A method for grafting Wogan oranges and a method for extending the harvest period of Wogan oranges

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for grafting Wogan and a method for extending the harvest period of Wogan, belonging to the technical field of agricultural and forestry cultivation. The present invention provides a method for grafting Wogan, adopts Yuanjiang Jiangan as a rootstock variety, fully utilizes the influence of different rootstocks on Wogan trees, extends the fruiting period of Wogan, delays harvesting, staggers market launch, and improves revenue. The grafted seedlings obtained by the Wogan grafting method of the present invention can extend the fruiting period of Wogan to late May, and can be harvested successively after April. At this time, the price of Wogan rises significantly, which can improve economic benefits. Based on this, the present invention provides a method for extending the harvest period of Wogan, which not only has excellent fruiting characteristics, but also has strong resistance and is not easily susceptible to diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for grafting Wogan oranges and a method for prolonging the harvest period of Wogan oranges. Background Art

[0002] The "Wogan" is a new citrus variety developed in Israel. It is a hybrid of the "Temple" mandarin orange and the "Dansi" red mandarin, and is considered a hybrid. Due to its attractive appearance, early fruiting, and high yield, the Wogan boasts high economic returns and promising market development prospects. By 2022, the cultivated area of ​​Wogan nationwide had exceeded 2 million mu (approximately 1.85 million hectares), making it one of the most popular citrus varieties. Major planting areas are Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Hunan. Guangxi boasts the largest cultivated area, at 1.85 million mu (approximately 1.85 million hectares), primarily distributed in cities such as Nanning, Guilin, Laibin, and Liuzhou. The largest and most famous area is Wuming, Nanning, where 460,000 mu (approximately 1.6 million hectares) of Wogan cultivation alone. Yunnan has also seen rapid growth in Wogan cultivation in recent years, currently reaching 280,000 mu (approximately 1.6 million hectares), primarily in Binchuan, Dali; Xinping, Yuxi; Yongsheng, Lijiang; Jiangcheng, Pu'er; and Honghe County.

[0003] Guangxi's Wogan oranges are slightly more cultivated and well-known than those from Yunnan. However, when they are released at the same time, Yunnan's Wogan oranges are less competitive. Guangxi's Wogan oranges are concentrated in January through March. However, because most of their production areas are located in dry and hot river valleys, with long days and large temperature swings between day and night in winter, they mature later than Guangxi's Wogan oranges and are released in a staggered period from March to June. This staggered release period not only reduces the number of competing varieties but also offers a price advantage. For example, in January, when Guangxi's Wogan oranges first entered the market, prices ranged from 4.0 to 6.0 yuan per kilogram. In February, when Guangxi's Wogan oranges entered the market in droves, prices fell to 3.0 to 4.0 yuan per kilogram, making it the lowest price month. Prices fluctuated significantly in March, with prices hovering at 4.0 yuan per kilogram in the first half of the month. By mid-March, Yunnan's Wogan oranges gradually entered the market, with prices rising to 6.0 yuan per kilogram. By the end of the month, prices peaked at nearly 8.0 yuan per kilogram. In the first half of April, the price of Wogan oranges exceeded 8.0 yuan / kg across all regions. In mid-April, prices reached a new high, reaching 9.0 yuan / kg. In the second half of the month, the highest price of fresh Wogan oranges in Yunnan and Sichuan exceeded 10.0 yuan / kg. At this time, there were very few Wogan oranges left in Guangxi, and most of them were kept in cold storage. April and May are the seasons with the fewest varieties of fresh citrus fruit, and the price advantage is more obvious. Therefore, delaying the harvest period and staggering the market release can increase profits accordingly.

[0004] The Wogan plant is composed of an underground rootstock and an aboveground grafted scion. Different rootstocks influence the plant's nutritional growth, flowering and fruiting habits, yield quality, and cultivation adaptability. Currently, Citrus aurantium and Citrus aurantium are commonly used as rootstocks for Wogan. Citrus aurantium rootstocks are characterized by early fruiting and high yields, but they also experience premature aging. Citrus aurantium rootstocks are relatively susceptible to canker and frost damage. Citrus aurantium rootstocks mature earlier than Citrus aurantium rootstocks and are harvested earlier, generally from December to February. Citrus aurantium rootstocks typically harvest from January to March. After April, most Wogan orchards experience natural fruit drop. However, after April, Wogan prices continue to rise. Therefore, it is necessary to select suitable late-maturing rootstocks to extend the fruiting period, delay harvesting, and increase farmers' profits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for grafting Wogan oranges and a method for extending the harvesting period of Wogan oranges, so as to solve the problem of large-scale fruit drop in Wogan oranges in orchards in April, extend the fruiting period of Wogan oranges, delay harvesting, stagger the market launch, and increase profits.

[0006] The invention provides a Wogan grafting method, which uses Yuanjiang Jiangan (Citrus reticulata Blanco) seedlings as rootstocks and Wogan as scion varieties.

[0007] Preferably, the seedlings of Yuanjiang Jiangan are used as rootstocks;

[0008] The seedling cultivation method comprises: collecting seeds from mature fruits of Yuanjiang Jiangan, and cultivating them until the seedling diameter at the ground level is 15 cm and is not less than 0.5 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the seedling cultivation process also includes transplanting, and when the seedlings grow to a plant height of not less than 8 cm, they are transplanted into planting bags.

[0010] Preferably, the grafting is performed when the ground diameter of the Yuanjiang Jiangan seedlings is 15 cm and not less than 0.5 cm, and the grafting method includes single bud grafting.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for prolonging the harvest period of Wogan, comprising cultivating grafted seedlings obtained by the above-mentioned Wogan grafting method.

[0012] Preferably, the grafted seedlings are removed from the nursery when they reach a height of 50 to 60 cm and transplanted into the field.

[0013] Preferably, the transplanting and planting are carried out in planting furrows or planting holes in the field, and the spacing between rows and plants is (2-3) m×(3-4) m.

[0014] Preferably, after the field transplanting and planting, the method also includes post-planting sapling management and fruit-bearing tree management.

[0015] Preferably, the management of young trees after planting includes fertilizer and water management, pruning and shaping, and disease and pest control.

[0016] Preferably, the fruit-bearing tree management includes water management, fertilization management, pruning and shaping, and disease and pest control.

[0017] Beneficial Effects: The present invention provides a method for grafting mandarin oranges, using Yuanjiang Jiangan as a rootstock variety. This method fully utilizes the effects of different rootstocks on mandarin orange trees, extending the fruiting period of mandarin oranges compared to the traditional use of Citrus aurantium and Citrus grandis rootstocks, delaying harvesting, staggering market launch, and increasing revenue. Grafted seedlings obtained using the mandarin orange grafting method of the present invention can extend the fruiting period of mandarin oranges to late May, allowing for subsequent harvesting after April, when mandarin orange prices rise significantly, thereby increasing economic benefits.

[0018] The present invention uses the Yuanjiang Jiangan rootstock to improve the resistance of Wogan plants. In production, Citrus aurantium and Citrus sinensis are commonly used as rootstocks for Wogan. Citrus aurantium rootstocks are characterized by early fruiting and high yields, but they experience premature decline and uneven fruiting. Citrus sinensis rootstocks are relatively susceptible to canker and frost damage. The present invention uses the Yuanjiang Jiangan rootstock, which not only exhibits excellent fruiting traits but also strong resistance and is less susceptible to disease. This invention also reduces the frequency and amount of fertilizer and pesticide use when cultivating the grafted seedlings, saving costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is the fruit drop situation of Wogan grown on Yuanjiang Jiangan rootstock from April to May in the third year;

[0021] Figure 2 This is the fruit drop situation of the Wogan oranges grown on Citrus aurantium rootstocks in April and May of the third year;

[0022] Figure 3 This is the fruit drop situation of the citrus rootstock Wogan in April and May of the third year. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The invention provides a Wogan grafting method, which uses Yuanjiang Jiangan (Citrus reticulata Blanco) seedlings as rootstocks and Wogan as scion varieties.

[0024] The present invention preferably uses the seedlings of the seedlings of Yuanjiang Jiangan as the rootstock; the method for cultivating the seedlings preferably includes: collecting seeds from the mature fruits of Yuanjiang Jiangan, and cultivating them until the diameter at 15 cm is not less than 0.5 cm. The present invention preferably rinses the collected seeds, and sows the seeds after rinsing. When the seedlings grow to more than 8 to 10 cm, they can be transplanted into the planting bag. When the diameter at 15 cm of the ground of the Yuanjiang Jiangan reaches more than 0.5 cm, grafting can be carried out. The present invention does not specifically limit the specifications of the planting bag. In the embodiment, the specifications selected are 30 to 35 cm high, 12.5 cm wide, and 12.5 cm thick, and 9 cm by 9 cm bottom.

[0025] The grafting method of the present invention preferably includes a single bud cut grafting method. The present invention does not particularly limit the specific operation of the single bud cut grafting method, and the operation can be performed using conventional methods in the art. The present invention uses seedlings of Yuanjiang Jiangan as rootstocks, which not only have excellent fruiting characteristics, but also have strong resistance to disease, are not susceptible to susceptibility, and can extend the fruiting period.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for prolonging the harvest period of Wogan, comprising cultivating grafted seedlings obtained by the above-mentioned Wogan grafting method.

[0027] The grafted seedlings of the present invention are preferably transplanted 60 to 90 days after grafting when the seedling height reaches 50 to 60 cm, and are then transplanted and planted in the field. The present invention preferably transplants and plants the seedlings in planting trenches or planting holes in the field, and the spacing between rows for transplanting and planting is preferably (2 to 3) m × (3 to 4) m. The present invention does not particularly limit the specifications of the planting trenches or planting holes, and planting trenches or planting holes with a width of 80 to 100 cm and a depth of 60 to 80 cm are all acceptable. Base fertilizer is applied before transplanting, specifically including: placing straw, weeds, etc. at the bottom of the hole or trench, and then applying 30 to 50 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1.0 to 2.0 kg of phosphate fertilizer per hole, and backfilling the mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil to 30 cm above the ground. During planting, straighten the seedlings, pay special attention not to plant too deep, and avoid the grafting port being buried in the soil.

[0028] The present invention preferably further includes post-planting sapling management and fruit-bearing tree management after the field transplanting and planting. The post-planting sapling management preferably includes fertilizer and water management, pruning and shaping, and pest and disease control; the fruit-bearing tree management preferably includes water management, fertilization management, pruning and shaping, and pest and disease control. The present invention does not particularly limit the specific operations of the post-planting sapling management and fruit-bearing tree management, and conventional operations in the field can be used.

[0029] To further illustrate the present invention, a method for grafting mandarin oranges and a method for extending the harvest period of mandarin oranges provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The ternary compound fertilizer referred to in the embodiment of the present invention is NPK compound fertilizer. In terms of the ratio of N-P2O5-K2O, the balanced compound fertilizer is 15-15-15, the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is 22-8-10, the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 16-8-20, and the foliar fertilizer is EDTA-chelated multi-trace elements.

[0031] P2O5 in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer ≥18%

[0032] Organic fertilizer is livestock manure, or a mixture of livestock manure and cake fertilizer.

[0033] The fungicides and insecticides used in the chemical control of orchard pests and diseases are all purchased from the market and meet the national pesticide safety use standards.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] (1) Seedling cultivation

[0036] a. Rootstock selection: Yuanjiang Jiangan is the rootstock variety;

[0037] b. Cultivation of rootstock seedlings: Harvest the Yuanjiang Jiangan fruit when it is fully mature, rinse the seeds and sow them. When the seedlings grow to more than 8-10 cm, they can be transplanted into planting bags. The planting bags should be 30-35 cm high, 12.5 cm wide, 12.5 cm wide, and 9 cm x 9 cm in bottom. Grafting can be carried out when the ground diameter of the Yuanjiang Jiangan reaches more than 0.5 cm at 15 cm.

[0038] c. Grafted seedling cultivation: Grafting is done with Wogan as the scion variety, using the single bud grafting method. The seedlings can be transplanted when they reach a height of 50-60 cm 60-90 days after grafting.

[0039] (2) Transplanting and planting

[0040] a. Planting density: The row spacing between plants is (2-3)m×(3-4)m.

[0041] b. Dig planting trenches or holes: Dig planting trenches or holes with a width of 80-100 cm and a depth of 60-80 cm;

[0042] c. Add base fertilizer and backfill soil: Place straw, weeds, etc. at the bottom of the hole or ditch, then apply 30-50 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1.0-2.0 kg of phosphate fertilizer to each hole, and backfill the mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil to 30 cm above the ground.

[0043] d. Planting method: When planting, straighten the seedlings and pay special attention not to plant them too deep. The grafting point must not be buried in the soil.

[0044] (3) Management of young trees after planting

[0045] a. Fertilizer and water management: After planting, pay attention to the condition of the seedlings and keep the soil moist, not too dry (soil moisture content 60-80%). After the Wogan seedlings survive, the young trees are mainly fertilized with high-nitrogen three-element compound fertilizer. In the first year of planting, fertilize 8-10 times a year. The fertilizer amount starts from 20g per plant and gradually increases by 10-20%. Each year, about 600-800g of high-nitrogen three-element compound fertilizer and 30-50kg of farmyard manure are applied to each plant.

[0046] b. Pruning and shaping: retain 3 to 4 strong branches above 60 cm from the main trunk, remove the top of the branches, promote the growth of side buds, and form a high-yielding crown;

[0047] c. Pest and disease control: spraying should be carried out according to the occurrence characteristics of various pests and diseases. From March to May, spray ivermectin (1000-1500 times) + mineral oil (150-200 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) twice continuously to control mites, and combine with the control of other pests; from July to September, spray high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate (1000-1500 times) + spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) + thiophanate-methyl (600-800 times) 2-3 times continuously to control thrips, leaf miners, scale insects, etc., and also control swallowtail butterflies, anthrax, etc.; in December, spray mineral oil (150-200 times) + copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) again to clean the garden.

[0048] (4) Fruit-bearing tree management

[0049] a. Water management: It is not advisable to irrigate the Wogan trees on a large scale during the flower bud differentiation period (water content 40-50%), budding period (water content 60-70%), and flowering period (water content 60-80%), otherwise it will cause a large number of flowers and fruits to fall. However, it should not be too dry either. Micro-spraying or drip irrigation can be carried out every 15-20 days. After flowering, when the young fruits are firmly seated, watering is required to keep the soil moist (water content 70-80%). No watering is required during the rainy season, and attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention. The harvest period is from February to May. Keep the soil dry to promote the conversion of sugars in the Wogan fruits.

[0050] b. Fertilization management: Wogan has good yield and bears a lot of fruit, so nutrients should be supplied every month. When the soil is slightly moist after the rainy days, apply warm winter fertilizer once in November. Dig a fertilizer ditch 30-40 cm wide and 30-40 cm deep at the drip line of the tree diagonal (the diagonal is changed every year), apply 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer + 1.0-2.0 kg of balanced compound fertilizer + 1.0-2.0 kg of calcium magnesium phosphorus, mix them thoroughly with the soil and fill them into the fertilizer ditch; from mid-to-late April of the following year, when Wogan is in full bloom, spray 0.2% EDTA chelated multi-element fertilizer on the leaves twice, with an interval of 10-15 days each time; the fruits swell in May and June During the fruit-bearing period from July to August, dig a shallow trench with a diagonal length of 1.0 to 1.5 m, a width of 0.2 to 0.25 m, and a depth of 0.05 to 0.1 m at the drip line of the crown, and apply 1.0 to 1.5 kg of high-nitrogen three-element compound fertilizer twice, each time with an interval of 20 to 25 days; during the fruit-bearing period from July to August, dig a shallow trench with a diagonal length of 1.0 to 1.5 m, a width of 0.2 to 0.25 m, and a depth of 0.05 to 0.1 m at the drip line of the crown, and apply 1.5 to 2.0 kg of high-potassium three-element compound fertilizer twice, each time with an interval of 20 to 25 days; during the fruit color change period from September to October, irrigate with 0.3% EDTA chelated multi-element trace element water-soluble fertilizer twice, each time with an interval of 15 to 20 days.

[0051] c. Pruning and shaping: Pruning is done after the fruits are harvested. The pruning principle is heavy on the top and light on the bottom, heavy on the outside and light on the inside. Prune the overgrown branches, upright branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and thin out the overcrowded branches, leaving strong branches of medium growth and flat, drooping fruiting branches.

[0052] d. Disease and pest control: spraying should be carried out according to the occurrence characteristics of various diseases and insects. Before flowering (March to April), spray ivermectin (1000-1500 times) + mineral oil (150-200 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) twice continuously to control mites, and combine with the control of other pests; during the young fruit stage (May to June), spray high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate (1000-1500 times) + imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) + thiophanate-methyl (600-800 times) continuously. ) 2 times, mainly for the prevention and control of thrips, leaf miners, scale insects, etc., and combined with the prevention and control of other pests; from July to September, continuously spray imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) + spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) + chlorothalonil (600-800 times) 2-3 times, mainly for the prevention and control of rust mites, thrips, leaf miners, and swallowtail butterflies, anthrax, etc.; in winter, spray mineral oil (150-200 times) + copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) once to clean the garden.

[0053] Except for the different rootstock varieties, the rest of the seedling propagation, transplanting, and cultivation conditions were the same. Nine plants were selected for each treatment for measurement, with three replicates. The yield and fruit drop were counted in the third year after transplanting ( Figures 1 to 3), the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Resistance (morbidity) statistics were collected in the second and third years after transplanting, and the results are shown in Table 3. Additionally, on March 15th of the third year after transplanting, fruit quality was measured on nine fruits from each treatment (data were averaged), and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 used Fructus Aurantii Immaturus as the rootstock.

[0055] Comparative Example 2 uses Citrus sinensis as rootstock.

[0056] Table 1 Effects of different rootstocks on Wogan yield (third year after planting)

[0057]

[0058] Table 2 Effects of different rootstocks on fruit drop in Wogan (3rd year after planting)

[0059]

[0060] Table 3 Effects of different rootstocks on the incidence of Wogan (premature aging, ulcer disease, Huanglongbing, etc.)

[0061]

[0062] Table 4 Effects of different rootstocks on the quality of Wogan fruit (3rd year after planting)

[0063]

[0064] Although the above embodiment provides a detailed description of the present invention, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for extending the harvest period of mandarin oranges and increasing the yield per plant, characterized in that: Including the cultivation of grafted seedlings; The grafted seedlings use the seedlings of Yuanjiang Jiangan as rootstocks and Wogan as scion varieties; The seedling cultivation method comprises: collecting seeds from mature fruits of Yuanjiang Jiangan, and cultivating them until the diameter at the ground level is not less than 0.5 cm at 15 cm; Grafting is performed when the ground diameter of the Yuanjiang Jiangan seedlings is 15 cm and not less than 0.5 cm, and the grafting method includes a single bud grafting method.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedling cultivation process also includes transplanting, and when the seedlings grow to a plant height of not less than 8 cm, they are transplanted into planting bags.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the grafted seedlings reach a height of 50 to 60 cm, they are taken out of the nursery and transplanted into the field.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Transplantation is carried out in planting trenches or planting holes in the field, with a plant spacing of (2~3)m×(3~4)m.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: After the field transplanting and planting, the method also includes post-planting sapling management and fruit-bearing tree management.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The management of young trees after planting includes fertilizer and water management, pruning and shaping, and disease and pest control.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The fruit-bearing tree management includes water management, fertilization management, pruning and shaping, and disease and pest control.

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