A method and system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method

Abstract

The application provides a method and system for full-coverage precision detection of a tunnel lining based on a rebound method, which comprehensively uses a rebound strength detection device and a grid-based precision detection trolley as a precision detection scanning mechanism of a tunnel lining structure, performs full-coverage scanning on the tunnel lining according to a ring-longitudinal combined scanning mode to collect concrete strength information, uploads the detected data to a detection host and a remote server system in real time during scanning, further performs spatial homing on the concrete strength information of each grid unit detected based on the grid coordinates, associates the strength information with the overall tunnel lining space, extracts and identifies the concrete strength information embodied by the detection results of each detection grid unit of the tunnel, and analyzes the lining strength defects according to the difference between the concrete strength information and a standard value. The scheme can realize full-coverage detection of the strength of the tunnel lining structure, realizes high-precision continuous detection of the strength of the lining while ensuring fast detection efficiency, and has good practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel lining quality inspection technology, and in particular to a method and system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method. Background Technology

[0002] Due to factors such as geological and hydrological conditions, material factors, construction technology, and construction equipment, tunnel linings may have quality defects that are not easily visible to the naked eye, such as voids, cracks, water content, insufficient thickness, missing reinforcement, and insufficient strength. Under the influence of stress redistribution, temperature and humidity changes, and aerodynamic loads, tunnel lining defects are prone to occur at specific times, affecting the quality, safety, and service life of the tunnel.

[0003] Studies have shown that various factors, including material composition, construction methods, environment, and climate, can reduce concrete strength, affecting the durability and stability of tunnel lining structures. Therefore, concrete strength testing is necessary during quality control and project acceptance phases. Core drilling is a strength testing technique that directly reflects the compressive strength of concrete, but it damages the concrete structure. It is mainly used for verifying non-destructive testing results or in special scenarios such as when concrete corrosion damage leads to differences in strength between the surface and interior. The rebound hammer method, as a feasible non-destructive testing method, uses a rebound hammer to test the surface hardness of the concrete (mainly the strength of the mortar), indirectly estimating the concrete strength from the surface inwards without damaging the lining quality.

[0004] Currently, non-destructive testing of tunnel lining concrete strength based on the rebound method mainly involves manual operation with the testing equipment. For parts such as the arch and shoulder of the lining, a robotic arm is needed to support the testing personnel for high-altitude work, which is unsafe, labor-intensive, demanding, inefficient, and unstable. Currently, only single-point testing or sampling can be achieved, making large-scale, comprehensive, and precise inspection of tunnel lining impossible.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues and ensure timely and effective proactive maintenance of tunnel lining concrete strength defects, thereby guaranteeing tunnel lining quality and operational safety, it is crucial to accurately identify the scale and spatial distribution of these defects before they develop into serious damage. This requires utilizing rebound hammer testing technology for comprehensive and precise inspection of the tunnel lining concrete strength information. This invention proposes a method for comprehensive and precise inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound hammer method. Using a gridded inspection trolley, the entire tunnel lining structure strength is precisely inspected through longitudinal or circumferential scanning, achieving high-precision continuous inspection of the lining while maintaining rapid inspection efficiency. In a preferred embodiment, the method includes:

[0007] The grid-based fine inspection scanning process involves fixing the rebound strength testing device on the grid-based fine inspection trolley to form a fine inspection scanning mechanism. This mechanism is used to perform a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a grid as a spatial unit and a combined circumferential and longitudinal scanning method to collect lining concrete strength information. The combined circumferential and longitudinal scanning method includes main longitudinal scanning or main circumferential scanning.

[0008] The detection data transmission steps involve uploading the detected data to the on-site detection host in real time and displaying it during the grid scanning process, while simultaneously transmitting the detection data to the remote server system in real time via wireless network.

[0009] The detection data spatial representation steps involve spatially relocating the detected concrete strength information based on the spatial coordinate information of each grid in the tunnel, forming concrete strength information associated with the entire tunnel lining space.

[0010] The data processing and defect identification steps involve calculating and identifying lining strength defects at different locations in the entire tunnel lining space based on the strength information of each detection grid unit and the preset strength standard value.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the gridded fine inspection scanning step, before performing a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using the fine inspection scanning mechanism, further includes:

[0012] The steps for dividing the test area into grids are as follows: The overall tunnel lining structure is evenly divided into multiple test areas, and one or more detection grid units are evenly divided in each test area. The area of ​​a single test area is dynamically set according to the size of the tunnel lining structure and the number of detection grid units to be divided.

[0013] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment, in the gridded precision scanning step, when a single test area is divided into multiple detection grid units, the rebound strength detection device fixedly installed on the gridded precision scanning trolley may include multiple units, which simultaneously perform detection on one or more detection grid units in a single test area.

[0014] In one embodiment, the process of performing a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a main longitudinal scanning method in the gridded fine inspection scanning step includes:

[0015] The overall tunnel lining structure is divided into multiple uniform longitudinal survey line spaces based on the side dimensions and interval dimensions of a single survey area.

[0016] The control grid-based precision inspection trolley lifts the rebound strength testing device to fit the lining surface corresponding to each testing grid unit in each testing area for testing. After the current testing area is completed, it is detached and then moved along the tunnel longitudinal direction to the next testing area in the current longitudinal testing line space. The fitting, detaching, and moving operations are repeated until the testing grid units of all testing areas in the current longitudinal testing line space are tested.

[0017] After completing the longitudinal scanning from the starting end to the end of the tunnel, the system moves to the next longitudinal survey line space with a uniform circumferential step size, and repeats the process to achieve the concrete strength scanning and detection of the entire tunnel lining structure.

[0018] On the other hand, in one embodiment, the process of performing a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a main circumferential scanning method in the gridded fine inspection scanning step includes:

[0019] The overall tunnel lining structure is divided into multiple uniform circumferential survey line spaces based on the side dimensions and interval dimensions of a single survey area.

[0020] The control grid-based precision inspection trolley lifts the rebound strength testing device to fit onto the lining surface corresponding to each testing grid unit in each testing area for testing. After the current testing area is completed, it is detached and then moves along the tunnel circumference to the next testing area in the current circumferential testing line space. The fitting, detachment, and movement operations are repeated until the testing grid units of all testing areas in the current circumferential testing line space are tested.

[0021] After completing the scanning of the tunnel's circumferential starting sidewall to the ending sidewall, the system moves to the next circumferential survey line space with a uniform longitudinal step size, and repeats the process to achieve the overall tunnel lining structure concrete strength scanning and detection.

[0022] Optionally, in one embodiment, the process of spatially realigning the detected concrete strength information of each grid cell can be selected from the following two methods:

[0023] The grid represents the location and is based on the position coordinate information of each detection grid unit relative to the tunnel. It uses a single detection grid unit as the unit of representation to represent the individual strength information corresponding to the coordinate information of the grid at different positions in the entire tunnel lining space.

[0024] The measurement area is represented by the coordinates of the geometric midpoint within a single measurement area, which is calculated based on the position coordinates of all detection grid units within the measurement area relative to the tunnel. This coordinates are used as the coordinates of the current measurement area. The measurement area is used as the unit of representation, and it represents one or more strength information corresponding to the coordinates of measurement areas at different locations in the entire tunnel lining space.

[0025] Furthermore, in one embodiment, during the data processing and defect identification steps,

[0026] For tunnels represented by the grid representation method, the strength information corresponding to each detection grid unit is extracted and compared with the preset strength standard value. The calculated difference is used as an indicator to identify whether there are lining strength defects in each detection grid unit.

[0027] For tunnels represented by the test area representation method, for each test area, the maximum and minimum values ​​are removed from all scattered strength test data, and the average value is calculated based on the remaining strength test data as the target concrete strength value for the current test area. Based on this strength value, the difference between it and the preset standard value is calculated, and the lining strength defects existing in each test area are identified according to the calculation results.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present invention, in one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0029] The visualization process, using survey areas or grids as units, couples the concrete strength information detection results and the identified lining strength defect data at different locations in the tunnel into a three-dimensional spatial image of the tunnel lining structure, and displays it to users in the form of three-dimensional display diagrams and planar layout diagrams.

[0030] Based on other aspects of the methods described in any one or more of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a storage medium storing program code that can implement the methods described in any one or more of the above embodiments.

[0031] Based on the application aspects of the methods described in any one or more of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method, which performs the methods described in any one or more of the above embodiments.

[0032] Compared with the closest prior art, the present invention also has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] This invention provides a method for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method. It integrates a rebound strength testing device with a gridded precision inspection trolley as a precision inspection scanning mechanism for tunnel lining structure. It collects concrete strength information by scanning the tunnel lining in a longitudinal or circumferential scanning manner. The detection grid size can be adjusted according to actual needs, and full-coverage precision inspection with different grid accuracies can be achieved.

[0034] Furthermore, during scanning, the present invention uploads the detected data to the on-site detection host and remote server system in real time, ensuring data standardization and reliability and avoiding data tampering during offline data copying.

[0035] Furthermore, this invention spatially relocates the concrete strength information of each grid unit obtained from the test area grid based on the spatial location of the grid, which can effectively show the continuous spatial distribution characteristics of tunnel lining strength defect data, which helps to accurately identify lining defects. Combined with the calculation of lining strength value and the comparative analysis with standard value, it effectively realizes the identification of spatial lining strength information at different locations. This invention achieves high-precision continuous detection of lining while ensuring rapid detection efficiency, and the operation mode can be flexibly configured, making it highly practical.

[0036] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main longitudinal scanning detection of the method for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main circumferential scanning detection of a method for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method provided in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Those skilled in the art will then fully understand how the present invention uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects, and will be able to implement the present invention specifically based on the above-described implementation process. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the various embodiments and features of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] Although the flowchart describes the operations as sequential processes, many of these operations can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. The order of the operations can be rearranged. A process can terminate when its operation is complete, but it may also have additional steps not included in the diagram. A process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc.

[0044] Computer equipment includes user equipment and network equipment. User equipment or clients include, but are not limited to, computers, smartphones, PDAs, etc.; network equipment includes, but is not limited to, a single network server, a server group consisting of multiple network servers, or a cloud based on cloud computing consisting of a large number of computers or network servers. Computer equipment can operate independently to implement this invention, or it can connect to a network and implement this invention through interaction with other computer equipment in the network. The network in which the computer equipment is located includes, but is not limited to, the Internet, wide area network, metropolitan area network, local area network, VPN network, etc.

[0045] The terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used herein to describe various units, but these units should not be limited by these terms; they are used merely to distinguish one unit from another. The term “and / or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. When a unit is referred to as “connected” or “coupled” to another unit, it may be directly connected or coupled to said other unit, or there may be intermediate units present.

[0046] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a” and “an” as used herein are also intended to include the plural. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “including” as used herein specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, units, and / or components, without excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, units, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] Studies have shown that various factors, including material composition, construction methods, environment, and climate, can reduce concrete strength, affecting the durability and stability of tunnel lining structures. Therefore, concrete strength testing is necessary during quality control and project acceptance phases. According to standards such as the "Technical Specification for Testing the Strength of High-Strength Concrete" (JGJ / T 294-2013), the rebound hammer method, as an effective non-destructive testing method, uses a rebound hammer to test the surface hardness of concrete (mainly the strength of the mortar portion) to indirectly estimate the concrete strength from the surface inwards. The rebound hammer is simple to operate, inexpensive, and highly repeatable, without damaging the lining quality. It has significant advantages in testing the homogeneity of concrete and is widely used in field testing. Core drilling is another strength testing technique that directly reflects the compressive strength of concrete, but it damages the concrete structure. It is mainly used for verifying and confirming non-destructive testing results or in special scenarios such as concrete corrosion damage leading to differences in strength between the surface and interior.

[0048] However, current non-destructive testing of tunnel lining concrete strength based on the rebound method mainly relies on manual labor. For parts such as the arch and shoulder of the lining, a robotic arm is needed to lift the testing personnel for high-altitude operations, which is unsafe, labor-intensive, demanding, inefficient, and unstable. Currently, only single-point testing or sampling can be achieved, and large-scale, comprehensive, and precise inspection of tunnel lining is not possible.

[0049] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a method and system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method. This method utilizes rebound method detection technology and equipment, relying on a gridded precision inspection trolley. It performs gridded precision inspection of the entire tunnel lining space through longitudinal or circumferential scanning, achieving full-coverage precision inspection data collection of tunnel lining strength defects. The on-site inspection data is transmitted in real-time to a remote server system for further spatial representation, data processing, and strength analysis. Ultimately, it achieves accurate identification of tunnel lining strength defects and provides a visual display. This method ensures high-precision continuous full-coverage inspection of the lining while maintaining rapid inspection efficiency.

[0050] The following describes the detailed flow of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, the steps of which can be executed in a computer system containing, for example, a set of computer-executable instructions. Although the logical order of the steps is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown here.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the process flow of the method for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 As can be seen, the method includes the following steps.

[0053] The grid-based fine inspection scanning process involves fixing the rebound strength testing device on the grid-based fine inspection trolley to form a fine inspection scanning mechanism. This mechanism is used to perform a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a grid as a spatial unit and a combined circumferential and longitudinal scanning method to collect lining concrete strength information. The combined circumferential and longitudinal scanning method includes main longitudinal scanning or main circumferential scanning.

[0054] The detection data transmission steps involve uploading the detected data to the on-site detection host in real time and displaying it during the grid scanning process, while simultaneously transmitting the detection data to the remote server system in real time via wireless network.

[0055] The detection data spatial representation steps involve spatially relocating the detected concrete strength information based on the spatial coordinate information of each grid in the tunnel, forming concrete strength information associated with the entire tunnel lining space.

[0056] The data processing and defect identification steps involve calculating and identifying lining strength defects at different locations in the entire tunnel lining space based on the strength information of each detection grid unit and the preset strength standard value.

[0057] As a further improvement of the present invention, in one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0058] The visualization process, using survey areas or grids as units, couples the concrete strength information detection results and the identified lining strength defect data at different locations in the tunnel into a three-dimensional spatial image of the tunnel lining structure, and displays it to users in the form of three-dimensional display diagrams and planar layout diagrams.

[0059] Based on the logic described in the above embodiments, this invention utilizes rebound detection technology and equipment, relying on a gridded precision inspection trolley for lifting and control. Through longitudinal or circumferential scanning, it achieves gridded full-coverage precision inspection data collection of tunnel lining strength defects. The on-site inspection data is transmitted to a remote server system in real time for further operations such as gridded inspection data spatial representation, data processing, and strength analysis. Ultimately, it achieves accurate identification of tunnel lining strength deficiency defects and provides intuitive display.

[0060] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the gridded fine inspection scanning step, before performing a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using the fine inspection scanning mechanism, further includes:

[0061] The steps for dividing the test area into grids are as follows: The overall tunnel lining structure is evenly divided into multiple test areas, and one or more detection grid units are evenly divided in each test area. The area of ​​a single test area is dynamically set according to the size of the tunnel lining structure and the number of detection grid units to be divided.

[0062] In practical applications, if the size of the tunnel lining structure being tested is large, and multiple detection grid units are further divided within a single test area to achieve full coverage detection, then the area of ​​the single test area can be controlled to be relatively large. Conversely, if the size of the tunnel lining structure being tested is small, and multiple detection grid units are not divided within a single test area or fewer detection grid units are sufficient, then the area of ​​the test area can be controlled to be relatively small. The number and shape of the detection grid units within the test area can be set according to the detection requirements.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, during the survey area grid division step, both the survey area and the detection grid unit are square. The area of ​​each survey area should ideally not exceed 0.04 m². 2 Different test areas and detection grid units can be set to be directly and continuously connected, or they can be continuously distributed at a distance from each other. Based on this, in an optional embodiment, in the test area grid division step, the overall tunnel lining structure can be divided into multiple mutually spaced test areas according to the size of the rebound strength detection device, and 16 detection grid units are evenly divided in each test area.

[0064] In practical applications, the shape of the survey area and the detection grid is not limited to the positive direction. Other shapes that can fully cover the tunnel lining structure, such as rectangles, can also be used.

[0065] Furthermore, the various test areas and detection grid units can be directly adjacent to each other or evenly spaced. The spacing between test areas can be set by technicians according to requirements. If the detection grid units within a test area are distributed with a set distance between them, the spacing can be the same as or different from the test area spacing. Considering the implementation of gridded scanning detection, the spacing between detection grids in actual detection is selected to be smaller than the test area spacing.

[0066] In practical applications, during the grid division step of the test area, the size of the detection grid unit can be set according to the properties of the rebound strength detection device and the detection requirements. For example, the detection grid unit can be set as a 5cm*5cm square.

[0067] Users can choose between the main longitudinal scanning method and the main circumferential scanning method according to their needs. Specifically, in one embodiment, the process of performing a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using the main longitudinal scanning method in the gridded fine inspection scanning step includes:

[0068] The overall tunnel lining structure is divided into multiple uniform longitudinal survey line spaces based on the side dimensions and interval dimensions of a single survey area.

[0069] The control grid-based precision inspection trolley lifts the rebound strength testing device to fit the lining surface corresponding to each testing grid unit in each testing area for testing. After the current testing area is completed, it is detached and then moved along the tunnel longitudinal direction to the next testing area in the current longitudinal testing line space. The fitting, detaching, and moving operations are repeated until the testing grid units of all testing areas in the current longitudinal testing line space are tested.

[0070] After completing the longitudinal scanning from the starting end to the end of the tunnel, the system moves to the next longitudinal survey line space with a uniform circumferential step size, and repeats the process to achieve the concrete strength scanning and detection of the entire tunnel lining structure.

[0071] For example, the rebound hammer testing device uses a rebound hammer. During the main longitudinal scan, it is controlled by a gridded precision inspection trolley. Within a longitudinal testing unit (e.g., 6 meters), the rebound hammer is lifted and placed against the lining surface for testing on a testing grid. Then, it is removed and moved longitudinally along the tunnel to the next testing grid. The process of placing, removing, and moving is repeated to complete the longitudinal scan of the tunnel from end A to end B. Then, it moves to the next longitudinal survey line according to a fixed circumferential step size, and then scans the testing equipment from end B to end A along the longitudinal direction. This process is repeated to achieve the longitudinal scan of the tunnel lining within a longitudinal testing unit.

[0072] In one embodiment, the process of performing a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a main circumferential scanning method in the gridded fine inspection scanning step includes:

[0073] The overall tunnel lining structure is divided into multiple uniform circumferential survey line spaces based on the side dimensions and interval dimensions of a single survey area.

[0074] The control grid-based precision inspection trolley lifts the rebound strength testing device to fit onto the lining surface corresponding to each testing grid unit in each testing area for testing. After the current testing area is completed, it is detached and then moves along the tunnel circumference to the next testing area in the current circumferential testing line space. The fitting, detachment, and movement operations are repeated until the testing grid units of all testing areas in the current circumferential testing line space are tested.

[0075] After completing the scanning of the tunnel's circumferential starting sidewall to the ending sidewall, the system moves to the next circumferential survey line space with a uniform longitudinal step size, and repeats the process to achieve the overall tunnel lining structure concrete strength scanning and detection.

[0076] For example, during the main circumferential scanning: the rebound hammer is lifted and repeatedly attached, detached, and moved along the tunnel circumference to inspect each grid in sequence, thereby completing the circumferential scanning of the tunnel from side wall A to side wall B. Then, it moves to the next ring according to a fixed longitudinal step size, and then scans the inspection equipment from side wall B to side wall A along the circumference. This process is repeated to achieve the circumferential scanning of the tunnel lining.

[0077] Figure 2 The diagram shows a lining inspection using a rebound hammer with a main longitudinal scan method, as shown below. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the use of a rebound hammer for longitudinal scanning to test the lining strength. The rebound hammer starts and stops sequentially along the longitudinal direction according to the test grid, scanning from side A to side B. Then, the testing device moves to the next longitudinal grid and scans from side B to side A again, repeating this process to complete the tunnel lining test within one test unit.

[0078] Appendix Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the use of a rebound hammer for lining inspection via a main circumferential scanning method. The rebound hammer starts and stops sequentially along the circumferential grid, scanning from side wall A to side wall B. Then, the inspection device moves to the next circumferential grid and scans from side wall B back to side wall A, repeating this process to complete the tunnel lining inspection within one inspection unit.

[0079] In an optional embodiment, when multiple detection grids are divided within each survey area, a full-grid detection can be performed for each grid, choosing between a main lateral scanning method and a main circumferential scanning method. The current survey area is considered complete only after all grid cells within the entire survey area have been detected. It should be noted that the scanning method for multiple survey areas of the entire tunnel is independently set from the scanning method for multiple detection grid cells within the entire survey area; the same scanning method or different scanning methods can be used. In practical applications, the scanning method for detection grid cells in each survey area corresponding to a tunnel is usually consistent.

[0080] As a further improvement of the present invention, in one embodiment, when a single test area is divided into multiple test grid units during the grid-based precision inspection scanning step, multiple rebound strength testing devices fixedly mounted on the grid-based precision inspection trolley can be included, simultaneously performing testing on multiple test grid units in a single test area. In practical applications, the interval between multiple rebound strength testing devices is consistent with the interval data between grid test units. By adopting this embodiment, the lining structure corresponding to more than one grid test unit can be simultaneously tested, effectively improving the testing efficiency.

[0081] In practical applications, the number and fixed setting method of the rebound strength testing devices can be determined according to the division of the testing grid units in the test area. Generally, the number of grid cells in each row and column of the testing grid should be an integer multiple of the number of rows and columns of the rebound strength testing devices. For example, when the test area is divided into 16 testing grid units (4*4 rows and 4*4 columns), 2 (1*2 rows and 2*2 columns) or 4 (2*2 rows and 2*2 columns) rebound strength testing devices can be fixedly set up simultaneously. When the test area is divided into 12 testing grid units (4*3 rows and 3 columns), 2 (2*1 rows and 1*3 columns) or 3 (1*3 rows and 3 columns) rebound strength testing devices can be fixedly set up simultaneously. Here, row*column represents the number of cells in each row multiplied by the number of cells in each column.

[0082] Next, the detection data transmission step is executed. During the grid scanning detection process, the rebound hammer transmits the detection data to the detection host in real time and displays it. It also transmits the data to the remote server system in real time via wireless network to ensure the standardization and accuracy of the detection data for subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0083] In practical applications, the detection data transmitted includes the detected strength values ​​of the lining concrete and the spatial coordinates of the corresponding detection grid cells. Typically, the data is represented as a (x, y, v) data combination, where x and y represent the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the detection grid to which the current detection result strength data belongs, respectively, and v represents the detected strength value information.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, on-site detection data is transmitted to a remote server system in real time, ensuring data standardization and reliability and avoiding data tampering during offline data copying.

[0085] Considering that the detection data of each detection grid is represented as a single numerical point, in order to reflect the continuous spatial distribution of insufficient tunnel lining strength defects, it is necessary to spatially realign the gridded scan detection data according to the spatial location of each detection grid to form the concrete strength detection result of the entire tunnel lining space. Therefore, a further step is initiated to spatially represent the detection data, and based on the spatial location of each grid within the tunnel, the concrete strength information of each grid unit obtained from the detection is spatially realigned to form the overall two-dimensional concrete strength information of the entire tunnel lining space. In practical applications, the spatial realignment processing results in a two-dimensional scattered data set, which serves as the concrete strength detection result for the entire tunnel lining space.

[0086] During the testing process, the spatial location information is recorded by the register embedded in the precision inspection trolley's testing control device, and combined with the strength test value, it is recorded and uploaded by the testing host.

[0087] Next, the detected concrete strength information is spatially reallocated based on the spatial coordinate information of each grid in the tunnel through the detection data spatial representation step, forming concrete strength information associated with the entire tunnel lining space.

[0088] In one optional embodiment, the process of spatially realigning the detected concrete strength information of each grid cell can be selected from one of the following two methods:

[0089] The grid represents the location and is based on the position coordinate information of each detection grid unit relative to the tunnel. The individual detection grid unit is used as the unit of representation to represent the individual strength information corresponding to the coordinate information of the grid at different positions in the entire tunnel lining space. In this way, the strength information corresponding to the coordinates of different grids in the entire tunnel lining space is obtained. The strength information of all grids constitutes the strength detection data of the entire tunnel lining space.

[0090] The method involves repositioning the test area and calculating the coordinates of the geometric midpoint within each test area based on the position coordinates of all detection grid cells relative to the tunnel. This serves as the coordinate information for the current test area, with each test area as the unit of representation. This process represents one or more intensity information values ​​corresponding to the coordinates of different test areas within the entire tunnel lining space. Typically, this yields multiple intensity information values ​​for each test area within the tunnel lining space. However, these multiple intensity information values ​​do not record the position coordinates of multiple grid cells; instead, they are uniformly associated with the coordinate information of the current test area. This method improves the simplification of data position information without affecting the richness of subsequent test data input, demonstrating better feasibility and practicality.

[0091] Furthermore, by utilizing data processing and defect identification steps, and based on the strength information of each detection grid unit and the preset strength standard value, the lining strength defects at different locations in the entire tunnel lining space are identified.

[0092] In practical applications, in one embodiment, during the data processing and defect identification steps,

[0093] For tunnels represented using a grid-based positioning method, the strength information corresponding to each detection grid unit is extracted and compared with a preset strength standard value. The calculated difference is used as an indicator to identify whether there are lining strength defects in each detection grid unit. In this way, the data of each detection grid is used separately, and the strength detection data of each detection grid is directly used as the value of that grid. The detection granularity is finer, and more dense strength detection results can be obtained. Targeted and accurate detection results are available for each detection grid unit.

[0094] For tunnels represented by the test area representation method, in order to avoid unstable errors caused by a single measurement, for each test area, the maximum and minimum values ​​are removed from all scattered strength test data, and then the average value is calculated based on the remaining strength test data as the target concrete strength value for the current test area; the difference between this strength value and the preset standard value is calculated, and the lining strength defects existing in each test area are identified according to the calculation results.

[0095] Specifically, based on two-dimensional concrete strength information, the maximum and minimum values ​​of scattered detection data in each test area are removed according to a set rule, and then the average value is calculated as the target concrete strength value. Further, taking the division of each test area into 16 uniform detection grid units as an example, the process of calculating the target concrete strength value includes:

[0096] Sixteen rebound values ​​were extracted from each square test area in sequence. The three maximum values ​​and three minimum values ​​were removed. The average value of the remaining ten rebound values ​​was calculated and used as the target concrete strength value for the current test area.

[0097] Furthermore, the difference between the concrete strength value of each test area and the preset standard value is calculated, and the existing lining strength defects are identified by comparing the calculation results with the preset strength standard value.

[0098] In practical applications, considering that the 16 measured values ​​within the survey area need to be statistically averaged to form a single intensity measurement value for the survey area during the data processing steps to improve measurement stability, the spatial representation step of the detection data requires that, based on the spatial coordinates and adjacency relationships of each measuring point, the 16 adjacent detection grid spaces be sequentially assigned to the same survey area and identified, so that adjacent survey areas can be distinguished in subsequent data processing steps.

[0099] In this embodiment of the invention, based on the calculation of concrete strength in all test areas of the entire lining, the difference between the measured value and the standard value of concrete in each test area is calculated according to the specific standard requirements for the concrete strength of tunnel lining. A negative value indicates insufficient concrete strength, thus obtaining the spatial distribution of insufficient strength defects in the entire space of the tunnel lining.

[0100] In practical applications, deep learning-based algorithms can be used to intelligently identify and interpret lining strength defects based on concrete strength values ​​obtained by the rebound method. In this step, the rebound method test data can also be interpreted through methods such as human interpretation by technical experts and identification of rebound method test data, so as to accurately identify the lining strength characteristics.

[0101] As a further improvement of the present invention, in the visualization display step, visualization techniques such as scatter plots are used to display the spatial variation of the difference between the concrete strength measurement value and the standard value. The horizontal and vertical axes are the longitudinal mileage and the circumferential part of the tunnel, respectively. The color value of the scatter points represents the concrete strength deviation value. Based on this, the areas with insufficient lining strength are marked in the form of a planar distribution map.

[0102] The tunnel lining grid-based precision inspection method described in the above embodiments of the present invention can efficiently achieve grid-based full-coverage continuous detection of tunnel lining strength defects. The tunnel lining grid-based precision inspection method proposed in this patent achieves grid-based full-coverage continuous detection of tunnel lining strength deficiency defects, and has the following advantages:

[0103] (1) Relying on the grid-based precision inspection trolley to lift the rebound hammer, the detection grid is repeatedly attached, detached, and moved by longitudinal or circumferential scanning to achieve full coverage continuous detection of the strength of tunnel lining concrete. The size of the detection grid can be adjusted according to the detection accuracy requirements. 16 adjacent detection grids constitute a test area. The test areas can be arranged continuously or at intervals to achieve full coverage precision inspection of different accuracies.

[0104] (2) On-site test data is transmitted to a remote server system in real time, ensuring the standardization and reliability of the data and avoiding data tampering during offline data copying.

[0105] (3) Spatial representation and data processing of gridded detection data can obtain the concrete strength deviation value of each test area in the lining space, which can effectively show the continuous distribution characteristics of the tunnel lining strength deficiency defect in space. Visualization technology further intuitively shows the spatial scale and boundary of the lining strength deficiency defect.

[0106] For the foregoing method embodiments, in order to simplify the description, they are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0107] It should be noted that, in other embodiments of the present invention, the method can also combine one or more of the above embodiments to obtain a new method for precise inspection of tunnel lining strength by gridding, so as to achieve quality assessment and construction guidance for tunnel lining structures.

[0108] It should be noted that, based on the methods in any one or more embodiments of the present invention described above, the present invention also provides a storage medium storing program code that can implement the methods described in any one or more embodiments. When the program code is executed by the operating system, it can implement the method for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the springback method as described above.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] The methods described in the above-disclosed embodiments of the present invention are detailed. These methods can be implemented using various forms of devices or systems. Therefore, based on other aspects of the methods described in any one or more of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method. This system is used to execute the method for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method described in any one or more of the above embodiments. Specific embodiments are given below for detailed description.

[0111] Specifically, Figure 4 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the system includes:

[0112] The grid-based precision scanning module is configured to fix the rebound strength detection device on the grid-based precision inspection trolley, forming a precision scanning mechanism. This mechanism is used to perform a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure in a combined circumferential and longitudinal scanning manner, using the grid as the spatial unit, to collect the lining concrete strength information. The combined circumferential and longitudinal scanning method includes main longitudinal scanning or main circumferential scanning.

[0113] The detection data transmission module is configured to upload the detected data to the on-site detection host in real time during the gridded scanning process and display it, and at the same time transmit the detection data to the remote server system in real time via wireless network.

[0114] The detection data spatial representation module is configured to spatially locate the detected concrete strength information based on the spatial coordinate information of each grid in the tunnel, forming concrete strength information associated with the entire tunnel lining space.

[0115] The data processing and defect identification module is configured to calculate and identify lining strength defects at different locations in the entire tunnel lining space based on the strength information of each detection grid unit and the preset strength standard value.

[0116] As a further improvement of the present invention, the gridded fine inspection scanning module is also provided with a test area grid division unit, which is configured to divide the entire tunnel lining structure into multiple test areas before using the fine inspection scanning mechanism to perform a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure, and to divide one or more detection grid units into each test area; the area of ​​a single test area is dynamically set according to the size of the tunnel lining structure and the number of detection grid units to be divided.

[0117] In practical applications, the area of ​​each survey zone shall not exceed 0.04m². 2 Each test area is evenly divided into 16 detection grid units, and the detection grid unit can be set to a 5cm*5cm square.

[0118] On the other hand, in one embodiment, when a single test area is divided into multiple test grid units, the rebound strength testing device fixedly installed on the gridded precision inspection trolley may include multiple devices, which simultaneously perform testing on one or more test grid units in a single test area.

[0119] Furthermore, the gridded precision scanning module is configured to achieve full-coverage scanning based on the main longitudinal scanning method through the following steps:

[0120] The overall tunnel lining structure is divided into multiple uniform longitudinal survey line spaces based on the side dimensions and interval dimensions of a single survey area.

[0121] The control grid-based precision inspection trolley lifts the rebound strength testing device to fit the lining surface corresponding to each testing grid unit in each testing area for testing. After the current testing area is completed, it is detached and then moved along the tunnel longitudinal direction to the next testing area in the current longitudinal testing line space. The fitting, detaching, and moving operations are repeated until the testing grid units of all testing areas in the current longitudinal testing line space are tested.

[0122] After completing the longitudinal scanning from the starting end to the end of the tunnel, the system moves to the next longitudinal survey line space with a uniform circumferential step size, and repeats the process to achieve the concrete strength scanning and detection of the entire tunnel lining structure.

[0123] On the other hand, in one embodiment, the gridded precision scanning block is configured to achieve full-coverage scanning based on the main circumferential scanning method through the following steps:

[0124] The overall tunnel lining structure is divided into multiple uniform circumferential survey line spaces based on the side dimensions and interval dimensions of a single survey area.

[0125] The control grid-based precision inspection trolley lifts the rebound strength testing device to fit the lining surface corresponding to each testing grid unit in each test area for testing. After the current test area is tested, it is detached and then moves along the tunnel circumference to the next test area in the current circumferential test line space. The fitting, detachment, and movement operations are repeated until the testing grid units of all test areas in the current circumferential test line space are tested.

[0126] After completing the scanning of the tunnel's circumferential starting sidewall to the ending sidewall, the system moves to the next circumferential survey line space with a uniform longitudinal step size, and repeats the process to achieve the overall tunnel lining structure concrete strength scanning and detection.

[0127] In one optional embodiment, the detection data spatial representation module selects one of the following two methods to spatially locate the concrete strength information of each detected grid unit:

[0128] The grid represents the location and is based on the position coordinate information of each detection grid unit relative to the tunnel. It uses a single detection grid unit as the unit of representation to represent the individual strength information corresponding to the coordinate information of the grid at different positions in the entire tunnel lining space.

[0129] The measurement area is represented by the coordinates of the geometric midpoint within a single measurement area, which is calculated based on the position coordinates of all detection grid units within the measurement area relative to the tunnel. This coordinates are used as the coordinates of the current measurement area. The measurement area is used as the unit of representation, and it represents one or more strength information corresponding to the coordinates of measurement areas at different locations in the entire tunnel lining space.

[0130] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the data processing and defect identification module identifies lining strength defects at different locations throughout the tunnel lining space according to the following operations:

[0131] For tunnels represented by the grid representation method, the strength information corresponding to each detection grid unit is extracted and compared with the preset strength standard value. The calculated difference is used as an indicator to identify whether there are lining strength defects in each detection grid unit.

[0132] For tunnels represented by the test area representation method, for each test area, the maximum and minimum values ​​are removed from all scattered strength test data, and the average value is calculated based on the remaining strength test data as the target concrete strength value for the current test area. Based on this strength value, the difference between it and the preset standard value is calculated, and the lining strength defects existing in each test area are identified according to the calculation results.

[0133] Specifically, taking the uniform division of each test area into 16 detection grid units as an example, the data processing and defect identification module is configured to calculate the target concrete strength value through the following operations:

[0134] Sixteen rebound values ​​were extracted from each square test area in sequence. The three maximum values ​​and three minimum values ​​were removed. The average value of the remaining ten rebound values ​​was calculated and used as the target concrete strength value for the current test area.

[0135] Furthermore, the system also includes a visualization module, which is configured to couple the detection results of concrete strength information at different locations of the tunnel and the identified lining strength defect data into a three-dimensional spatial image of the tunnel lining structure, using the survey area or grid as a unit, and display it to the user in the form of a three-dimensional display diagram and a planar layout diagram.

[0136] In the system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method provided in this embodiment of the invention, each module or unit structure can operate independently or in combination according to actual inspection or computational analysis needs to achieve the corresponding technical effects.

[0137] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features as understood by those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0138] The phrase "an embodiment" in the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrase "an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0139] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and variations in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of patent protection for this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method, characterized in that, The method includes: The grid-based fine inspection scanning process involves fixing the rebound strength testing device on the grid-based fine inspection trolley to form a fine inspection scanning mechanism. This mechanism is used to perform a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a grid as a spatial unit and a combined circumferential and longitudinal scanning method to collect lining concrete strength information. The combined circumferential and longitudinal scanning method includes main longitudinal scanning or main circumferential scanning. The detection data transmission steps involve uploading the detected data to the on-site detection host in real time and displaying it during the grid scanning process, while simultaneously transmitting the detection data to the remote server system in real time via wireless network. The detection data spatial representation steps involve spatially relocating the detected concrete strength information based on the spatial coordinate information of each grid in the tunnel, forming concrete strength information associated with the entire tunnel lining space. The data processing and defect identification steps involve calculating and identifying lining strength defects at different locations in the entire tunnel lining space based on the strength information of each detection grid unit and the preset strength standard value. The grid-based fine inspection scanning step involves a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a main longitudinal scanning method, including: The overall tunnel lining structure is divided into multiple uniform longitudinal survey line spaces based on the side dimensions and interval dimensions of a single survey area. The control grid-based precision inspection trolley lifts the rebound strength testing device to fit the lining surface corresponding to each testing grid unit in each testing area for testing. After the current testing area is completed, it is detached and then moved along the tunnel longitudinal direction to the next testing area in the current longitudinal testing line space. The fitting, detaching, and moving operations are repeated until the testing grid units of all testing areas in the current longitudinal testing line space are tested. After completing the longitudinal scanning from the starting end to the end of the tunnel, the system moves to the next longitudinal survey line space with a uniform circumferential step size, and repeats the process to achieve the concrete strength scanning and detection of the entire tunnel lining structure. The process of performing a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a main circumferential scanning method includes: The overall tunnel lining structure is divided into multiple uniform circumferential survey line spaces based on the side dimensions and interval dimensions of a single survey area. The control grid-based precision inspection trolley lifts the rebound strength testing device to fit onto the lining surface corresponding to each testing grid unit in each testing area for testing. After the current testing area is completed, it is detached and then moves along the tunnel circumference to the next testing area in the current circumferential testing line space. The fitting, detachment, and movement operations are repeated until the testing grid units of all testing areas in the current circumferential testing line space are tested. After completing the scanning of the tunnel circumferential starting sidewall to the ending sidewall, the tunnel moves to the next circumferential survey line space with a uniform longitudinal step size, and the concrete strength scanning test of the entire tunnel lining structure is achieved by going back and forth. The scanning method for multiple survey areas of the entire tunnel is set independently from the scanning method for multiple detection grid units of the entire survey area. The same scanning method or different scanning methods can be used.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid-based precision inspection scanning step, before performing a full-coverage scan of the tunnel lining structure using a precision inspection scanning mechanism, also includes: The steps for dividing the test area into grids are as follows: The overall tunnel lining structure is evenly divided into multiple continuous test areas. Each test area is evenly divided into one or more detection grid units. The area of ​​a single test area is dynamically set according to the size of the tunnel lining structure and the number of detection grid units to be divided.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the grid-based precision scanning step, when a single test area is divided into multiple test grid units, the rebound strength detection device fixed on the grid-based precision inspection trolley can include multiple units, which simultaneously perform detection on one or more test grid units in a single test area.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the spatial representation step of the detection data, the process of spatially realigning the concrete strength information of each grid unit obtained from the detection can be selected from the following two methods: The grid represents the location and is based on the position coordinate information of each detection grid unit relative to the tunnel. It uses a single detection grid unit as the unit of representation to represent the individual strength information corresponding to the coordinate information of the grid at different positions in the entire tunnel lining space. The measurement area is represented by the coordinates of the geometric midpoint within a single measurement area, which is calculated based on the position coordinates of all detection grid units within the measurement area relative to the tunnel. This coordinates are used as the coordinates of the current measurement area. The measurement area is used as the unit of representation, and it represents one or more strength information corresponding to the coordinates of measurement areas at different locations in the entire tunnel lining space.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the data processing and defect identification steps, For tunnels using the grid representation positioning method, the strength information corresponding to each detection grid unit is extracted and compared with the preset strength standard value. The calculated difference is used as an indicator to identify whether there are lining strength defects in each detection grid unit. For tunnels using the test area representation and location method, for each test area, the maximum and minimum values ​​are removed from all scattered strength test data, and then the average value is calculated based on the remaining strength test data as the target concrete strength value for the current test area. Based on the difference between this strength value and the preset standard value, the lining strength defects existing in each test area are identified according to the calculation results.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The visualization process, using survey areas or grids as units, couples the concrete strength information detection results and the identified lining strength defect data at different locations in the tunnel into a three-dimensional spatial image of the tunnel lining structure, and displays it to users in the form of three-dimensional display diagrams and planar layout diagrams.

7. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores program code that can implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A system for full-coverage precision inspection of tunnel lining based on the rebound method, characterized in that, The system performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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