Power management system, micro control unit, battery management system and battery

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a power management system, an MCU, a BMS and a battery, which can meet the power supply demand of the MCU and has higher reliability. The power management system comprises: a first power supply module connected with a power supply, used for generating a first voltage according to the voltage of the power supply, diagnosing the first voltage, and storing the diagnosis result of the first voltage; a second power supply module connected with the first power supply module, used for generating a second voltage according to the first voltage, the second voltage being smaller than the first voltage, and the second voltage being the working voltage of the MCU; and the MCU connected with the first power supply module and the second power supply module, used for reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first power supply module, and determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery, in particular to a power management system, a micro-control unit, a battery management system and a battery. BACKGROUND

[0002] The battery management system (BMS) includes a power management system and a micro-control unit (MCU), wherein the power management system provides the required stable voltage for the MCU, but due to the upgrade of the micro-control unit (MCU), the existing power management system cannot meet the power supply demand and voltage safety demand of the upgraded MCU, therefore, it is necessary to optimize the structure of the power management system to expand the voltage range it can provide and enhance the reliability of the output voltage. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a power management system, a micro-control unit, a battery management system and a battery, which can meet the power supply demand of the MCU and has higher reliability.

[0004] In a first aspect, a power management system is provided, comprising:

[0005] A first power supply module connected with a power supply, comprising a first voltage conversion unit, a first voltage monitoring unit and a first storage unit, the first voltage conversion unit is used to generate a first voltage according to the voltage of the power supply, the first voltage monitoring unit is used to diagnose the first voltage, and the first storage unit is used to store the diagnosis result of the first voltage;

[0006] A second power supply module connected with the first power supply module, comprising a second voltage conversion unit, the second voltage conversion unit is used to generate a second voltage according to the first voltage, the second voltage is less than the first voltage, and the second voltage is the working voltage of the MCU; and

[0007] The MCU is connected with the first power supply module and the second power supply module, and is used to read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage.

[0008] Based on the technical scheme, the power management system adopts a two-stage power supply system, including a first-stage power supply module and a second-stage power supply module, wherein the first-stage power supply module provides a first voltage to the second-stage power supply module, and the second-stage power supply module provides a second voltage to the MCU according to the first voltage, for normal working of the MCU. Since the second-stage power supply module is arranged to provide an adaptive voltage for the MCU, the adaptability between the power management system of the BMS and the MCU is ensured. Moreover, since the first-stage power supply module can diagnose the first voltage, the MCU can control the BMS to enter a safe state when the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage by reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage, thereby improving the reliability of the BMS and ensuring the safety of the BMS.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further configured to output a state signal, the state signal being used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage; and the MCU is specifically configured to read the state signal, read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit according to the state signal, and control the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage read for N consecutive times is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage, N being a positive integer.

[0010] In this embodiment, the state signal output by the first-stage power supply module is used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage, and the MCU can determine how to read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first-stage power supply module according to the state signal, that is, the effective acquisition of the diagnosis result can be ensured, and unnecessary reading operations can be reduced, thereby saving time and resources.

[0011] In a possible implementation, when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU reads the state signal; and / or when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage is not overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the MCU reads the state signal.

[0012] In this embodiment, when the state signal output by the first-stage power supply module indicates that the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU reads the state signal, so as to ensure reliable judgment of the first voltage; and when the state signal indicates that the first voltage is not overvoltage or undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the MCU reads the state signal, thereby avoiding unnecessary reading operations.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further configured to output a state signal, where the state signal is used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage; and the secondary power supply module is further configured to receive the state signal, and stop outputting the second voltage when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the MCU is specifically configured to periodically read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and control the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage for N consecutive times.

[0015] In the above embodiment, the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and controls the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage for N consecutive times, thereby improving the safety of the BMS. Meanwhile, the secondary power supply module reads the state signal output by the primary power supply module, and stops outputting the second voltage to the MCU when the state signal indicates overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage, so that the BMS enters a safe state, thereby avoiding the risk caused by the failure of the MCU to read the diagnosis result. Since the MCU and the secondary power supply module jointly participate in the judgment of the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, the safety of the BMS is further improved.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the secondary power supply module further includes a second voltage monitoring unit and a second storage unit, where the second voltage monitoring unit is configured to diagnose the second voltage, and the second storage unit is configured to store the diagnosis result of the second voltage; and the MCU is further configured to read the diagnosis result of the second voltage from the second storage unit, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the second voltage.

[0017] In this embodiment, in addition to detecting the state signal output by the primary power supply module, the MCU also reads the diagnosis result of the second voltage from the secondary power supply module, and controls the BMS to enter a safe state when the second voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage, thereby further improving the safety of the BMS.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the MCU is further configured to detect the state of the MCU, and send a fault signal to the secondary power supply module when the state of the MCU is faulty; and the secondary power supply module is further configured to receive the fault signal, and send a reset signal to the MCU according to the fault signal.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the BMS further includes a relay control module connected with the primary power supply module and the MCU. The first voltage monitoring unit is further configured to send a safety signal to the relay control module when the diagnosis result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage; and the relay control module is configured to receive the safety signal and control a relay to keep the connection of the high-voltage loop for a preset time period according to the safety signal.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the first voltage conversion unit is further configured to generate a third voltage according to the voltage of the power supply, the third voltage being a working voltage of other loads in the BMS, and the third voltage being greater than the first voltage.

[0021] In this embodiment, the primary power supply module can output two voltages, i.e., the third voltage for other loads and the first voltage for the secondary power supply module, thereby not only meeting the power demand of other loads, but also ensuring the normal operation of the MCU by providing the second voltage to the MCU according to the first voltage through the secondary power supply module.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the MCU is connected with the primary power supply module through an I2C bus, and / or the MCU is connected with the secondary power supply module through an I2C bus.

[0023] In a possible implementation, the first voltage is 3.3 V, and the second voltage is 1.8 V or 0.8 V.

[0024] In a second aspect, a control method of a power management system is provided. The power management system includes a primary power supply module and a secondary power supply module. The primary power supply module is connected with a power supply, configured to generate a first voltage according to a voltage of the power supply, diagnose the first voltage, and store a diagnosis result of the first voltage. The secondary power supply module is connected with the primary power supply module, configured to generate a second voltage according to the first voltage, the second voltage being less than the first voltage, and the second voltage being a working voltage of an MCU. The MCU is connected with the primary power supply module and the secondary power supply module. The method includes:

[0025] The MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module; and

[0026] The MCU determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safety state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage.

[0027] Based on the technical scheme, the power management system adopts a two-stage power supply system, including a first-stage power supply module and a second-stage power supply module, wherein the first-stage power supply module provides a first voltage to the second-stage power supply module, and the second-stage power supply module provides a second voltage to the MCU according to the first voltage, for normal operation of the MCU. Since the second-stage power supply module is arranged to provide an adaptive voltage for the MCU, the adaptability between the power management system of the BMS and the MCU is ensured. Moreover, since the first-stage power supply module can diagnose the first voltage, the MCU can control the BMS to enter a safe state when the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage by reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage, thereby improving the reliability of the BMS and ensuring the safety of the BMS.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: the MCU reading a state signal output by the first-stage power supply module, the state signal being used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage; and wherein the MCU determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage includes: the MCU reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first-stage power supply module according to the state signal, and controlling the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage read for N consecutive times is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage, N being a positive integer.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the reading unit reads the state signal; or when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage is not overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the reading unit reads the state signal.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the MCU determining whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage includes: the MCU periodically reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the first-stage power supply module, and controlling the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage read for N consecutive times is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further configured to output a state signal, the state signal being used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage; and the second-stage power supply module is further configured to receive the state signal, and disable outputting the second voltage to the MCU when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the secondary power supply module is further configured to diagnose the second voltage and store a diagnosis result of the second voltage; and the method further includes: reading, by the MCU, the diagnosis result of the second voltage from the secondary power supply module; and determining, by the MCU, whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the second voltage.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: detecting, by the MCU, a state of the MCU; sending, by the MCU, a fault signal to the secondary power supply module when the MCU detects that the state of the MCU is a fault; and receiving, by the MCU, a reset signal sent by the secondary power supply module according to the fault signal.

[0034] In a possible implementation, the MCU and the primary power supply module are connected through an I2C bus, and / or the MCU and the secondary power supply module are connected through an I2C bus.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the first voltage is 3.3V, and the second voltage is 1.8V or 0.8V.

[0036] In a third aspect, an MCU is provided, which is configured to execute the control method of the BMS in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0037] In a fourth aspect, a BMS is provided, which includes: the power management system in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect; and the MCU in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0038] In a fifth aspect, a battery is provided, which includes the BMS in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an existing power management system;

[0041] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a power management system disclosed by an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 3 isFigure 2 A schematic diagram of a possible specific structure of the power management system in the image;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage diagnostic process disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage diagnostic process disclosed in another embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of a control method for a power management system disclosed in another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed description of the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of this application by way of example, but should not be used to limit the scope of this application, that is, this application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0047] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. "Vertical" is not vertical in the strict sense, but within the allowable tolerance range. "Parallel" is not parallel in the strict sense, but within the allowable tolerance range.

[0048] The directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of this application. It should also be noted in the description of this application that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an existing power management system is shown. Figure 1As shown, the power management system 100 includes a power supply 101, a primary power supply module 102, an MCU 103, a voltage stabilizing chip 104, a relay control module 105, a wake-up source 106, and other loads 107, etc. Among them, the primary power supply module 102 converts the 12V voltage output by the power supply 101 into a 5V voltage, which on the one hand provides the required 5V working voltage for other loads 107, and on the other hand outputs a 3.3V voltage to the voltage stabilizing chip 104, and converts the 5V voltage into the 3.3V voltage required by the MCU 103 through the voltage stabilizing chip 104, to ensure the normal work of the MCU 103. Among them, some I / O ports in the MCU 103 also need the primary power supply module 102 to provide a 5V voltage (not shown in the figure) to them. It should be noted that the two voltage outputs of the primary power supply module 102 are both 5V voltage, one of which is output to the voltage stabilizing chip 104 to be converted into a 3.3V voltage by the voltage stabilizing chip 104, and the other is output to the other loads 107. Because, if two different voltages are output at the same time through the primary power supply module 102, for example, a 5V voltage and a 3.3V voltage are directly output, the current load capacity on the output 5V voltage line may not be enough, resulting in the loss of part of the function, because there are more loads using 5V voltage in the current BMS, and fewer loads using 3.3V voltage. By converting the 5V voltage into a 3.3V voltage through the voltage stabilizing chip 104, and then outputting the 3.3V voltage from the voltage stabilizing chip 104 to the MCU 103, the problem of unbalanced load on the primary power supply module 102 can be prevented.

[0050] Because the current platform resources cannot meet the increasing functional requirements of the BMS, the MCU in the BMS is upgraded, however, the voltage required by the upgraded MCU is smaller, for example, its working voltage becomes 1.8V or 0.8V, so the upgraded MCU cannot be adapted to the current power management system of the BMS, which makes the existing power management system unable to meet the power supply requirements and voltage safety requirements of the upgraded MCU.

[0051] In view of this, the application provides a power management system, which changes the original primary power supply system to a two-stage power supply system to provide an adapted voltage to the MCU, and adds a voltage diagnosis mechanism to ensure the reliability of the output voltage and improve the safety of the BMS.

[0052] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the power management system of the embodiment of the application is shown. As shown in the figure, Figure 2 The power management system 200 includes a primary power supply module 210, a secondary power supply module 220, and an MCU 230.

[0053] The first power supply module 210 is connected with the power supply, and includes a first voltage conversion unit, a first voltage monitoring unit and a first storage unit. The first voltage conversion unit is configured to generate a first voltage V1 according to the voltage of the power supply. The first voltage monitoring unit is configured to diagnose the first voltage V1. The first storage unit is configured to store the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1.

[0054] The second power supply module 220 is connected with the first power supply module 210, and includes a second voltage conversion unit. The second voltage conversion unit is configured to generate a second voltage V2 according to the first voltage V1. The second voltage V2 is less than the first voltage V1, and the second voltage V2 is the working voltage of the MCU 230.

[0055] The MCU 230 is connected with the first power supply module 210 and the second power supply module 220. The MCU 230 is configured to read the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1.

[0056] It can be seen that, since the two-stage power supply system including the first power supply module 210 and the second power supply module 220 is adopted, the first voltage V1 can be provided to the second power supply module 220 by the first power supply module 210, and the second voltage V2 can be provided to the MCU 230 according to the first voltage V1 by the second power supply module 220, so as to be used for normal working of the MCU 230. Since the second power supply module 220 is arranged to provide the adapted voltage for the MCU 230, the adaptability between the power management system 200 and the MCU 230 is ensured. Moreover, since the first power supply module 210 can diagnose the first voltage V1, the MCU 230 can control the BMS to enter a safe state when the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage by reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, so that the reliability of the power management system 200 is improved, and the safety of the BMS is ensured.

[0057] As an example, Figure 3 a possible specific structure of the power management system 200 in Figure 2 is shown. As shown in Figure 3 , the power management system 200 includes the first power supply module 210, the second power supply module 220, the MCU 230, the power supply 240, the wake-up source 250, the relay control module 260 and other loads 270. The first voltage conversion unit in the first power supply module 210 converts the power supply voltage output by the power supply 240 into the first voltage V1, and outputs the first voltage V1 to the second power supply module 220. The second voltage conversion unit in the second power supply module 220 generates the second voltage V2 according to the first voltage V1, and provides the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230.

[0058] The first voltage V1 can be, for example, 3.3V; the second voltage V2 can be, for example, 1.8V or 0.8V. Optionally, the first voltage V1 can also output a third voltage V3, which can be, for example, the operating voltage of other loads in the BMS. The third voltage V3 is greater than the first voltage V1, for example, the third voltage V3 can be 5V.

[0059] Taking V1 = 3.3V, V2 = 1.8V or 0.8V, and V3 = 5V as an example, Figure 3 As shown, the primary power supply module 210 can simultaneously output two different voltages, namely 5V and 3.3V. It should be understood that in the upgraded MCU 230, some I / O ports that originally required 5V no longer do, thus reducing the number of loads using 5V. Therefore, the primary power supply module 210 can output two different voltages simultaneously without the load imbalance problem of the primary power supply module 102 described earlier. Furthermore, due to the addition of the secondary power supply module 220 to output 1.8V / 0.8V, the output voltage reliability is higher compared to directly outputting 5V and 1.8V / 0.8V through the primary power supply module 210, and the complexity of the primary power supply module 210 is also reduced.

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the power supply 240 in the power management system 200 is used to provide voltage, such as providing 12V to the primary power supply module 210; the wake-up source 250 in the power management system 200 is connected to the primary power supply module 210 via a hardwire and can output wake-up signals such as Real-Time Clock (RTC) signal, ACNA signal, MCU LOCK signal, etc. When the wake-up signal on the hardwire changes from low to Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal, the primary power supply module 210 changes from sleep state (standby state) to normal state (normal state).

[0061] Due to resource constraints and other issues, there is currently no solution for diagnosing the first voltage V1. However, overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage V1 may cause MCU 230 to malfunction or fail. Therefore, the primary power supply module 210 also includes a first voltage monitoring module and a first storage unit. The first voltage monitoring unit is used to diagnose the first voltage V1, and the first storage unit is used to store the diagnostic results of the first voltage V1. By reading the diagnostic results of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit 213, the MCU 230 can determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnostic results of the first voltage V1.

[0062] For example, in an implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is further configured to output a status signal, the status signal being used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, such as whether the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage; at this time, the MCU 230 is configured to read the status signal, read the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit according to the status signal, and control the BMS to enter the safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 read for N consecutive times is that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, N being a positive integer.

[0063] It should be understood that the MCU 230 controlling the BMS to enter the safe state described herein can mean that the connection of the high-voltage loop, which can refer to the power supply loop of the battery, is disconnected by a relay, which is used to control the connection and disconnection of the loop; or it can also mean that the MCU 230 is powered off, at this time, due to the failure of the MCU 230, the relay can be directly controlled through the corresponding state indication information to disconnect the connection of the high-voltage loop, so that the BMS enters the safe state.

[0064] In an implementation, as shown in Figure 3 The power management system 200 further includes a relay control module 260 connected with the primary power supply module 210 and the MCU 230, wherein the first voltage monitoring unit in the primary power supply module 210 is further configured to send a safety signal FS0B to the relay control module 260 when the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage; at this time, the relay control module 260 is configured to receive the safety signal FS0B and control the relay to maintain the connection of the high-voltage loop for a preset time according to the safety signal FS0B.

[0065] The relay control module 210 in the power management system 200 includes a delay circuit, when the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, etc., the MCU 230 can instruct the relay control module 210 to control the relay to disconnect the connection of the high-voltage loop. And the primary power supply module 210 will output a safety signal FS0B to the relay control module 210 to maintain the connection between the relay and the high-voltage loop for a certain time through its delay circuit, to prevent the risk of voltage instability caused by sudden disconnection of the relay.

[0066] For how the MCU 230 determines whether to control the BMS to enter the safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 read from the primary power supply module 210, the present application provides two ways, namely way 1 and way 2, which are described in detail below in combination with Figure 4 and Figure 5 .

[0067] Way 1

[0068] In this mode, the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 and determines whether to control the BMS to enter the safe state.

[0069] In an implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power supply module 210 is further configured to output a state signal indicating the diagnosis result of the first voltage; in this case, the MCU 230 is specifically configured to read the state signal, read the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit of the primary power supply module 210 according to the state signal, and control the BMS to enter the safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 read for N consecutive times is that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, where N is a positive integer.

[0070] After the first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power supply module 210 completes the diagnosis of the first voltage V1, it outputs a state signal indicating the diagnosis result and stores the diagnosis result in the first storage unit. The state signal may, for example, be a low-level signal and a high-level signal, where the low-level signal indicates that the first voltage V1 is within the normal range, and the high-level signal indicates that the first voltage V1 is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state. The first storage unit may, for example, be a register, and the 0X16 address of the register may be used as a flag bit for storing the overvoltage or undervoltage state of the first voltage V1, where the undervoltage state is stored in “BIT5” and the overvoltage state is stored in “BIT4”. When the flag bit is “0”, it indicates that the first voltage V1 is not undervoltage or overvoltage; when the flag bit is “1”, it indicates that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage.

[0071] As can be seen, after the MCU 230 detects the state signal, it can determine, according to the state signal, how to read the diagnosis result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module 210, for example, at what frequency, so as to ensure effective acquisition of the diagnosis result and reduce unnecessary reading operations and save time and resources.

[0072] For example, when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the state signal, so as to ensure reliable judgment of the first voltage V1.

[0073] For another example, when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is not overvoltage or undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the MCU reads the state signal, so as to avoid unnecessary reading operations.

[0074] In the following, the first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power supply module 210, the MCU 230, and the BMS will be described in detail in combination with Figure 4 Figure 4 ​is one possible implementation of the voltage diagnostic scheme of way 1. As shown in FIG. 3, wherein steps 301-304 are performed by the primary power module 210, and steps 305-314 are performed by the MCU 230. As shown in FIG. 4, the method specifically comprises some or all of the following steps. Figure 4 Figure 4

[0075] In step 301, the primary power module 210 outputs the first voltage V1.

[0076] In step 302, the first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power module 210 diagnoses the first voltage V1.

[0077] For example, the first voltage V1 can be input into a voltage comparator, and compared with an under-voltage threshold and an over-voltage threshold, to determine whether the first voltage V1 is under-voltage or over-voltage.

[0078] In step 303, the primary power module 210 outputs a status signal.

[0079] In step 304, the primary power module 210 updates a flag bit in the first storage unit for storing the diagnostic result.

[0080] In step 305, the MCU 230 reads the status signal output by the primary power module 210.

[0081] In step 306, the MCU 230 determines whether the status signal is “HIGH” or “LOW”.

[0082] wherein when the status signal is “HIGH”, it indicates that the current diagnostic result is that the first voltage V1 is under-voltage or over-voltage, and then step 307 is performed, and when the status signal is “LOW”, it indicates that the current diagnostic result is that the first voltage V1 is not under-voltage or over-voltage, and then step 308 is performed.

[0083] In step 307, the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit.

[0084] In step 308, the MCU 230 periodically reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit.

[0085] The period of reading can be, for example, 100 ms.

[0086] It should be noted that in steps 307 and 308, when the status signal is “HIGH”, it indicates that the current diagnostic result can be that the first voltage V1 is under-voltage or over-voltage, and therefore the MCU 230 immediately reads the corresponding flag bit of the first storage unit to confirm whether the flag bit indicates that the first voltage V1 is under-voltage or over-voltage. From the confirmation, the MCU 230 can determine whether to perform step 307 or step 308.​​Figure 4 It can be seen that the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result from the first storage unit once for each time it detects "HIGH", which means that the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the status signal, so as to ensure that the judgment of whether the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage is accurate and the reliability of voltage diagnosis is ensured. When the status signal is "LOW", it indicates that the current diagnostic result is that the first voltage V1 is not undervoltage or overvoltage, and the MCU 230 can read the corresponding flag bit of the first storage unit according to a certain period. At this time, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit can be less than the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the status signal, so as to reduce unnecessary reading operations and save time and resources.

[0087] In step 309, the MCU 230 determines whether the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage according to the corresponding flag bit in the first storage unit.

[0088] For example, if the MCU 230 reads the corresponding flag bit of the first storage unit as "0", it indicates that the first voltage V1 is not overvoltage or undervoltage, and then steps 310 and 311 are executed; if the MCU 230 reads the corresponding flag bit of the first storage unit as "1", it indicates that the first voltage V1 is in an overvoltage state or an undervoltage state, and then steps 312 to 314 are executed.

[0089] In step 310, the counter is set to 0.

[0090] In step 311, the BMS is controlled to remain in normal operation.

[0091] In step 312, the counter records the number of faults by adding 1.

[0092] The number of faults includes, for example, the number of overvoltage, the number of undervoltage, or the total number of overvoltage and undervoltage.

[0093] In step 313, it is determined whether the number of faults recorded by the counter exceeds N.

[0094] When the number of faults recorded by the counter is greater than N, step 314 is executed, otherwise the process returns to step 306.

[0095] In step 314, the BMS is controlled to enter a safe state.

[0096] In step 312 to step 314, when the MCU 230 reads the corresponding flag bit in the register for N consecutive times, and the flag bit indicates that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, for example, the flag bit is detected as "1" for N consecutive times, the MCU 230 controls the relay to disconnect the high-voltage loop, and ensures that the BMS enters a safe state. By setting a reasonable N value, the reliability of the diagnostic result can be improved.

[0097] Mode 2

[0098] In this mode, the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 read the diagnostic result in the first storage unit of the primary power supply module 210 and the state signal output by the primary power supply module 210, respectively, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state.

[0099] In one implementation, the MCU 230 is specifically configured to periodically read the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit of the primary power supply module 210, and when the diagnostic result of the first voltage is read for N consecutive times, the diagnostic result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage, the MCU 230 controls the BMS to enter a safe state.

[0100] In another implementation, the first voltage monitoring unit is also configured to output a state signal, the state signal being used to indicate the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1; at this time, the secondary power supply module 220 is also configured to receive the state signal, and when the state signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, the secondary power supply module 220 stops outputting the second voltage V2.

[0101] It should be understood that when the secondary power supply module 220 stops outputting the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230, the MCU 230 is powered off, and at this time, due to the failure of the MCU 230, the relay can be directly controlled through the corresponding state indication information to disconnect the high-voltage loop, so that the BMS enters a safe state.

[0102] It can be seen that the MCU 230 reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit, and when the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 is read for N consecutive times, the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, the MCU 230 controls the BMS to enter a safe state, thereby improving the safety of the BMS. At the same time, the secondary power supply module 220 reads the state signal output by the primary power supply module 210, and when the state signal indicates that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, the secondary power supply module 220 stops outputting the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230, so that the BMS enters a safe state, thereby avoiding the risk caused by the failure of the MCU 230 to read the diagnostic result. Since the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 jointly participate in the judgment of the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1, the safety of the BMS is further improved.

[0103] In the following, the application will be described in detail in combination with Figure 5Detailed description is made. Figure 5 is a possible implementation of the voltage diagnostic scheme of Mode 2. In which, steps 401 to 404 are performed by the primary power supply module 210, steps 405 to 409 are performed by the secondary power supply module 220, and steps 410 to 416 are performed by the MCU 230. As shown, it specifically includes part or all of the following steps. Figure 5

[0104] In step 401, the primary power supply module 210 outputs the first voltage V1.

[0105] In step 402, the first voltage monitoring unit of the primary power supply module 210 diagnoses the first voltage V1.

[0106] For example, the first voltage V1 can be input into a voltage comparator and compared with an under-voltage threshold and an over-voltage threshold to determine whether the first voltage V1 is over-voltage or under-voltage.

[0107] In step 403, the primary power supply module 210 outputs a status signal.

[0108] In step 404, the primary power supply module 210 updates a flag bit in the first storage unit for storing the diagnostic result.

[0109] In step 405, the secondary power supply module 220 determines whether the status signal is “HIGH” or “LOW”.

[0110] When the status signal is high “HIGH”, it indicates that the current diagnostic result is that the first voltage V1 is under-voltage or over-voltage, and the secondary power supply module 220 then performs steps 406 and 407. When the status signal is low “LOW”, it indicates that the current diagnostic result is that the first voltage V1 is not under-voltage or over-voltage, and the secondary power supply module 220 then performs steps 408 and 409.

[0111] In step 406, the secondary power supply module 220 outputs the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230.

[0112] In step 407, the BMS is controlled to remain normal operation.

[0113] In step 408, the secondary power supply module 220 stops outputting the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230.

[0114] In step 409, the BMS is controlled to enter a safe state.

[0115] In step 410, the MCU 230 periodically reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit.

[0116] ​The period of reading can be 100 ms, for example.

[0117] In step 411, the MCU 230 determines whether the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage according to the corresponding flag bit in the first storage unit.

[0118] For example, if the MCU 230 reads the corresponding flag bit of the first storage unit as “0”, which means that the first voltage V1 is not overvoltage or undervoltage, steps 412 and 413 are executed; if the MCU 230 reads the corresponding flag bit of the first storage unit as “1”, which means that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, steps 414 to 416 are executed.

[0119] In step 412, the counter is set to 0.

[0120] In step 413, the BMS is controlled to keep normal operation.

[0121] In step 414, the counter records the number of failures by 1.

[0122] The number of failures can include the number of overvoltage, the number of undervoltage, or the total number of overvoltage and undervoltage, for example.

[0123] In step 415, it is determined whether the number of failures recorded by the counter exceeds N.

[0124] When the number of failures recorded by the counter is greater than N, step 416 is executed, otherwise, the process returns to step 410.

[0125] In step 416, the BMS is controlled to enter a safe state.

[0126] In steps 414 to 416, when the MCU 230 reads the corresponding flag bit in the register for N times in succession, the flag bit indicates that the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage, for example, the flag bit is “1” for N times in succession, the MCU 230 controls the relay to disconnect the high-voltage loop, so that the BMS enters a safe state. By setting a reasonable value of N, the reliability of the diagnosis result can be improved.

[0127] In the above-mentioned manner 1 and manner 2, the manner 1 is to detect the state signal output by the primary power supply module 210 through the MCU 230, and read the diagnosis result stored in the first storage unit of the primary power supply module 210, which reduces the complexity of the secondary power supply module 220, and the MCU 230 can adjust the frequency of reading the diagnosis result from the first storage unit based on the diagnosis result indicated by the state signal. However, if the MCU 230 fails, the first voltage V1 cannot ensure that the BMS enters a safe state once overvoltage or undervoltage occurs. Moreover, the state signal in the manner 1 is used to inform the MCU 230 to read the diagnosis result from the first storage unit, but the state signal itself does not participate in the actual overvoltage or undervoltage judgment process, and has little effect on improving the system reliability. In the manner 2, the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 read the diagnosis result in the first storage unit of the primary power supply module 210 and the state signal output by the primary power supply module 210, respectively. The state signal output by the primary power supply module and the stored diagnosis result both participate in the actual overvoltage or undervoltage judgment process. Since the dual-redundancy fault handling manner is adopted, the risk caused by the failure of the MCU 230 to read the diagnosis result is avoided, and the system reliability is higher.

[0128] In a possible implementation, the secondary power supply module 220 further includes a second voltage monitoring unit and a second storage unit, the second voltage monitoring unit is configured to diagnose the second voltage V2, and the second storage unit is configured to store the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2; and the MCU 230 is further configured to read the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2 from the second storage unit, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2.

[0129] In this embodiment, in addition to detecting the state signal output by the primary power supply module 210, the MCU 230 also reads the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2 from the secondary power supply module 220, and controls the BMS to enter a safe state when the second voltage V2 is overvoltage or undervoltage, thereby further improving the safety of the BMS.

[0130] In an implementation, the MCU 230 is further configured to detect a state of the MCU 230, and send a fault signal to the secondary power supply module 220 when the state of the MCU 230 is a fault; and the secondary power supply module 220 is further configured to receive the fault signal, and send a reset signal to the MCU 230 according to the fault signal.

[0131] As Figure 3As shown, the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 have corresponding pins that can be used to transmit a fault signal and a reset signal. Through self-checking of the MCU 230, when the MCU 230 fails, the MCU 230 can inform the secondary power supply module 220, and the secondary power supply module 220 can reset the MCU 230, thereby ensuring that the MCU 230 operates normally and effectively.

[0132] In an implementation manner, the MCU 230 and the primary power supply module 210 can be connected through an I2C bus, and / or the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 can be connected through an I2C bus. Through the I2C bus, the MCU 230 and the primary power supply module 210, and the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 can exchange state signals, diagnosis results, and other information.

[0133] The diagnosis manner of the overvoltage and the undervoltage of the embodiments of the present application is not limited, for example, for the first voltage V1, a comparator or the like can be used to compare the current detection value of the first voltage V1 with a target value to determine whether the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage.

[0134] Figure 6 A control method 500 of a power management system provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown. The power management system 200 includes a primary power supply module 210 and a secondary power supply module 220, wherein the primary power supply module 210 is connected with a power supply, used to generate a first voltage V1 according to the voltage of the power supply, and diagnose the first voltage V1 and store the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, the secondary power supply module 220 is connected with the primary power supply module 210, used to generate a second voltage V2 according to the first voltage V1, the second voltage V2 is less than the first voltage V1, the second voltage V2 is the working voltage of a MCU 230, and the MCU 230 is connected with the primary power supply module 210 and the secondary power supply module 220.

[0135] As shown, the method 500 can be executed by the MCU 230 described above, for example, and the method 500 includes part or all of the following steps. Figure 6

[0136] In step 510, the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the primary power supply module 210.

[0137] In step 520, the MCU 230 determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1.

[0138] ​Based on the technical scheme, the power management system 200 adopts a two-stage power supply system, including a first-stage power supply module 210 and a second-stage power supply module 220, wherein the first-stage power supply module 210 provides a first voltage V1 to the second-stage power supply module 220, and the second-stage power supply module 220 provides a second voltage V2 to the MCU 230 according to the first voltage, for normal working of the MCU 230 in the BMS. Since the second-stage power supply module is arranged to provide an adaptive voltage for the MCU, the adaptability between the power management system of the BMS and the MCU is ensured. Moreover, since the first-stage power supply module 210 can diagnose the first voltage V1, the MCU 230 can control the BMS to enter a safe state when the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage by reading the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, thereby improving the reliability of the BMS.

[0139] In an implementation manner, the method 500 further includes: the MCU 230 reads a state signal output by the first-stage power supply module 210, the state signal being used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1; and the MCU 230 determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, including: the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first-stage power supply module 210 according to the state signal, and controls the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 read for N consecutive times is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage V1, N being a positive integer.

[0140] In an implementation manner, the method 500 further includes: when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage V1, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the reading unit reads the state signal; or when the state signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is not overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage V1, the frequency at which the MCU 230 reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the reading unit reads the state signal.

[0141] In an implementation manner, the MCU 230 determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state according to the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1, including: the MCU 230 periodically reads the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 from the first-stage power supply module 210, and controls the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 read for N consecutive times is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage V1.

[0142] In an implementation, the first voltage V1 monitoring unit is further configured to output a status signal, the status signal being used to indicate the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1; and the secondary power supply module 220 is further configured to receive the status signal, and to disable outputting the second voltage V2 to the MCU 230 when the status signal indicates that the diagnosis result of the first voltage V1 is overvoltage or undervoltage of the first voltage V1.

[0143] In an implementation, the secondary power supply module 220 is further configured to diagnose the second voltage V2, and to store the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2; and the method 500 further includes: reading, by the MCU 230, the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2 from the secondary power supply module 220; and determining, by the MCU 230, whether to control the BMS to enter the safe state according to the diagnosis result of the second voltage V2.

[0144] In an implementation, the method 500 further includes: detecting, by the MCU 230, the state of the MCU 230; sending, by the MCU 230, a fault signal to the secondary power supply module 220 when the MCU 230 detects that the state of the MCU 230 is fault; and receiving, by the MCU 230, a reset signal sent by the secondary power supply module 220 according to the fault signal.

[0145] In an implementation, the MCU 230 and the primary power supply module are connected through an I2C bus, and / or the MCU 230 and the secondary power supply module 220 are connected through an I2C bus.

[0146] In an implementation, the first voltage V1 is 3.3V, and the second voltage is 1.8V or 0.8V.

[0147] It should be understood that specific details in various implementations of the method 500 can refer to the foregoing related descriptions of the MCU 230, and will not be described herein for brevity.

[0148] The present application also provides an MCU configured to perform the operations performed by the MCU 230 in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0149] The present application also provides a BMS including the power management system 200 and the MCU 230 in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0150] The present application also provides a battery including the BMS in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0151] Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made to the application without departing from the scope of the application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way, provided that there is no structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power management system, characterized in that, include: A primary power supply module, connected to a power source, includes a first voltage conversion unit, a first voltage monitoring unit, and a first storage unit. The first voltage conversion unit is used to generate a first voltage based on the voltage of the power source. The first voltage monitoring unit is used to diagnose the first voltage. The first storage unit is used to store the diagnostic results of the first voltage. A secondary power supply module, connected to the primary power supply module, includes a second voltage conversion unit. This second voltage conversion unit generates a second voltage based on the first voltage. The second voltage is less than the first voltage, and the second voltage is the operating voltage of the microcontroller unit (MCU). The secondary power supply module is also used to diagnose the second voltage and store the diagnostic results. The MCU is connected to the first-level power supply module and the second-level power supply module, and is used to read the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and determine whether to control the battery management system (BMS) to enter a safe state based on the diagnostic result of the first voltage, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnostic result of the second voltage. The MCU is also used to detect the status of the MCU, and send a fault signal to the secondary power supply module when the status of the MCU is faulty; The secondary power supply module is also used to receive the fault signal and send a reset signal to the MCU according to the fault signal.

2. The power management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first voltage monitoring unit is also used to output a status signal, which is used to indicate the diagnostic result of the first voltage; Specifically, the MCU is used to read the status signal, read the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit according to the status signal, and control the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnostic result of the first voltage read N times consecutively is either overvoltage or undervoltage, where N is a positive integer.

3. The power management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the status signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal; and / or, When the status signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage is that the first voltage is neither over-voltage nor under-voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal.

4. The power management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first voltage monitoring unit is also used to output a status signal, which is used to indicate the diagnostic result of the first voltage; The secondary power supply module is also used to receive the status signal and, when the status signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage, to prohibit the MCU from outputting the second voltage.

5. The power management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The MCU is used to periodically read the diagnostic results of the first voltage from the first storage unit, and when the diagnostic results of the first voltage are read as overvoltage or undervoltage for N consecutive times, control the BMS to enter a safe state.

6. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The secondary power supply module further includes a second voltage monitoring unit and a second storage unit. The second voltage monitoring unit is used to diagnose the second voltage, and the second storage unit is used to store the diagnostic results of the second voltage. The MCU is also used to read the diagnostic result of the second voltage from the second storage unit, and determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnostic result of the second voltage.

7. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes a relay control module, which is connected to the primary power supply module and the MCU. The first voltage monitoring unit is also used to send a safety signal to the relay control module when the diagnostic result of the first voltage is that the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage; The relay control module is used to receive the safety signal and, based on the safety signal, control the relay to maintain the connection of the high-voltage circuit for a preset time period.

8. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first voltage conversion unit is further configured to generate a third voltage based on the voltage of the power supply, wherein the third voltage is the operating voltage of other loads in the BMS, and the third voltage is greater than the first voltage.

9. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The MCU is connected to the primary power supply module via an I2C bus, and / or the MCU is connected to the secondary power supply module via an I2C bus.

10. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first voltage is 3.3V, and the second voltage is 1.8V or 0.8V.

11. A control method for a power management system, characterized in that, The power management system includes a primary power supply module and a secondary power supply module. The primary power supply module is connected to a power source and is used to generate a first voltage based on the power source's voltage, diagnose the first voltage, and store the diagnostic results. The secondary power supply module is connected to the primary power supply module and is used to generate a second voltage based on the first voltage, diagnose the second voltage, and store the diagnostic results. The second voltage is less than the first voltage, and the second voltage is the operating voltage of a microcontroller unit (MCU). The MCU is connected to both the primary and secondary power supply modules. The method includes: The MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the primary power supply module; and, The MCU determines whether to control the battery management system (BMS) to enter a safe state based on the diagnostic result of the first voltage, and determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnostic result of the second voltage. The MCU reads the diagnostic result of the second voltage from the secondary power supply module; Based on the diagnostic results of the second voltage, determine whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state; The MCU detects the status of the MCU; When the MCU detects that the MCU is in a fault state, it sends a fault signal to the secondary power supply module; The MCU receives a reset signal sent by the secondary power supply module based on the fault signal.

12. The control method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The method further includes: The MCU reads the status signal output by the first-level power supply module, and the status signal is used to indicate the diagnostic result of the first voltage; The MCU determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state based on the diagnostic result of the first voltage, including: The MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first-level power supply module according to the status signal, and controls the BMS to enter a safe state when the diagnostic result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage for N consecutive readings, where N is a positive integer.

13. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the status signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is equal to the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal; or, When the status signal indicates that the diagnostic result of the first voltage is that the first voltage is neither over-voltage nor under-voltage, the frequency at which the MCU reads the diagnostic result of the first voltage from the first storage unit is less than the frequency at which the MCU reads the status signal.

14. The control method according to claim 13, characterized in that, Based on the diagnostic result of the first voltage, the MCU determines whether to control the BMS to enter a safe state, including: The MCU periodically reads the diagnostic results of the first voltage from the first-level power supply module, and when the diagnostic results of the first voltage are read as overvoltage or undervoltage for N consecutive times, it controls the BMS to enter a safe state.

15. A microcontroller unit (MCU), characterized in that, A control method for performing any one of claims 11 to 14.

16. A battery management system (BMS), characterized in that, include: The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10; as well as, The microcontroller unit (MCU) as described in claim 15 above.

17. A battery, characterized in that, Includes the battery management system (BMS) as described in claim 16.

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