Method, device, equipment and medium for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method, device, equipment and medium for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault. The method includes: obtaining seismic interpretation data of a target area; slicing the target layer segment of the target area according to a preset time interval and dividing grid points in each time slice; determining the fault line of each time slice according to the seismic interpretation data; based on each fault line, calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the hanging wall area of ​​the fault in each time slice according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, and establishing a time domain three-dimensional velocity model based on the velocity value. By comprehensively considering factors such as the change in fault throw and the distance of the velocity gradient from the fault, a reasonable prediction of the velocity of the hanging wall area of ​​the fault under the condition of fault throw change is achieved, thereby solving the problem of inaccurate velocity of the hanging wall of the normal fault in the comprehensive structural interpretation and meeting the requirements for time-to-depth conversion velocity accuracy in drilling and reserve calculation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of geophysical exploration and development technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and medium for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault. Background Art

[0002] Anticline traps developed on the hanging wall (downthrown wall) of a normal fault are known as reverse traction anticlines due to their geomechanical origin and as rollover anticlines due to their morphological characteristics. These traps have attracted widespread attention due to their proximity to hydrocarbon-generating depressions and location on favorable hydrocarbon migration pathways, resulting in favorable reservoir formation conditions. While the seismic data quality of the oil fields formed by these traps is generally high in practice, they suffer from significant structural variability, primarily manifested by structural high "drift" and shifts in occurrence, leading to drilling failures and inaccurate reserve calculations. Research has shown that the uncertainty associated with these structures primarily stems from nonlinear velocity variations caused by the influence of normal faults on the hanging wall (downthrown wall). The lateral velocity variations in these traps are likely primarily due to local stress field variations caused by the faults, a phenomenon that is relatively common. Therefore, structural evaluation methods for the influence of normal faults on hanging wall velocities have practical significance in oil and gas exploration and development research. However, existing structural evaluation methods do not consider the velocity plane differences caused by lateral changes in faults. In fact, the fault throw will vary in strike and decrease to zero after extending a certain distance. Therefore, existing methods are only suitable for approximate velocity calculations in a small range around a known well, and there will be deviations in velocity solutions over a larger range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, device and medium for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault, so as to solve the problem of inaccurate velocity of the hanging wall (downthrown wall) of a normal fault in comprehensive structural interpretation.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall, the method comprising:

[0005] Obtain seismic interpretation data for the target area;

[0006] Slicing the target layer section of the target area according to preset time intervals, and dividing grid points in each time slice;

[0007] determining the fault line of each of the time slices according to the seismic interpretation data;

[0008] Based on each of the fault lines, the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall area of ​​each time slice is calculated according to the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline, and a time domain three-dimensional velocity model is established according to the velocity value.

[0009] Optionally, before calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each time slice based on each fault line and according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, the method further includes:

[0010] The preset virtual baseline is selected, and the virtual baseline velocity is calculated according to the average velocity of the reference well.

[0011] Optionally, calculating the virtual baseline velocity according to the average velocity of the reference well includes:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, V L,∞ represents the virtual baseline velocity, V0 represents the average velocity of the reference well, L0 represents the vertical distance between the reference well and the fault, and L M represents the vertical distance between the preset virtual baseline and the fault, G represents the velocity gradient, K represents the empirical coefficient, H represents the buried depth of the target layer, D F Indicates the fault throw of the main controlling fault.

[0014] Optionally, the calculating, based on each of the fault lines and according to a virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each of the time slices includes:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, V x,y Indicates the speed value, L x,y Denotes the distance between the target grid point and the corresponding fault line, D F,x,y Indicates the fault distance corresponding to the fault line position perpendicular to the target grid point.

[0017] Optionally, determining the fault line of each time slice according to the seismic interpretation data includes:

[0018] determining a fault plane based on the seismic interpretation data;

[0019] The intersection line between the fault plane and each of the time slices is picked up as the fault line of each of the time slices.

[0020] Optionally, before calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each time slice based on each fault line and according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, the method further includes:

[0021] The hanging wall grid is determined according to the relative positions of the grid points obtained by division and the corresponding tangent line or extension line of the fault line.

[0022] Optionally, establishing a time-domain three-dimensional velocity model according to the velocity value includes:

[0023] The time domain three-dimensional velocity model is obtained by performing vertical interpolation according to the velocity values ​​of each target grid point.

[0024] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall, the device comprising:

[0025] Data acquisition module, used to obtain seismic interpretation data of the target area;

[0026] A time slicing module is used to slice the target layer section of the target area according to a preset time interval and divide the grid points in each time slice;

[0027] A fault line determination module, configured to determine the fault line of each of the time slices based on the seismic interpretation data;

[0028] The model building module is used to calculate the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall area of ​​each time slice based on each of the fault lines according to the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline, and to establish a time domain three-dimensional velocity model according to the velocity value.

[0029] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, the computer device comprising:

[0030] one or more processors;

[0031] a memory for storing one or more programs;

[0032] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault provided by any embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault provided by any embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault. The method first obtains seismic interpretation data for a target area, slices the target layer segment of the target area according to preset time intervals, and divides grid points into each time slice. The fault line of each time slice is then determined based on the seismic interpretation data. Based on each fault line, the velocity values ​​of each target grid point in the hanging wall region of the fault for each time slice are calculated according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, and a time-domain three-dimensional velocity model is established based on each velocity value. The method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprehensively considers factors such as fault throw variation and the distance of the velocity gradient from the fault, thereby achieving a reasonable prediction of the velocity of the hanging wall region of the fault under conditions of fault throw variation. This solves the problem of inaccurate velocity of the hanging wall (downthrown wall) of a normal fault in comprehensive structural interpretation and meets the requirements for time-to-depth velocity conversion accuracy in drilling and reserve calculations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a device for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall provided in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a computer device provided in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It will be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings only illustrate portions relevant to the present invention, not all structures.

[0039] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow charts describe the steps as sequential processes, many of the steps can be implemented in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the steps can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but can also have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. The process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Figure 1This is a flow chart of the method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault provided in the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment can be applied to the comprehensive interpretation and research of onshore and offshore oil, gas, coal and other exploration and development targets. Specifically, it can also be applied to non-fault hanging wall areas where the velocity has a similar variation pattern to that of the hanging wall of a normal fault. This method can be executed by the device for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault provided in the embodiment of the present invention. The device can be implemented by hardware and / or software and can generally be integrated into a computer device. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0042] S11. Obtain seismic interpretation data for the target area.

[0043] Specifically, the required seismic interpretation data can be prepared in advance using any existing method. The seismic interpretation data may include seismic data, point data, target layer information, reference well time-depth relationship (the correspondence between seismic data reflection time and actual depth of geological layers), fault plane interpretation data, etc. Furthermore, the average velocity and depth corresponding to each time point in the reference well can be calculated based on the reference well time-depth relationship for future use.

[0044] S12. Slice the target layer segment of the target area according to preset time intervals, and divide grid points in each time slice.

[0045] Specifically, time slices can be designed for the target layer segment vertically at preset time intervals. The horizontal range of these slices can be consistent with the scope of the research area. The preset time intervals can be determined based on the depth range of the target layer segment. After slicing, grid points can be divided within each time slice according to the depth grid requirements of the research area. Existing software can be used to implement gridding.

[0046] S13. Determine the fault line of each time slice according to the seismic interpretation data.

[0047] Specifically, for each time slice, the fault line corresponding to each time slice can be determined in combination with the obtained seismic interpretation data, so that each time slice can be processed separately using the corresponding fault line.

[0048] Optionally, determining the fault line for each of the time slices based on the seismic interpretation data includes: determining a fault plane based on the seismic interpretation data; and selecting an intersection line between the fault plane and each of the time slices as the fault line for each of the time slices. Specifically, the fault plane can be determined based on fault plane interpretation data in the seismic interpretation data, and then the intersection line between the fault plane and each of the time slices can be selected as the fault line corresponding to each of the time slices, and maximum fault offset data along the strike of the fault can be read for backup.

[0049] S14. Based on each of the fault lines, calculate the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall area of ​​each of the time slices according to the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline, and establish a time domain three-dimensional velocity model according to the velocity values.

[0050] Specifically, after determining the fault lines of each time slice, each time slice can be processed separately. For each time slice, the corresponding fault line can be used, and then the velocity values ​​of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall area of ​​the time slice can be calculated based on the virtual baseline velocity of the corresponding preset virtual baseline, so that the velocity plane diagram of each time slice can be obtained. Then, a time domain three-dimensional velocity model can be established based on the calculated velocity values. The structural research work in seismic exploration is mainly to convert the time domain seismic interpretation results (isoT0 map) into a more accurate depth structure map (time-depth conversion). After the time domain three-dimensional velocity model is established, the model can be directly used for time-depth conversion in the seismic structure interpretation process to obtain the required depth structure map.

[0051] Among them, optionally, establishing a time domain three-dimensional velocity model based on the velocity values ​​includes: performing vertical interpolation according to the velocity values ​​of each target grid point to obtain the time domain three-dimensional velocity model. Specifically, for the target grid points in each time slice, a quadratic polynomial interpolation method can be used to perform vertical interpolation encryption, and the vertical interpolation sample points can be the same as the time sample points of the seismic data, so as to obtain the required time domain three-dimensional velocity model.

[0052] Optionally, before calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the hanging wall region of the fault for each time slice based on each fault line and the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline, the method further includes: determining the hanging wall grid according to the relative positions of the divided grid points and the tangent or extension lines of the corresponding fault lines. Specifically, after determining the fault lines for each time slice, for each time slice, the target grid points in the hanging wall region of the fault required for subsequent processing in the time slice can be determined in advance based on the corresponding fault lines. Specifically, the hanging wall grid and the footwall grid can be defined based on the relative positions of each grid point in the time slice and the tangent or extension lines of the corresponding fault lines, and the hanging wall grid can be determined as the required target grid point.

[0053] Based on the above technical solution, optionally, before calculating the velocity values ​​of each target grid point in the hanging wall region of the fault for each time slice based on the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline based on each fault line, the method further includes: selecting the preset virtual baseline and calculating the virtual baseline velocity based on the average velocity of a reference well. Specifically, the preset virtual baseline can be selected based on the impact of the fault on velocity. The preset virtual baseline is located in the hanging wall of the normal fault, a certain distance from the fault line and parallel to the fault line, and has a constant velocity. For each time slice, the virtual baseline velocity of the corresponding preset virtual baseline can be calculated based on the average velocity of the reference well for future use.

[0054] Optionally, calculating the virtual baseline velocity according to the average velocity of the reference well includes:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, V L,∞ represents the virtual baseline velocity, V0 represents the average velocity of the reference well, L0 represents the vertical distance between the reference well and the fault, and L M represents the vertical distance between the preset virtual baseline and the fault, G represents the velocity gradient, K represents the empirical coefficient, H represents the buried depth of the target layer, D F Indicates the fault throw of the main controlling fault.

[0057] Further optionally, the calculating, based on each of the fault lines and according to a virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each of the time slices includes:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, V x,y Indicates the speed value, L x,y Denotes the distance between the target grid point and the corresponding fault line, D F,x,y Indicates the fault distance corresponding to the fault line position perpendicular to the target grid point. Specifically, the velocity value of any point (x, y) can be solved from the corresponding preset virtual baseline position to the corresponding fault line direction. Some of the parameters can be obtained from the acquired seismic interpretation data.

[0060] As an example, this method was applied to an oilfield located on the hanging wall of a normal fault. The fault throw varies rapidly along its strike, and different locations in the hanging wall are affected differently by the fault. A 3D velocity model was constructed for this oilfield, and the required seismic interpretation data was prepared. The target layer in this oilfield is known to have a depth range of 1200-3000 meters. Based on the time-depth relationship, the corresponding time domain is between 1000-2500 milliseconds. Therefore, a preset interval of 100 milliseconds was set, and 16 time slices were designed and divided into grid points. Since the velocity impact of faults in the study area is generally less than 5 kilometers, to reduce the uncertainty of the velocity calculation results, a preset virtual baseline distance of 10 kilometers from the corresponding fault line was selected. Each virtual baseline velocity was calculated based on the average velocity of a reference well. Using the above instructions, the velocity values ​​of each target grid point were calculated, and a time-domain 3D velocity model was constructed based on these velocity values. The calculation results show that the velocity at each point in the hanging wall is related to the fault throw at different locations on the fault, which is consistent with the geological understanding that a larger fault throw has a greater velocity impact. The three-dimensional velocity model was then used for time-depth conversion, and compared with the drilled well data, the structural prediction error was statistically analyzed. Compared with the conventional method, the well point error in the direction approximately perpendicular to the fault was greatly reduced, and the overall well point error was also reduced, indicating that the velocity model obtained by this method has higher velocity prediction accuracy along the fault strike direction.

[0061] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention first obtains seismic interpretation data for the target area, then slices the target layer segment of the target area according to preset time intervals and divides the grid points into each time slice. The fault lines of each time slice are then determined based on the seismic interpretation data. Based on each fault line, the velocity values ​​of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each time slice are calculated according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline. A time-domain three-dimensional velocity model is then established based on these velocity values. This technical solution comprehensively considers factors such as fault throw variation and the distance of the velocity gradient from the fault, achieving a reasonable prediction of the velocity of the fault hanging wall region under fault throw variation. This solves the problem of inaccurate velocity of the hanging wall (downthrown wall) of normal faults in comprehensive structural interpretation and meets the requirements for time-to-depth velocity conversion accuracy in drilling and reserve calculations.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault provided in the second embodiment of the present invention. The device can be implemented by hardware and / or software and can generally be integrated into a computer device to execute the method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault provided in any embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the device includes:

[0064] Data acquisition module 21, used to obtain seismic interpretation data of the target area;

[0065] A time slicing module 22 is configured to slice the target layer of the target area according to a preset time interval and divide the grid points in each time slice;

[0066] A fault line determination module 23, configured to determine the fault line of each time slice according to the seismic interpretation data;

[0067] The model building module 24 is used to calculate the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall area of ​​each time slice based on each of the fault lines according to the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline, and to build a time domain three-dimensional velocity model based on the velocity value.

[0068] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention first obtains seismic interpretation data for the target area, then slices the target layer segment of the target area according to preset time intervals and divides the grid points into each time slice. The fault lines of each time slice are then determined based on the seismic interpretation data. Based on each fault line, the velocity values ​​of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each time slice are calculated according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline. A time-domain three-dimensional velocity model is then established based on these velocity values. This technical solution comprehensively considers factors such as fault throw variation and the distance of the velocity gradient from the fault, achieving a reasonable prediction of the velocity of the fault hanging wall region under fault throw variation. This solves the problem of inaccurate velocity of the hanging wall (downthrown wall) of normal faults in comprehensive structural interpretation and meets the requirements for time-to-depth velocity conversion accuracy in drilling and reserve calculations.

[0069] On the basis of the above technical solution, optionally, the device for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of the normal fault further includes:

[0070] A preset virtual baseline selection module is used to select the preset virtual baseline before calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall area of ​​each time slice based on each fault line and the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline, and calculate the virtual baseline velocity according to the average velocity of the reference well.

[0071] On the basis of the above technical solution, optionally, a virtual baseline selection module is preset, including:

[0072] Virtual baseline speed calculation unit, used for:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, V L,∞ represents the virtual baseline velocity, V0 represents the average velocity of the reference well, L0 represents the vertical distance between the reference well and the fault, and LM represents the vertical distance between the preset virtual baseline and the fault, G represents the velocity gradient, K represents the empirical coefficient, H represents the buried depth of the target layer, D F Indicates the fault throw of the main controlling fault.

[0075] On the basis of the above technical solution, optionally, the model building module 24 is specifically used to:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, V x,y Indicates the speed value, L x,y Denotes the distance between the target grid point and the corresponding fault line, D F,x,y Indicates the fault distance corresponding to the fault line position perpendicular to the target grid point.

[0078] On the basis of the above technical solution, optionally, the fault line determination module 23 includes:

[0079] a fault plane determining unit, configured to determine a fault plane based on the seismic interpretation data;

[0080] The fault line determining unit is configured to pick an intersection line between the fault plane and each of the time slices as the fault line of each of the time slices.

[0081] On the basis of the above technical solution, optionally, the device for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of the normal fault further includes:

[0082] A grid point division module is configured to determine a hanging wall grid according to relative positions between the divided grid points and the corresponding tangent or extension line of the fault line before calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the hanging wall area of ​​each time slice based on the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline based on each fault line.

[0083] On the basis of the above technical solution, optionally, the model building module 24 is specifically used to:

[0084] The time domain three-dimensional velocity model is obtained by performing vertical interpolation according to the velocity values ​​of each target grid point.

[0085] The apparatus for establishing a 3D velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall provided by an embodiment of the present invention can execute the method for establishing a 3D velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall provided by any embodiment of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.

[0086] It is worth noting that in the embodiment of the above-mentioned device for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault, the various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above-mentioned division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of the functional units are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] Figure 3 The structural diagram of the computer device provided in the third embodiment of the present invention shows a block diagram of an exemplary computer device suitable for implementing the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The computer device shown is only an example and should not limit the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the computer device includes a processor 31, a memory 32, an input device 33 and an output device 34; the number of processors 31 in the computer device can be one or more. Figure 3 Taking a processor 31 as an example, the processor 31, memory 32, input device 33 and output device 34 in the computer device can be connected through a bus or other means. Figure 3 The bus connection is taken as an example.

[0089] The memory 32, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the method for establishing a 3D velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault in the embodiments of the present invention (e.g., the data acquisition module 21, time slicing module 22, fault line determination module 23, and model establishment module 24 in the apparatus for establishing a 3D velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault). The processor 31 executes the software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 32 to perform various computer functions and data processing, thereby implementing the aforementioned method for establishing a 3D velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault.

[0090] The memory 32 may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store an operating system and at least one application required for a function; the data storage area may store data generated based on the use of the computer device. Furthermore, the memory 32 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state memory device. In some instances, the memory 32 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 31, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0091] The input device 33 may be used to obtain seismic interpretation data of the target area, and to generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function controls of the computer device, etc. The output device 34 may include a display screen, which may be used to display prediction results, etc. to the user.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] A fourth embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium containing computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a computer processor, the computer-executable instructions are used to perform a method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault. The method includes:

[0094] Obtain seismic interpretation data for the target area;

[0095] Slicing the target layer section of the target area according to preset time intervals, and dividing grid points in each time slice;

[0096] determining the fault line of each of the time slices according to the seismic interpretation data;

[0097] Based on each of the fault lines, the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall area of ​​each time slice is calculated according to the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline, and a time domain three-dimensional velocity model is established according to the velocity value.

[0098] The storage medium can be any of various types of memory devices or storage devices. The term "storage medium" is intended to include: installation media, such as CD-ROMs, floppy disks, or tape devices; computer system memory or random access memory, such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, magnetic media (such as hard disks or optical storage); registers or other similar types of memory elements, etc. The storage medium may also include other types of memory or combinations thereof. In addition, the storage medium may be located in the computer system in which the program is executed, or may be located in a different second computer system that is connected to the computer system via a network (such as the Internet). The second computer system may provide program instructions to the computer for execution. The term "storage medium" may include two or more storage media that may reside in different locations (e.g., in different computer systems connected via a network). The storage medium may store program instructions (e.g., embodied as a computer program) that may be executed by one or more processors.

[0099] Of course, the computer executable instructions of a storage medium containing computer executable instructions provided in an embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the operations of the method described above, and can also execute related operations in the method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0100] A computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0101] Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0102] Through the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented with the help of software and necessary general-purpose hardware, and of course it can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory (FLASH), hard disk or optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0103] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault, characterized in that: include: Obtain seismic interpretation data for the target area; Slicing the target layer section of the target area according to preset time intervals, and dividing grid points in each time slice; determining the fault line of each of the time slices according to the seismic interpretation data; Based on each of the fault lines, calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each of the time slices according to the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline, and establishing a time domain three-dimensional velocity model according to the velocity values; Before calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each time slice based on each fault line and according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, the method further includes: Selecting the preset virtual baseline and calculating the virtual baseline velocity according to the average velocity of the reference well; Calculating the virtual baseline velocity according to the average velocity of the reference well comprises: Among them, V L,∞ represents the virtual baseline velocity, V0 represents the average velocity of the reference well, L0 represents the vertical distance between the reference well and the fault, and L M represents the vertical distance between the preset virtual baseline and the fault, G represents the velocity gradient, K represents the empirical coefficient, H represents the buried depth of the target layer, D F Indicates the fault throw of the main controlling fault; The calculating, based on each of the fault lines and according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each of the time slices comprises: Among them, V x,y Indicates the speed value, L x,y Denotes the distance between the target grid point and the corresponding fault line, D F,x,y Indicates the fault distance corresponding to the fault line position perpendicular to the target grid point.

2. The method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the fault line of each time slice according to the seismic interpretation data includes: determining a fault plane based on the seismic interpretation data; The intersection line between the fault plane and each of the time slices is picked up as the fault line of each of the time slices.

3. The method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each time slice based on each fault line and according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, the method further includes: The hanging wall grid is determined according to the relative positions of the grid points obtained by division and the corresponding tangent line or extension line of the fault line.

4. The method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of a normal fault hanging wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of establishing a time-domain three-dimensional velocity model according to the velocity value comprises: The time domain three-dimensional velocity model is obtained by performing vertical interpolation according to the velocity values ​​of each target grid point.

5. A device for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, used to obtain seismic interpretation data of the target area; A time slicing module is used to slice the target layer section of the target area according to a preset time interval and divide the grid points in each time slice; A fault line determination module, configured to determine the fault line of each of the time slices based on the seismic interpretation data; a model building module for calculating, based on each of the fault lines, the velocity values ​​of each target grid point in the fault hanging wall region of each of the time slices according to the virtual baseline velocity of a preset virtual baseline, and building a time-domain three-dimensional velocity model according to the velocity values; The device further comprises: a preset virtual baseline selection module, configured to select the preset virtual baseline and calculate the virtual baseline velocity according to the average velocity of the reference well before calculating the velocity value of each target grid point in the hanging wall region of each time slice based on each fault line and the virtual baseline velocity of the preset virtual baseline; The preset virtual baseline selection module includes: Virtual baseline speed calculation unit, used for: Among them, V L,∞ represents the virtual baseline velocity, V0 represents the average velocity of the reference well, L0 represents the vertical distance between the reference well and the fault, and L M represents the vertical distance between the preset virtual baseline and the fault, G represents the velocity gradient, K represents the empirical coefficient, H represents the buried depth of the target layer, D F Indicates the fault throw of the main controlling fault; The model building module is specifically used for: Among them, V x,y Indicates the speed value, L x,y Denotes the distance between the target grid point and the corresponding fault line, D F,x,y Indicates the fault distance corresponding to the fault line position perpendicular to the target grid point.

6. A computer device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; a memory for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the method for establishing a three-dimensional velocity model of the hanging wall of a normal fault as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

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