A device and method for non-explosive excavation of hard rock

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of hard rock non-explosive excavation device and method, it includes drill bit, drill pipe and splitting mechanism.Splitting mechanism includes first drive assembly, second drive assembly and expansion assembly, first drive assembly, second drive assembly and expansion assembly are rotationally sleeved on drill pipe, first drive assembly and second drive assembly are connected with expansion assembly, first drive assembly can drive expansion assembly along the radial expansion or shrink of drill pipe, second drive assembly can drive expansion assembly axial movement.When expansion assembly is in expansion state, the maximum vertical distance of the central axis of drill pipe to the outer side of expansion assembly is greater than the diameter of drill bit;When expansion assembly is in shrinkage state, the maximum vertical distance of the central axis of drill pipe to the outer side of expansion assembly is less than or equal to the diameter of drill bit.The whole process will drill, rock breaking, rock falling action together, directly after drilling rock breaking, save equipment conversion time, improve excavation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel excavation technology, and in particular to a non-blasting excavation device and method for hard rock. Background Technology

[0002] Drill-and-blast method is generally used for hard rock tunnels or hard rock ore mining. However, this method can alter the structure of the surrounding rock and nearby buildings, negatively impacting their structural mechanics. Furthermore, blasting generates noise, affecting the surrounding environment. Therefore, for tunnel projects and ore mining projects with strict requirements regarding blasting vibration and noise, the drill-and-blast method is insufficient, necessitating the use of non-blasting excavation techniques.

[0003] Commonly used non-blasting excavation methods include tunnel boring machines (TBMs), cantilever tunneling machines, hydraulic fracturing, static fracturing agents, and water-jet drilling. For hard rock mining, TBMs and cantilever tunneling machines suffer from low efficiency in shearing and rock breaking, and severe tool wear. Furthermore, they are expensive for short tunnels with varying cross-sections. Static fracturing agents pose environmental pollution problems and can cause personal injury to construction workers. Additionally, the long action time of the fracturing agent makes it highly susceptible to environmental influences, resulting in low construction efficiency.

[0004] For hard rock, the most commonly used non-blasting excavation method is to use a drilling and splitting rig or an on-board drilling and splitting machine. Both drilling and splitting rigs combine the drilling rig and the splitting machine. The working principle is to first drill a hole, then remove the drilling rig, then put the splitting machine into the hole to perform the splitting action, and then use an excavator or hydraulic breaker to excavate. The overall construction efficiency is low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a non-blasting excavation device and method for hard rock, which solves the technical problem of low excavation efficiency in hard rock.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the hard rock non-blasting excavation device of the present invention includes:

[0009] A drill bit, a drill rod, and a splitting mechanism, wherein the drill bit is disposed at the first end of the drill rod;

[0010] The splitting mechanism includes a first driving component, a second driving component, and an expansion component. The first driving component, the second driving component, and the expansion component are all rotatably sleeved on the drill rod. The first driving component and the second driving component are both connected to the expansion component. The first driving component can drive the expansion component to expand or contract radially along the drill rod, and the second driving component can drive the expansion component to move axially along the drill rod.

[0011] When the expansion assembly is in an expanded state, the maximum vertical distance from the central axis of the drill rod to the outer surface of the expansion assembly is greater than the diameter of the drill bit.

[0012] When the expansion assembly is in the contracted state, the maximum vertical distance from the centerline of the drill rod to the outer surface of the expansion assembly is less than or equal to the diameter of the drill bit.

[0013] Optionally, the expansion assembly includes a movable element and an expansion element;

[0014] Both the movable component and the expansion component are sleeved on the drill rod, and a gap is provided between the movable component and the expansion component and the drill rod;

[0015] The movable part is partially sleeved in the expansion member, and the movable part is connected to the first drive assembly. The first drive assembly can drive the movable part to be inserted into the expansion member along the axial direction of the drill rod, so that the expansion member expands radially.

[0016] The expansion member is connected to the second drive assembly, which is capable of driving the expansion member to move along the axial direction of the drill pipe.

[0017] Optionally, the expansion member includes a plurality of elastic arms, the inner side of which forms a first inclined surface;

[0018] The movable part is located between multiple elastic arms. The outer surface of the movable part located between the multiple elastic arms is provided with multiple second inclined surfaces. The multiple second inclined surfaces on the movable part correspond one-to-one with the first inclined surfaces on the multiple elastic arms and are parallel to each other.

[0019] Optionally, the movable component includes a first end and a wedge connected coaxially, the first drive assembly is connected to the first end, and a plurality of second inclined surfaces are disposed on the wedge;

[0020] A first through hole is provided along the central axis of the first end and the wedge, and the drill rod is sleeved in the first through hole.

[0021] Optionally, the expansion member further includes a second end, and the plurality of elastic arms are all connected to the second end, and the plurality of elastic arms extend along the length direction of the second end;

[0022] The second end has a second through hole, the drill rod is sleeved in the second through hole, and the second end is connected to the second drive assembly.

[0023] Optionally, the outer surface of the elastic arm is provided with a wear-resistant layer.

[0024] Optionally, both the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly are hydraulic cylinders, and the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly have a third through hole along the central axis. The drill rod is sleeved in the third through hole, and the expansion assembly is located between the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly.

[0025] The cylinder of the first drive assembly is rotatably connected to the drill rod via a bearing, and the piston rod of the first drive assembly is connected to the expansion assembly;

[0026] The piston rod of the second drive assembly is rotatably connected to the drill rod via a bearing, and the cylinder of the second drive assembly is connected to the expansion assembly.

[0027] Optionally, both the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly are hydraulic cylinders, and the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly have a third through hole along the central axis. The drill rod is sleeved in the third through hole, and both the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly are located at the second end of the drill rod.

[0028] The cylinder of the first drive assembly is rotatably connected to the drill rod via a bearing, and the piston rod of the first drive assembly is connected to the expansion assembly;

[0029] The second drive assembly is fixedly sleeved on the piston rod of the first drive assembly, and the piston rod of the second drive assembly is connected to the expansion assembly.

[0030] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for non-blasting excavation of hard rock, comprising:

[0031] S1. Delineate the central area at the center of the tunnel excavation face, mark multiple split points from the inside out along the periphery of the central area, and mark an auxiliary point circle close to the contour of the tunnel cross-section at even intervals along the contour of the tunnel cross-section.

[0032] S2. Excavate a cavity in the central area and remove any fallen rock debris;

[0033] S3. Using a hard rock non-blasting excavation device, excavate the split point and the auxiliary point according to the set excavation sequence, and remove the fallen rock debris.

[0034] The excavation sequence includes: first, excavating the split points sequentially from the inside out along the periphery of the cavity; after all the split points have been excavated, the auxiliary points are excavated sequentially.

[0035] S4. Repeat steps S1 to S3 until the tunnel excavation is completed.

[0036] Optionally, step S3, which involves using a hard rock non-blasting excavation device to excavate the splitting point and the auxiliary point according to a set excavation sequence, includes:

[0037] S31. The drill rod is driven by an external force to perform drilling operations at one of the splitting points or the auxiliary points, and the splitting mechanism follows the drill rod into the excavated hole.

[0038] S32. After drilling is completed, the first drive assembly drives the expansion assembly to expand radially along the drill rod until it contacts the hole wall.

[0039] S33. The first driving component continues to drive the expansion component to expand radially along the drill rod, and the second driving component drives the expansion component to move axially along the drill rod toward the borehole, so that the rock undergoes tensile and shear failure toward the outside of the tunnel excavation face, and begins to break and fall rocks.

[0040] S34. After the rockfall is completed, the first driving component drives the expansion component to return to the contracted state, and the second driving component drives the expansion component to return to the initial position.

[0041] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0042] Both the first and second drive components are connected to the expansion component. The first drive component drives the expansion component to expand or contract radially along the drill rod. When the expansion component expands, it generates a radial force on the borehole wall. After expansion, the expansion component is stuck in the hole. The second drive component drives the expansion component to move axially along the drill rod, generating an axial tensile force on the borehole wall towards the borehole opening. Radial and axial forces are generated sequentially. The radial force produces an expansion effect, and the axial force produces a pull-out effect. Since the tensile and shear stresses of the rock are much smaller than its compressive stresses, under the action of the radial and axial forces, the rock undergoes tensile and shear failure towards the outer side of the working face. The rock in the rockfall area is directly detached from the rock mass as the expansion component moves, completing the rockfall. The entire excavation process of the hard rock non-blasting excavation device integrates drilling, rock breaking, and rockfall actions. After drilling, there is no need to remove the drill rod; rock breaking can be performed directly by compression, saving equipment changeover time and improving excavation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the hard rock non-blasting excavation device of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the moving parts of the hard rock non-blasting excavation device of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion component of the hard rock non-explosive excavation device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the hard rock non-blasting excavation device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the hard rock non-blasting excavation device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the location markings for the non-explosive excavation method for hard rock of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the non-explosive excavation method for hard rock according to the present invention.

[0050] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0051] 10: Splitting mechanism;

[0052] 1: Drill bit; 2: First drive assembly; 3: Moving part; 31: First end; 32: Second inclined surface; 33: First through hole; 4: Expansion part; 41: Second end; 42: Second through hole; 43: First inclined surface; 44: Wear-resistant layer; 5: Second drive assembly; 6: Stop; 7: Drill rod;

[0053] 100: Working face; 101: Central area; 102: Outline; 103: Split point; 104: Auxiliary point; 105: Surrounding point; 106: Rockfall area. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, a detailed description of the invention is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In this document, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," etc., are used interchangeably with respect to... Figure 1 The orientation is used as a reference.

[0055] While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and that the scope of the invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this invention provides a non-blasting excavation device for hard rock, comprising a drill bit 1, a drill rod 7, and a splitting mechanism 10. The drill bit 1 is disposed at the first end of the drill rod 7 and is driven to rotate by the drill rod 7 to drill holes at the designated points of the tunnel excavation face 100. The splitting mechanism 10 includes a first driving component 2, a second driving component 5, and an expansion component. The first driving component 2, the second driving component 5, and the expansion component are all rotatably mounted on the drill rod 7. During the drilling process where the drill rod 7 rotates to drive the drill bit 1 to rotate, the first driving component 2 and the second driving component 5 enter the hole along with the drill rod 7, but they do not rotate with the drill rod 7. The first driving component 2 and the second driving component 5 are both connected to the expansion component. The first driving component 2 drives the expansion component to expand or contract radially along the drill rod 7. When the expansion component expands, it generates a radial force on the hole wall. After expansion, the expansion component is stuck in the hole. The second driving component 5 drives the expansion component to move axially along the drill rod 7, generating an axial pulling force on the hole wall towards the hole opening. Radial and axial forces are generated sequentially. The radial force produces an expansion effect, while the axial force produces a pull-out effect. Since the tensile and shear stresses of the rock are much smaller than its compressive stress, under the action of these two forces, the rock undergoes tensile and shear failure towards the outer side of the face 100. The rock in the rockfall area 106 is directly detached from the rock mass as the expansion component moves, completing the rockfall. When the expansion component is in the expanded state, the maximum vertical distance from the central axis of the drill rod 7 to the outer surface of the expansion component is greater than the diameter of the drill bit 1, ensuring that the expansion component can generate radial compressive force on the borehole wall in the expanded state. When the expansion component is in the contracted state, the maximum vertical distance from the central axis of the drill rod 7 to the outer surface of the expansion component is less than or equal to the diameter of the drill bit 1, ensuring that the expansion component can enter the hole with the drill rod 7. The entire excavation process of the hard rock non-blasting excavation device integrates drilling, rock breaking, and rockfall actions. After drilling, there is no need to remove the drill rod 7; rock breaking can be performed directly by compression, saving equipment changeover time and improving excavation efficiency. At the same time, the hard rock non-blasting excavation device can be combined with the traditional cantilever tunneling machine with slag removal function, integrating drilling, rock breaking, rock falling and slag removal into one action, further improving construction efficiency and saving the use of other equipment.

[0057] like Figure 1As shown, the expansion assembly includes a movable part 3 and an expansion part 4. Both the movable part 3 and the expansion part 4 are sleeved on the drill rod 7, and a gap is provided between the movable part 3 and the expansion part 4 and the drill rod 7. During the rotation of the drill rod 7, the movable part 3 and the expansion part 4 will not rotate, thus avoiding damage to the movable part 3 and the expansion part 4 from impact with the borehole wall. The movable part 3 is partially sleeved in the expansion part 4 and is connected to the first drive assembly 2. The first drive assembly 2 can drive the movable part 3 to be inserted into the expansion part 4 along the axial direction of the drill rod 7, so that the expansion part 4 expands radially, generating radial extrusion force on the borehole wall and fracturing the rock. The expansion part 4 is connected to the second drive assembly 5, which can drive the expansion part 4 to move along the axial direction of the drill rod 7. The fractured rock in the rockfall area 106 will directly fall from the rock mass with the movement of the expansion part 4, completing the rockfall. The hard rock non-blasting excavation device also includes a controller. The first drive component 2 and the second drive component 5 are both connected to the controller. Under the control of the controller, the first drive component 2 drives the movable part 3 to move axially at a speed greater than the second drive component 5 drives the expansion part 4 to move axially. The distance of the expansion part moving axially is less than the distance of the movable part moving axially, so as to ensure that the movable part and the expansion part move closer to each other and move axially in the direction of the hole as a whole.

[0058] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the expansion member 4 includes multiple elastic arms, preferably two but not limited to two. The inner surface of each elastic arm is a first inclined surface 43. The multiple elastic arms are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the drill rod 7 to form wedges, and the ends of the wedges are connected to the second drive assembly 5. A portion of the movable member 3 is located between the multiple elastic arms. The outer surface of the portion of the movable member 3 located between the multiple elastic arms is provided with multiple second inclined surfaces 32. The multiple second inclined surfaces 32 on the movable member 3 correspond one-to-one with the first inclined surfaces 43 on the multiple elastic arms and are parallel to each other. Specifically, the movable member 3 includes a first end 31 and a wedge connected to each other. The first end 31 and the wedge are coaxially arranged, and a first through hole 33 is formed along the central axis of the first end 31 and the wedge. The drill rod 7 is sleeved in the first through hole 33. The first drive assembly 2 is connected to the first end 31. The first end 31 is positioned and installed by the first drive assembly 2, so that a gap is formed between the outer wall of the drill rod 7 and the wall of the first through hole 33, allowing the drill rod 7 to rotate freely within the first through hole 33. The wedge has a second inclined surface 32 equal in number to the number of elastic arms. The first drive assembly 2 drives the wedge to insert into multiple elastic arms along the axial direction of the drill rod 7 via the first end 31. The first inclined surface 43 and the second inclined surface 32 slide relative to each other. The wedge simultaneously compresses multiple elastic arms, causing the free ends of the multiple elastic arms to expand into a funnel shape along the drill rod 7, compressing the borehole wall. After the wedge is pulled out, the elastic arms elastically recover their original shape. The second drive assembly 5 simultaneously drives multiple elastic arms to move along the axial direction of the drill rod 7 towards the borehole opening. The rock fractured in the rockfall area 106 will directly detach from the rock mass with the movement of the elastic arms, completing the rockfall. The controller controls the pressure and flow rate of the hydraulic oil in the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5 to ensure that the axial movement speed of the elastic arms is less than the axial movement speed of the wedge, and the axial movement distance of the elastic arms is less than the axial movement distance of the wedge, so as to ensure that the wedge and elastic arms move closer to each other and move axially towards the borehole opening as a whole.

[0059] Preferably, the expansion member 4 may further include a second end 41, with multiple elastic arms connected to the second end 41, and the multiple elastic arms extending along the length direction of the second end 41. A second through hole 42 is provided on the second end 41, and the drill rod 7 is sleeved in the second through hole 42. The second end 41 is connected to the second drive assembly 5, and the second end 41 is positioned and installed by the second drive assembly 5, so that a gap is formed between the outer wall of the drill rod 7 and the wall of the second through hole 42, allowing the drill rod 7 to rotate freely within the first through hole 33.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, a wear-resistant layer 44 is provided on the outer side of the elastic arm. The wear-resistant layer 44 is welded with wear-resistant welding rods to increase the wear resistance of the outer side of the elastic arm, slow down the wear rate when the elastic arm contacts and is squeezed against the hole wall, and improve the durability of the elastic arm.

[0061] like Figure 5As shown in Embodiment 1, both the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5 are hydraulic cylinders. A third through hole is formed along the central axis of both the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5. The drill rod 7 is fitted into the third through hole, and the expansion assembly is located between the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5. The cylinder body of the first drive assembly 2 is rotatably connected to the drill rod 7 via bearings or bushings. The cylinder body can only rotate relative to the drill rod 7 and will not slide along the axial direction of the drill rod 7. During the rotational operation of the drill rod 7, the cylinder body does not need to rotate with the drill rod 7. The piston rod of the first drive assembly 2 is fixedly connected to the first end 31 of the expansion assembly via bolts or other fasteners. The high-pressure oil pipe of the first drive assembly 2 is arranged in the interval between the elastic arms. The piston rod of the second drive assembly 5 is connected to the stop 6. The stop 6 is rotatably connected to the drill rod 7 via bearings or bushings. The piston rod can only rotate relative to the drill rod 7 and will not slide along the axial direction of the drill rod 7. During the rotational operation of the drill rod 7, the piston rod does not need to rotate with the drill rod 7. The cylinder body of the second drive assembly 5 is fixedly connected to the second end 41 of the expansion assembly via bolts or other fasteners. When breaking rock, the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5 are supported by the two ends of the drill rod 7. The reaction forces of the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5 will not be transmitted to the external equipment and will not affect the external equipment.

[0062] In Example 2, both the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5 are hydraulic cylinders. A third through hole is formed along the central axis of both the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5. The drill rod 7 is fitted into the third through hole. Both the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5 are located at the second end of the drill rod 7. The expansion assembly is close to the drill bit 1 to facilitate the generation of extrusion force on the deeper hole wall. Specifically, the cylinder body of the first drive assembly 2 is rotatably connected to the drill rod 7 via a bearing or bushing. The piston rod of the first drive assembly 2 is connected to the small end of the wedge to drive the wedge to move axially. The cylinder body of the second drive assembly 5 is fixedly fitted onto the piston rod of the first drive assembly 2, and the piston rod of the second drive assembly 5 is fitted onto the piston rod of the first drive assembly 2. A gap is provided between the piston rods of the two drive assemblies. During operation, the drive wedge of the first drive assembly 2 moves toward the orifice, and the second drive assembly 5 drives the elastic arm to move toward the bottom of the orifice to counteract the displacement of the elastic arm toward the orifice, thereby causing the wedge to insert into multiple elastic arms and expand the elastic arms. After the rock is fractured, the first drive assembly 2 continues to drive the wedge to move toward the orifice, and the piston rod of the first drive assembly 2 drives the second drive assembly 5 to move toward the orifice, thereby directly detaching the fractured rock block from the rock mass and completing the rockfall.

[0063] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for non-blasting excavation of hard rock, comprising:

[0064] Step 1: Delineate the central area 101 at the center of the tunnel excavation face 100. Mark multiple split points 103 from the inside out along the perimeter of the central area 101. Mark an auxiliary point 104 at even intervals along the contour of the tunnel cross section, close to the contour line 102. In tunnel projects where over-excavation (contour) control is more stringent, it is also necessary to mark a ring of peripheral points 105 at even intervals on the contour line 102 of the tunnel cross section.

[0065] Step 2: Excavate a cavity in the central area 101 and remove the fallen rock debris;

[0066] Step 3: Using a hard rock non-blasting excavation device, excavate the split point 103, auxiliary point 104 and surrounding point 105 one by one according to the set excavation sequence, and remove the fallen rock debris.

[0067] The excavation sequence includes: first, excavating the split points 103 one by one from the inside to the outside along the perimeter of the cavity; after all the split points 103 have been excavated, the auxiliary points 104 are excavated one by one; and finally, the surrounding points 105 are excavated one by one.

[0068] Step 4: Repeat steps 1 to 3 until the tunnel excavation is completed.

[0069] Step three involves using a hard rock non-blasting excavation device to excavate split point 103 and auxiliary point 104 according to a set excavation sequence. Specifically, this includes:

[0070] The drill rod 7 is driven by an external force to drive the drill bit 1 to perform drilling operations at one of the splitting point 103, auxiliary point 104 or peripheral point 105. During the drilling process, the splitting mechanism 10 enters the excavated hole along with the drill rod 7.

[0071] Next, after drilling is completed, the first drive assembly 2 drives the wedge to be axially inserted into multiple elastic arms, and the free ends of the multiple elastic arms expand radially along the drill rod 7 to contact the outer side of the hole wall.

[0072] Then, the first drive assembly 2 continues to drive the wedge to insert axially into the multiple elastic arms; while the free ends of the multiple elastic arms expand and compress the borehole wall radially along the drill rod 7, the second drive assembly 5 drives the multiple elastic arms to move axially along the drill rod 7 toward the borehole opening, so that the fractured rock undergoes tensile shear failure toward the outside of the tunnel excavation face 100, and rockfall begins. The axial movement speed of the elastic arms is less than the axial movement speed of the wedge, and the axial movement distance of the elastic arms is less than the axial movement distance of the wedge, to ensure that the wedge and elastic arms move close to each other and move axially toward the borehole opening as a whole; or, the free ends of the multiple elastic arms expand and compress the borehole wall radially along the drill rod 7 until the rock is fractured. After the rock is fractured, the second drive assembly 5 drives the multiple elastic arms to move axially along the drill rod 7 toward the borehole opening, and the first drive assembly 2 continues to drive the wedge to move axially. The movement speed and distance of the wedge and elastic arms are equal; thus, the fractured rock undergoes tensile shear failure toward the outside of the tunnel excavation face 100, and rockfall begins.

[0073] Finally, after the rockfall is completed, the first drive component 2 drives the wedge to be pulled out, and multiple elastic arms return to the contracted state under the action of elastic force. The second drive component 5 drives multiple elastic arms to move to the initial position.

[0074] Both the first drive assembly 2 and the second drive assembly 5 are connected to the expansion assembly. The first drive assembly 2 drives the expansion assembly to expand or contract radially along the drill rod 7. When the expansion assembly expands, it generates a radial force on the borehole wall. After expansion, the expansion assembly is stuck in the hole. The second drive assembly 5 drives the expansion assembly to move axially along the drill rod 7, generating an axial tensile force on the borehole wall towards the borehole opening. Radial and axial forces are generated successively. The radial force produces an expansion effect, and the axial force produces a pull-out effect. Since the tensile and shear stress of the rock is much smaller than its compressive stress, under the action of the radial and axial forces, the rock undergoes tensile and shear failure towards the outside of the face 100. The rock in the rockfall area 106 falls directly from the rock mass with the movement of the expansion assembly, completing the rockfall. The entire excavation process of the hard rock non-blasting excavation device integrates drilling, rock breaking, and rockfall actions. After drilling, there is no need to remove the drill rod 7; rock breaking can be performed directly by compression, saving equipment changeover time and improving excavation efficiency.

[0075] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0076] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0077] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," or "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," or "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0078] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0079] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-explosive excavation device for hard rock, characterized in that, The hard rock non-blasting excavation device includes a drill bit (1), a drill rod (7) and a splitting mechanism (10), wherein the drill bit (1) is disposed at the first end of the drill rod (7); The splitting mechanism (10) includes a first drive assembly (2), a second drive assembly (5), and an expansion assembly. The first drive assembly (2), the second drive assembly (5), and the expansion assembly are all rotatably sleeved on the drill rod (7). The first drive assembly (2) and the second drive assembly (5) are both connected to the expansion assembly. The first drive assembly (2) can drive the expansion assembly to expand or contract radially along the drill rod (7), and the second drive assembly (5) can drive the expansion assembly to move axially along the drill rod (7). When the expansion assembly is in an expanded state, the maximum vertical distance from the central axis of the drill rod (7) to the outer surface of the expansion assembly is greater than the diameter of the drill bit (1); When the expansion assembly is in a contracted state, the maximum vertical distance from the central axis of the drill rod (7) to the outer surface of the expansion assembly is less than or equal to the diameter of the drill bit (1); The expansion assembly includes a movable part (3) and an expansion part (4); The movable part (3) and the expansion part (4) are both sleeved on the drill rod (7), and there is a gap between the movable part (3) and the expansion part (4) and the drill rod (7); The movable part (3) is partially sleeved in the expansion part (4). The movable part (3) is connected to the first drive assembly (2). The first drive assembly (2) can drive the movable part (3) to be inserted into the expansion part (4) along the axial direction of the drill rod (7) so that the expansion part (4) expands radially. The expansion member (4) is connected to the second drive assembly (5), and the second drive assembly (5) can drive the expansion member (4) to move along the axial direction of the drill rod (7); The expansion member (4) includes a plurality of elastic arms, the inner side of which is a first inclined surface (43). The movable part (3) is located between multiple elastic arms. The outer side of the movable part (3) located between multiple elastic arms is provided with multiple second inclined surfaces (32). The multiple second inclined surfaces (32) on the movable part (3) correspond one-to-one with the first inclined surfaces (43) on the multiple elastic arms and are parallel to each other. The movable part (3) includes a first end (31) and a wedge connected coaxially. The first drive assembly (2) is connected to the first end (31), and a plurality of second inclined surfaces (32) are disposed on the wedge. A first through hole (33) is provided along the central axis of the first end (31) and the wedge, and the drill rod (7) is sleeved in the first through hole (33).

2. The hard rock non-blasting excavation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion member (4) also includes a second end (41), and a plurality of elastic arms are connected to the second end (41), and the plurality of elastic arms extend along the length direction of the second end (41); The second end (41) has a second through hole (42), the drill rod (7) is sleeved in the second through hole (42), and the second end (41) is connected to the second drive assembly (5).

3. The hard rock non-blasting excavation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the elastic arm is provided with a wear-resistant layer (44).

4. The hard rock non-blasting excavation device as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Both the first drive assembly (2) and the second drive assembly (5) are hydraulic cylinders. The first drive assembly (2) and the second drive assembly (5) have a third through hole along the central axis. The drill rod (7) is sleeved in the third through hole. The expansion assembly is located between the first drive assembly (2) and the second drive assembly (5). The cylinder of the first drive assembly (2) is rotatably connected to the drill rod (7) via a bearing, and the piston rod of the first drive assembly (2) is connected to the expansion assembly; The piston rod of the second drive assembly (5) is rotatably connected to the drill rod (7) via a bearing, and the cylinder of the second drive assembly (5) is connected to the expansion assembly.

5. The hard rock non-blasting excavation device as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first drive assembly (2) and the second drive assembly (5) are both hydraulic cylinders. The first drive assembly (2) and the second drive assembly (5) have a third through hole along the central axis. The drill rod (7) is sleeved in the third through hole. The first drive assembly (2) and the second drive assembly (5) are both located at the second end of the drill rod (7). The cylinder of the first drive assembly (2) is rotatably connected to the drill rod (7) via a bearing, and the piston rod of the first drive assembly (2) is connected to the expansion assembly; The second drive assembly (5) is fixedly sleeved on the piston rod of the first drive assembly (2), and the piston rod of the second drive assembly (5) is connected to the expansion assembly.

6. A non-blasting excavation method for hard rock, characterized in that, The hard rock non-blasting excavation method is applied to the hard rock non-blasting excavation apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the hard rock non-blasting excavation method includes: S1. Delineate the central area (101) at the center of the tunnel excavation face (100), mark multiple split points (103) from the inside to the outside along the periphery of the central area (101), and mark an auxiliary point (104) at even intervals along the contour of the tunnel cross section. S2. Excavate a cavity in the central area (101) and remove the fallen rock debris; S3. Using a hard rock non-blasting excavation device, the split point (103) and the auxiliary point (104) are excavated according to the set excavation sequence, and the fallen rock debris is removed. The excavation sequence includes: first, excavating the split points (103) sequentially from the inside to the outside along the periphery of the cavity; after all the split points (103) have been excavated, the auxiliary points (104) are excavated sequentially. S4. Repeat steps S1 to S3 until the tunnel excavation is completed.

7. The non-blasting excavation method for hard rock as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Step S3, which involves using a hard rock non-blasting excavation device to excavate the split point (103) and the auxiliary point (104) according to a set excavation sequence, includes: S31. The drill rod (7) is driven by external force to drive the drill bit (1) to perform drilling operations at one of the splitting points (103) or the auxiliary points (104). The splitting mechanism (10) follows the drill rod (7) into the excavated hole. S32. After drilling is completed, the first drive assembly (2) drives the expansion assembly to expand radially along the drill rod (7) until it contacts the hole wall. S33. The first drive assembly (2) continues to drive the expansion assembly to expand radially along the drill rod (7), and the second drive assembly (5) drives the expansion assembly to move axially along the drill rod (7) toward the borehole, so that the rock is subjected to tensile shear failure toward the outside of the tunnel excavation face (100), and rock breaking and rock falling begin. S34. After the rockfall is completed, the first driving component (2) drives the expansion component to return to the contracted state, and the second driving component (5) drives the expansion component to return to the initial position.

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