Nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic parts and installation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic parts and an installation method, belonging to the technical field of railway fastener systems. The present invention includes a lower iron pad, an upper iron pad, a first prestressed elastic part, a second prestressed elastic part, and a spike. The lower iron pad is provided with a first shoulder at both ends along the length direction of the sleeper; the upper iron pad is provided with a second shoulder at both ends along the length direction of the sleeper; the first prestressed elastic part is abutted between the first shoulder and the second shoulder; the second prestressed elastic part is abutted between the second shoulder and the bottom side of the rail. The present invention prevents the lateral movement of the rails, ensures the gauge between two adjacent rails, significantly reduces or eliminates the corrugation, vibration, and noise on the top surface of the rails caused by the lateral movement of the rails and fasteners, improves the stability of the rails, prevents train derailment accidents caused by gauge changes, increases the service life of the rails and fasteners, and reduces maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway fastener systems, and in particular to a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic parts and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In railway fastening systems, lateral movement of the fasteners and rails is primarily prevented by lateral friction between the fastener components and / or between the components and the sleeper rail grooves. Due to manufacturing variations in sleeper and fastener components, as well as unavoidable errors during installation, gaps exist between the rails, fasteners, and sleeper rail surfaces when a train passes, resulting in poor track gauge retention. Lateral friction between components weakens the fastener's lateral control, causing lateral movement of the rails and fasteners, resulting in track corrugation, noise, and vibration.

[0003] In order to reduce the geometric size deviations of parts or sleeper bearing surfaces during the manufacturing and installation process, in addition to improving the processing and installation accuracy of rails, fasteners and sleepers, it is also possible to increase the elastic force of spring bars or non-metallic elastic support blocks on the rail waist by selecting high-quality materials or improving the processing technology level, so as to increase the resistance to the lateral movement of the rail or increase the positive pressure on the rail bottom and rail pad or fastener parts and sleeper bearing surface; even if the above measures are adopted, there is still the problem that the lateral gap between the fastener parts and the sleeper cannot be eliminated, resulting in the inability to eliminate or reduce vibration, noise and corrugation on the top surface of the rail; the service life of rails, fastener parts and sleepers is greatly shortened due to wear, friction, impact, etc., resulting in a significant increase in maintenance costs, reduced riding comfort for passengers on buses, and an increased probability of potential operational accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system and installation method with prestressed elastic parts, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that there is a lateral gap between the fastener and the rail, causing lateral movement of the rail.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives and other related objectives, the present invention provides a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member, which is specifically configured as follows: it includes a lower iron plate, which is arranged on the sleeper and has a first shoulder at both ends along the length direction of the sleeper; an upper iron plate, which is arranged on the lower iron plate and has a second shoulder at both ends along the length direction of the sleeper; a first prestressed elastic member, which is arranged on the lower iron plate and abuts between the first shoulder and the second shoulder, and is used to laterally press the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate; a second prestressed elastic member, which is arranged on the upper iron plate and abuts between the second shoulder and the side surface of the bottom of the rail, and is used to laterally press the upper iron plate and the bottom of the rail; a rail spike, which passes through the second prestressed elastic member, the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate and is connected to the sleeper, and the head of the rail spike presses the second prestressed elastic member onto the upper iron plate.

[0006] Optionally, the first prestressed elastic member is abutted against the second shoulder by a first inclined surface, and the first prestressed elastic member applies an upward force to the second shoulder through the first inclined surface, providing upward elastic support for the upper iron pad; the second prestressed elastic member is abutted against the second shoulder by a second inclined surface, and the second prestressed elastic member applies a downward force to the second shoulder through the second inclined surface, pressing the upper iron pad downward.

[0007] Optionally, the first prestressed elastic member and the second prestressed elastic member both include an elastomer, an elastic element that can be compressed and deformed, and generates anti-compression resistance when compressed; a constraint body, used to prevent the elastic body from recovering and keep the elastic body in a specified compression state; a locking component, used to lock the constraint body to constrain the elastomer; the elastomer is pre-compressed to a specified state and is maintained in the specified state by the constraint body, and when the constraint of the elastomer is released, the elastomer has a tendency to recover.

[0008] Optionally, the restraining body includes a first restraining component and a second restraining component that are detachably connected, and the first restraining component and the second restraining component are close to or separated along the length direction of the sleeper. When the first restraining component and the second restraining component are unlocked, the movement direction of the elastic body is restored along the length direction of the sleeper; and the first restraining component and the second restraining component are provided with connecting parts connected to the locking component at both ends along the length direction of the rail.

[0009] Optionally, a transverse notch is provided on the first restraining part of the second prestressed elastic part, the open end of the notch faces the second restraining part of the second prestressed elastic part, and the spike passes through the notch. When the restraint of the elastic body of the second prestressed elastic part is released, the restoring elastic force of the elastic body causes the first restraining part to press tightly between the head of the spike and the upper iron plate.

[0010] Optionally, the fastener system further includes an eccentric sleeve, which is mounted on the spike, and a relief opening is provided at the lower portion of the constraint body of the second prestressed elastic member, and the upper end of the eccentric sleeve passes through the relief opening and abuts against the elastic body of the second prestressed elastic member.

[0011] Optionally, there is a gap between the spike and the upper iron plate, the eccentric sleeve is arranged in the gap, and is laterally pressed against the spike and the upper iron plate respectively, and the outer wall of the eccentric sleeve is matched with the upper iron plate through a conical surface with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion.

[0012] Optionally, a first elastic support plate is provided between the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate, the spike passes through the upper iron plate, the first elastic support plate and the lower iron plate in sequence, and an accommodating space is provided between the upper iron plate, the first elastic support plate and the lower iron plate, the eccentric sleeve is provided in the accommodating space, and is laterally pressed against the spike and the lower iron plate, and the outer wall of the eccentric sleeve is matched with the lower iron plate through a conical surface with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion.

[0013] Optionally, the fastener system further comprises a gauge block and an elastic bar, wherein the gauge block at least abuts against the side surface of the rail bottom, and the elastic bar presses the gauge block against the upper surface of the rail bottom; the gauge block can be extended into the constraint body.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for installing a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member, the installation comprising:

[0015] Place the lower iron plate on the sleeper;

[0016] placing the upper iron plate on the lower iron plate;

[0017] Placing a first prestressed elastic member between the first shoulder of the lower iron plate and the second shoulder of the upper iron plate;

[0018] placing the rails on the upper iron plate;

[0019] placing a second prestressed elastic member between the rail bottom side surface of the rail and the second shoulder;

[0020] Passing the spike through the second prestressed elastic member, the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate in sequence and then connecting them to the sleeper, and pressing the second prestressed elastic member tightly against the upper iron plate;

[0021] The constraints of the first prestressed elastic member and the second prestressed elastic member are released to fix the rail on the sleeper.

[0022] As described above, the nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] By arranging a first prestressed elastic member between the first shoulder and the second shoulder, the lateral gap between the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate is eliminated; by arranging a second prestressed elastic member between the second shoulder and the rail bottom side of the rail, the lateral gap between the upper iron plate and the rail is eliminated, the rail is prevented from lateral movement, the gauge between two adjacent rails is guaranteed, and the corrugation, vibration and noise on the top surface of the rail caused by the lateral movement of the rail and the fastener are significantly reduced or eliminated, the stability of the rail is improved, the train derailment accident caused by the change of the gauge is prevented, the service life of the rail and the fastener is increased, and the maintenance cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 2 Display as Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of local A;

[0026] Figure 3 Display as Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top view structure;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 7 Display as Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of local B;

[0031] Figure 8A schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 10 Display as Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the local C;

[0034] Figure 11 A schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 12 Display as Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the local structure of D.

[0036] Part Number Description

[0037] 1-rail; 11-rail bottom; 12-rail pad;

[0038] 2-Sleepers;

[0039] 3-lower iron plate; 31-first shoulder; 32-second elastic support plate;

[0040] 4-upper iron plate; 41-second shoulder; 42-first inclined surface; 43-second inclined surface; 44-first elastic support plate; 45-gauge boss;

[0041] 5-first prestressed elastic member; 51-elastic body A; 52-constraint body A; 521-first constraining component A; 522-second constraining component A; 53-locking component A;

[0042] 6-second prestressed elastic member; 61-elastic body B; 62-constraint body B; 621-first constraining component B; 6211-notch; 622-second constraining component B; 63-locking component B; 64-groove; 65-protrusion;

[0043] 7-railway spike; 71-embedded casing;

[0044] 8-eccentric sleeve;

[0045] 9-gauge block;

[0046] 10-Elastic bar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that the diagrams provided in this embodiment are only for the purpose of illustrating the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the diagrams only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. The form, quantity and proportion of each component in actual implementation can be changed at will, and the component layout form may also be more complex. The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the content disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read. They are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose of the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be considered as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0049] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, some embodiments of the present application provide a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member, which is used to fix the rail 1 on the sleeper 2, including a lower iron plate 3, an upper iron plate 4, a first prestressed elastic member 5, a second prestressed elastic member 6 and a spike 7. The lower iron plate 3 is mounted on the sleeper 2, and a first shoulder 31 is provided at both ends along the length direction of the sleeper 2. The upper iron plate 4 is mounted on the lower iron plate 3, and a second shoulder 41 is provided at both ends along the length direction of the sleeper 2. The first prestressed elastic member 5 is mounted on the lower iron plate 3 and pressed against the first shoulder 31 and the second shoulder 41, and is used to laterally press the upper iron plate 4 and the lower iron plate 3 to eliminate the lateral gap between the upper iron plate 4 and the lower iron plate 3. The second prestressed elastic member 6 is mounted on the upper iron pad 4 and is pressed against the side of the rail base 11 of the rail 1 between the second shoulder 41 and the rail 1. It is used to laterally compress the upper iron pad 4 and the rail base 11 to eliminate the lateral gap between the upper iron pad 4 and the rail 1. The spike 7 passes through the second prestressed elastic member 6, the upper iron pad 4, and the lower iron pad 3 and is connected to the sleeper 2, so that the second prestressed elastic member 6, the upper iron pad 4, and the lower iron pad 3 are connected to the sleeper 2 through the spike 7. The head of the spike 7 presses the second prestressed elastic member 6 against the upper iron pad 4. This arrangement prevents lateral movement of the rail 1, ensures the gauge between adjacent rails 1, significantly reduces or eliminates the corrugation, vibration, and noise on the top surface of the rail 1 caused by lateral movement of the rail 1 and the fastener, improves the stability of the rail 1, prevents train derailment accidents caused by gauge changes, increases the service life of the rail 1 and the fastener, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0050] In some embodiments, the first prestressed elastic member 5 and the second prestressed elastic member 6 both include an elastomer, a constraint body and a locking component. The elastomer is an elastic element that can be compressed and deformed, and generates anti-compression resistance when compressed; the constraint body is assembled and connected to the elastomer to prevent the elastic body from recovering from compression deformation and to keep the elastomer in a specified compression state; the locking component is assembled and connected to the constraint body to lock the constraint body by external force to constrain the elastomer.

[0051] The elastic body is pre-compressed to a specified state and maintained in that state by a restraining member. Once the first and second prestressed elastic members 5 and 6 are in place, the locking member is released, releasing the restraint on the elastic body. The elastic body then exhibits a tendency to recover, generating a restoring force in the opposite direction of compression. This restoring force presses the restraining member against the contacting side. The specified state refers to the elastic body being compressed to a desired anti-compression resistance or thickness.

[0052] A first prestressed elastic member 5 is provided between the first shoulder 31 and the second shoulder 41 to laterally compress the upper iron plate 4 and the lower iron plate 3, thereby eliminating the lateral gap between the lower iron plate 3 and the upper iron plate 4. A second prestressed elastic member 6 is provided between the second shoulder 41 and the side of the rail bottom 11 of the rail 1 to laterally compress the upper iron plate 4 and the rail bottom 11, thereby eliminating the lateral gap between the upper iron plate 4 and the rail 1. This prevents the rail 1 from moving laterally and significantly reduces or eliminates the corrugation, vibration, and noise on the top surface of the rail 1 caused by the lateral movement of the rail 1 and the fasteners, thereby increasing the service life of the rail 1 and the fasteners and reducing maintenance costs. By uniformly prefabricating the first prestressed elastic member 5 and the second prestressed elastic member 6 to provide lateral elastic support, it is ensured that the lateral force on the rail 1 at different nodes of the sleeper 2 is consistent, making the prestressed elastic member suitable for straight sections, curved sections, ramp sections, or other special sections of the track line.

[0053] It should be noted that the first prestressed elastic member 5 and the second prestressed elastic member 6 are both prefabricated integrated parts. Before use, the compressed elastomer and the constraint body are assembled together to form an integrated part. Among them, the constraint body and the locking component constrain the compressed elastomer to the preset requirements and maintain this state through the locking component. When in use, the prestressed elastic member is placed between the compressed objects to be supported. Then, by applying external force to operate the locking component, the constraint of the constraint body on the elastomer is released, and by adjusting the tightness of the locking component on the constraint body, the anti-compression resistance of the elastomer is adjusted. The anti-compression resistance of the elastomer acts on the two compressed objects to be assembled in directions that deviate from each other, thereby achieving anti-loosening or support and shock absorption between the two parts.

[0054] Because the physical properties, such as the elastic support force or height value, of the prestressed elastic member configured in each rail node fastener can be manufactured to be identical or customized to meet different elastic support force or height values ​​before the product leaves the factory, the prestressed elastic member can achieve consistency in physical properties, such as elastic support force or height value, or meet specific design requirements, thereby avoiding or reducing the situation where the physical properties, such as elastic force or height value, do not meet the installation accuracy requirements during assembly. Furthermore, installation is convenient, and there is no need to rely on experience or use robots or manipulators to determine the tightness of the screw threads of the track spike 7, eliminating errors during the installation process and significantly reducing installation technical requirements and labor intensity. The friction power consumption factor between parts is not considered during the design, which reduces installation and commissioning time, and reduces the design, manufacturing, testing, installation, and maintenance costs of the structural system.

[0055] In some embodiments, the restraint body includes a first restraint component and a second restraint component that are detachably connected, so as to facilitate installation of the elastic body and compression and release of the elastic body.

[0056] Specifically, the first constraint component and the second constraint component approach or separate along the length direction of the sleeper 2. When the first constraint component and the second constraint component are unlocked, the movement direction of the elastic body is restored along the length direction of the sleeper 2, so that the first prestressed elastic component 5 is pressed against the first shoulder 31 and the second shoulder 41, eliminating the lateral gap between the upper iron plate 4 and the lower iron plate 3; the second prestressed elastic component 6 is pressed against the second shoulder 41 and the side of the rail bottom 11 of the rail 1, eliminating the lateral gap between the upper iron plate 4 and the rail 1 to prevent lateral movement of the rail 1.

[0057] In some embodiments, the first constraint component and the second constraint component are provided with connecting parts connected to the locking component at both ends along the length direction of the rail 1, so as to facilitate the placement of the prefabricated first prestressed elastic component 5 between the first shoulder 31 and the second shoulder 41. After the prefabricated second prestressed elastic component 6 is placed between the second shoulder 41 and the side of the rail bottom 11 of the rail 1, the locking component of the locking constraint body is unlocked to release the constraint of the constraint body and the locking component on the elastic body, eliminate the lateral gap between the upper iron pad 4 and the lower iron pad 3, and eliminate the lateral gap between the upper iron pad 4 and the rail 1, thereby preventing the lateral movement of the rail 1.

[0058] In some embodiments, the locking component can be configured as a screw, a screw and a nut, or the like.

[0059] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 FIG is a schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 、 Figure 5 It can be seen that in some embodiments, the first and second restraining components are connected to form a cavity, and the compressed elastic member is placed in the cavity. The locking component continuously reduces the distance between the first and second restraining components, causing the elastic member to be continuously compressed, generating a counter-compression resistance force. Until the counter-compression resistance of the elastic member reaches a predetermined elastic support force, the locking component stops operating and no longer reduces the distance between the first and second restraining components. At this point, the prestressed elastic member meets the predetermined requirements.

[0060] It should be noted that the shape of the cavity can be any shape, such as square, hexagonal, irregular, etc., and can be set as needed. The elastic body can be set to any shape that can be placed in the cavity.

[0061] In some embodiments, the elastic body may be configured as a spring or a non-metallic elastic body, and the non-metallic elastic body may be configured as rubber or the like.

[0062] Exemplarily, the constraint body of the first prestressed elastic part 5 is the constraint body A52, and the constraint body of the second prestressed elastic part 6 is the constraint body B62; the first constraint component of the first prestressed elastic part 5 is the first constraint component A521, and the first constraint component of the second prestressed elastic part 6 is the first constraint component B; the second constraint component of the first prestressed elastic part 5 is the second constraint component A522, and the second constraint component of the second prestressed elastic part 6 is the second constraint component B622; the elastomer of the first prestressed elastic part 5 is the elastomer A51, and the elastomer of the second prestressed elastic part 6 is the elastomer B61; the locking component of the first prestressed elastic part 5 is the locking component A53, and the locking component of the second prestressed elastic part 6 is the locking component B63.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first prestressed elastic member 5 abuts the second shoulder 41 via a first inclined surface 42. The first prestressed elastic member 5 applies an upward force to the second shoulder 41 via the first inclined surface 42, thereby applying an upward force to the upper iron plate 4, thereby providing upward elastic support for the upper iron plate 4. This arrangement allows the first prestressed elastic member 5 to provide shock absorption for the upper iron plate 4 when the train travels on the rail 1, thereby increasing the service life of the upper iron plate 4 and reducing maintenance costs.

[0064] It should be noted that the upward force exerted by the first prestressed elastic member 5 on the second shoulder 41 via the first inclined surface 42 can be decomposed into a vertical upward force and a transverse force along the length of the sleeper. The vertical upward force causes the first prestressed elastic member 5 to provide vertical upward elastic support force on the upper iron plate 4, while the transverse force causes the first prestressed elastic member 5 to press laterally against the upper iron plate 4.

[0065] In some embodiments, the second prestressed elastic member 6 abuts the second shoulder 41 via a second inclined surface 43. The second prestressed elastic member 6 applies a downward force to the second shoulder 41 via the second inclined surface 43, thereby applying a downward force to the upper iron plate 4, thereby pressing the upper iron plate 4 downward. This arrangement reduces the upward bounce of the upper iron plate 4 when the train travels on the rail 1, thereby increasing the service life of the upper iron plate 4 and reducing maintenance costs.

[0066] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The schematic structure diagram of local B, Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A top view schematic structural diagram. Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8It can be seen that in some embodiments, a transverse notch 6211 is provided on the first restraining component (i.e., first restraining component B) of the second prestressed elastic member 6. The open end of the notch 6211 faces the second restraining component (i.e., second restraining component B622) of the second prestressed elastic member 6, and the other end of the notch 6211 facing away from the open end does not penetrate the first restraining component B. When the restraint of the elastic body (i.e., elastic body B61) of the second prestressed elastic member 6 is released, the restoring elastic force of the elastic body B61 causes the first restraining component B to deform or stretch vertically along the notch 6211.

[0067] In some embodiments, the spike 7 passes vertically through the notch 6211 . When the constraint of the elastic body B61 is released, the restoring elastic force of the elastic body B61 causes the first constraint component to deform or stretch vertically to press tightly between the head of the spike 7 and the upper iron plate 4 .

[0068] Exemplarily, the first restraining component B abuts against the side surface of the second shoulder 41 , and the second restraining component B622 abuts against the side surface of the rail bottom 11 .

[0069] In some embodiments, to prevent the elastic body B61 from releasing its counter-compression resistance through the notch 6211 when the elastic body B61 is compressed, one of the first and second restraining components B622 is provided with a groove 64, and the other is provided with a protrusion 65 that cooperates with the groove 64. When the first and second restraining components B622 are laterally locked together by the locking component B63, the protrusion 65 is located within the groove 64, constraining the notch 6211. When the locking component B63 releases the constraint on the elastic body B61, the first and second restraining components B622 separate laterally, and the protrusion 65 exits the groove 64. The first restraining component B is able to deform or stretch vertically along the notch 6211, vertically tightening the head of the spike 7 against the upper iron plate 4.

[0070] In some other embodiments, the notch 6211 is provided with fastening components, such as locks, along the length direction of the rail 1 to fasten the notch 6211 vertically to prevent the elastic body B61 from releasing the anti-compression resistance through the notch 6211.

[0071] In some embodiments, the eccentric sleeve 8 is mounted on the railroad spike 7. The lower portion of the constraint body of the second prestressed elastic member 6 is provided with a relief opening. The upper end of the eccentric sleeve 8 passes through the relief opening and abuts against the elastic body B61. When the constraint of the elastic body B61 is released, the elastic body B61 exerts a downward force on the eccentric sleeve 8, pressing the eccentric sleeve 8 downward. At the same time, the elastic body B61 ensures that the external thread of the shank of the railroad spike 7 and the internal thread of the embedded sleeve 71 embedded in the sleeper 2 fit tightly together, preventing a gap between the two threads. This could cause the railroad spike 7 to rotationally loosen from the embedded sleeve 71 when subjected to vertical vibrations transmitted from the rail 1.

[0072] Exemplarily, the avoidance opening is opened on the first restraint component B.

[0073] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 10 yes Figure 9 The schematic structure diagram of the local C. Figure 9 、 Figure 10 It can be seen that in some embodiments, a gap is provided between the railroad spike 7 and the upper iron plate 4, and the eccentric sleeve 8 is provided in the gap and is laterally pressed against the railroad spike 7 and the upper iron plate 4, respectively, to eliminate the lateral gap between the railroad spike 7 and the upper iron plate 4, thereby avoiding lateral displacement of the upper iron plate 4 and causing lateral displacement of the rail 1.

[0074] Exemplarily, the outer wall of the eccentric sleeve 8 is matched with the upper iron pad 4 through a conical surface with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion. When the constraint of the elastomer B61 is released, the elastomer B61 exerts a downward force on the eccentric sleeve 8, pressing the eccentric sleeve 8 downward so that it is laterally pressed against the spike 7 and the upper iron pad 4, respectively, eliminating the lateral gap between the spike 7 and the upper iron pad 4, avoiding lateral displacement of the upper iron pad 4, and causing lateral displacement of the rail 1.

[0075] Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 12 yes Figure 11 The schematic structure diagram of the local D. Figure 11 、 Figure 12 It can be seen that in some embodiments, in order to improve the consistency of the support force of the upper iron pad 4 in the vertical direction and achieve a better shock-absorbing effect, a first elastic support pad 44 is provided between the upper iron pad 4 and the lower iron pad 3, and the spike 7 passes through the upper iron pad 4, the first elastic support pad 44 and the lower iron pad 3 in sequence, and an accommodating space is provided between the upper iron pad 4, the first elastic support pad 44 and the lower iron pad 3. The eccentric sleeve 8 is provided in the accommodating space and is laterally pressed against the spike 7 and the lower iron pad 3 to eliminate the lateral gap between the spike 7 and the lower iron pad 3, thereby avoiding lateral displacement of the lower iron pad 3 and causing lateral displacement of the rail 1.

[0076] Exemplarily, the outer wall of the eccentric sleeve 8 is matched with the lower iron plate 3 through a conical surface with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion. When the constraint of the elastomer B61 is released, the elastomer B61 exerts a downward force on the eccentric sleeve 8, pressing the eccentric sleeve 8 downward so that it is laterally pressed against the spike 7 and the lower iron plate 3 respectively, eliminating the lateral gap between the spike 7 and the lower iron plate 3, avoiding lateral displacement of the lower iron plate 3, and causing lateral displacement of the rail 1.

[0077] For example, the material of the first elastic support pad 44 can be set to be a rubber plate or a polyurethane plate.

[0078] In some embodiments, the upper iron plate 4 is provided with a gauge boss 45, the gauge block 9 abuts between the side of the rail bottom 11 and the gauge boss 45, and the spring bar is connected to the gauge boss 45 and presses the gauge block 9 against the upper surface of the rail bottom 11, thereby pressing the rail 1 against the upper iron plate 4.

[0079] In some other embodiments, the spring bar is connected to the sleeper 2 via screws.

[0080] In some embodiments, the gauge block 9 can be extended into a restraining body, so that the restraining member is pressed against the upper surface of the rail bottom 11 , pressing the rail 1 downward onto the upper iron plate 4 .

[0081] In some embodiments, in order to improve the consistency of the support force of the rail 1 in the vertical direction and achieve better shock absorption effect, a rail pad 12 is provided between the rail 1 and the upper iron pad 4, that is, the rail 1 is supported on the upper iron pad 4 through the rail pad 12.

[0082] For example, the material of the rail pad 12 can be set to be a rubber plate or a polyurethane plate.

[0083] In some embodiments, in order to improve the consistency of the support force of the lower iron plate 3 in the vertical direction and achieve better shock absorption effect, a second elastic support plate 32 is provided between the lower iron plate 3 and the sleeper 2, that is, the lower iron plate 3 is supported on the sleeper 2 through the second elastic support plate 32.

[0084] For example, the material of the second elastic support pad 32 can be set to be a rubber plate or a polyurethane plate.

[0085] In summary, the present invention provides a nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with a prestressed elastic part, which eliminates the lateral gap between the upper iron pad and the lower iron pad by arranging a first prestressed elastic part between the first shoulder and the second shoulder; and eliminates the lateral gap between the upper iron pad and the rail by arranging a second prestressed elastic part between the second shoulder and the bottom side of the rail, thereby preventing the rail from moving laterally and ensuring the gauge between two adjacent rails. It significantly reduces or eliminates the corrugation, vibration and noise on the top surface of the rail caused by the lateral movement of the rail and the fastener, improves the stability of the rail, prevents train derailment accidents caused by gauge changes, increases the service life of the rail and the fastener, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0086] The present invention further provides a method for installing a double-plate fastener system with a prestressed elastic member. The method includes at least steps S110 to S170, which are described in detail as follows:

[0087] Step S110 , placing the lower iron plate 3 on the sleeper 2 .

[0088] Before installing the lower iron pad 3, a second elastic support pad 32 needs to be laid in the middle position of the sleeper 2, and then the lower iron pad 3 is installed on the sleeper 2 to improve the consistency of the support force of the lower iron pad 3 in the vertical direction and better shock absorption effect.

[0089] Step S120 , placing the upper iron plate 4 on the lower iron plate 3 .

[0090] Before installing the upper iron pad 4, a first elastic support pad 44 needs to be laid on the lower iron pad 3, and then the upper iron pad 4 is installed on the lower iron pad 3 to improve the consistency of the support force of the upper iron pad 4 in the vertical direction and better shock absorption effect.

[0091] Step S130 : placing the first prestressed elastic member 5 between the first shoulder 31 of the lower iron backing plate 3 and the second shoulder 41 of the upper iron backing plate 4 .

[0092] The prefabricated first prestressed elastic member 5 is placed between the first shoulder 31 of the lower iron plate 3 and the second shoulder 41 of the upper iron plate 4. At this time, the elastic body A51 of the first prestressed elastic member 5 is in a constrained state, that is, the first prestressed elastic member 5 is in a locked state.

[0093] Step S140: placing the rail 1 on the upper iron plate 4.

[0094] Before installing the rail 1, a rail bottom plate 12 needs to be laid on the upper iron plate 4, and then the rail 1 is installed on the upper iron plate 4 to improve the consistency of the support force of the rail 1 in the vertical direction and better shock absorption effect.

[0095] Step S150 : placing the second prestressed elastic member 6 between the side surface of the rail bottom 11 of the rail 1 and the second shoulder 41 .

[0096] The prefabricated second prestressed elastic member 6 is placed between the side of the rail bottom 11 of the rail 1 and the second shoulder 41. At this time, the elastic body B61 of the second prestressed elastic member 6 is in a constrained state, that is, the second prestressed elastic member 6 is in a locked state.

[0097] Step S160 , the spike 7 is passed through the second prestressed elastic member 6 , the upper iron plate 4 and the lower iron plate 3 in sequence and then connected to the sleeper 2 , and the second prestressed elastic member 6 is pressed tightly against the upper iron plate 4 .

[0098] The second prestressed elastic member 6, the upper iron plate 4 and the lower iron plate 3 are provided with through mounting holes, through which the spikes 7 are connected to the sleepers 2. As the spikes 7 rotate downward, the heads of the spikes 7 press the second prestressed elastic member 6 against the upper iron plate 4.

[0099] Step S170 , releasing the constraints of the first prestressed elastic member 5 and the second prestressed elastic member 6 to fix the rail 1 on the sleeper 2 .

[0100] Release the locking component A53 from the elastic body A51, so that the first prestressed elastic member 5 has a transverse elastic force, eliminating the transverse gap between the upper iron plate 4 and the lower iron plate 3. Release the locking component B63 from the elastic body B61, so that the second prestressed elastic member 6 has a transverse elastic force, eliminating the transverse gap between the upper iron plate 4 and the rail 1, thereby fixing the rail 1 on the sleeper 2 and preventing the rail 1 from lateral displacement.

[0101] In one embodiment of the present invention, before step S150 , placing the second prestressed elastic member 6 between the side surface of the rail bottom 11 of the rail 1 and the second shoulder 41 , may include step S151 .

[0102] Step 151, placing the eccentric sleeve 8.

[0103] When a gap is provided between the spike 7 and the upper iron plate 4, the eccentric sleeve 8 is installed in the gap between the spike 7 and the upper iron plate 4. When an accommodation space is provided between the spike 7 and the upper iron plate 4, the first elastic support plate 44 and the lower iron plate 3, the eccentric sleeve 8 is installed in the accommodation space.

[0104] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nonlinear elastic damping fastener system with prestressed elastic elements for securing rails to sleepers, characterized by: include A lower iron plate is provided on the sleeper, and a first shoulder is provided at both ends along the length direction of the sleeper; An upper iron plate is arranged on the lower iron plate, and a second shoulder is provided at both ends along the length direction of the sleeper; A first prestressed elastic member is provided on the lower iron plate and abuts between the first stop shoulder and the second stop shoulder, and is used to laterally press the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate; A second prestressed elastic member is provided on the upper iron plate and abuts between the second shoulder and the side surface of the rail bottom of the rail, and is used to laterally press the upper iron plate and the rail bottom; The first prestressed elastic member abuts against the second shoulder via a first inclined surface, and the first prestressed elastic member applies an upward force to the second shoulder via the first inclined surface, thereby providing upward elastic support for the upper iron plate; the second prestressed elastic member abuts against the second shoulder via a second inclined surface, and the second prestressed elastic member applies a downward force to the second shoulder via the second inclined surface, thereby pressing the upper iron plate downward; The rail spike is connected to the sleeper after passing through the second prestressed elastic member, the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate, and the head of the rail spike presses the second prestressed elastic member onto the upper iron plate.

2. The nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first prestressed elastic member and the second prestressed elastic member both include Elastomer, an elastic element that can be compressed and deformed, and generates anti-compression resistance when compressed; a restraining body, used for preventing the elastic body from recovering and keeping the elastic body in a specified compression state; A locking component, used for locking the constraint body to constrain the elastic body; The elastic body is pre-compressed to a specified state and is maintained in the specified state by the constraint body. When the constraint of the elastic body is released, the elastic body has a tendency to recover.

3. The nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members according to claim 2, characterized in that: The restraining body includes a first restraining component and a second restraining component that are detachably connected. The first restraining component and the second restraining component are close to or separated along the length direction of the sleeper. When the first restraining component and the second restraining component are unlocked, the elastic body returns to a movement direction along the length direction of the sleeper; and both ends of the first restraining component and the second restraining component along the length direction of the rail are provided with connecting parts connected to the locking component.

4. The nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first restraining part of the second prestressed elastic member is provided with a transverse notch, the open end of the notch faces the second restraining part of the second prestressed elastic member, and the spike passes through the notch. When the restraint of the elastic body of the second prestressed elastic member is released, the restoring elastic force of the elastic body causes the first restraining part to press tightly between the head of the spike and the upper iron plate.

5. The nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fastener system also includes an eccentric sleeve, which is mounted on the spike. The lower part of the constraint body of the second prestressed elastic member is provided with an escape opening, and the upper end of the eccentric sleeve passes through the escape opening and abuts against the elastic body of the second prestressed elastic member.

6. The nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members according to claim 5, characterized in that: There is a gap between the spike and the upper iron plate, the eccentric sleeve is arranged in the gap, and is laterally pressed against the spike and the upper iron plate respectively, and the outer wall of the eccentric sleeve is matched with the upper iron plate through a conical surface with a larger upper surface and a smaller lower surface.

7. The nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first elastic support plate is provided between the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate, the railroad spike passes through the upper iron plate, the first elastic support plate and the lower iron plate in sequence, and an accommodation space is provided between the upper iron plate, the first elastic support plate and the lower iron plate, the eccentric sleeve is provided in the accommodation space, and is laterally pressed against between the railroad spike and the lower iron plate, and the outer wall of the eccentric sleeve is matched with the lower iron plate through a conical surface with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion.

8. The nonlinear elastic shock-absorbing fastener system with prestressed elastic members according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fastener system further comprises a gauge block and an elastic bar, wherein the gauge block at least abuts against the side surface of the rail bottom, and the elastic bar presses the gauge block against the upper surface of the rail bottom; the gauge block can be extended to form the constraint body.

9. A method for installing a nonlinear elastic damping fastener system with a prestressed elastic member, applied to the nonlinear elastic damping fastener system with a prestressed elastic member according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The installation method includes: Place the lower iron plate on the sleeper; placing the upper iron plate on the lower iron plate; Placing a first prestressed elastic member between the first shoulder of the lower iron plate and the second shoulder of the upper iron plate; placing the rails on the upper iron plate; placing a second prestressed elastic member between the rail bottom side surface of the rail and the second shoulder; Passing the spike through the second prestressed elastic member, the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate in sequence and then connecting them to the sleeper, and pressing the second prestressed elastic member tightly against the upper iron plate; The constraints of the first prestressed elastic member and the second prestressed elastic member are released to fix the rail on the sleeper.

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