Ultrasonic vibration assisted electrolytic grinding and through hole machining device

Abstract

The application relates to an ultrasonic vibration assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through hole machining device, which comprises a spindle connected with a power mechanism, the tail end of the spindle is fixed with a cutter, the cutter comprises a grinding rod connected with the spindle, the outer surface of the grinding rod is provided with an insulating abrasive layer, the bottom end of the grinding rod is provided with a tool electrode, the tool electrode is connected with the negative pole of a power supply through a wire, the positive pole of the power supply is used for connecting a workpiece through a wire, a cathode is arranged below the cutter, and a workpiece fixing mechanism is arranged in the electrolyte tank. The machining device can realize synchronous machining of electrolysis and grinding, and is suitable for machining small holes and micro holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of processing equipment technology, and specifically to an ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole processing device. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information in relation to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Small-hole structures (0.5-3mm holes) are widely used in many engineering fields, such as 3D printer nozzles, engine fuel nozzles, film cooling holes for aero-engine blades, irregularly shaped holes on chemical fiber spinnerets, and small holes in instruments. The surface quality of the hole walls determines the quality and performance of small-hole parts, therefore, the need to obtain high surface quality for small holes is very urgent.

[0004] Electrolytic grinding composite machining offers advantages in terms of high surface quality and machining accuracy among various small hole machining methods. However, traditional composite machining requires online tool setting and tool changing, which reduces the repeatability and surface quality of the machined small holes, and also leads to long machining cycles and low efficiency. Furthermore, in traditional composite machining, the working fluid has poor fluidity, and the electrolytic products or evolved gases generated by various machining methods cannot be discharged in a timely manner, resulting in a decline in the surface quality of the machined small holes.

[0005] Chinese invention patent with publication number "CN108705164A" discloses a rotary ultrasonic-assisted micro-electrolytic grinding hole enlargement device and method, which partially solves the above problems, but still has the following problems: (1) Pre-drilled holes must be processed before grinding, resulting in poor precision and low efficiency. When the hole diameter is small, the grinding head cannot be accurately positioned to the pre-drilled hole position when grinding small holes. Therefore, this patent cannot realize the processing of micro-holes (0.5mm-1mm) and groups of holes; (2) Ultrasonic vibration is applied to the electric spindle, which needs to rotate, resulting in a complex and bulky structure, leading to problems of high ultrasonic vibration power, high energy consumption, small amplitude, and high processing cost; (3) The small amplitude has a small effect on the circulation of the working fluid (i.e., electrolyte), resulting in poor stability of electrolytic processing.

[0006] Traditional internal spray through-holes are located at the bottom of the grinding head. Due to obstruction by the workpiece, the electrolyte pressure in the bottom outlet hole increases during actual operation, leading to problems such as uneven flow field distribution and severe bottom corrosion. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous hole processing device, in which electrolysis and grinding are carried out simultaneously, enabling the processing of micro-holes and groups of holes, and the structure is simple and the electrolytic processing has good stability.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0009] An embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous hole machining device, including a spindle connected to a power mechanism. A cutting tool is fixed at the end of the spindle. The cutting tool includes a grinding rod connected to the spindle. An insulating abrasive layer is provided on the outer surface of the grinding rod. A tool electrode is coaxially provided at the bottom end of the grinding rod. The diameter of the tool electrode is smaller than the diameter of the grinding rod. The tool electrode is connected to the negative terminal of a power supply through a wire. The positive terminal of the power supply is used to connect a workpiece through a wire. An electrolyte tank is provided below the cutting tool. A workpiece fixing mechanism is provided inside the electrolyte tank.

[0010] Optionally, one sidewall of the electrolyte tank is connected to an ultrasonic vibration mechanism to apply ultrasonic vibration to the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank;

[0011] Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes an ultrasonic generator connected to an ultrasonic transducer, which is installed on the outer side of the sidewall of the electrolyte tank.

[0012] Optionally, the inner side of the sidewall of the electrolyte tank used to install the ultrasonic transducer is an arc-shaped surface, and the thickness gradually decreases along the direction from the bottom end, top end to the middle. Multiple ultrasonic transducers are provided, and the multiple ultrasonic transducers are attached to the outer side of the sidewall of the electrolyte tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the thickness of the middle part of the sidewall used to set the ultrasonic transducer is 1 / 20 to 1 / 40 of the thickness of the top and bottom parts.

[0014] Optionally, the insulating abrasive layer includes an insulating layer coated on the outer surface of the grinding rod, the insulating layer being an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer having multiple diamond abrasive grains embedded therein.

[0015] Furthermore, the adhesive layer uses a C-SiC binary adhesive.

[0016] Optionally, the tool is provided with an electrolyte flow channel inside, wherein the top end of the electrolyte flow channel extends to the top end of the grinding rod and the bottom end extends into the tool electrode. The bottom end of the electrolyte flow channel branches to form multiple branch channels, which extend to the outer peripheral surface of the tool electrode. Alternatively, the bottom end of the electrolyte flow channel extends to the bottom end of the tool electrode. The top end of the electrolyte flow channel is connected to one end of a pipe, and the other end of the pipe extends into the electrolyte tank. A pump body is installed in the pipe.

[0017] Optionally, a servo valve is installed on the pipe between the main body and the top of the electrolyte flow channel, and a filter element is installed on the pipe between the pump body and the electrolyte tank.

[0018] Optionally, the inner surface of the electrolyte flow channel is coated with an insulating material.

[0019] Optionally, the diameter of the tool electrode is smaller than the diameter of the grinding rod, and a chamfered transition section is provided between the tool electrode and the grinding rod, with an insulating layer coated on the outer surface of the chamfered transition section.

[0020] Optionally, the power mechanism is connected to the three-axis linkage mechanism to drive the power mechanism and the cutting tool to move according to the set machining trajectory, and the three-axis linkage mechanism is installed on the machine tool body.

[0021] Optionally, the electrolyte tank is mounted on a lifting platform, which is fixed to the machine tool body.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The hole machining apparatus of the present invention includes a grinding rod and a tool electrode. The outer surface of the grinding rod is provided with an insulating abrasive layer. When the tool rotates with the spindle and processes the workpiece, it can perform electrolytic machining using the tool electrode and simultaneously perform grinding machining through the insulating abrasive layer of the grinding rod. Electrolytic machining and grinding machining are performed simultaneously, realizing integrated electrochemical machining / grinding of the workpiece. It can quickly remove workpiece material while ensuring good repeatability and surface quality. It eliminates the need for precise positioning of the grinding head to the hole and is suitable for machining micro-holes and groups of holes.

[0024] 2. In the hole processing device of the present invention, one side wall of the electrolyte tank is connected to the ultrasonic vibration mechanism. During processing, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the electrolyte to improve the electrolyte circulation effect. The structure is simple and solves the problems of complex structure, high ultrasonic vibration power, high energy consumption, small amplitude and high processing cost caused by ultrasonic vibration of tool electrode.

[0025] 3. In the hole processing apparatus of the present invention, the side wall of the ultrasonic transducer installed in the electrolyte tank adopts a structure in which the thickness gradually decreases from the top end to the middle position, so that the ultrasonic vibration can be concentrated at the position where the thickness is thinner in the middle, which can improve the stability, uniformity and intensity of the ultrasonic field acting on the processing area, and ensure the effect of ultrasonic vibration.

[0026] 4. In the hole processing apparatus of the present invention, the electrolyte flow channel in the tool extends to the outer peripheral surface of the tool electrode through a bifurcated channel. The opening on the outer peripheral surface can reduce the pressure and make the flow field distribution in the processing area uniform and stable, while ensuring sufficient electrolyte in the processing gap and timely removal of processing heat and electrolytic products.

[0027] 5. In the hole processing device of the present invention, the adhesive layer adopts C-SiC binary adhesive, which can both embed diamond abrasive grains and insulate the upper end of the tool electrode sidewall, thereby reducing the secondary electrolysis of the tool electrode sidewall on the electrolytically ground surface. At the same time, the insulating abrasive grain layer on the outer side of the grinding rod can better control the uniform distribution of current density in the bottom processing area, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the flow field and electric field.

[0028] 6. In the hole processing apparatus of the present invention, a chamfered transition section is provided between the tool electrode and the grinding rod, and an insulating layer is provided on the outer surface of the chamfered transition section to effectively prevent secondary electrolysis. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the A-type cutting tool structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the B-type cutting tool structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the C-type cutting tool structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the electrolyte tank and the ultrasonic vibration mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the processing principle of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] The components are as follows: 1. Lathe body, 2. X-axis moving mechanism, 3. Y-axis moving mechanism, 4. Z-axis moving mechanism, 5. Signal line, 6. Motion information acquisition card, 7. Industrial computer, 8. Current acquisition card, 9. Pulse AC power supply, 10. Ultrasonic power supply, 11. Ultrasonic generator, 12. Lifting platform, 13. Electrolyte, 14. Workpiece, 15. Electrolyte tank, 16. Grinding rod, 17. Spindle, 18. Current sensor, 19. Adhesive layer, 20. Diamond abrasive grains, 21. Bifurcation channel, 22. Electrolyte flow channel, 23. Ultrasonic transducer, 24. Ultrasonic wave, 25. Workpiece fixture, 26. Pipe, 27. Pump body, 28. Servo valve, 29. Filter. Detailed Implementation

[0037] For ease of description, the use of the words "upper" and "lower" in this invention only indicates that they correspond to the upper and lower directions of the accompanying drawings and do not limit the structure. They are merely used to facilitate the description of this invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device, including a lathe body 1. A three-axis linkage mechanism is provided on one side of the lathe body 1. The three-axis linkage mechanism is connected to a power mechanism, which is connected to a spindle 17. The axis of the spindle 17 is vertically arranged. The power mechanism can drive the spindle 17 to rotate around the automatic axis. The above structure can adopt the existing structure of electrolytic machining lathe, and its specific structure will not be described in detail here.

[0040] The three-axis linkage mechanism can be an existing three-axis linkage mechanism, including an X-axis moving mechanism 2 that can drive the power mechanism to move in the horizontal plane, the X-axis moving mechanism 2 is connected to the Y-axis moving mechanism 3, the Y-axis moving mechanism 3 is connected to the Z-axis moving mechanism 4, and the Z-axis moving mechanism 4 is connected to the power mechanism, which can drive the power mechanism to move up and down in the vertical direction.

[0041] In this embodiment, in order to ensure motion accuracy, the X-axis moving mechanism 2, Y-axis moving mechanism 3 and Z-axis moving mechanism 4 all adopt screw drive mechanism, with repeatability positioning accuracy of ±0.005μm. Their specific structures are not described in detail here.

[0042] The three-axis linkage mechanism is connected to the industrial control computer 7 via signal line 5 and motion information acquisition card 6. The industrial control computer 7 can control the operation of the three-axis linkage mechanism.

[0043] The bottom end of the spindle 17 is connected to the top end of the tool via a spring collet. Existing equipment can be used for the spring collet, and its specific structure will not be described in detail here. The tool is used to machine a through hole with a diameter of 1.2 mm.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the cutting tool includes a grinding rod 16, the top end of which is fixed to a spring collet, and a tool electrode is coaxially disposed at the bottom end of the grinding rod 16, the top end of which is fixed to the bottom end of the grinding rod 16.

[0045] The diameter of the grinding rod 16 is larger than the diameter of the tool electrode. The tool electrode can be used for electrolytic machining, and the grinding rod 16 can be used for grinding.

[0046] The outer circumferential surface of the grinding rod 16 is provided with an insulating abrasive layer, which includes an adhesive layer 19 made of insulating material. Multiple diamond abrasive grains 20 are embedded in the adhesive layer 19, and the embedded diamond abrasive grains are 800-1200 mesh.

[0047] The adhesive layer 19 uses a C-SiC binary adhesive, which can both embed diamond abrasive grains 20 and insulate the upper end of the tool electrode sidewall, reducing the secondary electrolysis of the tool electrode sidewall on the electrolytically ground surface. At the same time, the insulating abrasive grain layer on the outer side of the grinding rod can better control the uniform distribution of current density in the bottom processing area, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the flow field and electric field.

[0048] The C-SiC binary binder can be made from existing materials, such as the binary binder material described in the literature "Preparation and Performance Study of Cf / C-SiC Composite Materials Based on Novel Binary Binders".

[0049] It is understood that those skilled in the art may also choose other adhesive materials that meet the requirements.

[0050] A chamfered transition section is provided between the tool electrode and the grinding rod 16. In this embodiment, a 45° chamfered transition section is used. The outer surface of the chamfered transition section is coated with an insulating coating to further prevent secondary electrolysis. The insulating coating uses an existing composite coating material of vanadium alloy and erbium oxide (V-alloy / Er2O3), such as the insulating composite coating material described in the literature "Research on Li / V clad MHD insulating coating: present and prospect".

[0051] It is understood that those skilled in the art may also choose other insulating materials to form the insulating coating, which will not be described in detail here.

[0052] The tool electrode can be the same as the tool electrode structure used in existing electrolytic machining equipment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0053] In this embodiment, the grinding rod 16 and the tool electrode can be integrally formed from the same material.

[0054] The cutting tool adopts a setting of grinding rod 16 and tool electrode. When the cutting tool rotates with the spindle 17 and processes the workpiece, it can perform electrolytic machining using the tool electrode, and at the same time perform grinding machining through the insulating abrasive layer of the grinding rod 16. Electrolytic machining and grinding machining are performed simultaneously, realizing integrated forming machining of electrochemical machining / grinding of the workpiece. It can quickly remove workpiece material while ensuring good repeatability and surface quality. It eliminates the need for precise positioning of the grinding head to the hole, making it suitable for machining micro-holes and groups of holes.

[0055] An electrolyte tank 15 is provided below the cutting tool, and the electrolyte tank 15 is used to hold the electrolyte.

[0056] The electrolyte tank 15 is connected to the lifting part of the lifting platform 12, and can move up and down under the action of the lifting platform 12. The lifting platform 12 is installed on the lathe body 1. In this embodiment, the lifting platform 12 can be an existing device, such as a lead screw lifting mechanism. Those skilled in the art can set it according to actual needs.

[0057] The electrolyte tank 15 is equipped with a workpiece fixing mechanism. The existing workpiece clamp 25 can be used for the workpiece fixing mechanism, and its specific structure will not be described in detail here.

[0058] In order to remove processing heat and electrolytic products in a timely manner, an electrolyte flow channel 22 is provided inside the cutting tool. The electrolyte flow channel 22 is coaxially arranged with the cutting tool. The top end of the electrolyte flow channel 22 extends to the top end of the grinding rod 16, and the bottom end of the electrolyte flow channel 22 extends into the interior of the tool electrode and branches at the bottom end to form multiple branch channels 21. The ends of the branch channels 21 extend to the outer peripheral surface of the tool electrode, and the axis of the branch channels makes an angle of 30° with the axis of the tool electrode.

[0059] In this embodiment, four branch channels 21 are provided, and adjacent branch channels are arranged at 90° intervals along the circumferential direction.

[0060] The top end of the electrolyte flow channel 22 is connected to the outlet end of the pipe 26. The inlet end of the pipe 26 passes through the side wall of the electrolyte tank 15 and extends into the interior of the electrolyte tank 15. The pipe 26 is fixed to the electrolyte tank. The connection method between the top end of the electrolyte flow channel 22 and the pipe 26 can adopt the connection method of existing electrolytic processing equipment, which will not be described in detail here. In this embodiment, the improvement of the electrolyte flow channel 22 is only to set a bifurcated channel 21 at the bottom. With this setting, the electrolyte 13 is ejected from the side of the tool electrode. With this setting, the electrolyte 13 will not be ejected from the bottom of the tool electrode. Because of the corrosion phenomenon of electrolytic processing, gaps will be generated between the workpiece and the tool electrode. Compared with bottom outlet, the pressure of side outlet is much smaller, which can reduce the pressure and make the flow field distribution in the processing area uniform and stable, avoiding the problem of severe corrosion at the bottom of the tool electrode.

[0061] In this embodiment, the aforementioned cutting tool is defined as a type A cutting tool, which is suitable for machining holes with a diameter of not less than 0.8 mm.

[0062] A pump body 27 is installed on the pipeline. The pump body 27 is used to drive the electrolyte 13 in the electrolyte tank 15 into the electrolyte channel 22. A servo valve 28 is installed on the pipeline 26 between the pump body 27 and the electrolyte channel 22 of the cutter. The servo valve 28 is used to control the flow rate and pressure of the electrolyte injected into the electrolyte channel. A filter element is installed on the pipeline 26 between the pump body 27 and the electrolyte tank 15. The filter element is an existing filter 29, which is used to filter the electrolyte 13 entering the electrolyte channel 22.

[0063] The inner surfaces of the electrolyte flow channel 22 and the bifurcation channel 21 are coated with a corrosion-resistant insulating material. Preferably, the inner surfaces of the electrolyte flow channel are coated with an existing composite coating material of vanadium alloy and erbium oxide (V-alloy / Er2O3), such as the insulating composite coating material described in the literature "Research on Li / V cladding MHD insulating coating: present and prospect".

[0064] It is understood that those skilled in the art may also choose other insulating materials to coat the inner surfaces of the electrolyte flow channels and bifurcation channels.

[0065] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the spindle in this embodiment can also mount type B and type C tools via spring collets. The top end of the electrolyte channel of the type B tool extends to the top end of the grinding rod, and the bottom end extends to the bottom end of the tool electrode. It is suitable for machining holes with an electrolyte pressure of no more than 0.5 MPa. The type C tool does not have an electrolyte channel and is suitable for machining holes with a diameter of less than 0.8 mm. By setting three types of tools, it can adapt to different working conditions, increasing the applicability of the machining device and method, and improving the working efficiency under different working conditions.

[0066] The tool electrode is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply via a wire, and the wire connected to the positive terminal of the power supply is used to connect to the workpiece. The method of connecting the power supply to the tool electrode and workpiece via wires can be achieved using existing electrolytic machining equipment technology, and will not be described in detail here.

[0067] In this embodiment, the power supply is a pulsed AC power supply 9 with an AC voltage of 20V, a frequency of 10kHz, and a duty cycle of 50%. The pulsed AC power supply is connected to a current acquisition card 8 via a current sensor 18, and the current acquisition card 8 is connected to an industrial control computer 7. The current sensor 18 can acquire the magnitude of the current output by the pulsed AC power supply 9 and transmit it to the industrial control computer 7 via the current acquisition card 8, thereby controlling the magnitude of the current output by the pulsed AC power supply 9 through the industrial control computer 7.

[0068] The electrolyte 13 contained in the electrolyte tank 15 is a NaNO3 solution with a mass fraction of 10 wt.%.

[0069] like Figure 5As shown, one side wall of the electrolyte tank 15 is connected to an ultrasonic vibration mechanism. The ultrasonic vibration mechanism can apply ultrasonic vibration to the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank, thereby achieving the purpose of applying ultrasonic vibration to the processing area.

[0070] The ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes an ultrasonic generator 11, which is connected to multiple ultrasonic transducers 23. The multiple ultrasonic transducers 23 are arranged in an array within a square area, and the distance between adjacent ultrasonic transducers 23 is equal, ranging from 5cm to 10cm.

[0071] The square area is located on the outer side of the sidewall of the electrolyte tank 15. Multiple ultrasonic transducers 23 are fixed to the outer side of the sidewall of the electrolyte tank, and the multiple ultrasonic transducers 23 are located in the internal cavity of a housing, which is fixed to the outer side of the sidewall of the electrolyte tank 15.

[0072] The inner side surface of the sidewall of the electrolyte tank 15 is an arc-shaped surface. The thickness of the sidewall gradually decreases from the top and bottom to the middle, exhibiting a power-law distribution of X^2. The thickness in the middle should be 1 / 20 to 1 / 40 of the thickness at the edge. This arrangement allows ultrasonic vibration to concentrate at the thinner middle section, which improves the stability, uniformity, and intensity of the ultrasonic field acting on the processing area, thus ensuring the effectiveness of ultrasonic vibration.

[0073] The ultrasonic generator 11 is connected to the ultrasonic power supply 10. By setting the vibration amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 23, the emitted ultrasonic waves 24 can disturb the electrolyte 13 in the electrolyte tank 15, thereby improving the circulation effect of the electrolyte 13. The structure is simple and solves the problems of complex structure, high ultrasonic vibration power, high energy consumption, small amplitude and high processing cost caused by ultrasonic vibration of tool electrodes.

[0074] By applying ultrasonic vibration to the electrolyte 13, the electrolyte 13 can flow fully under the cavitation effect and enhanced mass transfer effect of ultrasonic vibration, which can promptly remove the electrolysis products 30 or the evolved gas, and at the same time optimize the gap flow field and gap electric field.

[0075] One processing implementation method of this embodiment:

[0076] like Figure 6As shown, to machine a hole with a diameter of 1.2 mm, first fix the top of the grinding rod 16 of the type A tool to the spindle 17 through a spring collet. Then, place the workpiece 14 horizontally in the electrolyte tank 15 and fix it using the workpiece fixing mechanism. Adjust the lifting platform 12 so that the electrolyte tank 15 is at the required height. Add electrolyte 13 to the electrolyte tank 15. The electrolyte 13 is a NaNO3 solution with a mass fraction of 10 wt.%. Connect the positive terminal of the pulse AC power supply 9 to the workpiece 14 through a wire. The workpiece 14 serves as the anode. Connect the negative terminal of the pulse AC power supply 9 to the tool electrode through a wire. The tool electrode serves as the cathode. Adjust the servo valve 28 so that the supply pressure of the pump body 27 to the electrolyte flow channel 22 is 0.6 MPa.

[0077] The industrial control computer 7 controls the three-axis linkage mechanism to work, so that the tool electrode slowly approaches the upper surface of the workpiece 14 to achieve the tool setting operation. The tool electrode is then moved upward by a set distance using the Z-axis moving mechanism 4 to leave a machining gap.

[0078] Set the power parameters of the pulse AC power supply 9, control the spindle 17 to rotate, turn on the ultrasonic power supply 10, and use the ultrasonic generator 11 to make the ultrasonic transducer 23 emit ultrasonic waves 24 to apply an ultrasonic field to the processing area at a frequency of 20kHz. At the same time, turn on the pump body 27, which drives the electrolyte 13 in the electrolyte tank 15 into the electrolyte flow channel 22 and out through the bifurcation channel 21.

[0079] The industrial control computer 7 controls the Z-axis moving mechanism 4 to drive the tool to feed downward. First, the tool electrode is used to electrolytically process the hole. Then, the diamond abrasive grains 20 of the grinding rod 16 are used to grind the electrolytically processed hole until the grinding rod 16 has completely ground the hole surface processed by the tool electrode, thus realizing the integrated electrolytic grinding of the through hole to be processed.

[0080] During the processing, the electrolytic products generated are discharged from the electrolyte 13 ejected from the branch channel 21.

[0081] After the integrated machining is completed, the spindle speed is reduced, and the spindle 17 is fed upward by the Z-axis moving mechanism 4 to leave an initial machining clearance.

[0082] Then, according to the pre-compiled CNC program, the tool moves in the horizontal plane using the X-axis moving mechanism 2 and the Y-axis moving mechanism 3 to reach the next machining position. The same method is used to machine the next through hole to realize the machining of a group of holes.

[0083] After all holes have been machined, the Z-axis moving mechanism 4 is controlled to move upward to the initial position, causing the tool to exit the machining area. The ultrasonic generator 11 and ultrasonic power supply 10 are turned off, and the spindle 17 is controlled to stop rotating, thus completing the machining operation.

[0084] In another processing embodiment of this example, holes with a diameter less than 0.8 mm are processed. Because the diameter of the hole being processed is small, a C-type tool is selected, and the pump body is not in operation. The processing method is the same as the steps in the first processing embodiment described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0085] Using the processing apparatus of this embodiment, electrolysis and grinding are integrated into one process. At the same time, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the electrolyte 13 for auxiliary processing. Ultimately, the processing accuracy of small holes (0.5-3mm holes) can reach ±0.02mm, and the surface roughness is better than Ra 0.5μm.

[0086] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device, comprising a spindle connected to a power mechanism, and a cutting tool fixed at the end of the spindle, characterized in that, The cutting tool includes a grinding rod connected to a spindle. The outer surface of the grinding rod is covered with an insulating abrasive layer. A tool electrode is coaxially mounted at the bottom end of the grinding rod, with a diameter smaller than that of the grinding rod. A chamfered transition section is provided between the tool electrode and the grinding rod, and the outer surface of the chamfered transition section is coated with an insulating layer. The tool electrode is connected to the negative terminal of a power supply via a wire. The positive terminal of the power supply is used to connect the workpiece via a wire. An electrolyte tank is located below the cutting tool, and a workpiece fixing mechanism is installed inside the electrolyte tank. One sidewall of the electrolyte tank is connected to an ultrasonic vibration mechanism to apply ultrasonic vibration to the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank; the ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes an ultrasonic generator, which is connected to an ultrasonic transducer, which is installed on the outer sidewall of the electrolyte tank; the inner sidewall of the electrolyte tank used to install the ultrasonic transducer is an arc-shaped surface, and its thickness gradually decreases from the bottom end to the top end and then to the middle.

2. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple ultrasonic transducers are installed, and the multiple ultrasonic transducers are attached to the outer side of the side wall of the electrolyte tank. The thickness of the sidewall used to set the middle position of the ultrasonic transducer is 1 / 20 to 1 / 40 of the thickness of the top and bottom positions.

3. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating abrasive layer includes an insulating layer coated on the outer surface of the grinding rod. The insulating layer is an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer is embedded with multiple diamond abrasive grains. The adhesive layer uses a C-SiC binary adhesive.

4. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting tool has an electrolyte flow channel inside, with the top end of the electrolyte flow channel extending to the top end of the grinding rod and the bottom end extending into the tool electrode. The bottom end of the electrolyte flow channel branches into multiple branch channels, which extend to the outer peripheral surface of the tool electrode. Alternatively, the bottom end of the electrolyte flow channel extends to the bottom end of the tool electrode. The top end of the electrolyte flow channel is connected to one end of a pipe, and the other end of the pipe extends into the electrolyte tank. A pump body is installed in the pipe.

5. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A servo valve is installed on the pipe between the pump body and the top of the electrolyte flow channel, and a filter element is installed on the pipe between the pump body and the electrolyte tank.

6. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The inner surface of the electrolyte flow channel is coated with an insulating material.

7. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power mechanism is connected to the three-axis linkage mechanism to drive the power mechanism and the cutting tool to move according to the set machining trajectory. The three-axis linkage mechanism is installed on the machine tool body.

8. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic grinding synchronous through-hole machining device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolyte tank is installed on a lifting platform, which is fixed to the machine tool body.

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