the measuring tube base 2 includes a base shell 21 and a base side cover 22; the base shell 21 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, including three side panels perpendicular to the upper surface of the collector shell 1 and a top plate parallel to the upper surface of the collector shell 1, the top plate is fixed to the middle and upper parts of the inner walls of the three side panels, and the mounting hole is provided on the top plate; the base shell 21 includes a card plate perpendicular to the upper surface of the collector shell 1 and a card block fixed to the middle and lower part of the side wall of the card plate, the top of the card plate is higher than the upper surface of the top plate, and the card block is installed in the groove surrounded by the top plate and the side plates.

[0016] According to the device for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves provided by the present invention, the conductor 6 is a shielded signal wire.

[0017] The present invention provides a litter decomposition degree identification system, comprising a host computer and the above-mentioned litter decomposition degree identification device;

[0018] The litter decomposition degree identification device is used to measure the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity and grayscale value of the litter sample, and is also used to transmit the acquired data to the host computer;

[0019] The host computer is used to receive data transmitted by the litter decomposition degree identification device and determine whether the volume moisture content is greater than the preset parameter value. It is also used to bring the received volume moisture content, the conductivity and the grayscale value into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and output the decomposition level of the litter sample.

[0020] The present invention provides a method for identifying the degree of litter decomposition, which is applied to a host computer in the above-mentioned litter decomposition degree identification system, comprising:

[0021] receiving the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity, and grayscale value of the litter sample obtained by the litter decomposition degree identification device;

[0022] Determining whether the volumetric moisture content is greater than a preset parameter value;

[0023] When the volume moisture content is less than or equal to the preset parameter value, the received volume moisture content, the electrical conductivity and the grayscale value are brought into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and the decomposition level of the litter sample is output.

[0024] According to a method for identifying the degree of litter decomposition provided by the present invention, the litter sample is in powder form with a fineness of 2 mm; the litter sample is located in the measuring cylinder body 3 of the litter decomposition degree identification device, and the height of the litter sample is higher than the electrode 5 in the measuring cylinder body 3 by 10-20 mm.

[0025] The present invention also provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, any of the above methods for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves is implemented.

[0026] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-described methods for identifying the degree of litter decomposition.

[0027] The present invention provides a device, system, method, apparatus, and medium for identifying the degree of litter decomposition. The device comprises a measuring cylinder 3 for placing a litter sample, with the sample volume controlled by a compression plug 4. A data acquisition module measures the sample's conductivity and moisture content via electrodes 5 on the inner wall of the measuring cylinder 3. A color sensor 9 is mounted within a measuring cylinder base 2 below the measuring cylinder 3, located below a lens 7 mounted on the upper surface of the measuring cylinder base 2. The data acquisition module acquires the sample's grayscale value via the color sensor 9. The device can rapidly acquire the sample's conductivity, volumetric moisture content, and grayscale value without temporal or spatial differences, ensuring consistent measurement conditions. Furthermore, the acquired conductivity, volumetric moisture content, and grayscale value parameters can be transmitted to a host computer via a data receiving and transmission module, enabling the host computer to incorporate the acquired parameters into corresponding support vector machine and radial basis function neural network models for identifying forest stand decomposition levels and output the current forest litter sample decomposition level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is an axonometric diagram of the litter decomposition degree identification device provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an axonometric diagram of a partial cross-section of the litter decomposition degree identification device provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is one of the axonometric drawings of some components of the device for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is the second axonometric diagram of some components of the litter decomposition degree identification device provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is the third isometric diagram of some components of the litter decomposition degree identification device provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the litter decomposition degree identification system provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying the degree of litter decomposition performed by a host computer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electronic device provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a complete workflow diagram for identifying the degree of litter decomposition in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 3 is a scatter plot of the relationship between volume moisture content, logarithm of electrical conductivity, and grayscale of forest litter samples of Acer truncatum stands at four decomposition levels in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Reference numerals:

[0040] 1: Collector housing; 2: Measuring tube base; 3: Measuring tube body; 4: Compression plug; 5: Electrode; 6: Wire; 7: Lens; 8: Sensor bracket; 9: Color sensor; 10: Signal terminal; 11: Measurement function indicator light; 12: Conductivity power indicator light; 13: Interface; 14: Fill light; 15: Fill light bracket; 21: Base housing; 22: Base side cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," "outside," and the like, indicating positions or location relationships, are based on the positions or location relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended only to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

[0043] In the subsequent description, suffixes such as "module," "component," or "unit" used to represent elements are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention and have no specific meaning. Therefore, "module," "component," or "unit" can be used interchangeably.

[0044] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention describes a device for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves.

[0045] The device for identifying the degree of litter decomposition provided by the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the device) includes a parameter measuring tube and a collector.

[0046] The collector includes a collector housing 1 and a data collection module and a data receiving and transmitting module in the collector housing 1. The data receiving and transmitting module is electrically connected to the data collection module. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the collector housing 1 of the present invention can be a hollow rectangular shell. Figure 3 As shown, an interface 13 is provided on one side of the collector housing 1 for connecting the signal terminal 10 .

[0047] The data acquisition module is fixedly installed inside the collector housing 1 and is used to measure parameters of the litter sample, including the moisture content, electrical conductivity and gray value of the sample.

[0048] The data receiving and transmitting module can obtain the parameters of the fallen leaves sample collected by the data acquisition module, and transmit the obtained parameters to the host computer. It should be understood that the data receiving and transmitting module in the present invention can adopt a data receiving and transmitting module with wireless transmission capability (such as Bluetooth transmission, cellular data transmission, WiFi transmission, etc.), or a data receiving and transmitting module that transmits data via a data cable. As an optional embodiment, the host computer and the data receiving and transmitting module are connected via serial port communication, and the host computer is used for data processing, modeling and discrimination analysis. The data receiving and transmitting module in the present invention can adopt the STM32F103RBT6 single-chip microcomputer as the core to realize the reception of measurement data and use the Type-C protocol to realize the transmission of data. A data transmission port is provided on one side of the collector housing 1, so that the data receiving and transmitting module can be connected to the host computer via a data cable and transmit data.

[0049] The parameter measuring tube includes: a measuring tube body 3, an electrode 5, a measuring tube base 2 and a compression plug 4. Figure 1 As shown, the measuring tube base 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped and is fixedly installed above the collector housing 1. The measuring tube base 2 is electrically connected to the collector through a DuPont line. The measuring tube body 3 is a rectangular tube with upper and lower openings. The measuring tube body 3 is installed above the measuring tube base 2. Figure 2 As shown, at least one electrode 5 is fixed on the inner wall of the measuring cylinder body 3. Preferably, the electrode 5 is a copper sheet electrode 5. The electrode 5 is electrically connected to the data acquisition module through a wire 6, and the data transmission module can measure the conductivity and moisture content of the litter sample through the electrode 5. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, two circular grooves can be provided in the middle and lower parts of the two opposite inner walls of the measuring cylinder body 3, and the circular grooves are provided with openings that penetrate to the outer wall of the measuring cylinder body 3. Two circular copper sheet electrodes 5 are respectively fixed in the two circular grooves, and each copper sheet electrode 5 is connected to a wire 6. The two wires 6 pass through the two openings of the circular grooves respectively. The end of the wire 6 away from the copper sheet electrode 5 is connected to the signal terminal 10. The signal terminal 10 is inserted into the interface 13 on the collector housing 1, so that the data acquisition module is electrically connected to the copper sheet electrode 5. After the signal terminal 10 is pulled out, the electrical connection between the data acquisition module and the copper sheet electrode 5 can be disconnected. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conductor 6 can be a signal shielding wire. Since the conductivity and moisture content measurement principle in this embodiment is low-frequency signal frequency scanning and high-frequency signal standing wave reflection, an electric field will be generated at the copper electrode 5 and the signal shielding wire. In this embodiment, a pair of copper electrodes 5 are fixed to the inner wall of the measuring tube and connected to the data acquisition module through a signal shielding wire, which can greatly reduce the impact of electric field changes on the measurement results.

[0050] The compression plug 4 is movably mounted inside the measuring cylinder body 3 and can move up and down along the measuring cylinder to control the volume of the litter sample inside the measuring cylinder body 3 so that Houxi can measure the volumetric moisture content of the litter sample. The compression plug 4 includes a push plate, a connecting rod, and a pressure plate. Figure 2 As shown, as an optional embodiment, the push plate of the present invention is circular; the connecting rod is a cross-shaped straight rod fixed to the lower surface of the push plate; the pressure plate is rectangular, and its length and width match the length and width of the interior of the measuring cylinder body 3. The pressure plate is fixed to the bottom of the connecting rod and is parallel to the upper surface of the collector housing 1. Preferably, vertical scale marks can be provided on the connecting rod of the compression plug 4. By observing the value of the top of the measuring cylinder body 3 relative to the scale marks, the depth of the compression plug 4 can be determined, thereby controlling the volume of the litter sample within the measuring cylinder body 3.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the upper surface of the measuring tube base 2 is provided with a mounting hole, in which a lens 7 is installed. A sensor module electrically connected to the data acquisition module is fixedly installed inside the measuring tube base 2, and the sensor module includes a color sensor 9. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, as an optional embodiment, two vertically opposed columnar sensor brackets 8 can be fixed to the upper surface of the collector housing 1 inside the measuring tube base 2. The two sensor brackets 8 are spaced a distance apart. A color sensor 9 is fixedly mounted between the tops of the two sensor brackets 8, and the height of the color sensor 9 can be adjusted by moving the color sensor 9 up and down. The color sensor 9 is located below the lens 7, with the probe of the color sensor 9 pointing vertically upward toward the lens 7. As a preferred embodiment, the probe can be perpendicular to the lower surface of the lens 7. The color sensor 9 can measure the color information of the litter sample through the lens 7, such as measuring the grayscale value of the litter sample.

[0052] In at least one embodiment provided by the present invention, the data acquisition circuit includes: a control circuit, a color acquisition circuit, and a composite acquisition circuit for measuring conductivity and moisture content.

[0053] The control circuit is electrically connected to the color acquisition circuit and the composite acquisition circuit via pins. The control circuit is used to control the operating states of the color acquisition circuit and the composite acquisition circuit, thereby controlling the parameters to be measured by the device. For example, the control circuit can control the composite acquisition circuit to measure the conductivity or moisture content of a litter sample. As a preferred embodiment, the composite acquisition circuit provided in the present invention includes a low-frequency scanning conductivity measurement circuit and a standing wave ratio moisture measurement circuit.

[0054] The color acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the color sensor 9 and is used to obtain color information of the fallen leaves sample. As an optional embodiment, the sensor module in the present invention can be a TCS34725 sensor module, and the color acquisition circuit is a color measurement circuit based on the TCS34725 sensor module. The color acquisition circuit has an error of less than 5%.

[0055] The composite data acquisition circuit is electrically connected to electrode 5 and is used to obtain the moisture content and conductivity of the litter sample. Specifically, the composite data acquisition circuit is connected to signal terminal 10, which is in turn electrically connected to electrode 5 via wire 6. As an optional embodiment, the composite data acquisition circuit in the present invention specifically includes a low-frequency scanning conductivity measurement circuit and a standing wave ratio moisture measurement circuit. The low-frequency scanning conductivity measurement circuit has a measurement error of less than 2%, and the standing wave ratio moisture measurement circuit has a measurement error of less than 4%.

[0056] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in at least one embodiment provided by the present invention, the shape of the mounting hole on the upper surface of the measuring tube base 2 matches the lens 7, the top opening and the bottom opening of the mounting hole are both rectangular, and the bottom opening is smaller than the top opening, so that at least two opposite side walls of the mounting hole are inclined.

[0057] In at least one embodiment provided by the present invention, the lens 7 is in the shape of a quadrangular prism or a quadrangular pyramid, at least two opposite side waist surfaces of the lens 7 are in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, the upper surface of the lens 7 is parallel to the lower surface, and the area of the upper surface is larger than the area of the lower surface. After the lens 7 is fixed at the mounting hole, the upper surface of the lens 7 is flush with the upper surface of the measuring tube base 2, and blocks the mounting hole to prevent the litter sample from leaking from the mounting hole, and the lower surface of the lens 7 extends from the bottom of the mounting hole. The lens 7 is used to isolate the color sensor 9 from the litter sample, avoid direct contact between the color sensor 9 and the litter sample, and can fix the measuring distance between the color sensor 9 and the litter sample. Preferably, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, as an optional embodiment, the lens 7 in the present invention can adopt a quadrangular prism-shaped lens 7, the two opposite side waist surfaces of the lens 7 are isosceles trapezoidal and perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces; the other two opposite side waist surfaces are rectangular, and the angle between them and the upper surface is less than 90 degrees.

[0058] In at least one embodiment provided by the present invention, the sensor module further includes at least one fill light 14. The light path direction of the fill light 14 is toward the lens 7 and is perpendicular to a side waist surface of the lens 7. The angle between the side waist surface and the upper surface of the lens 7 is less than 90 degrees. The fill light 14 is electrically connected to the color acquisition circuit and is turned on to provide illumination when the color sensor 9 is working. As an optional embodiment, Figure 5As shown, two fill light brackets 15 are fixed to the upper surface of the collector housing 1 inside the measuring tube base 2. The two fill light brackets 15 are located on the left and right sides of the color sensor 9, respectively. The top of the fill light bracket 15 is provided with a groove, and a pure white LED fill light 14 is fixed in each groove. The optical path direction of the two LED fill light 14 is toward the lens 7, and they are perpendicular to the two side waist surfaces of the lens 7 and are aligned with the two side waist surfaces. The angle between the two side waist surfaces and the upper surface of the lens 7 is less than 90 degrees. By providing the above-mentioned fill light 14, the constancy of the measurement light source can be guaranteed, and the fill light source is guaranteed not to be directly reflected by the lens 7 into the color sensor 9 probe, thereby avoiding interference with the measurement accuracy of the color sensor 9.

[0059] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in at least one embodiment provided by the present invention, the measuring tube base 2 includes a base shell 21 and a base side cover 22. The base shell 21 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, including three side panels perpendicular to the upper surface of the collector shell 1 and a top plate parallel to the upper surface of the collector shell 1. The top plate and the side panels are both rectangular, and the aforementioned mounting holes are provided on the top plate. The base shell 21 includes a card plate perpendicular to the upper surface of the collector shell 1 and a card block fixed to the middle and lower part of the side wall of the card plate. The card plate is rectangular, the card block is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the top of the card plate is higher than the upper surface of the top plate, and the card block is inserted into the groove surrounded by the top plate and the side plate to complete the installation. After the measuring tube body 3 is installed on the base shell 21, the card block of the base side cover 22 is inserted into the groove surrounded by the top plate and the side plate, so that the base side cover 22 can close the base shell 21 and limit the measuring tube body 3 to prevent the measuring tube body 3 from moving during the measurement process and affecting the accuracy of the measurement results. As an optional embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the two opposing outer sidewalls of the measuring tube body 3 can be provided with a rectangular retaining strip parallel to the upper surface of the collector housing 1. The top of the two opposing inner side panels of the base housing 21 can be provided with a rectangular retaining slot that matches the retaining strip. The slot is parallel to the upper surface of the collector housing 1 and extends to the edge of the side panel. To install the measuring tube body 3, first remove the base side cover 22. Then, align the retaining strip of the mounting tube body with the retaining slot of the base housing 21 and insert it. Secure the mounting tube body to the upper surface of the base housing 21. The base side cover 22 is then replaced to secure the measuring tube body 3. After the measurement is completed, the compression plug 4 inside the measuring tube body 3 can be removed from the top opening of the measuring tube body 3. The entire device can then be turned over to pour out the sample inside the measuring tube body 3. The device can then be straightened. After opening the base side cover 22, the measuring tube body 3 can be removed to clean the measuring tube body 3, the upper surface of the base housing 21, and the upper surface of the lens 7 to prevent sample residue from interfering with the next measurement.

[0060] In at least one embodiment provided by the present invention, a measurement function indicator light 11 and a conductivity power indicator light 12 are also provided on the upper surface of the collector housing 1. The measurement function indicator light 11 is used to indicate the current measurement mode of the composite collection circuit, that is, whether conductivity or moisture content is being measured; the conductivity power indicator light 12 is used to indicate the current measurement gear when measuring conductivity. As an optional embodiment, the measurement function indicator light 11 and the conductivity power indicator light 12 each include transparent acrylic columns and surface-mount LEDs. The conductivity power indicator lights 12 are eight royal blue surface-mount LEDs connected to the composite collection circuit. Each surface-mount LED is connected to a transparent acrylic column with a length of 2 mm, a width of 1.5 mm, and a height of 13 mm. The eight transparent acrylic columns are arranged side by side, and the upper surface of the transparent acrylic columns passes through the opening in the upper surface of the collector housing 1 and is flush with the upper surface of the collector housing 1. The measurement function indicator light 11 includes two red SMD LEDs, one SMD LED is connected to the composite acquisition circuit, and the other SMD LED is connected to the color acquisition circuit. A transparent acrylic column with a length of 2 mm, a width of 1.5 mm, and a height of 13 mm is connected above each red SMD LED. The upper surface of the transparent acrylic column passes through the opening on the upper surface of the collector housing 1 and is flush with the upper surface of the collector housing 1.

[0061] The device for identifying the degree of litter decomposition provided by the present invention is small in size and can quickly obtain high-precision data on the electrical conductivity, volumetric moisture content, and grayscale value of litter samples without any differences in time and space, meeting the requirements of timeliness, accuracy, and ease of use during the litter decomposition degree experiment.

[0062] Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides a litter decomposition degree identification system. The litter decomposition degree identification system provided by the present invention is described below. The litter decomposition degree identification system described below includes the litter decomposition degree identification device described above.

[0063] During the decomposition and humification process, litter undergoes a series of changes in its physical and chemical properties. The combined influence of soil biological and microbial activity, as well as factors such as light, soil aeration, plant root systems, temperature, and moisture, on litter decomposition results in humus with varying chemical properties, physical structure, porosity, and particle size between decomposition layers. Physical properties of forest litter samples, such as shape and porosity, as well as chemical properties such as pH, elemental content, and ion concentration, are important factors influencing litter conductivity and color. Furthermore, the color of forest soil is primarily determined by humus formed by litter decomposition, corresponding to the degree of litter decomposition. Soil conductivity of forest litter also increases with increasing litter decomposition. Therefore, by measuring the grayscale value and conductivity of litter samples at different moisture contents and using machine learning to fit the relationship between these parameters and the degree of litter decomposition, we can more accurately assess the current degree of litter decomposition.

[0064] The degree of decomposition is graded as follows: based on the natural accumulation method, the top layer of the litter accumulation, the organic litter layer, that is, the complete undecomposed dead leaves, bark, roots, and wood fragments, is removed. Below the organic fragment layer, the dead leaves and other plant residues decomposed by soil animals and fungi, as well as the tiny organic debris and organic aggregates below the organic humus layer, are taken. Among them, the first-level decomposition is defined as the part of the leaf tissue that has begun to decompose but the leaf shape can still be discerned; the second-level decomposition is defined as the leaf tissue that has mostly lost its complete appearance, most of the litter has been crushed, and the mesophyll has been decomposed into debris; the third-level decomposition is defined as the fibrous debris that can no longer be identified as the original shape of the fallen leaves, and most of them appear as loose felt-like. The fourth-level decomposition is defined as a soft, fine texture, dark brown color, and no fibrous debris.

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, the litter decomposition degree identification system provided in this embodiment includes a host computer and the litter decomposition degree identification device described above.

[0066] The device for identifying the degree of litter decomposition is used to measure the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity, and grayscale value of a litter sample, and is also used to transmit the acquired data to a host computer. Before taking a measurement, the compression plug 4 is pulled out, the litter sample is placed in the measuring cylinder body 3 of the device, and then the compression plug 4 is inserted into the measuring cylinder body 3. The volume of the litter sample is controlled by the compression plug 4, and then the volume value is read. The collector of the device measures the electrical conductivity and moisture content of the litter sample through the electrode 5 on the inner wall of the measuring cylinder body 3, and measures the color information of the litter sample, i.e., the grayscale value, through the color sensor 9 in the measuring cylinder base 2. The data receiving and transmission module of the device acquires the parameters of the measured litter sample and transmits the acquired parameters to the host computer.

[0067] The host computer is configured to receive data transmitted by the litter decomposition degree identification device and determine whether the volumetric moisture content is less than a preset parameter value. The volumetric moisture content is determined based on the volume of the litter sample within the measuring cylinder 3 and the measured moisture content of the sample. The host computer in this embodiment of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, terminals such as computers, mobile phones, and PDAs.

[0068] When the volumetric moisture content of the sample is too high (more than 20 cm 3 / cm 3 %),like Figure 10 As shown, the four decomposition level curves did not show good differentiation in the end. This is because at higher water contents, most of the pores in the sample are filled with liquid water, and the characteristics of the litter, such as surface area and pore size, are no longer the determining factors of the conductivity. As the water content increases to a certain threshold, the exponential relationship between the sample conductivity and the water content also disappears. On the other hand, at higher water contents, the grayscale values of the litter samples are also difficult to show large differences. In order to ensure the accuracy and rigor of the judgment of the degree of litter decomposition in this embodiment, in the actual identification process, the lower limit of the measurement threshold of the volume water content is set to 0 cm 3 / cm 3 %, the upper limit is 20cm 3 / cm 3 %.

[0069] The host computer is also used to bring the received volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity and gray value into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and output the decomposition level of the litter sample. Specifically, when the volumetric moisture content of the sample does not exceed the preset parameter value (for example, not more than 20cm 3 / cm 3 %, the upper computer brings the volume moisture content, electrical conductivity and gray value of the litter sample into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and outputs the current forest litter sample decomposition level. Among them, the support vector machine separates different categories of data by constructing the optimal hyperplane in the feature space, thereby realizing classification and recognition. In the case of linear indifference, the data can be mapped to a high-dimensional space through the kernel function, and classified using the hyperplane. The radial basis neural network is a feedforward neural network, which makes the data linearly separable in the high-dimensional space by mapping low-dimensional data to high-dimensional space. It has the characteristics of fast convergence speed, simple training, and strong classification ability. The above two machine learning classification algorithms are for Figure 10 The three-dimensional curve of the litter sample shown can be classified and identified, that is, the decomposition level of the litter can be classified and identified through the litter parameters collected by the litter parameter measurement system.

[0070] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the litter decomposition degree identification system provided by the embodiments of the present invention can make judgments through the machine learning model for identifying the decomposition level of forest litter by measuring the volume moisture content, electrical conductivity and grayscale value of forest litter, thereby being able to simply, quickly and accurately identify the decomposition level of forest litter.

[0071] Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying the degree of decomposition of litter. The method for identifying the degree of decomposition of litter provided by the present invention is described below. The method for identifying the degree of decomposition of litter described below is executed by the upper computer in the litter decomposition degree identification system described above. The litter decomposition degree identification device mentioned below is consistent with the litter decomposition degree identification device described above.

[0072] like Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves, including:

[0073] S1. Receive the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity, and grayscale value of the litter sample obtained by the litter decomposition degree identification device. The volumetric moisture content is determined based on the volume of the litter sample in the measuring cylinder 3 and the measured moisture content of the sample.

[0074] Among them, in a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the litter sample needs to be pre-processed before step S1. Take a litter sample from a single tree species forest, remove large impurities such as fruit cores and stones, and then pass it through an 8-mesh sieve. Use a crusher to process the sample until the sample is completely powdered to obtain a powdered litter sample. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the litter sample should be crushed by a crusher into a powder with a fineness of 0.28mm-0.32mm. Place the litter sample in the measuring cylinder body 3 of the litter decomposition degree identification device, and ensure that the height of the litter sample is higher than the electrode 5 in the measuring cylinder body 3, 10-20mm higher.

[0075] S2. Determine whether the volumetric moisture content is greater than a preset parameter value.

[0076] In this step, the host machine determines whether the volume moisture content of the litter sample is greater than the preset parameter value, for example, whether the volume moisture content is greater than 20cm 3 / cm 3 %, if the volume moisture content does not exceed 20cm 3 / cm 3 %, then execute step S4. 3 / cm 3%, the staff needs to transfer the sample in the measuring cylinder body 3 to a drying box, dry it at 65°C for 2h, stir it evenly, and then use a funnel to transfer the sample to the measuring cylinder until the sample height submerges the copper electrode 5 and exceeds 10mm-20mm. Insert the compression plug 4 into the measuring cylinder and compress it downward until the sample is compacted, and then repeat step S1.

[0077] S3. When the volume moisture content is less than or equal to the preset parameter value, the received volume moisture content, electrical conductivity and grayscale value are brought into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and the decomposition level of the litter sample is output.

[0078] Specifically, when the volumetric water content of the sample does not exceed the preset parameter value (for example, not more than 20 cm 3 / cm 3 %, the upper computer brings the volume moisture content, electrical conductivity and gray value of the litter sample into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and outputs the current forest litter sample decomposition level. Among them, the support vector machine separates different categories of data by constructing the optimal hyperplane in the feature space, thereby realizing classification and recognition. In the case of linear indifference, the data can be mapped to a high-dimensional space through the kernel function, and classified using the hyperplane. The radial basis neural network is a feedforward neural network, which makes the data linearly separable in the high-dimensional space by mapping low-dimensional data to high-dimensional space. It has the characteristics of fast convergence speed, simple training, and strong classification ability. The above two machine learning classification algorithms are for Figure 10 The three-dimensional curve of the litter sample shown can be classified and identified, that is, the decomposition level of the litter can be classified and identified through the litter parameters collected by the litter parameter measurement system.

[0079] The following uses the forest litter samples from the Acer truncatum stand in Beijing Jiufeng National Forest Park as an example to classify the decomposition levels according to the above decomposition degree classification method:

[0080] The relationship curve of volume moisture content, logarithm of electrical conductivity and gray value of a sample of Acer truncatum forest litter is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the X-axis represents the sample's volumetric moisture content, the Y-axis represents the logarithm of the sample's electrical conductivity, and the Z-axis represents the sample's grayscale value. The conductivity of the litter sample increases with increasing volumetric moisture content, while the grayscale value decreases with increasing volumetric moisture content. Furthermore, the volumetric moisture content-logarithm-conductivity-grayscale value curves for litter samples at different decomposition levels show monotonic changes and clear distinctions.

[0081] 20 groups of forest litter at different decomposition layers of the Acer truncatum forest in Jiufeng National Forest Park, Beijing, were used as samples. The 20 groups of samples included tree species from five forest stands, and four layers of samples were taken from each tree species in each forest stand. The decomposition layer at which each group of samples was sampled was marked, i.e., the decomposition level. The forest litter decomposition degree identification system was used to identify the decomposition level of the samples using the steps described. The identification results of each group of samples in the system were compared with the marked values of the samples. The ratio of the number of groups with the same comparison results to the total number of groups (20 groups) was recorded, which was the identification accuracy of the forest litter decomposition level identification system in this embodiment.

[0082] In this embodiment, the accuracy of the litter decomposition level identification model using the support vector machine algorithm is 95.00%; the accuracy of the litter decomposition level identification model using the radial basis function neural network algorithm is 97.50%.

[0083] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the method for identifying the degree of litter decomposition provided by the embodiments of the present invention, by obtaining the volume moisture content, electrical conductivity and grayscale value of forest litter, can be judged through a machine learning model for identifying the decomposition level of litter, thereby being able to simply, quickly and accurately identify the decomposition level of forest litter.

[0084] Figure 8 An example of a physical structure diagram of an electronic device is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 810, an interface 820, a memory 830, and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the interface 820, and the memory 830 communicate with each other via the communication bus 840. The processor 810 may call the logic instructions in the memory 830 to execute the method for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves, which includes:

[0085] receiving the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity, and grayscale value of the litter sample obtained by the litter decomposition degree identification device;

[0086] Determining whether the volumetric moisture content exceeds a preset parameter value;

[0087] When the volume moisture content does not exceed the preset parameter value, the received volume moisture content, the electrical conductivity and the grayscale value are brought into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and the decomposition level of the litter sample is output.

[0088] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 830 can be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as an independent product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0089] In another aspect, the present invention further provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can perform the method for identifying the degree of litter decomposition provided by the above methods, the method comprising:

[0090] receiving the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity, and grayscale value of the litter sample obtained by the litter decomposition degree identification device;

[0091] Determining whether the volumetric moisture content exceeds a preset parameter value;

[0092] When the volume moisture content does not exceed the preset parameter value, the received volume moisture content, the electrical conductivity and the grayscale value are brought into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and the decomposition level of the litter sample is output.

[0093] In another aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves provided by the above methods is implemented, the method comprising:

[0094] receiving the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity, and grayscale value of the litter sample obtained by the litter decomposition degree identification device;

[0095] Determining whether the volumetric moisture content exceeds a preset parameter value;

[0096] When the volume moisture content does not exceed the preset parameter value, the received volume moisture content, the electrical conductivity and the grayscale value are brought into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and the decomposition level of the litter sample is output.

[0097] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one location or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0098] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution or the part that contributes to the existing technology can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or certain parts of the embodiments.

[0099] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves, characterized in that: include: Parameter measuring tube and collector; The collector comprises a collector housing (1) and a data collection module and a data receiving and transmitting module inside the collector housing (1), wherein the data receiving and transmitting module is electrically connected to the data collection module; The parameter measuring cylinder comprises: a measuring cylinder body (3), an electrode (5), a measuring cylinder base (2) and a compression plug (4); the measuring cylinder base (2) is fixed above the collector housing (1); the measuring cylinder body (3) is installed above the measuring cylinder base (2); the compression plug (4) is movably installed inside the measuring cylinder body (3); at least one electrode (5) is fixed to the inner wall of the measuring cylinder body (3); the electrode (5) is electrically connected to the data acquisition module through a wire (6); a mounting hole is provided on the upper surface of the measuring cylinder base (2), and a lens (7) is installed in the mounting hole; a sensor module electrically connected to the data acquisition module is fixedly installed inside the measuring cylinder base (2), and the sensor module comprises a color sensor (9), the color sensor (9) is located below the lens (7), and the probe of the color sensor (9) faces the lens (7); The data acquisition module comprises: a control circuit, a color acquisition circuit and a composite acquisition circuit for measuring conductivity and moisture content; the control circuit is electrically connected to the color acquisition circuit and the composite acquisition circuit; the color acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the color sensor (9); and the composite acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the electrode (5); The shape of the mounting hole matches the lens (7), the top opening and the bottom opening of the mounting hole are both rectangular, and the bottom opening is smaller than the top opening; the lens (7) is in the shape of a quadrangular prism or a quadrangular pyramid, at least two opposite side waist surfaces are in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, and the upper surface is parallel to the lower surface; the upper surface of the lens (7) is flush with the upper surface of the measuring tube base (2) and blocks the mounting hole, and the lower surface of the lens (7) extends from the bottom of the mounting hole; The sensor module further comprises at least one fill light (14), wherein the light path direction of the fill light (14) is toward the lens (7) and is perpendicular to a side waist surface of the lens (7), and the angle between the side waist surface and the upper surface of the lens (7) is less than 90 degrees.

2. The device for identifying the degree of litter decomposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring tube base (2) comprises a base shell (21) and a base side cover (22); the base shell (21) is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, comprising three side plates perpendicular to the upper surface of the collector shell (1) and a top plate parallel to the upper surface of the collector shell (1), the top plate being fixed to the middle and upper parts of the inner walls of the three side plates, and the top plate being provided with the mounting hole; the base shell (21) comprises a card plate perpendicular to the upper surface of the collector shell (1) and a card block fixed to the middle and lower part of the side wall of the card plate, the top of the card plate being higher than the upper surface of the top plate, and the card block being mounted in a groove surrounded by the top plate and the side plates.

3. The device for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves according to claim 1, wherein: The conductor (6) is a signal shielding wire.

4. A litter decomposition degree identification system, characterized in that: It comprises a host computer and the device for identifying the degree of decomposition of litter according to any one of claims 1 to 3; The litter decomposition degree identification device is used to measure the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity and grayscale value of the litter sample, and is also used to transmit the acquired data to the host computer; The host computer is used to receive data transmitted by the litter decomposition degree identification device and determine whether the volume moisture content is greater than the preset parameter value. It is also used to bring the received volume moisture content, the conductivity and the grayscale value into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and output the decomposition level of the litter sample.

5. A method for identifying the degree of decomposition of litter, applied to a host computer in the system for identifying the degree of decomposition of litter as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: include: receiving the volumetric moisture content, electrical conductivity, and grayscale value of the litter sample obtained by the litter decomposition degree identification device; Determining whether the volumetric moisture content is greater than a preset parameter value; When the volume moisture content is less than or equal to the preset parameter value, the received volume moisture content, the electrical conductivity and the grayscale value are brought into the corresponding support vector machine and radial basis neural network model for forest stand decomposition level identification, and the decomposition level of the litter sample is output.

6. The method for identifying the degree of litter decomposition according to claim 5, characterized in that: The litter sample is in powder form with a fineness of 0.28 mm to 0.32 mm. The litter sample is located in a measuring cylinder body (3) of the litter decomposition degree identification device, and the height of the litter sample is 10 to 20 mm higher than the electrode (5) in the measuring cylinder body (3).

7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the method for identifying the degree of decomposition of fallen leaves as claimed in claim 5 is implemented.

8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for identifying the degree of litter decomposition as claimed in claim 5 is implemented.

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